{"product_id":"a-history-of-mathematics-9780470525487","title":"A History of Mathematics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe updated new edition of the classic and comprehensive guide to the history of mathematics    For more than forty years, A History of Mathematics has been the reference of choice for those looking to learn about the fascinating history of humankind   s relationship with numbers, shapes, and patterns.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"... the book is an essential reference that will help you explore the incredible history of mathematics and the men and women who created it.\" (\u003ci\u003eZentralblatt MATH\u003c\/i\u003e, 2016)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"... an 'engaging' read for the mathematically minded.\" (\u003ci\u003eInside OR\u003c\/i\u003e, June 2011)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eForeword by Isaac Asimov xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Third Edition xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the First Edition xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Traces 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcepts and Relationships 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Number Bases 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber Language and Counting 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpatial Relationships 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Ancient Egypt 8\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Era and the Sources 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumbers and Fractions 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArithmetic Operations 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Heap” Problems 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeometric Problems 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlope Problems 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArithmetic Pragmatism 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Mesopotamia 21\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Era and the Sources 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCuneiform Writing 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumbers and Fractions: Sexagesimals 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositional Numeration 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexagesimal Fractions 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApproximations 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTables 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquations 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasurements: Pythagorean Triads 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Polygonal Areas 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeometry as Applied Arithmetic 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Hellenic Traditions 40\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Era and the Sources 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThales and Pythagoras 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumeration 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArithmetic and Logistic 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFifth-Century Athens 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree Classical Problems 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuadrature of Lunes 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHippias of Elis 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhilolaus and Archytas of Tarentum 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncommensurability 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParadoxes of Zeno 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeductive Reasoning 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemocritus of Abdera 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMathematics and the Liberal Arts 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Academy 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAristotle 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Euclid of Alexandria 90\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlexandria 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLost Works 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtant Works 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Elements 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Archimedes of Syracuse 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Siege of Syracuse 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the Equilibriums of Planes 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn Floating Bodies 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Sand-Reckoner 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasurement of the Circle 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn Spirals 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuadrature of the Parabola 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn Conoids and Spheroids 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the Sphere and Cylinder 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBook of Lemmas 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSemiregular Solids and Trigonometry 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Method 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Apollonius of Perge 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorks and Tradition 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLost Works 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCycles and Epicycles 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Conics 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Crosscurrents 142\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanging Trends 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEratosthenes 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAngles and Chords 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePtolemy’s Almagest 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeron of Alexandria 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Decline of Greek Mathematics 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNicomachus of Gerasa 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiophantus of Alexandria 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePappus of Alexandria 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe End of Alexandrian Dominance 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProclus of Alexandria 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoethius 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAthenian Fragments 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eByzantine Mathematicians 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Ancient and Medieval China 175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Oldest Known Texts 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Nine Chapters 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRod Numerals 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Abacus and Decimal Fractions 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValues of Pi 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThirteenth-Century Mathematics 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Ancient and Medieval India 186\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Mathematics in India 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Sulbasutras 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Siddhantas 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAryabhata 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumerals 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrigonometry 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiplication 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong Division 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrahmagupta 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndeterminate Equations 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBhaskara 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMadhava and the Keralese School 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 The Islamic Hegemony 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArabic Conquests 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe House of Wisdom 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAl-Khwarizmi 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e‘Abd Al-Hamid ibn-Turk 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThabit ibn-Qurra 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumerals 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrigonometry 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTenth- and Eleventh-Century Highlights 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOmar Khayyam 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Parallel Postulate 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNasir al-Din al-Tusi 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAl-Kashi 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 The Latin West 223\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompendia of the Dark Ages 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGerbert 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Century of Translation 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Abacists and Algorists 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFibonacci 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJordanus Nemorarius 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCampanus of Novara 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning in the Thirteenth Century 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArchimedes Revived 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedieval Kinematics 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThomas Bradwardine 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNicole Oresme 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Latitude of Forms 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfinite Series 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevi ben Gerson 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNicholas of Cusa 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Decline of Medieval Learning 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 The European Renaissance 245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegiomontanus 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNicolas Chuquet’s Triparty 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLuca Pacioli’s Summa 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGerman Algebras and Arithmetics 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCardan’s Ars Magna 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRafael Bombelli 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRobert Recorde 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrigonometry 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeometry 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRenaissance Trends 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrançois Viète 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Early Modern Problem Solvers 282\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccessibility of Computation 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecimal Fractions 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotation 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogarithms 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMathematical Instruments 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfinitesimal Methods: Stevin 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJohannes Kepler 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Analysis, Synthesis, the Infinite, and Numbers 300\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGalileo’s Two New Sciences 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBonaventura Cavalieri 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvangelista Torricelli 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMersenne’s Communicants 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRené Descartes 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFermat’s Loci 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGregory of St. Vincent 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Theory of Numbers 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGilles Persone de Roberval 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGirard Desargues and Projective Geometry 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlaise Pascal 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhilippe de Lahire 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeorg Mohr 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePietro Mengoli 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrans van Schooten 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJan de Witt 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJohann Hudde 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRené François de Sluse 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChristiaan Huygens 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 British Techniques and Continental Methods 348\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJohn Wallis 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJames Gregory 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNicolaus Mercator and William Brouncker 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarrow’s Method of Tangents 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNewton 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbraham De Moivre 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoger Cotes 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJames Stirling 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColin Maclaurin 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTextbooks 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRigor and Progress 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeibniz 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Bernoulli Family 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTschirnhaus Transformations 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolid Analytic Geometry 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMichel Rolle and Pierre Varignon 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Clairauts 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMathematics in Italy 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Parallel Postulate 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivergent Series 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Euler 406\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Life of Euler 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotation 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFoundation of Analysis 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogarithms and the Euler Identities 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferential Equations 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProbability 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Theory of Numbers 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTextbooks 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalytic Geometry 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Parallel Postulate: Lambert 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Pre- to Postrevolutionary France 423\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMen and Institutions 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Committee on Weights and Measures 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD’Alembert 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBézout 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCondorcet 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLagrange 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonge 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarnot 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaplace 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLegendre 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAspects of Abstraction 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParis in the 1820s 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFourier 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauchy 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiffusion 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Gauss 464\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNineteenth-Century Overview 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGauss: Early Work 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber Theory 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReception of the Disquisitiones Arithmeticae 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAstronomy 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGauss’s Middle Years 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferential Geometry 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGauss’s Later Work 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGauss’s Influence 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Geometry 483\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe School of Monge 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjective Geometry: Poncelet and Chasles 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynthetic Metric Geometry: Steiner 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynthetic Nonmetric Geometry: von Staudt 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalytic Geometry 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-Euclidean Geometry 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRiemannian Geometry 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpaces of Higher Dimensions 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFelix Klein 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost-Riemannian Algebraic Geometry 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Algebra 504\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBritish Algebra and the Operational Calculus of Functions 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoole and the Algebra of Logic 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAugustus De Morgan 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWilliam Rowan Hamilton 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrassmann and Ausdehnungslehre 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCayley and Sylvester 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinear Associative Algebras 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlgebraic Geometry 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlgebraic and Arithmetic Integers 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAxioms of Arithmetic 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Analysis 526\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBerlin and Göttingen at Midcentury 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRiemann in Göttingen 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMathematical Physics in Germany 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMathematical Physics in English-Speaking Countries 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeierstrass and Students 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Arithmetization of Analysis 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDedekind 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCantor and Kronecker 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis in France 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Twentieth-Century Legacies 548\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHenri Poincaré 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDavid Hilbert 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegration and Measure 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctional Analysis and General Topology 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlgebra 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferential Geometry and Tensor Analysis 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProbability 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBounds and Approximations 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 1930s and World War II 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNicolas Bourbaki 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHomological Algebra and Category Theory 580\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlgebraic Geometry 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogic and Computing 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Fields Medals 584\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Recent Trends 586\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Four-Color Conjecture 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification of Finite Simple Groups 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Fermat’s Last Theorem 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoincaré’s Query 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuture Outlook 599\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Bibliography 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 647 \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864632701271,"sku":"9780470525487","price":26.4,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470525487.jpg?v=1722272816","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/a-history-of-mathematics-9780470525487","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}