{"product_id":"a-history-of-modern-europe-9781405121866","title":"A History of Modern Europe","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eA History of Modern Europe\u003c\/i\u003e surveys European history from the defeat of Napoleon to the twenty-first century, presenting major historical themes in an authoritative and compelling narrative.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e   \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eConcise, readable single volume covering Europe from the early nineteenth century through the early twenty-first century\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eVigorous interpretation of events reflects a fresh, concise perspective on European history\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eClear and thought-provoking treatment of major historical themes\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLively narrative reflects complexity of modern European history, but remains accessible to those unfamiliar with the field\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface: The Dilemmas and Rewards of a Concise Historical Overview xiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Maps xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Figures xx\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xxii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction: What Is Europe? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Christendom” and Europe 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeographical Definitions 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEurope’s Unusual Seas: The Mediterranean and Baltic 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEurope’s Unusual Races 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEuropean Languages 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEurope’s Religious Mixes 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Differing Rates of Growth in Europe’s Regions 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes to the Reader 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Few Words about the Further Reading Sections 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNational and Thematic Overviews 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiographies 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistoriography and Bibliography 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading (to the Introduction) 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Romanticism and Revolt: The Seedtime of Modern Ideologies, 1815–40 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 The Legacy of the French Revolution 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrance’s Preeminence 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Changes Made by the Revolution 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Revolutionary Mystique 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Opening Stages of the Revolution 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Causes of the Revolution: Precedents 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Ambiguous Ideal of Equality 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCivil Equality for Jews? 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Many Meanings of Fraternity 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Revolution: Progressive or Regressive? 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The Congress of Vienna and Post-Napoleonic Europe: 1815–30 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Uniquely European Meeting 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Major Powers: Goals and Compromises 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNapoleon Returns: The Hundred Days 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Issue of Poland 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Territorial Settlements 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccomplishments of the Congress: Short-Term, Long-Term 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Repressive Years in Britain 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetternich’s Repressions 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The Engines of Change 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConceptualizing Historical Change 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Industrial Revolution and Its Preconditions 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe British Model of Industrialization 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndustrialization in Other Countries 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResistance to Industrialization 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechnological Innovation and Industrialization 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Implications of Industrial Change 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The Seedtime of Ideology: A Century of “Questions” 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEurope’s Major “Questions” and Its Belief in Progress 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Elusive Genesis and Evolution of Europe’s Isms 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConservatism, Liberalism, Socialism 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEdmund Burke: The Conservative Tradition and Its Opponents 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeminism and the Woman Question 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Evolution of Liberal Theory and Practice: Radicalism and Utilitarianism 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassical Liberalism 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMill on Socialism and Feminism 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFourier’s Fantastic but “Scientific” Vision of Socialism 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe “Practical” Socialist, Robert Owen 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSaint-Simon, Prophet of Modernism 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Communist Tradition 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRomanticism and Classicism 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II From the 1820s to the Great Depression of the 1870s and 1880s 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Liberal Struggles, Victories, Dilemmas, Defeats 75\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Revolution of 1830 in France 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnrest in the 1830s 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgitation to Repeal the Corn Laws 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Great Hunger in Ireland 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Darker Vision of Thomas Malthus 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgain, Revolution in France 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReform in Britain: The Chartist Movement 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRevolutions of 1848 and the End of Metternich’s Europe 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Republican Provisional Government and the “National Workshops” 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRising Class Conflict and the “June Days” 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe National Question Outside France 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowing Divisions among the Revolutionaries 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Nationalism and National Unification 92\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems of Definition 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas of German Nationality 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople, Language, and State: Herder and Hegel 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlavic Identities 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouthern Europe: Latin Identities 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNew Power Relations in Europe: The Wars of Mid-century 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Unification of Italy 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Unification of Germany 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Mid-century Consolidation, Modernization: Austria, Russia, France 106\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Habsburg Empire 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Russian Empire 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrance’s Second Empire 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Optimism, Progress, Science: From the 1850s to 1871 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Classic Age of British Liberalism 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBritain’s Social Peace, Political Stability, and Economic Productivity 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiberalism, Population Growth, and Democracy 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Irish Question 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDarwin and Darwinism 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III From Depression to World War: The 1870s to 1914 131\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 The Depressed and Chastened 1870s and 1880s 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Spread of Marxism: Controversies about the Meaning of Marxism 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Development of Social Darwinism and Evolutionary Thinking 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRussian Revolutionary Movements in the 1870s and 1880s 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Appearance of Modern Racial-Political Antisemitism 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntisemitism in Germany 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Weakness of Antisemitism in Italy and Britain 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntisemitism in France: Renan and the Scandals of the 1880s 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Germany and Russia in the Belle Epoque: 1890–1914 147\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Rising Germany 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiberalism Challenged, Mass Politics, and the Second Industrial Revolution 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Influence of Friedrich Nietzsche 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNew Aspects of the German Question 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Evolution of German Social Democracy: The Revisionist Controversy 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRussia under Nicholas II 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Appeals of Marxism in Russia and the Emergence of Leninism 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Russo-Japanese War, 1904–5 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRevolution and Reaction in Russia, 1905–14 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 France and Britain in the Belle Epoque: 1890–1914 162\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrance in Turmoil 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Dreyfus Affair 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrench Socialism 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEdwardian Britain 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Boer War 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Woman Question 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 The Origins of World War I 176\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowing International Anarchy, Hypernationalism, Polarization of Alliances 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn Inevitable War? 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Role of Personality and Chance 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Euphoria to Stalemate Warfare 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV The European Civil War: 1914 – 43 187\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 World War I: 1914 –18 189\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalemate Warfare in the West and Expansion in the East 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1916: The Battles at Verdun and the Somme 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1917: A Turning Point 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutumn 1917 to Autumn 1918: The Last Year of War and Germany’s Collapse 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNovember 1918: The Balance Sheet of War 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Revolution in Russia: 1917–21 199\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Proletarian Revolution? 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe March (February) Revolution: Provisional Government and Soviets 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLenin’s Return: The Paradoxes of Bolshevik Theory and Practice 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Mechanics of the Bolshevik Seizure of Power 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Constituent Assembly 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCivil War in Russia: The Red Terror 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Failure of Revolution in the West 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat “Really Happened” in Russia between November 1917 and March 1921? 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 The Paris Peace Settlement 214\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Settlements of 1815 and 1919 Compared; the Issue of German Guilt 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopular Pressures, “New Diplomacy,” Russia’s Isolation 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWilson’s Role: The Fourteen Points 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Successor States and the Issue of Self-Determination 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Creation of New Nation-States: Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDilemmas and Contradictions of Ethnic-Linguistic States 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinority Treaties 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeague of Nations Mandates 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 The Dilemmas of Liberal Democracy in the 1920s 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContaining Germany: The Weakness of the League of Nations, 1919–29 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Dilemmas of American Leadership: Isolationism 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReactionary Trends and the Woman Question 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Negative Impact of the Versailles Treaty: Undermining German Democracy 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Evolution of Liberal Democracy in Germany 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopments in the Third Republic 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Brief Rule of the British Labour Party 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Stock-Market Crash, November 1929: The Beginning of the Great Depression 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Stalinist Russia and International Communism 237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalin and Stalinism 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 1920s: Lingering Dilemmas and the Industrialization Debate 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalin’s Victory in the Struggle for Power 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalin and the Jewish Question in the Bolshevik Party 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollectivization and the Five-Year Plan 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Blood Purges 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1939: The Balance Sheet: Paradoxes and Imponderables 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 The Rise of Fascism and Nazism: 1919–39 251\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Origins of Italian Fascism 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMussolini’s Assumption of Power 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Evolving Definition of Fascism: Initial Relations with Nazism 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Spread of Fascism Outside Italy, 1922–33 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNazism: The Basis of Its Appeal 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Nature of Hitler’s Antisemitism 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHitler in Power 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Moderate Solution to the Jewish Question? 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNazi and Soviet Rule: Comparing Evils 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 The Origins of World War II and the Holocaust: 1929–39 267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEuropean Diplomacy, 1929–34 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHitler’s Retreats, the Stresa Front 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Great Turning Point, 1934–5: Comintern Policy and the Ethiopian War 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Popular Front in France, 1935–9 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Spanish Civil War, 1936–9 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Era of Appeasement, 1936–8 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluating Appeasement 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 World War II and the Holocaust: 1939–43 283\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppeasement from the East and the Outbreak of World War II 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Opening Stages of World War II 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWar in the West, 1940 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe War against Judeo-Bolshevism 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Turning of the Tide 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVictories at Stalingrad and the Kursk Salient 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart V Europe in Recovery and the Cold War: 1943–89 and Beyond 299\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Victory, Peace, Punishment: 1943–6 303\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Problems and Paradoxes of Victory 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlanning for Victory 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonal Diplomacy and Realpolitik 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWinning the War: Myths and Realities 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Ambiguous Peace 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust’s Final Stages: Vengeance 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Nuremberg Trials 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDilemmas and Paradoxes of Punishment 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Europe’s Nadir, the German Question, and the Origins of the Cold War: 1945–50 322\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWar-time Deaths, Military and Civilian 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Unresolved German Question: Germany’s Borders 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDenazification 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Two Germanies, East and West 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSchumacher and Adenauer 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Democrats vs. Christian Democrats 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostwar Austria 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Origins and Nature of the Cold War 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 The Mystique of Revolution: Ideologies and Realities, 1945 to the 1960s 337\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Revolutionary Mystique in the Immediate Postwar Years 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemocratic Socialism in Western Europe: Great Britain 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemocratic Socialism in Western Europe: Scandinavia 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Revolutionary Mystique, the Cult of Personality, and “Real” Socialism 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTitoism and the New Show Trials 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalin’s Death and Khrushchev’s “De-Stalinization” 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRevolts in Poland and Hungary, 1956 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEast Germany and the Berlin Wall 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 The End of Imperialism, and European Recovery: 1948–68 352\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEuropean Exhaustion and the End of Empire 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndia and the Middle East 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNew Dimensions of the Jewish Question 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“French” Algeria 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Vagaries of Historical Memory: The Role of the Cold War 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Establishment of the Fourth Republic in France 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestoring Liberal Democracy in Italy 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEuropean Unification: The First Steps 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDe Gaulle’s Vision: The Fifth Republic 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 Europe in a New Generation 371\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunism with a Human Face: Czechoslovakia, 1968 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eYoung Rebels in Western Europe 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrance: The “Events of May” 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeminism in the New Generation 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 Détente, Ostpolitik, Glasnost: A New Europe 381\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShifting International Relationships: Frictions and Contretemps in the Soviet Union and United States 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Impact of the Oil Embargo of 1973: “Stagflation” 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Restive Soviet Bloc in the 1970s and 1980s 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoland and Solidarity 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWest Germany’s Ostpolitik: Management of Modern Capitalism 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGorbachev and Glasnost, 1985–9 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Disintegration of Communist Rule 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Mystique (1989–90) to Politique (1991–2012) 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Soviet Union to Russian Federation 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Unification of Germany 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Breakup of Former Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWestern Europe: From Common Market to European Union 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27 Europe in Two Centuries: An Epilogue and General Assessment 398\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEurope’s Evolving Identity 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEuropean Liberties and Toleration 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Irish Question 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Woman Question 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Social Question and the Role of the State 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Eastern Question and the End of Empires 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe German Question 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmericanization, Globalization, and the European Model 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Question 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe New Enemy: Islam 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmentalism under Capitalism and Communism 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Demographic Question and European Xenophobia 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Sovereign Debt Crisis: The Dilemmas of the European Union 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 413\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407859818839,"sku":"9781405121866","price":66.45,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781405121866.jpg?v=1730500765","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/a-history-of-modern-europe-9781405121866","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}