{"product_id":"a-practical-approach-to-quantitative-metal-analysis-of-organic-matrices-9780470031971","title":"A Practical Approach to Quantitative Metal","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere has been significant expansion in the application of atomic spectrographic techniques in recent years, which has brought with it the need to provide more flexible methods to a wider range of samples, particularly non-aqueous samples.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiography xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 A Practical Approach to Quantitative Metal Analysis of Organic Matrices Using ICP-OES 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction and Basic Overview 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Schematic Representation of the Energies Generated by Atomic Spectroscopic Methods 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Excitation Energy (Quantum Theory and Atomic Spectra) 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Ionisation Energy and Number of Excited Atoms 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Width of Atomic Lines 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Natural Broadening 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Doppler Broadening 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3 Lorentzian Broadening or Pressure Broadening 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.4 Holtsmark Broadening or Resonance Broadening 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.5 Field Broadening or Stark Broadening 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.6 Self-Absorption and Self-Reversal Broadening 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Brief Summary of Atomic Spectroscopic Techniques Used for Elemental Analysis 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2 Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.3 Direct Current Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (DCP-OES) 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.4 Microwave Induced Plasma (MIP) 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.5 Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GD-OES) 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.6 Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Summary: Applications of Atomic Spectroscopy 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Instrumentations Associated with Atomic Spectroscopy 21\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Instrumentation 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Types of Plasma Sources 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrograph 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Microwave Induced Plasma 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Optical Emission Spectroscopy 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Sample Introduction Systems 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Mechanical Transfer of Sample\/Standards Using Peristaltic Pump, Pressure Valves, Motorised Syringes, etc. 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Nebulisers 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Brief Outline of Atomic Spectroscopy Hyphenated Systems 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Spray Chambers 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 ICP-OES Torches 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Optics 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Grating Orders 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Signal Detectors 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Photomultiplier Tubes 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2 Charge Coupled Devices 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Methodologies of Metal Analysis of Organic Matrices Using ICP-OES 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Sample Preparation Techniques and Methods of Analysis 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Defining Goals 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Steps in Chemical Analytical Protocol 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Sampling and its Importance 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Sample Preparation Methods 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Direct Analysis of Organic Solutions 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Sample Dissolution 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Chemical Extraction of Metals from Organic Matrices 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Dry Ashing without Retaining Aids 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.5 Dry Ashing with Retaining Aids 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.6 Acid Digestion Using Microwave Oven 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.7 Oxygen Bomb Flask Combustion (Low Pressure) 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.8 High Pressure Oxygen Combustion 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.9 Sample Preparation Using Fusion Methods 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.10 Analysis Using Slurry Solution Method 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.11 Sample Preparation Using Leaching Method 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.12 Sample Preparation Using a UV Digester 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Non-Spectral Corrections Using ICP-OES 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Effect of Solvents on ICP-OES 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Effect of Viscosity on Signal Response 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Comparison of Nebulisation Efficiency of Solvents Using ICP-OES 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 Choice of Carrier Liquid 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Methodology of Measurement 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Choice of Standard Materials 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Quantitative Analysis Using Calibration Graph Method 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.3 Quantitative Analysis Using Standard Addition Method 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.4 Quantitative Analysis Using Internal Standard Method 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.5 Quantitative Analysis Using Matrix Matching Method 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.6 Quantitative Analysis Using Flow Injection Technique 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Validation of an Analytical Method 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.1 Method Validation of Analysis of Organic Matrices 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Control and Range Charts 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Brief Outline of Measurement Uncertainty 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Analysis of Plastics, Fibres and Textiles for Metals Content Using ICP-OES 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 A Brief History of Natural and Synthetic Plastic Materials 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 A Brief History of Chemistry of Plastics 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Chemical Structure of Plastics 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Polymerization Process of Plastics 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Polymerisation by Addition Reactions 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Polymerisation by Condensation Reactions 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Additives in Plastics 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Methods of Sample Preparation for Metal Content of Plastics, Fibres and Textiles 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Sample Preparation Using Dissolution Method 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Sample Preparation Using Dry Ashing Methods 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Sample Preparation Using Microwave Acid Digestion Method 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Sample Preparation Using Oxygen Bomb Combustion Method 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Comparative Study of Methods of Analysis of Plastic Samples for Metals Content 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Study of Leaching of Metals from Plastics 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Study of Leaching of Metals from Children’s Toys 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Analysis for Toxic Metals in Plastics and Non-Electrical Additives Used in Electrical and Electronic Components as Required by RoHS 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.1 Method for Metal Analysis of Plastics and Non-Electrical Additives Used in Electrical and Electronic Products 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Conclusion 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Metal Analysis of Virgin and Crude Petroleum Products 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Brief Introduction to Refining Process in the Petroleum Industry 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Metals in Crude Oils and Petroleum Products 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Requirements for the Determination of Metal Content in Virgin and Crude Oils 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Wear Metals and Metal Contaminants in Lubricating Oils 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Brief Outline of the Determination of Metals in Organic Materials Using Atomic Spectroscopy Methods 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Application of Atomic Spectroscopic Techniques in the Analysis of Virgin and Wear Oils for Metals Content 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Choice of Solvents Suitable for Metal Analysis of Crude and Lubricating Oils Using ICP-OES 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Selection of Representative Samples in the Study of Metal Analysis of High Viscosity and Low Viscosity Oil Blends 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Physical Properties of Selected Solvents for Dissolving High Viscosity and Low Viscosity Oils for Metal Analysis 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.4 Methods of Sample Preparation for Metal Analysis of High Viscosity and Low Viscosity Oil Blends 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.5 Long-Term Study of Metal Analysis Using Kerosene, Teralin and Decalin Solvents Using ICP-OES 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.6 Comparative Study of Non-Destructive Methods of Analysis of Metals ‘Spiked’ in High Viscosity and Low Viscosity Oil Blends Using ICP-OES 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Analysis of Type C and D Fractions for Metal Content Using Dry Ashing Method 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Analysis of ‘Metal Spiked’ Oil Blends Using Microwave Acid Digestion for Metals Content 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Analysis of ‘Metal Spiked’ Oil Blends Using High Pressure Oxygen Combustion for Metals Content 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Comparative Study of Analysis of Trace Levels of Toxic Metals Using Microwave Acid Digestion and Oxygen Bomb Combustion 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.1 Conclusion to Trace Analysis of Toxic Metals in Oil Products 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12 Extraction Method for the Determination of Metals of High Viscosity and Low Viscosity Oil Blends 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13 Analysis of Old Lubricating Oil for Total Metal Content Using a Slurry Method with Internal Standard 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14 Conclusion 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Metal Analysis of Structural Adhesives 161\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Setting and Curing of Adhesives 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Introduction to Modern Synthetic Adhesives 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Cyanoacrylate Adhesives 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Anaerobic and Acrylic Adhesives 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Epoxy Structural Adhesives 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Phenolic Adhesives 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Polyurethane Adhesives 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Metal Salts and Concomitant Metals in Adhesives 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Metals Associated with Cyanoacrylate Adhesives 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Non-Destructive Methods of Analysis for Metals Content in Cyanoacrylate Adhesives 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 General Method 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Standard Addition Method 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Internal Standard Method 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Destructive Methods of Analysis for Metals Content in Cyanoacrylate Adhesives 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1 Sample Preparation Using Ashing Method 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2 Sample Preparation Using Microwave Acid Digestion 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.3 Sample Preparation Using Oxygen Bomb Combustion 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Conclusion to Analysis of Cyanoacrylate Products 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Metals Associated with Anaerobic Adhesives 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Destructive Methods of Sample Preparation for Metals Content in Anaerobic Adhesives 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.1 Ashing Method of Type A and Type B Anaerobic Adhesives 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2 Sample Preparation of Anaerobic Adhesives Using Microwave Acid Digestion 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.3 Sample Preparation of Anaerobic Adhesive Using Oxygen Bomb Combustion 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.4 Conclusion to Analysis of Anaerobic Adhesives 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Metal Analysis of Chemical Raw Materials Used to Manufacture Anaerobic Adhesives 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11.1 Column Extraction of Metal from Liquid Monomers 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12 Analysis of Metal Salt Content Dissolved in Aerosol Solvent(s) 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12.1 Sample Preparation and Analysis of Metals in Aerosol 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13 A Study of the Effects of Anaerobic Adhesives on Metallic Substrates 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14 Metals Associated with Epoxy Adhesives 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.1 Composition of Epoxy Adhesives 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.2 Preparation of Epoxy Adhesive ‘Spiked’ with Ge(AcAc)BF4 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.3 Determination of the Concentration of Ge(AcAc)BF4 in Epoxy Adhesives Using Non-Destructive Methods 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.4 Determination of the Concentration of Ge(AcAc)BF4 in Epoxy Adhesives Using Destructive Methods 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.5 Conclusion of Metal Analysis of Epoxy Adhesives 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15 Metals Associated with Phenolic Adhesives 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15.1 Preparation of Typical Phenolic Adhesives Containing Calcium and Copper Sulphonate Salts 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15.2 Non-Destructive Methods of Analysis of Phenolic Adhesives 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.16 Metals Associated with Polyurethane Adhesives 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.16.1 Preparation and Analysis of Polyurethane Adhesives Containing Organometallic Catalysts 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.17 Conclusion to Metal Analysis of Phenolic and Polyurethane Adhesives 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Hyphenated and Miscellaneous Techniques Used with ICP-OES 199\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Coupling of Flow Injection Analysis with ICP-OES 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Theory of Flow Injection 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Configuration of ICP-OES\/FIA System 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Signal Acquisition and Data Management 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Reproducibility of Measurements Using ICP-OES\/FIA 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.5 Dispersion and Diffusion of ‘Sample Plug’ in a Carrier Stream 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.6 Metal Analysis of Organic Compounds Using ICP-OES-FIA 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.7 Effect of Loop Size on Signal Response 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.8 Comparative Measurements of Peak Height and Peak Area 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.9 Effect of Viscosity Using ICP-OES\/FIA 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.10 A Study of Solvent Effects Using ICP-OES\/FIA 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.11 Determination of Limit of Detection and Quantification 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.12 Conclusions of Analysis Using ICP-OES-FIA 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Use of Internal Standard(s) with ICP-OES 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Conclusion to Internal Standard(s) Study 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Coupling of Ion Chromatography with ICP-OES 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Preconcentration of Metals Using Ion Chromatography 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Analysis of Lanthanide and Transition Metals with ICP-OES\/IC 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Coupling of Gas Chromatography with ICP-OES or Atomic Emission Detector 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Metal Analysis Using ICP-OES Coupled with Electro-Thermal Vaporisation 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Surface Analysis Using Laser Ablation with ICP-OES 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Determination of Thickener Content of Paints, Pharmaceutical Products and Adhesives Using ICP-OES 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Metal Analysis of Metallo-Pharmaceutical Products 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.1 Metallic Type Antibiotic Drugs 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.2 Platinum and Palladium Drugs for Cancer Treatments 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Metal Analysis of Infusion and Dialysis and Bio-Monitoring Solutions 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Organometallic Compounds 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Metals and Metalloid Analysis in Support of Forensic Science 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13 Non-Prescription Nutritional Dietary Supplements 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14 Trace Metal Analysis of Foods 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14.1 General Methods of Metal Analysis of Foods 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14.2 Conclusion to Food Analysis 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 249\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49525362852183,"sku":"9780470031971","price":128.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470031971.jpg?v=1731860229","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/a-practical-approach-to-quantitative-metal-analysis-of-organic-matrices-9780470031971","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}