{"title":"Thermodynamics and heat Books","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"concepts-of-materials-science-9780192846440","title":"Concepts of Materials Science","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book provides an expert perspective and a unique insight into the essence of the science of materials, introducing the reader to ten fundamental concepts underpinning the subject. It is suitable for undergraduate and pre-university students of physics, chemistry and mathematics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere is no doubt that the intellectual quality of this book is extremely high. This is a book written by a materials scientist at the top of their game - one who has taught the subject as well being a world expert. This is distilled wisdom. * Mark Miodownik, University College London *\u003cbr\u003eThis is a nicely written book. Great care has been taken to be economical with words, while giving clear explanations using accessible examples. This book appears to be a concise summary of the thinking of the author over several decades of teaching and research in the field. * Andrew Horsfield, Imperial College London *\u003cbr\u003eSutton has succeeded in collecting the principal concepts of materials science into a short book. The content is accessible to students in the physical sciences and is elegantly presented. Sutton's goal to present things in the simplest form does not compromise rigor. * W. Craig Carter, Massachusetts Institute of Technology *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: When is a Material Stable? 2: Phase Diagrams 3: Restless Motion 4: Defects 5: Symmetry 6: Quantum Behaviour 7: Small is Different 8: Collective Behaviour 9: Materials by Design 10: Metamaterials 11: Biological Matter as a Material","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732594045271,"sku":"9780192846440","price":23.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780192846440.jpg?v=1719997573"},{"product_id":"sailing-the-ocean-of-complexity-lessons-from-the-physicsbiology-frontier-9780192897893","title":"Sailing the Ocean of Complexity Lessons from the","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book provides a non-specialist introduction to the reasons why we can make sense of the world around and within us, facing the oceans of complexity which inhabit both. The book provides a scientific and easily accessible description of some of the key physical mechanisms by which the wonderful gift of life materializes in the natural world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book gives a nontechnical survey of complex systems, strongly emphasizing the connection of fundamental physics to biology. Starting with a very nice foundational discussion, the Succi goes on to look at the connection developed by Boltzmann between microscopic physics and macroscopic biology...the thoughtful reader will be rewarded. * Choice *\u003cbr\u003eThis is an interesting exploration of how the complex macroscopic world is derivable from microscopic physics, and how the non-linearity of complex systems leads to issues of predictability and at the same time accounts for physical structures. The author gives personal comments on his own appreciation of the physics throughout the book, as well as a thought-provoking conclusion suggesting that our experience of time is a consequence of the emergence of complexity. * E. Kincanon, Gonzaga University, CHOICE connect *\u003cbr\u003eComplexity is between the two infinities \"very big\" and \"very small\" - always a fascinating subject. The author explains things in a very easy-going way, and adds some entertaining stories and thoughts which make it entertaining to read. * Christian Beck, Queen Mary University of London *\u003cbr\u003eComplexity science is of critical importance in the modern world, but not on the radar screen of the average reader. This book, designed for the general public, is intended to fix that problem in a very enjoyable and entertaining style. * Bruce Boghosian, Tufts University *\u003cbr\u003eA fresh and competent view on a very interesting scientific topic. * Guido Caldarelli, School IMT Alti Studi Lucca *\u003cbr\u003eSauro Succi's new book is both superb and essential. Succi, with clarity and wit, takes us from quarks and Boltzmann to soft matter - precisely the frontier of physics and life. Someone said, “There is no truth beyond magic”. Succi shows us the magic at the edge of life. * Stuart Kauffman, MacArthur Fellow, Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, Gold Medal Accademia Lincea *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface Part 1: COMPLEXITY 1: Introducing Complexity 2: The Guiding Barriers 3: Competition and Cooperation 4: Nonlinearity, The Mother of Complexity 5: The Dark Side of Nonlinearity 6: The Bright Side of Nonlinearity 7: Networks, The Fabric of Complexity Part 2: THE SCIENCE OF CHANGE 8: Good Old Thermodynamics 9: The Man Who Trusted Atoms 10: Biological Escapes 11: Cosmological Escapes 12: Free Energy Part 3: THE PHYSICS-BIOLOGY INTERFACE 13: Survival in Molecular Hyperland, the Ozland Valleys 14: Free Energy Funnels 15: Soft Matter, The Stu that Dreams Are Made Of 16: Water, the Wonderuid Part 4: COMPLEXITY AND THE HUMAN CONDITION 17: Time and the Complexity of the Human Condition 18: Harness the Hybris: Hallelujah! 19: Appendices Epilogue Acknowledgements References","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732614689111,"sku":"9780192897893","price":28.02,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780192897893.jpg?v=1719997659"},{"product_id":"physics-on-your-feet-berkeley-graduate-exam-questions-9780198842378","title":"Physics on Your Feet Berkeley Graduate Exam","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhysics on Your Feet (2nd Edition) is a significantly expanded collection of physics problems covering the broad range of topics in classical and modern physics that were, or could have been, asked at oral PhD exams.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReview from previous edition The inventive and challenging puzzles in this book are guaranteed to make you think, and they will probably also make you glad you are not encountering them on your feet in an exam! * Physics World *\u003cbr\u003eThis practical study book for university students will help every student in the preparation of their exams. * Jan M. Broders, Optische Fenomenen *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: Mechanics, heat, and general physics 2: Fluids 3: Gravitation, astrophysics, cosmology 4: Electromagnetism 5: Optics 6: Quantum, atomic, and molecular 7: Nuclear and elementary-particle physics 8: Condensed-matter physics Appendix A Maxwell's equations and electromagnetic field boundary Appendix B Symbols and useful constants Free","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732808380759,"sku":"9780198842378","price":31.34,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198842378.jpg?v=1719998486"},{"product_id":"physics-on-your-feet-berkeley-graduate-exam-questions-9780198842361","title":"Physics on Your Feet Berkeley Graduate Exam","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhysics on Your Feet (2nd Edition) is a significantly expanded collection of physics problems covering the broad range of topics in classical and modern physics that were, or could have been, asked at oral PhD exams at University of California at Berkeley. The questions are easy to formulate, but some of them can only be answered using an outside-of-the box approach. Detailed solutions are provided, from which the reader is guaranteed to learn a lot about the physicists'' way of thinking. The book is also packed full of cartoons and dry humor to help take the edge off the stress and anxiety surrounding exams. This is a helpful guide for students preparing for their exams, as well as a resource for university lecturers looking for good instructive problems. No exams are necessary to enjoy the book!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReview from previous edition The inventive and challenging puzzles in this book are guaranteed to make you think, and they will probably also make you glad you are not encountering them on your feet in an exam! * Physics World *\u003cbr\u003eThis practical study book for university students will help every student in the preparation of their exams. * Jan M. Broders, Optische Fenomenen *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: Mechanics, heat, and general physics 2: Fluids 3: Gravitation, astrophysics, cosmology 4: Electromagnetism 5: Optics 6: Quantum, atomic, and molecular 7: Nuclear and elementary-particle physics 8: Condensed-matter physics Appendix A Maxwell's equations and electromagnetic field boundary Appendix B Symbols and useful constants Free","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732808544599,"sku":"9780198842361","price":49.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198842361.jpg?v=1719998487"},{"product_id":"block-by-block-the-historical-and-theoretical-foundations-of-thermodynamics-9780198851554","title":"Block by Block The Historical and Theoretical","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAt the heart of many fields - physics, chemistry, engineering - lies thermodynamics. While this science plays a critical role in determining the boundary between what is and is not possible in the natural world, it occurs to many as an indecipherable black box, thus making the subject a challenge to learn. Two obstacles contribute to this situation, the first being the disconnect between the fundamental theories and the underlying physics and the second being the confusing concepts and terminologies involved with the theories. While one needn''t confront either of these two obstacles to successfully use thermodynamics to solve real problems, overcoming both provides access to a greater intuitive sense of the problems and more confidence, more strength, and more creativity in solving them.  This book offers an original perspective on thermodynamic science and history based on the three approaches of a practicing engineer, academician, and historian. The book synthesises and gathers into one accessible volume a strategic range of foundational topics involving the atomic theory, energy, entropy, and the laws of thermodynamics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book takes the approach of providing inspiration, confidence and creativity to students for ultimately solving a whole range of thermodynamic problems faced by chemical, mechanical, aerospace and environmental engineers in academia and industry. It is easy to read, providing meaningful information to someone with little background in thermodynamics. * Ashwani Gupta, J. Energy Resour. Technol., June 2022 *\u003cbr\u003ean excellent (and very accessible) textbook... it should be on every refrigeration engineer's bookshelf * Andy Pearson, Star Refrigeration in Glasgow, Ashrae Journal *\u003cbr\u003eHanlon has written a masterpiece, 18 years in the making, a lifetime of learning, has resulted in perhaps the most thoroughly readable book on thermodynamics out there... we not only learn about the history of thermodynamics in Block by Block, we learn about the fundamentals of thermodynamics without getting overwhelmed with equations and mathematics. This should probably be a required textbook in school - learning about the foundations of thermodynamics before trying to work out the math would be the smartest way to master the subject. * Mike Pauken, Senior Engineer, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and author of Thermodynamics for Dummies *\u003cbr\u003eThis book is for those who frequently ask \"why is this happening?\" instead of \"what is happening?\" That's why this book is different than any textbook on this subject. It is such a rich material, organized in the way that gives to the reader (being an experienced professional or an under-graduate student) the ability to question and understand the concepts behind the Laws of Thermodynamics. The most important, reading this book is like reading a novel about a very exciting subject. * Dr Roger Riehl, National Institute for Space Research (INPE). *\u003cbr\u003eThis is the book I wish I had 25 years ago! Bob Hanlon describes in beautiful detail the meaning behind thermodynamics concepts that our teachers and books missed. He provides new perspectives on entropy, heat and work, and statistical mechanics. Along the way we get to meet our heroes, people like Carnot, Clausius, of course Gibbs. A gem of a book! * Darrell Velegol, Distinguished Professor, Penn State University *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction Part 1 The Big Bang 1: The Big Bang: the science 2: The Big Bang: the discovery Part 2 The Atom 3: The Atom: the science 4: The Atom: the discovery Part 3 Energy and Conservation Laws 5:  The science 6:  Motion prior to Galileo 7:  Galileo and the Law of Fall 8:  Newton and the Laws of Motion 9:  The lever 10:  The rise of ½ mv2 11:  Bernoulli and Euler unite Newton and Leibniz 12:  The conservation of mechanical energy 13:  Heat 14:  Joseph Black and the rise of heat capacity 15:  Lavoisier and the birth of modern chemistry 16:  The rise of the steam engine 17:  Caloric 18:  The ideal gas 19:  The final steps to energy and its conservation 20:  Julius Robert Mayer 21:  James Joule 22: The 1st Law of Thermodynamics 23:  Epilogue: The mystery of beta decay Part 4 Entropy and the Laws of Thermodynamics 24:  The science 25:  The piston 26:  England and the steam engine 27:  The Newcomen engine 28:  James Watt 29:  Trevithick, Woolf and high-pressure steam 30:  Sadi Carnot 31:  Rudolph Clausius 32:  William Thomson 33:  The creation of thermodynamics 34:  Clausius and the road to entropy 35:  J. Willard Gibbs 36:  Gibbs' 3rd paper 37:  Practical applications of Gibbs' theories 38:  Dissemination of Gibbs' work 39:  The 2nd Law, entropy and the chemists 40:  Clausius - the kinetic theory of gases 41:  Maxwell - the rise of statistical mechanics 42:  Boltzmann - the probabilistic interpretation of entropy 43:  Shannon - entropy and information theory Part 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements and Bibliography","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732813099351,"sku":"9780198851554","price":53.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198851554.jpg?v=1719998508"},{"product_id":"introduction-to-statistical-mechanics-and-thermodynamics-oxford-graduate-texts-9780198853237","title":"Introduction to Statistical Mechanics and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn Introduction to Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics returns with a second edition which includes new chapters, further explorations, and updated information into the study of statistical mechanics and thermal dynamics.The first part of the book derives the entropy of the classical ideal gas, using only classical statistical mechanics and an analysis of multiple systems first suggested by Boltzmann. The properties of the entropy are then expressed as postulates of thermodynamics in the second part of the book. From these postulates, the formal structure of thermodynamics is developed. The third part of the book introduces the canonical and grand canonical ensembles, which are shown to facilitate calculations for many model systems. An explanation of irreversible phenomena that is consistent with time-reversal invariance in a closed system is presented. The fourth part of the book is devoted to quantum statistical mechanics, including black-body radiation, the harmonic solid, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics, and an introduction to band theory, including metals, insulators, and semiconductors. The final chapter gives a brief introduction to the theory of phase transitions. Throughout the book, there is a strong emphasis on computational methods to make abstract concepts more concrete.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReview from previous edition In his innovative new text, Carnegie Mellon University physics professor Robert Swendsen presents the foundations of statistical mechanics with, as he puts it, a detour through thermodynamics. That's a desirable strategy because the statistical approach is more fundamental than the classical thermodynamics approach and has many applications to current research problems. [] The mathematical notation is carefully introduced and useful; the selected mathematical techniques are clearly explained in a conversational style that both graduate and advanced undergraduate students will find easy to follow. The author's subject organization and conceptual viewpoint address some of the shortcomings of conventional developments of thermal physics and will be helpful to students and researchers seeking a deep appreciation of statistical physics. * Physics Today, August 2013 *\u003cbr\u003eBob Swendsen's book is very well thought out, educationally sound, and more original than other texts. * Jan Tobochnik, Kalamazoo College, USA *\u003cbr\u003eRobert Swendsen is a well-respected researcher who has developed many novel algorithms that illustrate his deep understanding of statistical mechanics. His textbook reflects his deep understanding and will likely have a major impact on the way statistical mechanics and thermodynamics is taught. Particularly noteworthy is Swendsen's treatment of entropy, following Boltzmann's original definition in terms of probability, and his comprehensive discussion of the fundamental principles and applications of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. Students and instructors will enjoy reading the book as much as Swendsen obviously enjoyed writing it. * Harvey Gould, Clark University, USA *\u003cbr\u003eIn this reader-friendly, excellent text, the author provides a unique combination of the best of two worlds: traditional thermodynamics (following Callen's footsteps) and modern statistical mechanics (including VPython codes for simulations). * Royce Zia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA *\u003cbr\u003eSwendsen is famous for developing Monte Carlo algorithms which dramatically speed up the simulation of many systems near a phase transition. The ideas for those algorithms required deep understanding of statistical mechanics, an understanding which is now fully applied to this excellent textbook. * Peter Young, University of California, USA *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface Introduction1:  Part 1 Entropy 2: The Classical Ideal Gas 3: Discrete Probability Theory 4: The Classical Ideal Gas: Configurational Entropy 5: Continuous Random Numbers 6: The Classical Ideal Gas: Energy-Dependence of Entropy 7: Classical Gasses: Ideal and Otherwise 8: Temperature Pressure, Chemical Potential, and All That Part 2 Thermodynamics 9: The Postulates and Laws of Thermodynamics 10: Perturbations of Thermodynamic State Functions 11: Thermodynamics Processes 12: Thermodynamic Potentials 13: The Consequences of Extensivity 14: Thermodynamic Identities 15: Extremum Principles 16: Stability Conditions 17: Phase Transitions 18: The Nernst Postulate: the Third Law of Thermodynamics Part 3 Classical Statistical Mechanics 19: Ensembles in Classical Statistical Mechanics 20: Classical Ensembles: Grand and Otherwise 21: Refining the Definition of Entropy 22: Irreversibility Part 4 Quantum Statistical Mechanics 23: Quantum Ensembles 24: Quantum Canonical Ensemble 25: Black-Body Radiation 26: The Harmonic Solid 27: Ideal Quantum Gases 28: Bose-Einstein Statistics 29: Fermi-Dirac Statistics 30: Insulators and Semiconductors 31: Phase Transitions and the Ising Model Appendix Appendix: Computer Calculations and VPython Index Index Free","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732814377303,"sku":"9780198853237","price":72.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198853237.jpg?v=1719998513"},{"product_id":"nondestructive-testing-and-condition-monitoring-techniques-in-wind-energy-9780323996662","title":"NonDestructive Testing and Condition Monitoring","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction  2. The significance of NDT and Condition Monitoring for the Wind Energy industry  3. Trends in maintenance strategies for wind energy assets  4. NDT and Condition Monitoring techniques for wind turbines  5. Online evaluation of wind turbine power converters  6. Wind turbine gearboxes: A case study  7. Onshore versus offshore wind turbines: Opportunities and operational challenges  8. Inspection and maintenance for wind farms  9. Remote condition monitoring for wind energy systems  10. General NDT techniques: A summary  11. The application of acoustic emission as an effective condition monitoring technique  12. A brief overview of vibration analysis  13. The value of Long Range Ultrasonics  14. ROV applications  15. Effective automated control and its value  16. SCADA systems and effective data management  17. Future developments in NDT and Condition Monitoring","brand":"Elsevier Science \u0026 Technology","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733604020567,"sku":"9780323996662","price":120.65,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780323996662.jpg?v=1720000795"},{"product_id":"how-to-speak-science-9780753548806","title":"How to Speak Science","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBruce isn’t pretending that science isn’t tricky, but in simple, maths-free explanations and just-the-good-parts historical recaps, he shows us that the greatest scientific discoveries and theories don’t have to remain beyond our grasp.","brand":"Ebury Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48737029882199,"sku":"9780753548806","price":11.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780753548806.jpg?v=1723810915"},{"product_id":"thermodynamics-and-control-of-open-quantum-systems-9781107175419","title":"Thermodynamics and Control of Open Quantum","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe control of open quantum systems and their associated quantum thermodynamic properties is a topic of growing importance in modern quantum physics and quantum chemistry research. This unique and self-contained book presents a unifying perspective of such open quantum systems, first describing the fundamental theory behind these formidably complex systems, before introducing the models and techniques that are employed to control their quantum thermodynamics processes. A detailed discussion of real quantum devices is also covered, including quantum heat engines and quantum refrigerators. The theory of open quantum systems is developed pedagogically, from first principles, and the book is accessible to graduate students and researchers working in atomic physics, quantum information, condensed matter physics, and quantum chemistry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface. Part I. Quantum System-Bath Interactions and their Control. 1. Equilibration of Large Quantum Systems; 2. Thermalization of Quantum Systems Weakly Coupled to Baths; 3. Generic Quantum Baths; 4. Quantized System-Bath Interactions; 5. System-Bath Reversible and Irreversible Quantum Dynamics; 6. System-Bath Equilibration via Spin-Boson Interaction; 7. Bath-Induced Collective Dynamics; 8. Bath-Induced Self-Energy: Cooperative Lamb-Shift and Dipole-Dipole Interactions; 9. Quantum Measurements, Pointer Basis and Decoherence; 10. The Quantum Zeno and Anti-Zeno Effects (QZE and AZE); 11. Dynamical Control of Open Systems; 12. Optimal Dynamical Control of Open Systems; 13. Dynamical Control of Quantum Information Processing; 14. Dynamical Control of Quantum State Transfer in Hybrid Systems. Part II. Control of Thermodynamic Processes in Quantum Systems. 15. Entropy, Work and Heat Exchange Bounds for Driven Quantum Systems; 16. Thermodynamics and its Control on Non-Markovian Time Scales; 17. Work-Information Relation and System-Bath Correlations; 18. Cyclic Quantum Engines Energized by Thermal or Non-Thermal Baths; 19. Steady-State Cycles for Quantum Heat Machines; 20. Two-Level Minimal Model of a Heat Engine; 21. Quantum Cooperative Heat Machines; 22. Heat-to-Work Conversion in Fully Quantized Machines; 23. Quantum Refrigerators and the Third Law; 24. Minimal Quantum Heat Manager: Heat Diode and Transistor. Conclusions and Outlook. Bibliography. Index.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738246951255,"sku":"9781107175419","price":59.84,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781107175419.jpg?v=1723811855"},{"product_id":"a-complete-course-on-theoretical-physics-from-classical-mechanics-to-advanced-quantum-statistics-9783030043599","title":"A Complete Course on Theoretical Physics: From","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKompakt und verständlich führt dieses Lehrbuch in die Grundlagen der theoretischen Physik ein. Dabei werden die üblichen Themen der Grundvorlesungen Mechanik, Elektrodynamik, Relativitätstheorie, Quantenmechanik , Thermodynamik und Statistik in einem Band zusammengefasst, um den Zusammenhang zwischen den einzelnen Teilgebieten besonders zu betonen. Ein Kapitel mit mathematischen Grundlagen der Physik erleichtert den Einstieg. Zahlreiche Übungsaufgaben dienen der Vertiefung des Stoffes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743022264663,"sku":"9783030043599","price":56.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030043599.jpg?v=1720063782"},{"product_id":"fundamentals-of-meteorology-9783030526542","title":"Fundamentals of Meteorology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book is dedicated to the atmosphere of our planet, and discusses historical and contemporary achievements in meteorological science and technology for the betterment of society. The book explores many significant atmospheric phenomena and physical processes from the local to global scale, as well as from the perspective of short and long-term time scales, and links these processes to various applications in other scientific disciplines with linkages to meteorology. In addition to addressing general topics such as climate system dynamics and climate change, the book also discusses atmospheric boundary layer, atmospheric waves, atmospheric chemistry, optics\/photometeors, electricity, atmospheric modeling and numeric weather prediction. Through its interdisciplinary approach, the book will be of interest to researchers, students and academics in meteorology and atmospheric science, environmental physics, climate change dynamics, air pollution and human health impacts of atmospheric aerosols. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Introduction.- Chapter 2-Meteorology as the science.- Chapter 3-Historical background.- Chapter 4-Atmospheric structure and composition.- Chapter 5-Energy and radiation.- Chapter 6-The basics of atmospheric thermodynamics. Chapter 7-Air temperature.- Chapter 8-Atmospheric static.- Chapter 9-Atmospheric moisture.- Chapter 10-Clouds and precipitation.- Chapter 11-Air pressure and wind.- Chapter 12-Atmospheric motion.- Chapter 13-Atmospheric waves.- Chapter 14-Planetary boundary layer.- Chapter 15-General atmospheric circulation.- Chapter 16-Air masses and fronts.- Chapter 17-Cyclones and anticyclones.- Chapter 18-Tropical cyclones.- Chapter 19-Thunderstorms and tornadoes.- Chapter 20-Meteorological hazards.- Chapter 21-Atmospheric optical phenomena.- Chapter 22-Atmospheric chemistry.- Chapter 23-Weather forecast.- Chapter 24-Climate system and climate change.- Chapter 25-Earth and planetary observation and monitoring.","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743039074647,"sku":"9783030526542","price":113.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"making-sense-of-statistical-mechanics-9783030917937","title":"Making Sense of Statistical Mechanics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany people, including physicists, are confused about what the Second Law of thermodynamics really means, about how it relates to the arrow of time, and about whether it can be derived from classical mechanics. They also wonder what entropy really is: Is it all about information? But, if so, then, what is its relation to fluxes of heat?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne might ask similar questions about probabilities: Do they express subjective judgments by us, humans, or do they reflect facts about the world, i.e. frequencies. And what notion of probability is used in the natural sciences, in particular statistical mechanics?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book addresses all of these questions in the clear and pedagogical style for which the author is known. Although valuable as accompaniment to an undergraduate course on statistical mechanics or thermodynamics, it is not a standard course book. Instead it addresses both the essentials and the many subtle questions that are usually brushed under the carpet in such courses. As one of the most lucid accounts of the above questions, it provides enlightening reading for all those seeking answers, including students, lecturers, researchers and philosophers of science.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat We Need from Thermodynamics.- What Are Probabilities?.- Dynamical Systems.-  Statistical Mechanics 1 : The Nature of Equilibrium.- Statistical Mechanics 2: Irreversibility.- Demystifying Entropy.-  Comparison with Quantum Mechanics.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743058473303,"sku":"9783030917937","price":49.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"statistical-mechanics-9789811224249","title":"Statistical Mechanics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is aimed at undergraduate students in their senior year and first year graduate students. It elucidates the basis of thermodynamics and provides a basis for the understanding of, not only the thermodynamic properties of a microscopic system, but also their fluctuations, correlations and close-to-equilibrium properties.","brand":"World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743277756759,"sku":"9789811224249","price":72.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789811224249.jpg?v=1720064889"},{"product_id":"thermodynamics-of-quantum-yang-mills-theory-the-theory-and-applications-9789813100480","title":"Thermodynamics Of Quantum Yang-mills Theory, The:","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis latest edition enhances the material of the first edition with a derivation of the value of the action for each of the Harrington-Shepard calorons\/anticalorons that are relevant for the emergence of the thermal ground state. Also included are discussions of the caloron center versus its periphery, the role of the thermal ground state in U(1) wave propagation, photonic particle-wave duality, and calculational intricacies and book-keeping related to one-loop scattering of massless modes in the deconfining phase of an SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. Moreover, a derivation of the temperature-redshift relation of the CMB in deconfining SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics and its application to explaining an apparent early re-ionization of the Universe are given. Finally, a mechanism of mass generation for cosmic neutrinos is proposed.","brand":"World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743295942999,"sku":"9789813100480","price":53.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789813100480.jpg?v=1720064972"},{"product_id":"modern-thermodynamics-9789813200760","title":"Modern Thermodynamics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis textbook introduces thermodynamics with a modern approach, starting from four fundamental physical facts (the atomic nature of matter, the indistinguishability of atoms and molecules of the same species, the uncertainty principle, and the existence of equilibrium states) and analyzing the behavior of complex systems with the tools of information theory, in particular with Shannon's measure of information (or SMI), which can be defined on any probability distribution. SMI is defined and its properties and time evolution are illustrated, and it is shown that the entropy is a particular type of SMI, i.e. the SMI related to the phase-space distribution for a macroscopic system at equilibrium. The connection to SMI allows the reader to understand what entropy is and why isolated systems follow the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The Second Llaw is also formulated for other systems, not thermally isolated and even open with respect to the transfer of particles. All the fundamental aspects of thermodynamics are derived and illustrated with several examples in the first part of the book. The second part addresses important applications of thermodynamics, covering phase transitions, mixtures and solutions (including the Kirkwood-Buff approach and solvation thermodynamics), chemical equilibrium, and the outstanding properties of water.This textbook is unique in two aspects. First, thermodynamics is introduced with a novel approach, based on information theory applied to macroscopic systems at equilibrium. It is shown that entropy is a particular case of Shannon's measure of information (SMI), and the properties and time evolution of the SMI are used to explain the Second Law of Thermodynamics. This represents a real breakthrough, as classical thermodynamics cannot explain entropy, nor clarify why systems should obey the Second Law. Second, this textbook offers the reader the possibility to get in touch with important and advanced applications of thermodynamics, to address the topics discussed in the second part of the book. Although they may go beyond the content of a typical introductory course on thermodynamics, some of them can be important in the curriculum chosen by the student. 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This book not only expounds a multitude of physics topics from the basics but also illustrates how these theories can be applied to problems, often in an elegant fashion. With worked examples that depict various problem-solving sleights of hand and interesting exercises to enhance the mastery of such techniques, readers will hopefully be able to develop their own insights and be better prepared for physics competitions. Ultimately, problem-solving is a craft that requires much intuition. Yet this intuition, perhaps, can only be honed by trudging through an arduous but fulfilling journey of enigmas.This is the second part of a two-volume series and will mainly analyze thermodynamics, electromagnetism and special relativity. A brief overview of geometrical optics is also included.","brand":"World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743297712471,"sku":"9789813238534","price":58.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789813238534.jpg?v=1720064981"},{"product_id":"einsteins-fridge-the-science-of-fire-ice-and-the-universe-9780008262839","title":"Einsteins Fridge The Science of Fire Ice and the","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHugely readable and entertaining' JIM AL-KHALILIAn accessible and crystal-clear portrait of this discipline's breadth, largely told through its history' PHIL BALL, PHYSICS WORLDEinstein's Fridge tells the story of how scientists uncovered the least known and yet most consequential of all the sciences, and learned to harness the power of heat and ice.The laws of thermodynamics govern everything from the behaviour of atoms to that of living cells, from the engines that power our world to the black hole at the centre of our galaxy. Not only that, but thermodynamics explains why we must eat and breathe, how the lights come on, and ultimately how the universe will end. The people who decoded its laws came from every branch of the sciences  they were engineers, physicists, chemists, biologists, cosmologists and mathematicians.Their discoveries, set over two hundred years, kick-started the industrial revolution, changed the course of world wars and informed modern understanding of black holes\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e‘Sen knows how to grab the attention of an audience … [An] elegantly written and engaging book … It’s a measure of Sen’s achievement that by combining science, history, and biography he takes us on a successful tour through thermodynamics.’ Manjit Kumar, Financial Times\u003c\/p\u003e           \u003cp\u003e‘When you combine some of the most profound concepts in physics with exceptional storytelling, this is what you get: popular science writing at its very best. Einstein’s Fridge is a hugely readable and entertaining history of thermodynamics and how it has created and shaped our world.’ Jim Al-Khalili, author of The World According to Physics\u003c\/p\u003e           \u003cp\u003e‘Makes a strong case that thermodynamics is every bit as lively as those other fields – and vastly more useful for understanding what makes the universe tick … Thermodynamics does not bow to other fields; other fields bow to it.’ Sam Kean, Wall Street Journal\u003c\/p\u003e           \u003cp\u003e‘Superb … Einstein’s Fridge offers an accessible and crystal-clear portrait of this discipline’s breadth … [The book] wanders widely while never losing its connection to the central theme … Splendid’ Phil Ball, Physics World\u003c\/p\u003e           \u003cp\u003e‘Although thermodynamics has been studied for hundreds of years, film-maker Sen writes, few nonscientists appreciate how its principles have shaped the modern world.’ Scientific American\u003c\/p\u003e           \u003cp\u003e‘Sen makes a convincing case for the importance of thermodynamics in his impressive debut … He accomplishes all of this with splendid prose, making ample use of analogies to explain complex scientific ideas. Sen’s history of hot and cold is pop-science that hits the mark.’ Publisher’s Weekly\u003c\/p\u003e           \u003cp\u003e‘This entertaining, eye-opening account of how the laws of thermodynamics are essential to understanding the world today – from refrigeration and jet engines to calorie counting and global warming – is a lesson in how to do popular science right.’ Kirkus Reviews\u003c\/p\u003e           \u003cp\u003e‘Sen performs an exquisite examination of an ostensibly simple distinction, the difference between hot and cold.’ Booklist\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HarperCollins Publishers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48863923601751,"sku":"9780008262839","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780008262839.jpg?v=1722269631"},{"product_id":"thermodynamic-weirdness-from-fahrenheit-to-clausius-the-mit-press-9780262538947","title":"Thermodynamic Weirdness From Fahrenheit to","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn account of the concepts and intellectual structure of classical thermodynamics that reveals the subject's simplicity and coherence.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudents of physics, chemistry, and engineering are taught classical thermodynamics through its methods—a “problems first” approach that neglects the subject's concepts and intellectual structure. In \u003ci\u003eThermodynamic Weirdness\u003c\/i\u003e, Don Lemons fills this gap, offering a nonmathematical account of the ideas of classical thermodynamics in all its non-Newtonian “weirdness.” By emphasizing the ideas and their relationship to one another, Lemons reveals the simplicity and coherence of classical thermodynamics. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLemons presents concepts in an order that is both chronological and logical, mapping the rise and fall of ideas in such a way that the ideas that were abandoned illuminate the ideas that took their place. Selections from primary sources, including writings by Daniel Fahrenheit, Antoine Lavoisier, James Joule\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MIT Press Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864305480023,"sku":"9780262538947","price":13.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780262538947.jpg?v=1722271320"},{"product_id":"convective-heat-transfer-9780471577096","title":"Convective Heat Transfer","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA modern and broad exposition emphasizing heat transfer by convection. This edition contains valuable new information primarily pertaining to flow and heat transfer in porous media and computational fluid dynamics as well as recent advances in turbulence modeling. Problems of a mixed theoretical and practical nature provide an opportunity to test mastery of the material.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEquations of Continuity, Motion, Energy, and Mass Diffusion.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e One-Dimensional Solutions.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Laminar Heat Transfer in Ducts.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Laminar Boundary Layers.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Integral Methods.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Turbulence Fundamentals.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Turbulent Boundary Layers.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Turbulent Flow in Ducts.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Natural Convection.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Boiling.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Condensation.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendices.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864650133847,"sku":"9780471577096","price":173.66,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471577096.jpg?v=1722272895"},{"product_id":"thermodynamics-and-an-introduction-to-thermostatistics-9780471862567","title":"Thermodynamics and an Introduction to","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe only text to cover both thermodynamic and statistical mechanics----allowing students to fully master thermodynamics at the macroscopic level. Presents essential ideas on critical phenomena developed over the last decade in simple, qualitative terms.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The Problem and the Postulates.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The Conditions of Equilibrium.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Some Formal Relationships, and Sample Systems.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Reversible Processes and the Maximum Work Theorem.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Alternative Formulations and Legendre Transformations.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The Extremum Principle in the Legendre Transformed Representations.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Maxwell Relations.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Stability of Thermodynamic Systems.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e First-Order Phase Transitions.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Critical Phenomena.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The Nernst Postulate.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Summary of Principles for General Systems.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Properties of Materials.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Irreversible Thermodynamics.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e STATISTICAL MECHANICS.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Statistical Mechanics in the Entropy Representation: The Microanonical Formalism.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The Canonical Formalism;\u003cbr\u003e Statistical Mechanics in Helmholtz Representation.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Entropy and Disorder;\u003cbr\u003e Generalized Canonical Formulations.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Quantum Fluids.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Fluctuations.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Variational Properties, Perturbation Expansions, and Mean Field Theory.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e FOUNDATIONS.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Postlude: Symmetry and the Conceptual Foundations of Thermostatistics.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendices.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e General References.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864653377879,"sku":"9780471862567","price":205.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471862567.jpg?v=1722272909"},{"product_id":"thermodynamic-and-transport-properties-of-fluids-9780631197034","title":"Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Fluids","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe fifth edition has been issued to incorporate two new tables -- Data of Refrigerant 134a and a table containing for selected substances, molar enthalpies and molar Gibbs functions of formation, Equilibirum constants of formation, as well as molar heat capacities and absolute entropies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Notation and Units. \u003cp\u003e2. Saturated Water and Steam.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Superheated and Supercritical Steam.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Further Properties of Water and Steam.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Mercury – Hg.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Ammonia – NH3 (Refrigerant 717).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7. Dichlorodifluoromethane – CF2-Cl3 (Refrigerant 12).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8. Tetrafluoroethane – CH2F-CF3 (Refrigarent 134a).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9. Dry Air at Low Pressure.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10. Specific Heat Capacity cp\/[kJ\/kgK] of Some gases and Vapours.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11. Molar Properties of Some Gases and Vapours.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12. Enthalpies of Reaction and Equilibrium Constants.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13. A Selection of Chemical Thermodynamic Data.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14. Miscellaneous Liquids, Vapours and Gases.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15. International Standard Atmosphere.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16. SI – British Conversion Factors.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17. General Information.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18. Principal Sources.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48865434272087,"sku":"9780631197034","price":10.95,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780631197034.jpg?v=1722274052"},{"product_id":"incroperas-principles-of-heat-and-mass-transfer-global-edition-9781119382911","title":"Incroperas Principles of Heat and Mass Transfer","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eSymbols xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 What and How? 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Physical Origins and Rate Equations 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Conduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Convection 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Radiation 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 The Thermal Resistance Concept 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Relationship to Thermodynamics 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Relationship to the First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Relationship to the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Efficiency of Heat Engines 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Units and Dimensions 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Analysis of Heat Transfer Problems: Methodology 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Relevance of Heat Transfer 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Summary 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Introduction to Conduction 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 The Conduction Rate Equation 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The Thermal Properties of Matter 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Thermal Conductivity 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Other Relevant Properties 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 The Heat Diffusion Equation 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Boundary and Initial Conditions 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Summary 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 One-Dimensional, Steady-State Conduction 99\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 The Plane Wall 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Temperature Distribution 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Thermal Resistance 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 The Composite Wall 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.4 Contact Resistance 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.5 Porous Media 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 An Alternative Conduction Analysis 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Radial Systems 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 The Cylinder 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 The Sphere 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Summary of One-Dimensional Conduction Results 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Conduction with Thermal Energy Generation 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 The Plane Wall 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Radial Systems 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Tabulated Solutions 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Application of Resistance Concepts 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Heat Transfer from Extended Surfaces 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 A General Conduction Analysis 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Fins of Uniform Cross-Sectional Area 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Fin Performance Parameters 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 Fins of Nonuniform Cross-Sectional Area 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.5 Overall Surface Efficiency 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Other Applications of One-Dimensional, Steady-State Conduction 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 The Bioheat Equation 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Thermoelectric Power Generation 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.3 Nanoscale Conduction 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Summary 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 Two-Dimensional, Steady-State Conduction 209\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 General Considerations and Solution Techniques 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The Method of Separation of Variables 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 The Conduction Shape Factor and the Dimensionless Conduction Heat Rate 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Finite-Difference Equations 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 The Nodal Network 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Finite-Difference Form of the Heat Equation: No Generation and Constant Properties 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Finite-Difference Form of the Heat Equation: The Energy Balance Method 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Solving the Finite-Difference Equations 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Formulation as a Matrix Equation 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Verifying the Accuracy of the Solution 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Summary 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4S.1 The Graphical Method W-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4S.1.1 Methodology of Constructing a Flux Plot W-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4S.1.2 Determination of the Heat Transfer Rate W-2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4S.1.3 The Conduction Shape Factor W-3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4S.2 The Gauss-Seidel Method: Example of Usage W-5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences W-10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems W-10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Transient Conduction 253\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 The Lumped Capacitance Method 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Validity of the Lumped Capacitance Method 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 General Lumped Capacitance Analysis 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Radiation Only 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Negligible Radiation 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Convection Only with Variable Convection Coefficient 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Additional Considerations 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Spatial Effects 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 The Plane Wall with Convection 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Exact Solution 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Approximate Solution 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Total Energy Transfer: Approximate Solution 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4 Additional Considerations 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Radial Systems with Convection 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Exact Solutions 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Approximate Solutions 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Total Energy Transfer: Approximate Solutions 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4 Additional Considerations 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 The Semi-Infinite Solid 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Objects with Constant Surface Temperatures or Surface Heat Fluxes 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.1 Constant Temperature Boundary Conditions 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.2 Constant Heat Flux Boundary Conditions 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.3 Approximate Solutions 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Periodic Heating 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Finite-Difference Methods 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.1 Discretization of the Heat Equation: The Explicit Method 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.2 Discretization of the Heat Equation: The Implicit Method 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Summary 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5S.1 Graphical Representation of One-Dimensional, Transient Conduction in the Plane Wall, Long Cylinder, and Sphere W-12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5S.2 Analytical Solutions of Multidimensional Effects W-16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences W-22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems W-22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Introduction to Convection 343\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 The Convection Boundary Layers 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 The Velocity Boundary Layer 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 The Thermal Boundary Layer 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 The Concentration Boundary Layer 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.4 Significance of the Boundary Layers 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Local and Average Convection Coefficients 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Heat Transfer 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Mass Transfer 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Laminar and Turbulent Flow 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Laminar and Turbulent Velocity Boundary Layers 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Laminar and Turbulent Thermal and Species Concentration Boundary Layers 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 The Boundary Layer Equations 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Boundary Layer Equations for Laminar Flow 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Compressible Flow 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Boundary Layer Similarity: The Normalized Boundary Layer Equations 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Boundary Layer Similarity Parameters 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Dependent Dimensionless Parameters 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Physical Interpretation of the Dimensionless Parameters 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Boundary Layer Analogies 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1 The Heat and Mass Transfer Analogy 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2 Evaporative Cooling 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.3 The Reynolds Analogy 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Summary 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6S.1 Derivation of the Convection Transfer Equations W-25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6S.1.1 Conservation of Mass W-25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6S.1.2 Newton’s Second Law of Motion W-26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6S.1.3 Conservation of Energy W-29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6S.1.4 Conservation of Species W-32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences W-36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems W-36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 External Flow 399\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 The Empirical Method 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 The Flat Plate in Parallel Flow 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Laminar Flow over an Isothermal Plate: A Similarity Solution 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Turbulent Flow over an Isothermal Plate 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Mixed Boundary Layer Conditions 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Unheated Starting Length 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.5 Flat Plates with Constant Heat Flux Conditions 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.6 Limitations on Use of Convection Coefficients 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Methodology for a Convection Calculation 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 The Cylinder in Cross Flow 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Flow Considerations 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Convection Heat and Mass Transfer 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 The Sphere 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Flow Across Banks of Tubes 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Impinging Jets 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Hydrodynamic and Geometric Considerations 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Convection Heat and Mass Transfer 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Packed Beds 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Summary 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Internal Flow 475\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Hydrodynamic Considerations 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Flow Conditions 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 The Mean Velocity 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Velocity Profile in the Fully Developed Region 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.4 Pressure Gradient and Friction Factor in Fully Developed Flow 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Thermal Considerations 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 The Mean Temperature 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Newton’s Law of Cooling 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Fully Developed Conditions 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 The Energy Balance 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 General Considerations 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Constant Surface Heat Flux 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Constant Surface Temperature 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes: Thermal Analysis and Convection Correlations 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 The Fully Developed Region 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 The Entry Region 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Temperature-Dependent Properties 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Convection Correlations: Turbulent Flow in Circular Tubes 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Convection Correlations: Noncircular Tubes and the Concentric Tube Annulus 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Heat Transfer Enhancement 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Forced Convection in Small Channels 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.1 Microscale Convection in Gases (0.1 \u003ci\u003eμ\u003c\/i\u003em ≲ \u003ci\u003eDh\u003c\/i\u003e ≲ 100 \u003ci\u003eμ\u003c\/i\u003em) 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.2 Microscale Convection in Liquids 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.3 Nanoscale Convection (D\u003ci\u003eh\u003c\/i\u003e ≲ 100 nm) 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Convection Mass Transfer 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Summary 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Free Convection 547\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Physical Considerations 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 The Governing Equations for Laminar Boundary Layers 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Similarity Considerations 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Laminar Free Convection on a Vertical Surface 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 The Effects of Turbulence 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Empirical Correlations: External Free Convection Flows 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 The Vertical Plate 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Inclined and Horizontal Plates 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.3 The Long Horizontal Cylinder 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.4 Spheres 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Free Convection Within Parallel Plate Channels 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.1 Vertical Channels 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.2 Inclined Channels 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Empirical Correlations: Enclosures 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.1 Rectangular Cavities 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.2 Concentric Cylinders 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.3 Concentric Spheres 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Combined Free and Forced Convection 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Convection Mass Transfer 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11 Summary 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 584\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Boiling and Condensation 603\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Dimensionless Parameters in Boiling and Condensation 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Boiling Modes 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Pool Boiling 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 The Boiling Curve 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Modes of Pool Boiling 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Pool Boiling Correlations 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Nucleate Pool Boiling 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Critical Heat Flux for Nucleate Pool Boiling 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Minimum Heat Flux 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Film Pool Boiling 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.5 Parametric Effects on Pool Boiling 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Forced Convection Boiling 619\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 External Forced Convection Boiling 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Two-Phase Flow 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Two-Phase Flow in Microchannels 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Condensation: Physical Mechanisms 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Laminar Film Condensation on a Vertical Plate 625\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Turbulent Film Condensation 629\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Film Condensation on Radial Systems 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Condensation in Horizontal Tubes 639\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Dropwise Condensation 640\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12 Summary 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 643\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Heat Exchangers 653\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Heat Exchanger Types 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Heat Exchanger Analysis: Use of the Log Mean Temperature Difference 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 The Parallel-Flow Heat Exchanger 660\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 The Counterflow Heat Exchanger 662\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Special Operating Conditions 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Heat Exchanger Analysis: The Effectiveness–NTU Method 670\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Definitions 670\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Effectiveness–NTU Relations 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Heat Exchanger Design and Performance Calculations 678\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Additional Considerations 687\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Summary 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11S.1 Log Mean Temperature Difference Method for Multipass and Cross-Flow Heat Exchangers W-40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11S.2 Compact Heat Exchangers W-44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences W-49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems W-50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Radiation: Processes and Properties 711\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Fundamental Concepts 712\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Radiation Heat Fluxes 715\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Radiation Intensity 717\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Mathematical Definitions 717\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Radiation Intensity and Its Relation to Emission 718\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Relation to Irradiation 723\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Relation to Radiosity for an Opaque Surface 725\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.5 Relation to the Net Radiative Flux for an Opaque Surface 726\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Blackbody Radiation 726\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 The Planck Distribution 727\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Wien’s Displacement Law 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 The Stefan–Boltzmann Law 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Band Emission 729\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Emission from Real Surfaces 736\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Absorption, Reflection, and Transmission by Real Surfaces 745\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1 Absorptivity 746\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.2 Reflectivity 747\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.3 Transmissivity 749\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.4 Special Considerations 749\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Kirchhoff’s Law 754\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 The Gray Surface 756\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Environmental Radiation 762\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.1 Solar Radiation 763\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.2 The Atmospheric Radiation Balance 765\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.3 Terrestrial Solar Irradiation 767\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Summary 770\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 774\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 774\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13 Radiation Exchange Between Surfaces 797\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 The View Factor 798\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.1 The View Factor Integral 798\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.2 View Factor Relations 799\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Blackbody Radiation Exchange 808\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Radiation Exchange Between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure 812\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Net Radiation Exchange at a Surface 813\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Radiation Exchange Between Surfaces 814\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 The Two-Surface Enclosure 820\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Two-Surface Enclosures in Series and Radiation Shields 822\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.5 The Reradiating Surface 824\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Multimode Heat Transfer 829\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Implications of the Simplifying Assumptions 832\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Radiation Exchange with Participating Media 832\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Volumetric Absorption 832\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 Gaseous Emission and Absorption 833\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Summary 837\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 838\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 839\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14 Diffusion Mass Transfer 863\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Physical Origins and Rate Equations 864\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.1 Physical Origins 864\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2 Mixture Composition 865\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.3 Fick’s Law of Diffusion 866\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.4 Mass Diffusivity 867\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Mass Transfer in Nonstationary Media 869\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Absolute and Diffusive Species Fluxes 869\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Evaporation in a Column 872\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 The Stationary Medium Approximation 877\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Conservation of Species for a Stationary Medium 877\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Conservation of Species for a Control Volume 878\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 The Mass Diffusion Equation 878\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3 Stationary Media with Specified Surface Concentrations 880\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Boundary Conditions and Discontinuous Concentrations at Interfaces 884\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 Evaporation and Sublimation 885\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.2 Solubility of Gases in Liquids and Solids 885\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.3 Catalytic Surface Reactions 890\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Mass Diffusion with Homogeneous Chemical Reactions 892\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Transient Diffusion 895\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Summary 901\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 902\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 902\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A Thermophysical Properties of Matter 911\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix B Mathematical Relations and Functions 943\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix C Thermal Conditions Associated with Uniform Energy Generation in One-Dimensional, Steady-State Systems 949\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix D The Gauss–Seidel Method 955\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix E The Convection Transfer Equations 957\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.1 Conservation of Mass 958\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.2 Newton’s Second Law of Motion 958\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.3 Conservation of Energy 959\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.4 Conservation of Species 960\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix F Boundary Layer Equations for Turbulent Flow 961\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix G An Integral Laminar Boundary Layer Solution for Parallel Flow over a Flat Plate 965\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 969\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866393948503,"sku":"9781119382911","price":47.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119382911.jpg?v=1722278442"},{"product_id":"the-architecture-of-clouds-9780198870548","title":"The Architecture of Clouds","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Architecture of Clouds describes in a visual, poetic, and personal way how clouds are related to our everyday life and the weather. It expertly details how the art and science of clouds are interconnected with straightforward scientific explanations of the meteorological context in which clouds appear and why they form, alongside in-depth descriptions of the visual and artistic aspects of clouds. The air motion dynamics, cloud microphysics and thermodynamics discussed are written in a style accessible to all readers.The clouds showcased within the text range from placid ground fog to smoothly sculpted, stationary, mountain-wave clouds to violent clouds associated with convective storms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. Clouds are classified as whether they are buoyant or not, and if they are, how deep they extend through the atmosphere. An exhaustive and impressive compilation of photos taken from all over the world, including photographs taken from satellites, are featured in each chapt","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48883861094743,"sku":"9780198870548","price":23.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198870548.jpg?v=1722529344"},{"product_id":"the-second-law-resolving-the-mystery-of-the-second-law-of-thermodynamics-2023-9781579550837","title":"The Second Law: Resolving the Mystery of the","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Wolfram Media Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886409625943,"sku":"9781579550837","price":35.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781579550837.jpg?v=1722539938"},{"product_id":"what-a-coincidence-on-unpredictability-complexity-and-the-nature-of-time-9783658406707","title":"What a Coincidence!: On Unpredictability,","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow does chance enter our world? And why is so much not predictable?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn an understandable, exciting and amusing narrative, the author takes us into the world of chemistry, quantum physics and biology. Touching on astronomy and philosophy, we witness a rewarding journey of discovery. In the process, he develops a completely new view of chance based on the laws of nature. Here, the omnipresent non-equilibrium plays an extremely decisive role, because it generates the complex structures in our world. Finally, on this basis, he presents an equally simple and captivating hypothesis on the nature of time.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis non-fiction book provides a deep insight into the fascination of research, the agonizing search for fundamental understanding, and the struggle for scientific knowledge.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChance takes its course.- Chance is everywhere.- Creativity is chance in the brain.- \"Balance is good, non-balance is bad\" - is it true?- Almost despairing of science.- The birth of chance in complex systems.- What is there when time flows, and where does it flow to?- Our perception of time.","brand":"Springer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48889199722839,"sku":"9783658406707","price":19.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783658406707.jpg?v=1722553218"},{"product_id":"applied-thermodynamics-9788122436860","title":"Applied Thermodynamics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"New Age International Pvt Ltd Publishers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48889501548887,"sku":"9788122436860","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9788122436860.jpg?v=1722554630"},{"product_id":"statistical-mechanics-entropy-order-parameters-and-complexity-9780198865254","title":"Statistical Mechanics Entropy Order Parameters","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA new and updated edition of the successful Statistical Mechanics: Entropy, Order Parameters and Complexity from 2006. Statistical mechanics is a core topic in modern physics. Innovative, fresh introduction to the broad range of topics of statistical mechanics today, by brilliant teacher and renowned researcher.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReview from previous edition Since the book treats intersections of mathematics, biology, engineering, computer science and social sciences, it will be of great help to researchers in these fields in making statistical mechanics useful and comprehensible. At the same time, the book will enrich the subject for physicists who'd like to apply their skills in other disciplines. [...] The author's style, although quite concentrated, is simple to understand, and has many lovely visual examples to accompany formal ideas and concepts, which makes the exposition live and intuitvely appealing. * Olga K. Dudko, Journal of Statistical Physics, Vol 126 *\u003cbr\u003eSethna's book provides an important service to students who want to learn modern statistical mechanics. The text teaches students how to work out problems by guiding them through the exercises rather than by presenting them with worked-out examples. * Susan Coppersmith, Physics Today, May 2007 *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface Contents List of figures What is statistical mechanics? 1.1: Quantum dice and coins 1.2: Probability distributions 1.3: Waiting time paradox 1.4: Stirling\u0026gt;'s formula 1.5: Stirling and asymptotic series 1.6: Random matrix theory 1.7: Six degrees of separation 1.8: Satisfactory map colorings 1.9: First to fail: Weibull 1.10: Emergence 1.11: Emergent vs. fundamental 1.12: Self-propelled particles 1.13: The birthday problem 1.14: Width of the height distribution 1.15: Fisher information and Cram´erDSRao 1.16: Distances in probability space Random walks and emergent properties 2.1: Random walk examples: universality and scale invariance 2.2: The diffusion equation 2.3: Currents and external forces 2.4: Solving the diffusion equation Temperature and equilibrium 3.1: The microcanonical ensemble 3.2: The microcanonical ideal gas 3.3: What is temperature? 3.4: Pressure and chemical potential 3.5: Entropy, the ideal gas, and phase-space refinements Phase-space dynamics and ergodicity 4.1: Liouville\u0026gt;'s theorem 4.2: Ergodicity Entropy 5.1: Entropy as irreversibility: engines and the heat death of the Universe 5.2: Entropy as disorder 5.3: Entropy as ignorance: information and memory Free energies 6.1: The canonical ensemble 6.2: Uncoupled systems and canonical ensembles 6.3: Grand canonical ensemble 6.4: What is thermodynamics? 6.5: Mechanics: friction and fluctuations 6.6: Chemical equilibrium and reaction rates 6.7: Free energy density for the ideal gas Quantum statistical mechanics 7.1: Mixed states and density matrices 7.2: Quantum harmonic oscillator 7.3: Bose and Fermi statistics 7.4: Non-interacting bosons and fermions 7.5: MaxwellDSBoltzmann 's regression hypothesis and time correlations 10.5: Susceptibility and linear response 10.6: Dissipation and the imaginary part 10.7: Static susceptibility 10.8: The fluctuation-dissipation theorem 10.9: Causality and KramersDSKr¨onig Abrupt phase transitions 11.1: Stable and metastable phases 11.2: Maxwell construction 11.3: Nucleation: critical droplet theory 11.4: Morphology of abrupt transitions Continuous phase transitions 12.1: Universality 12.2: Scale invariance 12.3: Examples of critical points A Appendix: Fourier methods A.1: Fourier conventions A.2: Derivatives, convolutions, and correlations A.3: Fourier methods and function space A.4: Fourier and translational symmetry References Index","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49083401634135,"sku":"9780198865254","price":36.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198865254.jpg?v=1725548822"},{"product_id":"atmospheric-thermodynamics-9780198872719","title":"Atmospheric Thermodynamics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAtmospheric Thermodynamics provides a comprehensive treatment of a subject that can often be intimidating. The text analyses real-life problems and applications of the subject, alongside of guiding the reader through the fundamental basics and covering the first and second laws and the ideal gas law, followed by an emphasis on moist processes in Earth''s atmosphere. Water in all its phases is a critical component of weather and the Earth''s climate system. With user-friendly chapters that include energy conservation and water and its transformations, the authors write with a willingness to expose assumptions and approximations usually absent in other textbooks. History is woven into the text to provide a context for the time evolution of thermodynamics and its place in atmospheric science and demonstrating how physical reasoning leads to correct explanations of everyday phenomena. Many of the experiments described were done using inexpensive instruments to take advantage of the earth''s atmosphere as a freely accessible thermodynamics library. This second edition provides updated treatments of atmospheric measurements and substantially expanded sections that include atmospheric applications of the first and second laws and energy exchange between humans and their atmospheric environment. With 400+ thought provoking problems and 350 references with annotated notes and further reading suggestions, this second edition provides a basic understanding of the fundamentals of this subject while still being a comprehensive reference guide for those working in the field of atmospheric and environmental sciences.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI've never been more excited about a book! I couldn't put it down. It's about time somebody wrote an understandable and intuitive book about thermodynamics. Bohren and Albrechts' book is really a breath of fresh air! * Glenn E. Shaw, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska *\u003cbr\u003eGiven the tremendous growth of awareness toward environmental issues, a second edition of this atmospheric physics book can only be welcomed by those in the field. The hands-on approach with topics and materials designed around practical applications can provide an effective strategy for engagement and learning even for high school and non-specialized college courses. * Raffaele Vena, Liceo Scientifico \"G. B. Scorza\", Cosenza, Italy *\u003cbr\u003eThe book is lucid yet intuitive, keen and incisive, yet written with candor, even bordering on irreverence. But it's the healthy irreverence, call it intellectual skepticism, that drives science. The authors relish dismantling common misperceptions, they gladly acknowledge how their own thinking has evolved, and they point out where open questions remain. * Raymond Shaw, Michigan Technological University *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1 INTRODUCTION: CONSERVATION OF ENERGY 1.1: Thermodynamics: A Science of Measurable Quantities 1.2: Conservation of Energy in Mechanics 1.3: Conservation of Energy: A System of Point Molecules 1.4: A Few Examples of Energy Conservation 1.5: Kinetic Energy Exchanges in Molecular Collisions 1.6: Working and Heating 1.7: Some Necessary Thermodynamic Concepts and Jargon 1.8: Thermodynamic Internal Energy and the First Law 2 IDEAL GAS LAW: PRESSURE AND ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE 2.1: Gas Pressure and Absolute Temperature: What Are They and What Are They  Not? 2.2: Pressure Decrease with Height: Continuum Approach 2.3: Pressure Decrease with Height: Molecular Interpretation 2.4: The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution of Molecular Speeds 2.5: Intermolecular Separation, Mean Free Path, and Collision Rate 2.6: Is the Pressure Gradient a Fundamental Force of Nature? 2.7: Surface Pressure and Weight of the Atmosphere 2.8: The Atmosphere Is a Mixture of Gases: Dalton's Law 3 SPECIFIC HEATS AND ENTHALPY: ADIABATIC PROCESSES 3.1: A Critique of the Mathematics of Thermodynamics 3.2: Specific Heats and Enthalpy 3.3: Adiabatic Processes: Poisson's Relations 3.4: (Dry) Adiabatic Processes in the Atmosphere 3.5: Stability and Buoyancy 3.6: Specific Heats of Gas Molecules 3.7: Heat Capacities of Mixtures of Gases 3.8: Atmospheric Applications of the First Law 3.9: Chemical Reactions and Temperature Changes 3.10: Residence Time of the Internal Kinetic Energy of Earth's Atmosphere 4 ENTROPY 4.1: Entropy of an Ideal Gas 4.2: Entropy Changes of Liquids and Isotropic Solids 4.3: Atmospheric Applications of the Second Law 5 WATER AND ITS TRANSFORMATIONS 5.1: Evaporation and Condensation of Water Vapor 5.2: Measures of Water Vapor in Air 5.3: The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation 5.4: van der Waals Equation of State 5.5: Phase Diagrams: Liquid-Vapor; Liquid-Solid-Vapor; Triple Point 5.6: Free Energy 5.7: Effect of Air Pressure on Saturation Vapor Pressure 5.8: Lowering of Vapor Pressure by Dissolution 5.9: Air in Water: Henry's Law 5.10: Size Dependence of Vapor Pressure: Water Droplets, Solution Droplets, and Bubbles 6 MOIST AIR AND CLOUDS 6.1: Precipitable Water in the Atmosphere 6.2: Lapse Rate of the Dew Point: Level of Cloud Formation 6.3: Density of Moist Air: Virtual Temperature 6.4: Wet-Bulb Temperature 6.5: Lapse Rate for Isentropic Ascent of a Saturated Parcel 6.6: Thermodynamic Diagrams 6.7: Stability and Cloud Formation 6.8: Mixing Clouds 6.9: Cloud Formation on Ascent and Descent 7 ENERGY, MOMENTUM, AND MASS TRANSFER 7.1: Energy Transfer by Thermal Conduction 7.2: Momentum Transfer: Viscosity 7.3: Mass Transfer: Diffusion Bibliography Index Free","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49083402355031,"sku":"9780198872719","price":42.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198872719.jpg?v=1725548825"},{"product_id":"quantum-stochastic-thermodynamics-9780198931584","title":"Quantum Stochastic Thermodynamics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe theory of thermodynamics has been one of the bedrocks of 19th-century physics, and thermodynamic problems have inspired Planck''s quantum hypothesis. One hundred years later, in an era where we design increasingly sophisticated nanotechnologies, researchers in quantum physics have been ''returning to their roots'', attempting to reconcile modern nanoscale devices with the theory of thermodynamics. This textbook explains how it is possible to unify the two opposite pictures of microscopic quantum physics and macroscopic thermodynamics in one consistent framework, proving that the ancient theory of thermodynamics still offers many remarkable insights into present-day problems.This textbook focuses on the microscopic derivation and understanding of key principles and concepts and their interrelation. The topics covered in this book include (quantum) stochastic processes, (quantum) master equations, local detailed balance, classical stochastic thermodynamics, (quantum) fluctuation theo","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49369153995095,"sku":"9780198931584","price":33.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198931584.jpg?v=1730128561"},{"product_id":"thermodynamics-of-magnetizing-materials-and-superconductors-9781138499935","title":"Thermodynamics of Magnetizing Materials and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book will help readers understand thermodynamic properties caused by magnetic fields. Providing a concise review of time independent magnetic fields, it goes on to discuss the thermodynamic properties of magnetizing materials of different shapes, and finally, the equilibrium properties of superconductors of different shapes and also of different sizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapters are accompanied by problems illustrating the applications of the principles to optimize and enhance understanding. This book will be of interest to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers specializing in thermodynamics, solid state physics, magnetism, and superconductivity.\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFeatures:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe first book to provide comprehensive coverage of thermodynamics in magnetic fields, only previously available, in part, in journal articles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapters include problems and worked solutions demonstrating real questions in contemporary superconductivity, such as properties of v\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Kozhevinkov’s book is a succinct and delightfully clear exposition of the fundamental thermodynamic principles underlying magnetic and superconducting materials. Each chapter concludes with a set of problems augmented by worked solutions, which will make the book very suitable for anyone trying to get to grips with this notoriously thorny subject.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e— \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eProf. Stephen Blundell\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"The book of Professor Kozhevnikov covers an important chapter of thermodynamics, which is largely underrepresented in the literature. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first monograph which consistently expounds the concepts of thermodynamics of materials in magnetic fields. In particular, it comprehensively addresses an issue of a demagnetizing factor and the forms of thermodynamic potentials appropriate for different sample\/field configurations. Significant part of the book is devoted to the superconductivity. It is distinguished in in-depth discussions of not well-covered subjects, such as the intermediate state in type-I superconductors and magnetic properties of type-II materials with non-zero demagnetizing factor. In the first chapter (Elements of magnetostatics in magnetizing media), the author discusses latest achievements in the studies of superconductivity made possible due to the most advanced methods of magnetometry, such as the muon spin rotation spectroscopy. These achievements include (but not limited to) a novel explanation of nucleation of superconductivity at high magnetic field and direct measurements of the field intensity H in type-I superconductors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is written in a clear language without mathematical excesses but with an emphasis on the physical meaning of the concepts covered. To illustrate these concepts, all chapters are accompanied by original problems with solutions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book will definitely appeal to students and instructors\/ researchers in Physics, Applied Physics, Chemistry, Material Science, and Electrical Engineering Departments. It can be used as a supplementary text in variety of courses, e.g., thermodynamics, electromagnetism, physics of condensed matter, superconductivity, and statistical physics.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e— Michail Raikh, \u003cstrong\u003eJournal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism\u003c\/strong\u003e, 2019\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntroduction. 1. Magnetic Fields in Regular Matter. 2. Thermodynamic Potentials In Magnetic Fields. 3. Diamagnetism in Superconductors. 4. Concluding remarks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49371831861591,"sku":"9781138499935","price":52.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"fundamentals-of-the-finite-element-method-for-heat-and-mass-transfer-9780470756256","title":"Fundamentals of the Finite Element Method for","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eFundamentals of the Finite Element Method for Heat and Mass Transfer, Second Edition \u003c\/i\u003eis a comprehensively updated new edition and is a unique book on the application of the finite element method to heat and mass transfer.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Addresses fundamentals, applications and computer implementation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Educational computer codes are freely available to download, modify and use\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Includes a large number of worked examples and exercises\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Fills the gap between learning and research\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xii \u003cp\u003eSeries Editor’s Preface xiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Importance of Heat and Mass Transfer 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Heat Transfer Modes 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The Laws of Heat Transfer 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Mathematical Formulation of Some Heat Transfer Problems 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Heat Transfer from a Plate Exposed to Solar Heat Flux  5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Incandescent Lamp  7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Systems with a Relative Motion and Internal Heat Generation  8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Heat Conduction Equation  10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Mass Transfer 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Boundary and Initial Conditions 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Solution Methodology 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Summary 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Exercises 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences  17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Some Basic Discrete Systems 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Steady-state Problems  20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Heat Flow in a Composite Slab 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Fluid Flow Network 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Heat Transfer in Heat Sinks 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Transient Heat Transfer Problem 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Summary 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Exercises 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences  36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The Finite Element Method 39\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Elements and Shape Functions  42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 One-dimensional Linear Element  43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 One-dimensional Quadratic Element 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Two-dimensional Linear Triangular Element 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Area Coordinates 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Quadratic Triangular Element 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6 Two-dimensional Quadrilateral Elements 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.7 Isoparametric Elements 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.8 Three-dimensional Elements 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Formulation (Element Characteristics) 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Ritz Method (Heat Balance Integral Method – Goodman’s Method) 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Rayleigh–Ritz Method (Variational Method) 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 The Method of Weighted Residuals 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Galerkin Finite ElementMethod 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Formulation for the Heat Conduction Equation 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Variational Approach 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 The GalerkinMethod 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Requirements for Interpolation Functions 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Summary 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Exercises 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Steady-State Heat Conduction in One-dimension 105\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 PlaneWalls 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Homogeneous Wall 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 CompositeWall 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Finite Element Discretization 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Wall with Varying Cross-sectional Area 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Plane Wall with a Heat Source: Solution by Linear Elements 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6 Plane Wall with Heat Source: Solution by Quadratic Elements 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.7 Plane Wall with a Heat Source: Solution by Modified Quadratic Equations (Static Condensation) 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Radial Heat Conduction in a Cylinder Wall 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Solid Cylinder with Heat Source 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Conduction – Convection Systems 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Summary 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Exercises 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Steady-state Heat Conduction in Multi-dimensions 131\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Two-dimensional Plane Problems 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Triangular Elements 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Rectangular Elements 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Plate with Variable Thickness 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Three-dimensional Problems 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Axisymmetric Problems 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Galerkin Method for Linear Triangular Axisymmetric Elements 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Summary 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Exercises 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Transient Heat Conduction Analysis 157\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Lumped Heat Capacity System 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Numerical Solution 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Transient Governing Equations and Boundary and Initial Conditions 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 The GalerkinMethod 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 One-dimensional Transient State Problem 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Time Discretization-Finite Difference Method (FDM) 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Time Discretization-Finite ElementMethod (FEM) 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Stability 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Multi-dimensional Transient Heat Conduction 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Summary 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Exercises 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Laminar Convection Heat Transfer 175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Types of Fluid Motion Assisted Heat Transport 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Navier-Stokes Equations 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Conservation of Mass or Continuity Equation 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Conservation ofMomentum 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Energy Equation 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Nondimensional Form of the Governing Equations 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 The Transient Convection-Diffusion Problem 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Finite Element Solution to the Convection-Diffusion Equation 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 A Simple Characteristic Galerkin Method for Convection-Diffusion Equation 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Extension to Multi-dimensions 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Stability Conditions 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Characteristic Based Split (CBS) Scheme 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Spatial Discretization 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Time-step Calculation 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 Boundary and Initial Conditions 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4 Steady and Transient Solution Methods 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Artificial Compressibility Scheme 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Nusselt Number, Drag and Stream Function 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.1 Nusselt Number 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.2 Drag Calculation 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.3 Stream Function 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Mesh Convergence 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Laminar Isothermal Flow 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Laminar Nonisothermal Flow 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.1 Forced Convection Heat Transfer 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.2 Buoyancy-driven Convection Heat Transfer 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.3 Mixed Convection Heat Transfer 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Extension to Axisymmetric Problems 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13 Summary 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14 Exercises 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer 253\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Time Averaging 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Relationship between 𝜅, 𝜖, 𝜈T and 𝛼T 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Treatment of Turbulent Flows 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 One-equation Models 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Two-equation Models 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Nondimensional Form of the Governing Equations 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Solution Procedure 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Forced Convective Flow and Heat Transfer 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Buoyancy-driven Flow 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Other Methods for Turbulence 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Large Eddy Simulation (LES) 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) and Monotonically Integrated LES (MILES)278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Summary 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Heat Exchangers 281\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 LMTD and Effectiveness-NTU Methods 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 LMTD Method 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Effectiveness – NTU Method 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Computational Approaches 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 System Analysis 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Finite Element Solution to Differential Equations 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Analysis of Heat Exchanger Passages . 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Challenges 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Summary 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Mass Transfer 301\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Conservation of Species 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Nondimensional Form 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Buoyancy-driven Mass Transfer 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Double-diffusive Natural Convection 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Numerical Solution 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 TurbulentMass Transport 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Summary  319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Convection Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media 321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Generalized Porous Medium Flow Approach 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Nondimensional Scales 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Limiting Cases 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Discretization Procedure 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Temporal Discretization 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Spatial Discretization 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Semi- and Quasi-Implicit Forms 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Nonisothermal Flows 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 PorousMedium-Fluid Interface 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Double-diffusive Convection 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Summary 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Solidification 353\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Solidification via Heat Conduction 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 The Governing Equations 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Enthalpy Formulation 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Convection During Solidification 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Governing Equations and Discretization 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Summary 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Heat and Mass Transfer in Fuel Cells 365\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.1 Fuel Cell Types 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Mathematical Model 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Anodic and Cathodic Compartments 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Electrolyte Compartment 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Numerical Solution Algorithms 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Finite ElementModeling of SOFC 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Summary  378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 An Introduction to Mesh Generation and Adaptive Finite Element Methods 379\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Mesh Generation 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Advancing Front Technique (AFT) 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Delaunay Triangulation 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Mesh Cosmetics 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Boundary Grid Generation 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Boundary Grid for a Planar Domain 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 NURBS Patches 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Adaptive Refinement Methods 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Simple Error Estimation and Mesh Refinement 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 Heat Conduction 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Interpolation Error Based Refinement 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.1 Anisotropic Adaptive Procedure 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.2 Choice of Variables and Adaptivity 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Summary 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Implementation of Computer Code 405\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Preprocessing 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Mesh Generation 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Linear Triangular Element Data 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Element Area Calculation 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Shape Functions and Their Derivatives 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5 Boundary Normal Calculation 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.6 MassMatrix and Mass Lumping 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.7 Implicit Pressure or Heat Conduction Matrix 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Main Unit 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Time-step Calculation 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Element Loop and Assembly 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Updating Solution 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.4 Boundary Conditions 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.5 Monitoring Steady State 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Postprocessing 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Interpolation of Data 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Summary 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Gaussian Elimination 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB Green’s Lemma 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC Integration Formulae 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.1 Linear Triangles  429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2 Linear Tetrahedron 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD Finite Element Assembly Procedure 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE Simplified Form of the Navier–Stokes Equations 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF Calculating Nodal Values of Second Derivatives 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 439\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402427343191,"sku":"9780470756256","price":79.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470756256.jpg?v=1730480367"},{"product_id":"convection-heat-transfer-9780470900376","title":"Convection Heat Transfer","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA new edition of the bestseller on convection heat transfer\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA revised edition of the industry classic, \u003ci\u003eConvection Heat Transfer, Fourth Edition,\u003c\/i\u003e chronicles how the field of heat transfer has grown and prospered over the last two decades. This new edition is more accessible, while not sacrificing its thorough treatment of the most up-to-date information on current research and applications in the field.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne of the foremost leaders in the field, Adrian Bejan has pioneered and taught many of the methods and practices commonly used in the industry today. He continues this book''s long-standing role as an inspiring, optimal study tool by providing:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCoverage of how convection affects performance, and how convective flows can be configured so that performance is enhanced\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eHow convective configurations have been evolving, from the flat plates, smooth pipes, and single-dimension fins of the earlier editions to new populations of configurations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is very useful for students, practicing engineers, and for researchers. It is highly recommended (Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, September 2014)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface xv  \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Third Edition xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the First Edition xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Fundamental Principles 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Mass Conservation \/ 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Force Balances (Momentum Equations) \/ 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 First Law of Thermodynamics \/ 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Second Law of Thermodynamics \/ 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Rules of Scale Analysis \/ 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Heatlines for Visualizing Convection \/ 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences \/ 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems \/ 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Laminar Boundary Layer Flow 30\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Fundamental Problem in Convective Heat Transfer \/ 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Concept of Boundary Layer \/ 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Scale Analysis \/ 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Integral Solutions \/ 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Similarity Solutions \/ 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Method \/ 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Flow Solution \/ 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Heat Transfer Solution \/ 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Other Wall Heating Conditions \/ 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Unheated Starting Length \/ 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Arbitrary Wall Temperature \/ 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Uniform Heat Flux \/ 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.4 Film Temperature \/ 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Longitudinal Pressure Gradient: Flow Past a Wedge and Stagnation Flow \/ 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Flow Through the Wall: Blowing and Suction \/ 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Conduction Across a Solid Coating Deposited on a Wall \/ 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Entropy Generation Minimization in Laminar Boundary Layer Flow \/ 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Heatlines in Laminar Boundary Layer Flow \/ 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Distribution of Heat Sources on a Wall Cooled by Forced Convection \/ 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 The Flow of Stresses \/ 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences \/ 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems \/ 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Laminar Duct Flow 96\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Hydrodynamic Entrance Length \/ 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Fully Developed Flow \/ 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Hydraulic Diameter and Pressure Drop \/ 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Heat Transfer To Fully Developed Duct Flow \/ 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Mean Temperature \/ 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Fully Developed Temperature Profile \/ 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Uniform Wall Heat Flux \/ 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Uniform Wall Temperature \/ 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Heat Transfer to Developing Flow \/ 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Scale Analysis \/ 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Thermally Developing Hagen–Poiseuille Flow \/ 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Thermally and Hydraulically Developing Flow \/ 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Stack of Heat-Generating Plates \/ 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Heatlines in Fully Developed Duct Flow \/ 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Duct Shape for Minimum Flow Resistance \/ 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Tree-Shaped Flow \/ 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences \/ 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems \/ 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 External Natural Convection 168\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Natural Convection as a Heat Engine in Motion \/ 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Laminar Boundary Layer Equations \/ 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Scale Analysis \/ 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 High-Pr Fluids \/ 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Low-Pr Fluids \/ 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Observations \/ 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Integral Solution \/ 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 High-Pr Fluids \/ 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Low-Pr Fluids \/ 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Similarity Solution \/ 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Uniform Wall Heat Flux \/ 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Effect of Thermal Stratification \/ 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Conjugate Boundary Layers \/ 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Vertical Channel Flow \/ 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Combined Natural and Forced Convection (Mixed Convection) \/ 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Heat Transfer Results Including the Effect of Turbulence \/ 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.1 Vertical Walls \/ 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.2 Inclined Walls \/ 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.3 Horizontal Walls \/ 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.4 Horizontal Cylinder \/ 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.5 Sphere \/ 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.6 Vertical Cylinder \/ 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.7 Other Immersed Bodies \/ 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Stack of Vertical Heat-Generating Plates \/ 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 Distribution of Heat Sources on a Vertical Wall \/ 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences \/ 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems \/ 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Internal Natural Convection 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Transient Heating from the Side \/ 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Scale Analysis \/ 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Criterion for Distinct Vertical Layers \/ 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Criterion for Distinct Horizontal Jets \/ 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Boundary Layer Regime \/ 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Shallow Enclosure Limit \/ 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Summary of Results for Heating from the Side \/ 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Isothermal Sidewalls \/ 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Sidewalls with Uniform Heat Flux \/ 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Partially Divided Enclosures \/ 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Triangular Enclosures \/ 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Enclosures Heated from Below \/ 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Heat Transfer Results \/ 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Scale Theory of the Turbulent Regime \/ 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Constructal Theory of B´enard Convection \/ 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Inclined Enclosures \/ 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Annular Space Between Horizontal Cylinders \/ 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Annular Space Between Concentric Spheres \/ 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Enclosures for Thermal Insulation and Mechanical\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrength \/ 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences \/ 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems \/ 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Transition to Turbulence 295\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Empirical Transition Data \/ 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Scaling Laws of Transition \/ 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Buckling of Inviscid Streams \/ 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Local Reynolds Number Criterion for Transition \/ 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Instability of Inviscid Flow \/ 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Transition in Natural Convection on a Vertical Wall \/ 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences \/ 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems \/ 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow 320\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Large-Scale Structure \/ 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Time-Averaged Equations \/ 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Boundary Layer Equations \/ 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Mixing Length Model \/ 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Velocity Distribution \/ 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Wall Friction in Boundary Layer Flow \/ 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Heat Transfer in Boundary Layer Flow \/ 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Theory of Heat Transfer in Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow \/ 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Other External Flows \/ 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.1 Single Cylinder in Cross Flow \/ 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.2 Sphere \/ 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.3 Other Body Shapes \/ 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.4 Arrays of Cylinders in Cross Flow \/ 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Natural Convection Along Vertical Walls \/ 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences \/ 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems \/ 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Turbulent Duct Flow 369\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Velocity Distribution \/ 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Friction Factor and Pressure Drop \/ 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Heat Transfer Coefficient \/ 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Total Heat Transfer Rate \/ 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Isothermal Wall \/ 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Uniform Wall Heating \/ 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Time-Dependent Heat Transfer \/ 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 More Refined Turbulence Models \/ 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Heatlines in Turbulent Flow Near a Wall \/ 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Channel Spacings for Turbulent Flow \/ 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences \/ 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems \/ 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Free Turbulent Flows 398\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Free Shear Layers \/ 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Free Turbulent Flow Model \/ 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Velocity Distribution \/ 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Structure of Free Turbulent Flows \/ 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.4 Temperature Distribution \/ 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Jets \/ 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Two-Dimensional Jets \/ 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Round Jets \/ 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Jet in Density-Stratified Reservoir \/ 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Plumes \/ 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Round Plume and the Entrainment Hypothesis \/ 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Pulsating Frequency of Pool Fires \/ 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Geometric Similarity of Free Turbulent Flows \/ 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Thermal Wakes Behind Concentrated Sources \/ 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences \/ 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems \/ 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Convection with Change of Phase 428\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Condensation \/ 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Laminar Film on a Vertical Surface \/ 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Turbulent Film on a Vertical Surface \/ 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Film Condensation in Other Configurations \/ 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.4 Drop Condensation \/ 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Boiling \/ 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Pool Boiling Regimes \/ 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Nucleate Boiling and Peak Heat Flux \/ 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Film Boiling and Minimum Heat Flux \/ 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Flow Boiling \/ 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Contact Melting and Lubrication \/ 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Plane Surfaces with Relative Motion \/ 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Other Contact Melting Configurations \/ 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Scale Analysis and Correlation \/ 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Melting Due to Viscous Heating in the Liquid Film \/ 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Melting By Natural Convection \/ 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Transition from the Conduction Regime to the Convection Regime \/ 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Quasisteady Convection Regime \/ 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Horizontal Spreading of the Melt Layer \/ 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences \/ 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems \/ 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Mass Transfer 489\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Properties of Mixtures \/ 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Mass Conservation \/ 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Mass Diffusivities \/ 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Boundary Conditions \/ 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Laminar Forced Convection \/ 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Impermeable Surface Model \/ 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Other External Forced Convection Configurations \/ 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Internal Forced Convection \/ 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Natural Convection \/ 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9.1 Mass-Transfer-Driven Flow \/ 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9.2 Heat-Transfer-Driven Flow \/ 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Turbulent Flow \/ 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10.1 Time-Averaged Concentration Equation \/ 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10.2 Forced Convection Results \/ 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10.3 Contaminant Removal from a Ventilated Enclosure \/ 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Massfunction and Masslines \/ 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Effect of Chemical Reaction \/ 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences \/ 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems \/ 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Convection in Porous Media 537\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Mass Conservation \/ 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Darcy Flow Model and the Forchheimer Modification \/ 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 First Law of Thermodynamics \/ 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Second Law of Thermodynamics \/ 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Forced Convection \/ 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Boundary Layers \/ 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Concentrated Heat Sources \/ 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Sphere and Cylinder in Cross Flow \/ 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.4 Channel Filled with Porous Medium \/ 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Natural Convection Boundary Layers \/ 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1 Boundary Layer Equations: Vertical Wall \/ 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.2 Uniform Wall Temperature \/ 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.3 Uniform Wall Heat Flux \/ 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.4 Spacings for Channels Filled with Porous Structures \/ 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.5 Conjugate Boundary Layers \/ 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.6 Thermal Stratification \/ 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.7 Sphere and Horizontal Cylinder \/ 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.8 Horizontal Walls \/ 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.9 Concentrated Heat Sources \/ 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Enclosed Porous Media Heated from the Side \/ 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.1 Four Heat Transfer Regimes \/ 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.2 Convection Results \/ 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Penetrative Convection \/ 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.1 Lateral Penetration \/ 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.2 Vertical Penetration \/ 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Enclosed Porous Media Heated from Below \/ 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.1 Onset of Convection \/ 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.2 Darcy Flow \/ 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.3 Forchheimer Flow \/ 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Multiple Flow Scales Distributed Nonuniformly \/ 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.1 Heat Transfer \/ 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.2 Fluid Friction \/ 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.3 Heat Transfer Rate Density: The Smallest Scale for Convection \/ 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 Natural Porous Media: Alternating Trees \/ 592\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences \/ 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems \/ 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendixes 607\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Constants and Conversion Factors \/ 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB Properties of Solids \/ 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC Properties of Liquids \/ 625\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD Properties of Gases \/ 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE Mathematical Formulas \/ 639\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthor Index 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubject Index 653\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402453360983,"sku":"9780470900376","price":122.4,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470900376.jpg?v=1730480445"},{"product_id":"interfaces-in-materials-9780471138303","title":"Interfaces in Materials","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA thorough exploration of the atomic structures and properties ofthe essential engineering interfaces--an invaluable resourcefor students, teachers, and professionals\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The most up-to-date, accessible guide to solid-vapor,solid-liquid, and solid-solid phase transformations, thisinnovative book contains the only unified treatment of these threecentral engineering interfaces. Employing a simple nearest-neighborbroken-bond model, Interfaces in Materials focuses on metal alloysin a straightforward approach that can be easily extended to alltypes of interfaces and materials. Enhanced with nearly 300illustrations, along with extensive references and suggestions forfurther reading, this book provides:\u003cbr\u003e * A simple, cohesive approach to understanding the atomicstructure and properties of interfaces formed between solid,liquid, and vapor phases\u003cbr\u003e * Self-contained discussions of each interface--allowingseparate study of each phase transformation\u003cbr\u003e * A comparative look at the differe\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eINTRODUCTORY MATERIAL.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Atomic Bonding.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Regular Solution (Quasi-Chemical) Model.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e SOLID-VAPOR INTERFACES.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Surface Energy.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Surface Structure.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Crystal Growth from the Vapor.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Systems and SurfaceSegregation.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Surface Films.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACES.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Liquids.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Interfacial Structure and Energy.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Crystal Growth from the Liquid.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Solute Partitioning and Morphological Stability.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e SOLID-SOLID INTERFACES.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Introduction to Solid-Solid Interfaces.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Structure and Energy of Homophase Interfaces.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Structure and Energy of Heterophase Interfaces.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Growth of Solid-Solid Heterophase Interfaces.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Morphological Stability and Segregation.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e References and Additional Reading.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendices.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402496680279,"sku":"9780471138303","price":178.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471138303.jpg?v=1730480588"},{"product_id":"traceable-temperatures-9780471492917","title":"Traceable Temperatures","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe accurate measurement of temperature is a vital parameter in many fields. A critically important aspect of applying any temperature sensor is that of traceable calibration - a concept that has been developed to ensure that all measurements made are accurate and legally valid.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface to First Edition.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Preface to Second Edition.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e General Reading for First Edition.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Acknowledgements for First Edition.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Acknowledgements for Figures and Tables.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e 1. Measurement and Traceability.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e 2. Uncertainty in Measurement.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e 3.The ITS-90 Temperature Scale.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e 4. Use of Thermometers.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e 5. Calibration.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e 6. Platinum Resistance Thermometry.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e 7. Liquid-in-Glass Thermometry.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e 8. Thermocouple Thermometry.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e 9. Radiation Thermometry.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendix A: Further Information for Least-Squares Fitting.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendix B: The Differences Between ITS-90 and IPTS-68.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendix C: Resistance Thermometer Reference Tables.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendix D: Thermocouple Reference Tables.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402614219095,"sku":"9780471492917","price":162.85,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471492917.jpg?v=1730480972"},{"product_id":"temperature-measurement-9780471867791","title":"Temperature Measurement","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe accurate measurement of temperature is a vital parameter in many fields of engineering and scientific practice. Responding to emerging trends, this classic reference has been fully revised to include coverage of the latest instrumentation and measurement methods.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTemperature Scales and Classification of Thermometers\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Non-Electric Thermometers\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Thermoelectric Thermometers\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Resistance Thermometers\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Semiconductor Thermometers\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Fibre Optic Thermometers\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Quartz, Ultrasonic and Noise Thermometers and Distributed Parameter Sensors\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Pyrometers Classification and Radiation Laws\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Manually Operated Pyrometers\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Automatic Pyrometers\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Practical Applications of Pyrometers\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Conditioning of Temperature Sensor Output Signals\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Computerised Temperature Measuring Systems\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Imaging of Temperature Fields of Solids\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Dynamic Temperature Measuement\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Temperature Measurment of Solid Bodies by Contact Method\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Temperature Measurement of Fluids\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Temperature Measurment of Transparent Solid Bodies\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Temperature Measurement of Moving Bodies\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Temperature Measurement in Industral Appliances\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Temperature Measurement in Medicine\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Calibration and Testing of Temperature Measuring Instruments\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Auxiliary Tables\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Author and Organisation Index\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Subject Index","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402680705367,"sku":"9780471867791","price":270.86,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471867791.jpg?v=1730481213"},{"product_id":"thermodynamics-of-irreversible-processes-9780471948445","title":"Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermodynamics of irreversible Processes provides a thoroughtreatment of the basic axioms of irreversible systems and dealswith specific applications to diffusion of liquids and matter inflow. This volume will prove to be invaluable reading for anyoneworking in the field of irreversible phenomena. Thermodynamics ofIrreversible Processes, presents :-\u003cbr\u003e * A lucid review of classical thermodynamics\u003cbr\u003e * Rigorous derivations of the fundamental principles ofirreversible thermodynamics\u003cbr\u003e * In-depth studies of multicomponent diffusion, with applicationsto non-ideal systems\u003cbr\u003e * Thorough treatments of relaxation phenomena and linearviscoelasticity\u003cbr\u003e * An essential text for anyone working with irreversiblethermodynamics, rheology and multi-component mixtures\u003cbr\u003e Thermodynamics of irreversible Processes is the first advanced textdealing with the applications of irreversible thermodynamics tomulticomponent diffusion and viscoelasticity. Gerard Kuiken haswritten a book which will appeal to\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Continuum View of Matter.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Classical Thermodynamics.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Basic Axioms of the TIP.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Multicomponent Simple Fluids.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Statistical Foundation of the Onsager Casimir Reciprocal Relationsfor Homogeneous Systems.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Multicomponent Diffusion.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Rheology.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendices.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Indexes.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402688340311,"sku":"9780471948445","price":221.36,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471948445.jpg?v=1730481239"},{"product_id":"the-dynamics-of-partially-molten-rock-9780691176567","title":"The Dynamics of Partially Molten Rock","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Princeton University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49403847770455,"sku":"9780691176567","price":63.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780691176567.jpg?v=1730484708"},{"product_id":"statistical-and-thermal-physics-9780691201894","title":"Statistical and Thermal Physics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Princeton University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49403886305623,"sku":"9780691201894","price":71.4,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780691201894.jpg?v=1730484801"},{"product_id":"statistical-thermodynamics-9781118305119","title":"Statistical Thermodynamics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis textbook introduces chemistry and chemical engineering students to molecular descriptions of thermodynamics, chemical systems, and biomolecules.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eEquips students with the ability to apply the method to their own systems, as today''s research is microscopic and molecular and articles are written in that language\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides ample illustrations and tables to describe rather difficult concepts\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMakes use of plots (charts) to help students understand the mathematics necessary for the contents\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes practice problems and answers\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymbols and Constants xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Classical Thermodynamics and Statistical Thermodynamics 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Examples of Results Obtained from Statistical Thermodynamics 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Heat Capacity of Gas of Diatomic Molecules 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Heat Capacity of a Solid 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Blackbody Radiation 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Adsorption 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Helix–Coil Transition 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.6 Boltzmann Factor 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Practices of Notation 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Review of Probability Theory 9\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Probability 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Discrete Distributions 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Binomial Distribution 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Poisson Distribution 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Multinomial Distribution 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Continuous Distributions 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Uniform Distribution 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Exponential Distribution 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Normal Distribution 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Distribution of a Dihedral Angle 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Means and Variances 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Discrete Distributions 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Continuous Distributions 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Central Limit Theorem 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Uncertainty 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Energy and Interactions 35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy of Atoms and Ions 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Kinetic Energy 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Gravitational Potential 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Ion in an Electric Field 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.4 Total Energy of Atoms and Ions 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy of Diatomic Molecules 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Kinetic Energy (Translation, Rotation, Vibration) 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Dipolar Potential 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.1 Potential of a Permanent Dipole 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.2 Potential of an Induced Dipole 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Kinetic Energy of Polyatomic Molecules 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Linear Polyatomic Molecule 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Nonlinear Polyatomic Molecule 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Interactions Between Molecules 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Excluded-Volume Interaction 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Coulomb Interaction 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Dipole–Dipole Interaction 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 van der Waals Interaction 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Lennard-Jones Potential 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Energy as an Extensive Property 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Kinetic Energy of a Gas Molecule in Quantum Mechanics 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Quantization of Translational Energy 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Quantization of Rotational Energy 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Quantization of Vibrational Energy 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 Electronic Energy Levels 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.5 Comparison of Energy Level Spacings 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Statistical Mechanics 69\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Basic Assumptions, Microcanonical Ensembles, and Canonical Ensembles 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Basic Assumptions 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Microcanonical Ensembles 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Canonical Ensembles 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Probability Distribution in Canonical Ensembles and Partition Functions 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Probability Distribution 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Partition Function for a System with Discrete States 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Partition Function for a System with Continuous States 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Energy Levels and States 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Internal Energy 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Identification of 𝛽 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Equipartition Law 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Other Thermodynamic Functions 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Another View of Entropy 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Fluctuations of Energy 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Grand Canonical Ensembles 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Cumulants of Energy 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Canonical Ensemble of Gas Molecules 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Velocity of Gas Molecules 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Heat Capacity of a Classical Gas 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Point Mass 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Rigid Dumbbell 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Elastic Dumbbell 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Heat Capacity of a Quantum-Mechanical Gas 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 General Formulas 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Translation 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Rotation 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Vibration 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Comparison with Classical Models 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Distribution of Rotational Energy Levels 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Conformations of a Molecule 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Indistinguishable Particles 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Distinguishable Particles and Indistinguishable Particles 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Partition Function of Indistinguishable Particles 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 System of Distinguishable Particles 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 System of Indistinguishable Particles 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Condition of Nondegeneracy 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Significance of Division by N! 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Gas in a Two-Part Box 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Chemical Potential 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Mixture of Two Gases 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Indistinguishability and Center-of-Mass Movement 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Open System of Gas 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Imperfect Gas 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Virial Expansion 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Molecular Expression of Interaction in the Canonical Ensemble 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Second Virial Coefficients in Different Models 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Hard-Core Repulsion Only 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Square-well Potential 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Lennard-Jones Potential 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Joule–Thomson Effect 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Rubber Elasticity 175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Rubber 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Polymer Chain in One Dimension 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Polymer Chain in Three Dimensions 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Network of Springs 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Law of Mass Action 189\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Reaction of Two Monatomic Molecules 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Decomposition of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Isomerization 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Method of the Steepest Descent 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Adsorption 201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Adsorption Phenomena 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Langmuir Isotherm 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 BET Isotherm 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Dissociative Adsorption 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Interaction Between Adsorbed Molecules 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Ising Model 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Model 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Partition Function 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 One-Dimensional Ising Model 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Calculating Statistical Averages 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2.1 Average Number of Up Spins 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2.2 Average of the Number of Spin Alterations (Number of Domains – 1) 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2.3 Domain Size 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2.4 Size of a Domain of Uniform Spins 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 A Few Examples of 1D Ising Model 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3.1 Linear Ising Model, N = 3 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3.2 Ring Ising Model, N = 3 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3.3 Ring Ising Model, N = 4 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Mean-FieldTheories 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Bragg–Williams (B–W) Approximation 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Flory–Huggins (F–H) Approximation 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Approximation by a Mean-Field (MF) Theory 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Exact Solution of 1D Ising Model 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 General Formula 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Large-N Approximation 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Exact Partition Function for Arbitrary N 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4 Ring Ising Model, Arbitrary N 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.5 Comparison of the Exact Results with Those of Mean-Field Approximations 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Variations of the Ising Model 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 System of Uniform Spins 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Random Local Fields of Opposite Directions 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3 Dilute Local Fields 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Helical Polymer 263\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Helix-Forming Polymer 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Optical Rotation and Circular Dichroism 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Pristine Poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Variations to the Helical Polymer 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Copolymer of Chiral and Achiral Isocyanate Monomers 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Copolymer of R- and S-Enantiomers of Isocyanate 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Helix–Coil Transition 277\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Historical Background 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Polypeptides 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Zimm–Bragg Model 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Regular Solutions 291\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Binary Mixture of Equal-Size Molecules 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.1 Free Energy of Mixing 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2 Derivatives of the Free Energy of Mixing 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.3 Phase Separation 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Binary Mixture of Molecules of Different Sizes 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A Mathematics 315\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Hyperbolic Functions 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Series 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 Binomial Theorem and Trinomial Theorem 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4 Stirling’s formula 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5 Integrals 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.6 Error Functions 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.7 Gamma Functions 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406848926039,"sku":"9781118305119","price":73.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118305119.jpg?v=1730497331"},{"product_id":"thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics-9781118501009","title":"Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis textbook brings together the fundamentals of the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of thermal physics by presenting thermodynamics and statistical mechanics as complementary theories based on small numbers of postulates.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Elements of Thermal Physics 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Fundamentals 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 PVT Systems 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Equilibrium States 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Processes and Heat 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Temperature 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Size Dependence 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Heat Capacity and Specific Heat 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. First Law of Thermodynamics 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Work 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Heat 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 The First Law 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Applications 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Properties and Partial Derivatives 27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Conventions 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Equilibrium Properties 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Relationships between Properties 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Series Expansions 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Summary 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Processes in Gases 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Ideal Gases 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Temperature Change with Elevation 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Cyclic Processes 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Heat Engines 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Phase Transitions 61\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Latent Heats 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Van der Waals Model 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Classification of Phase Transitions 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Reversible and Irreversible Processes 75\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Idealization and Reversibility 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Nonequilibrium Processes and Irreversibility 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Electrical Systems 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Heat Conduction 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Foundations of Thermodynamics 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. Second Law of Thermodynamics 91\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Energy, Heat, and Reversibility 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Cyclic Processes 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Carnot Cycles 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Absolute Temperature 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Applications 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. Temperature Scales and Absolute Zero 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Temperature Scales 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Uniform Scales and Absolute Zero 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Other Temperature Scales 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. State Space and Differentials 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Spaces 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Differentials 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Exact Versus Inexact Differentials 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Integrating Differentials 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Differentials in Thermodynamics 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Discussion and Summary 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. Entropy 139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Definition of Entropy 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Clausius’ Theorem 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Entropy Principle 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Entropy and Irreversibility 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Useful Energy 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 The Third Law 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Unattainability of Absolute Zero 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10.A. Entropy Statement of the Second Law 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11. Consequences of Existence of Entropy 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Differentials of Entropy and Energy 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Ideal Gases 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Relationships Between CV, CP, BT , BS, and αV 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Clapeyron’s Equation 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Maximum Entropy, Equilibrium, and Stability 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Mixing 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12. Thermodynamic Potentials 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Internal Energy 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Free Energies 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Properties From Potentials 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Systems in Contact with a Heat Reservoir 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Minimum Free Energy 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 12.A. Derivatives of Potentials 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13. Phase Transitions and Open Systems 201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Two-Phase Equilibrium 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Chemical Potential 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Multi-Component Systems 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Gibbs Phase Rule 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Chemical Reactions 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14. Dielectric and Magnetic Systems 219\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Dielectrics 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Magnetic Materials 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Critical Phenomena 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Statistical Thermodynamics 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15. Molecular Models 237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Microscopic Descriptions 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Gas Pressure 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Equipartition of Energy 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Internal Energy of Solids 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Inactive Degrees of Freedom 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Microscopic Significance of Heat 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16. Kinetic Theory of Gases 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Velocity Distribution 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Combinatorics 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Method of Undetermined Multipliers 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Maxwell Distribution 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Mean-Free-Path 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 16.A. Quantum Distributions 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17. Microscopic Significance of Entropy 273\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Boltzmann Entropy 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Ideal Gas 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Statistical Interpretation 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Thermodynamic Properties 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Boltzmann Factors 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 17.A. Evaluation of I3N 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV Statistical Mechanics I 289\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18. Ensembles 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Probabilities and Averages 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Two-Level Systems 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Information Theory 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Equilibrium Ensembles 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Canonical Thermodynamics 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Composite Systems 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 18.A. Uniqueness Theorem 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19. Partition Function 311\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Hamiltonians and Phase Space 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Model Hamiltonians 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Classical Canonical Ensemble 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Thermodynamic Properties and Averages 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Ideal Gases 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Harmonic Solids 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20. Quantum Systems 331\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Energy Eigenstates 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Quantum Canonical Ensemble 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Ideal Gases 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Einstein Model 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Classical Approximation 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 20.A. Ideal Gas Eigenstates 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21. Independent Particles and Paramagnetism 349\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Averages 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Statistical Independence 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Classical Systems 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Paramagnetism 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Spin Systems 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Classical Dipoles 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 21.A. Negative Temperature 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22. Fluctuations and Energy Distributions 371\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Standard Deviation 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Energy Fluctuations 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Gibbs Paradox 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Microcanonical Ensemble 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Comparison of Ensembles 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23. Generalizations and Diatomic Gases 393\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Generalized Coordinates 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Diatomic Gases 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Quantum Effects 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Density Matrices 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Canonical Ensemble 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 23.A. Classical Approximation 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart V Statistical Mechanics II 415\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24. Photons and Phonons 417\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Plane Wave Eigenstates 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Photons 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Harmonic Approximation 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Phonons 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25. Grand Canonical Ensemble 435\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Thermodynamics of Open Systems 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Grand Canonical Ensemble 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Properties and Fluctuations 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Ideal Gases 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26. Fermions and Bosons 445\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Identical Particles 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 Exchange Symmetry 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein Statistics 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 26.A. Fermions in the Canonical Ensemble 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27. Fermi and Bose Gases 461\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 Ideal Gases 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 Fermi Gases 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 Low Temperature Heat Capacity 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 Bose Gases 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28. Interacting Systems 475\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1 Ising Model 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2 Nonideal Gases 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29. Computer Simulations 489\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1 Averages 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2 Virial Formula for Pressure 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3 Simulation Algorithms 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA. Mathematical Relations, Constants, and Properties 501\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Partial Derivatives 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Integrals and Series 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 Taylor Series 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4 Hyperbolic Functions 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5 Fundamental Constants 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.6 Conversion Factors 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.7 Useful Formulas 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.8 Properties of Water 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.9 Properties of Materials 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnswers to Problems 505\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eIndex 509\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406880579927,"sku":"9781118501009","price":49.35,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118501009.jpg?v=1730497431"},{"product_id":"thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics-9781118501016","title":"Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis textbook brings together the fundamentals of the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of thermal physics by presenting thermodynamics and statistical mechanics as complementary theories based on small numbers of postulates.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Elements of Thermal Physics 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Fundamentals 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 PVT Systems 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Equilibrium States 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Processes and Heat 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Temperature 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Size Dependence 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Heat Capacity and Specific Heat 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. First Law of Thermodynamics 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Work 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Heat 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 The First Law 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Applications 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Properties and Partial Derivatives 27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Conventions 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Equilibrium Properties 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Relationships between Properties 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Series Expansions 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Summary 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Processes in Gases 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Ideal Gases 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Temperature Change with Elevation 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Cyclic Processes 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Heat Engines 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Phase Transitions 61\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Latent Heats 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Van der Waals Model 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Classification of Phase Transitions 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Reversible and Irreversible Processes 75\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Idealization and Reversibility 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Nonequilibrium Processes and Irreversibility 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Electrical Systems 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Heat Conduction 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Foundations of Thermodynamics 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. Second Law of Thermodynamics 91\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Energy, Heat, and Reversibility 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Cyclic Processes 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Carnot Cycles 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Absolute Temperature 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Applications 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. Temperature Scales and Absolute Zero 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Temperature Scales 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Uniform Scales and Absolute Zero 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Other Temperature Scales 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. State Space and Differentials 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Spaces 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Differentials 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Exact Versus Inexact Differentials 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Integrating Differentials 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Differentials in Thermodynamics 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Discussion and Summary 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. Entropy 139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Definition of Entropy 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Clausius’ Theorem 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Entropy Principle 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Entropy and Irreversibility 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Useful Energy 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 The Third Law 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Unattainability of Absolute Zero 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10.A. Entropy Statement of the Second Law 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11. Consequences of Existence of Entropy 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Differentials of Entropy and Energy 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Ideal Gases 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Relationships Between CV, CP, BT , BS, and αV 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Clapeyron’s Equation 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Maximum Entropy, Equilibrium, and Stability 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Mixing 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12. Thermodynamic Potentials 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Internal Energy 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Free Energies 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Properties From Potentials 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Systems in Contact with a Heat Reservoir 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Minimum Free Energy 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 12.A. Derivatives of Potentials 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13. Phase Transitions and Open Systems 201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Two-Phase Equilibrium 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Chemical Potential 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Multi-Component Systems 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Gibbs Phase Rule 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Chemical Reactions 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14. Dielectric and Magnetic Systems 219\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Dielectrics 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Magnetic Materials 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Critical Phenomena 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Statistical Thermodynamics 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15. Molecular Models 237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Microscopic Descriptions 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Gas Pressure 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Equipartition of Energy 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Internal Energy of Solids 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Inactive Degrees of Freedom 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Microscopic Significance of Heat 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16. Kinetic Theory of Gases 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Velocity Distribution 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Combinatorics 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Method of Undetermined Multipliers 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Maxwell Distribution 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Mean-Free-Path 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 16.A. Quantum Distributions 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17. Microscopic Significance of Entropy 273\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Boltzmann Entropy 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Ideal Gas 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Statistical Interpretation 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Thermodynamic Properties 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Boltzmann Factors 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 17.A. Evaluation of I3N 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV Statistical Mechanics I 289\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18. Ensembles 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Probabilities and Averages 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Two-Level Systems 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Information Theory 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Equilibrium Ensembles 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Canonical Thermodynamics 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Composite Systems 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 18.A. Uniqueness Theorem 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19. Partition Function 311\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Hamiltonians and Phase Space 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Model Hamiltonians 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Classical Canonical Ensemble 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Thermodynamic Properties and Averages 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Ideal Gases 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Harmonic Solids 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20. Quantum Systems 331\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Energy Eigenstates 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Quantum Canonical Ensemble 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Ideal Gases 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Einstein Model 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Classical Approximation 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 20.A. Ideal Gas Eigenstates 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21. Independent Particles and Paramagnetism 349\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Averages 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Statistical Independence 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Classical Systems 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Paramagnetism 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Spin Systems 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Classical Dipoles 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 21.A. Negative Temperature 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22. Fluctuations and Energy Distributions 371\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Standard Deviation 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Energy Fluctuations 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Gibbs Paradox 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Microcanonical Ensemble 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Comparison of Ensembles 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23. Generalizations and Diatomic Gases 393\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Generalized Coordinates 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Diatomic Gases 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Quantum Effects 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Density Matrices 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Canonical Ensemble 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 23.A. Classical Approximation 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart V Statistical Mechanics II 415\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24. Photons and Phonons 417\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Plane Wave Eigenstates 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Photons 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Harmonic Approximation 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Phonons 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25. Grand Canonical Ensemble 435\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Thermodynamics of Open Systems 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Grand Canonical Ensemble 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Properties and Fluctuations 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Ideal Gases 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26. Fermions and Bosons 445\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Identical Particles 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 Exchange Symmetry 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein Statistics 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 26.A. Fermions in the Canonical Ensemble 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27. Fermi and Bose Gases 461\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 Ideal Gases 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 Fermi Gases 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 Low Temperature Heat Capacity 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 Bose Gases 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28. Interacting Systems 475\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1 Ising Model 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2 Nonideal Gases 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29. Computer Simulations 489\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1 Averages 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2 Virial Formula for Pressure 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3 Simulation Algorithms 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA. Mathematical Relations, Constants, and Properties 501\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Partial Derivatives 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Integrals and Series 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 Taylor Series 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4 Hyperbolic Functions 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5 Fundamental Constants 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.6 Conversion Factors 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.7 Useful Formulas 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.8 Properties of Water 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.9 Properties of Materials 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnswers to Problems 505\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eIndex 509\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406880612695,"sku":"9781118501016","price":117.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118501016.jpg?v=1730497431"},{"product_id":"a-conceptual-guide-to-thermodynamics-9781118840535","title":"A Conceptual Guide to Thermodynamics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermodynamics is the science that describes the behavior of matter at the macroscopic scale, and how this arises from individual molecules. As such, it is a subject of profound practical and fundamental importance to many science and engineering fields.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e“Useful for students and professionals in numerous areas, including biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering. . . Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above.”  (\u003ci\u003eChoice\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 April 2015)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTextbook Guide xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1 List of Thermodynamics Textbooks by Discipline xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2 Terminology and Notation Used in This Book xvi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3 Terminology and Notation Used in Textbooks xviii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 About This Book 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Who Should Use This Book? 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Philosophy of This Book 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Four Core Concepts of Thermodynamics 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 How to Use This Book 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI Equilibrium\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Philosophy of Thermodynamics 11\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Thermodynamics 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Scientific Models \u0026amp; Laws 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Statistical Mechanics 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Thermodynamic States, Variables \u0026amp; Quantities 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Thermodynamic Variables \u0026amp; Quantities 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 More on Thermodynamic Quantities 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Thermodynamic \u0026amp; Molecular States 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Zeroth Law \u0026amp; Thermodynamic Equilibrium 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Equation of State 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Thermodynamic Equilibrium 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Zeroth Law 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Ideal Gases \u0026amp; Non-ideal Systems 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eII Energy\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Molecular Energy, Internal Energy, \u0026amp; Temperature 33\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Energy at the Molecular Scale 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Internal Energy 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Intermolecular Interactions \u0026amp; the Kinetic Model 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Equipartition Theorem \u0026amp; Temperature 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Boltzmann Distribution \u0026amp; the Kinetic Model 41\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Boltzmann Distribution 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Maxwell Distribution of Speeds 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIII Thermodynamic Change\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 First Law \u0026amp; Thermodynamic Change 49\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 System \u0026amp; Surroundings 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Thermodynamic Change 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 First Law 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Work, Heat, \u0026amp; Reversible Change 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 State Functions \u0026amp; Path Functions 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Definition of Work 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Definition of Heat 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Reversible \u0026amp; Irreversible Change 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 A Gas Expansion Example 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Partial Derivative Quantities 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Internal Energy \u0026amp; Heat Capacity at Constant Volume 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Enthalpy \u0026amp; Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Other Partial Derivative Quantities 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Partial Derivatives \u0026amp; Differentials 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIV Entropy\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Entropy \u0026amp; Information Theory 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Why Does Entropy Seem So Complicated? 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Entropy as Unknown Molecular Information 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Amount of Information 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Application to Thermodynamics 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Entropy \u0026amp; Ideal Gas 87\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Measuring Our Molecular Ignorance 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Volume Contribution to Entropy 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Temperature Contribution to Entropy 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Combined Entropy Expression 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Entropy, Heat, \u0026amp; Reversible Adiabatic Expansion 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Second Law \u0026amp; Spontaneous Irreversible Change 97\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Heat Engines \u0026amp; Thermodynamic Cycles 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Traditional Statements of the Second Law 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Entropy Statement of the Second Law 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Information Statement of the Second Law 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Maximum Entropy \u0026amp; the Clausius Inequality 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Third Law, Carnot Cycle, \u0026amp; Absolute Entropy 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Entropy \u0026amp; Reversible Change 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Carnot Cycle \u0026amp; Absolute Zero Temperature 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Third Law \u0026amp; Absolute Entropy 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eV Free Energy\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Free Energy \u0026amp; Exergy 115\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 What Would Happen If Entropy Were a Variable? 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Helmholtz and Gibbs Free Energies 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Second Law \u0026amp; Maximum Work 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Exergy 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Chemical Potential, Fugacity, \u0026amp; Open Systems 123\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 What Would Happen If \u003ci\u003en\u003c\/i\u003e Were a Variable? 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Chemical Potential 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Ideal Gas \u0026amp; Fugacity 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVI Applications\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Crazy Gay-Lussac’s Gas Expansion Emporium 131\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Sales Pitch 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 How to Solve Gas Expansion Problems 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Comprehensive Compendium 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Electronic Emporium: Free Online Shopping! 139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVII Appendices\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A: Beards Gone Wild! Facial Hair \u0026amp; the Founding Fathers of Thermodynamics 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B: Thermodynamics, Abolitionism, \u0026amp; Sha Na Na 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C: Thermodynamics \u0026amp; the Science of Steampunk 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSteampunk Gallery 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTravel Try Its 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhoto Credits 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 159\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406932386135,"sku":"9781118840535","price":34.15,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118840535.jpg?v=1730497601"},{"product_id":"quantum-steampunk-9781421443720","title":"Quantum Steampunk","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e[Yunger Halpern] reimagines 19th-century thermodynamics through a modern, quantum lens, playing with the aesthetics of the 1800s through trains, dirigibles and horseless carriages. It is a physics book, but one that is as likely to attract readers of science fiction as those of popular science.\u003cbr\u003e—Simon Ings, \u003ci\u003eNewScientist\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAt this moment when quantum theory is being applied, nonexperts will find this guide helpful.\u003cbr\u003e—\u003ci\u003eHarvard Magazine\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eQuantum Steampunk \u003c\/i\u003eis probably the best plain English explanation of quantum physics you'll find anywhere. Dr. Halpern uses illustrations, whimsical descriptions, and humor.\u003cbr\u003e—\u003ci\u003eQuantum Zeitgeist\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn entertaining book... that explains the essence and secrets of the many facets of quantum thermodynamics in layman's terms....By adding literary flair to otherwise dry technical content, Yunger Halpern masterfully conveys in simple terms the variety of complex ideas that characterize the different subfields of quantum thermodynamics.\u003cbr\u003e—\u003ci\u003ePhysics Today\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e[Yunger Halpern] combines fragments of a yet-to-be-written steampunk novel with her personal and technical accounts of coming of age in the modern era of quantum thermodynamics.This optimistic, balanced view of modern quantum research, emphasizing fundamentals and minimizing hype, is a good introduction for the general scientific-minded reader.\u003cbr\u003e—Charles Clark, \u003ci\u003eNIST Connections\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrologue. Once upon a time in physics\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1. Information theory: Of passwords and probabilities\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2. Quantum physics: Everything at once, or, one thing at a time?\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3. Quantum computation: Everything at once\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4. Thermodynamics: \"May I drive?\"\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5. A fine merger: Thermodynamics, information theory, and quantum physics\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6. The physics of yesterday's tomorrow: The landscape of quantum steampunk\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7. Pedal to the metal: Quantum thermal machines\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8. Tick tock: Quantum clocks\u003cbr\u003eChapter 9. Unsteady as she goes: Fluctuation relations\u003cbr\u003eChapter 10. Entropy, energy, and a tiny possibility: One-shot thermodynamics\u003cbr\u003eChapter 11. Resource theories: A ha'penny of a quantum state\u003cbr\u003eChapter 12. The unseen kingdom: When quantum observables don't cooperate\u003cbr\u003eChapter 13. All over the map: Rounding out our tour\u003cbr\u003eChapter 14. Stepping off the map: Quantum steampunk crosses borders\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue. Where to next? The future of quantum steampunk\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003eGlossary\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Johns Hopkins University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49408145850711,"sku":"9781421443720","price":22.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781421443720.jpg?v=1730501755"},{"product_id":"coolant-flow-instabilities-in-power-equipment-9781466567047","title":"Coolant Flow Instabilities in Power Equipment","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThermal-hydraulic instability can potentially impair thermal reliability of reactor cores or other power equipment components. Thus it is important to address stability issues in power equipment associated with thermal and nuclear installations, particularly in thermal nuclear power plants, chemical and petroleum industries, space technology, and radio, electronic, and computer cooling systems. \u003cstrong\u003eCoolant Flow Instabilities in Power Equipment\u003c\/strong\u003e synthesizes results from instability investigations around the world, presenting an analysis and generalization of the published technical literature.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe authors include individual examples on flow stability in various types of equipment, including boilers, reactors, steam generators, condensers, heat exchangers, turbines, pumps, deaerators, bubblers, and pipelines. They also present information that has not been widely available until recently, such as thermal-acoustic instability, flow instability with supercritical para\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhase Flow Oscillatory Thermal-Hydraulic Instability. Oscillatory Stability Boundary in Hydrodynamic Interaction of Parallel Channels and Requirements to Simulate Unstable Processes on Test Facilities. Simplified Correlations for Determining the Two-Phase Flow Thermal-Hydraulic Oscillatory Stability Boundary. Some Notes on the Oscillatory Flow Stability Boundary. Static Instability. Thermal-Acoustic Oscillations in Heated Channels. Instability of Condensing Flows. Some Cases of Flow Instability in Pipelines. References.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49408669909335,"sku":"9781466567047","price":185.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781466567047.jpg?v=1730503751"},{"product_id":"energy-and-mass-transfers-balance-sheet-approach-and-basic-concepts-volume-1-9781786302748","title":"Energy and Mass Transfers: Balance Sheet Approach","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is the first book of a series aiming at setting the basics for energy engineering. This book presents the fundamentals of heat and mass transfer with a step-by-step approach, based on material and energy balances. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhile the topic of heat and mass transfer is an old subject, the way the book introduces the concepts, linking them strongly to the real world and to the present concerns, is particular. The scope of the different developments keeps in mind a practical energy engineering view.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1. Basic Concepts and Balances 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1. Thermal energy and the first law of thermodynamics 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2. Thermal energy and the second law of thermodynamics 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3. For an energy and mass accounting: balances 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1. Accounting principles for system inputs and outputs 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2. Accumulation in the system 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3. Generation in a system 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4. Balance equation 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4. Fluxes and flux densities 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1. Energy fluxes 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2. Mass fluxes 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3. Flux densities 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5. Operating states 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1. Steady state 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2. Transient state 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6. Transfer area 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1. What does the transfer area represent? 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2. Illustration: transfer area in a heat exchanger 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.3. Illustration: transfer area inferred from a technical drawing 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7. Driving potential difference 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1. Heat transfer potential difference 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2. Mass transfer potential difference 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8. Exercises and solutions 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9. Reading: seawater desalination 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.1. Level of purification 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.2. Water sources used 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.3. Water characteristics according to the source 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.4. Several techniques 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.5. Energy cost: the decisive factor 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.6. A promising outlook 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2. Mechanisms and Laws of Heat Transfer 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1. Introduction 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2. Mechanism and law of conduction 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3. Mechanism and law of convection 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1. Examples 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2. Law of convection 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3. Forced convection versus natural convection 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4. Radiation transfer mechanism 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1. Correction to take account of the nature of the surface 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2. Geometric correction: the view factor 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3. Radiation transfer between black surfaces under total influence 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4. Radiation transfer between black surfaces in arbitrary positions 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.5. Radiation transfer between gray surfaces in arbitrary positions 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5. Exercises and solutions 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6. Reading: Joseph Fourier 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3. Mass Transfer Mechanisms and Processes 115\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1. Introduction 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2. Classification of mass transfer mechanisms 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3. Transfer mechanisms in single-phase systems 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1. The vacancy mechanism 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2. The interstitial mechanism 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3. Random walk 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4. The kinetic model 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5. The quantum model 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4. Mass transfer processes in single-phase media 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1. Transfer under the action of a concentration gradient: osmosis 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2. Transfer under the action of a pressure gradient: ultrafiltration 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3. Dialysis 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4. Thermal gradient diffusion 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5. Diffusion by a gradient of force: centrifugation 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.6. Electromagnetic diffusion 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.7. Laminar flux transfer 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.8. Laser transfer 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.9. Transfer under the action of an electric field: electrodialysis 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5. Mechanisms and processes in two-phase media 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1. Distillation 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2. Absorption mass transfer 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6. Exercises and solutions 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7. Reading: uranium enrichment 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1. Uranium as a fuel 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2. Uranium in nature 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.3. Natural-uranium reactors 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.4. Pressurized-water reactors 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.5. Fast-neutron reactors 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.6. Classification of uranium enrichments 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.7. Uranium enrichment processes 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.8. The uranium enrichment industry 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4. Dimensional Analysis 221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1. Introduction 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2. Basic dimensions 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3. Dimensions of derived magnitudes 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4. Dimensional analysis of an expression 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1. Illustration: determining the dimensions of λ 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2. Illustration: determining the dimensions of h 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5. Unit systems and conversions 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1. Illustration: dimensions and units of energy 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2. Illustration: units of heat conductivity λ 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3. Illustration: units of the convective transfer coefficient h 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6. Dimensionless numbers 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1. The Reynolds number 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2. The Nusselt number 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3. The Prandtl number 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4. The Peclet number 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.5. The Grashof number 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.6. The Rayleigh number 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.7. The Stanton number 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.8. The Graetz number 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.9. The Biot number 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.10. The Fourier number 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.11. The Elenbaas number 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.12. The Froude number 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.13. The Euler number 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7. Developing correlations through dimensional analysis 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8. Rayleigh’s method 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1. Illustration: applying Rayleigh’s method 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2. Illustration: verifying Fourier’s law by applying Rayleigh’s method 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9. Buckingham’s method 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.1. Illustration: applying the Buckingham π theorem 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10. Exercises and solutions 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11. Reading: Osborne Reynolds and Ludwig Prandtl 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.1. Osborne Reynolds 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.2. Ludwig Prandtl 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 325\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISTE Ltd and John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49412277076311,"sku":"9781786302748","price":125.06,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781786302748.jpg?v=1730516236"},{"product_id":"energy-transfers-by-convection-9781786302762","title":"Energy Transfers by Convection","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhether in a solar thermal power plant or at the heart of a nuclear reactor, convection is an important mode of energy transfer. This mode is unique; it obeys specific rules and correlations that constitute one of the bases of equipment-sizing equations.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e In addition to standard aspects of convention, this book examines transfers at very high temperatures where, in order to ensure the efficient transfer of energy for industrial applications, it is becoming necessary to use particular heat carriers, such as molten salts, liquid metals or nanofluids. With modern technologies, these situations are becoming more frequent, requiring appropriate consideration in design calculations.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Energy Transfers by Convection also studies the sizing of electronic heat sinks used to ensure the dissipation of heat and thus the optimal operation of circuit boards used in telecommunications, audio equipment, avionics and computers. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Methods for Determining Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Characterizing the motion of a fluid 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Transfer coefficients and flow regimes 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Using dimensional analysis 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Dimensionless numbers used in convection 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Dimensional analysis applications in convection 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Using correlations to calculate h 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Correlations for flows in forced convection 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Correlations for flows in natural convection 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Forced Convection Inside Cylindrical Pipes 15\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Correlations in laminar flow 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Reminders regarding laminar-flow characteristics inside a pipe 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Differential energy balance 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Illustration: transportation of phosphate slurry in a cylindrical pipe 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Correlations for laminar flow at pipe entrance 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Correlations in transition zone 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Correlations in turbulent flow 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Dittus–Boelter–McAdams relation. 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Colburn–Seider–Tate relation 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Illustration: improving transfer by switching to turbulent flow 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Specific correlations in turbulent flow 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.5 Illustration: industrial-grade cylindrical pipe 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Dimensional correlations for air and water 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Forced Convection Inside Non-Cylindrical Pipes 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Concept of hydraulic diameter. 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Hydraulic Nusselt and Reynolds numbers 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Correlations in established laminar flow 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Pipes with rectangular or square cross-sections in laminar flow 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Pipes presenting an elliptical cross-section in laminar flow 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Pipes presenting a triangular cross-section in laminar flow 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Illustration: air-conditioning duct design 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Annular pipes with laminar flow 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Correlations in turbulent flow for non-cylindrical pipes 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Pipes with rectangular or square cross-sections in turbulent flow 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Pipes with elliptical or triangular cross-sections in turbulent flow 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Illustration: design imposes the flow regime 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Annular pipes in turbulent flow 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 Forced Convection Outside Pipes or Around Objects 69\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Flow outside a cylindrical pipe 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Correlations for the stagnation region 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Correlations beyond the stagnation zone 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Forced convection outside non-cylindrical pipes 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Pipes with a square cross-section area 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Pipes presenting an elliptical cross-section area 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Pipes presenting a hexagonal cross-section area 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Forced convection above a horizontal plate 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Plate at constant temperature 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Plate with constant flow density 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Forced convection around non-cylindrical objects 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Forced convection around a plane parallel to the flow 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Forced convection around a sphere 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Convective transfers between falling films and pipes 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Vertical tubes 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2 Horizontal tubes 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Forced convection in coiled pipes 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.1 Convection heat transfer coefficient inside the coil 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.2 Convection heat transfer coefficient with the outer wall of the coil 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.3 Convection heat transfer coefficient between the fluid and the tank 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Natural Convection Heat Transfer 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Characterizing the motion of natural convection 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Correlations in natural convection 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Vertical plates subject to natural convection 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Inclined plates subject to natural convection 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Horizontal plates subject to natural convection 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Case of underfloor heating 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Ceiling cooling systems 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Vertical cylinders subject to natural convection 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Horizontal cylinders subject to natural convection 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Spheres subject to natural convection 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Vertical conical surfaces subject to natural convection 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Any surface subject to natural convection 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12 Chambers limited by parallel surfaces 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12.1 Correlation of Hollands et al. for horizontal chambers 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12.2 Correlation of El-Sherbiny et al. for vertical chambers 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13 Inclined-plane chambers 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13.1 For large aspect ratios and low-to-moderate inclinations 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13.2 For lower aspect ratios and inclinations below the critical inclination 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13.3 For lower aspect ratios and inclinations greater than the critical inclination 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14 Chambers limited by two concentric cylinders 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.15 Chambers limited by two concentric spheres 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16 Simplified correlations for natural convection in air 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16.1 Vertical cylinder or plane under natural convection in air 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16.2 Horizontal cylinder or plane under natural convection in air. 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16.3 Horizontal plane under natural convection in air 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16.4 Sphere under natural convection in air 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16.5 Circuit boards under natural convection in air 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16.6 Electronic components or cables under natural convection in air 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.17 Finned surfaces: heat sinks in electronic systems 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.17.1 Dissipation systems 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.17.2 Thermal resistance of a heat sink 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18 Optimizing the thermal resistance of a heat sink 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18.1 Determining the heat-sink\/air heat transfer coefficient 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18.2 Calculating the optimum spacing between fins 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18.3 Practical expression 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18.4 Calculating the evacuated heat flux 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18.5 Implementation algorithm 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18.6 Illustration: optimum design of a heat sink 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19 Optimum circuit-board assembly 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19.1 Calculating the optimum spacing between electronic boards 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19.2 Heat transfer coefficient between electronic boards and air 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19.3 Calculating the evacuated heat flux 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19.4 Implementation algorithm 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19.5 Illustration: optimum evacuation of heat generated by electronic boards 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.20 Superimposed forced and natural convections 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.20.1 Vertical-tube scenario: Martinelli-Boelter correlation 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.20.2 Horizontal-tube scenario: Proctor-Eubank correlation 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.20.3 Cylinders, disks or spheres in rotation 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Convection in Nanofluids, Liquid Metals and Molten Salts 137\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Transfers in nanofluids 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Physical data 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Nanofluids circulating in tubes 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Nanofluids circulating within annular pipes 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Superposition of natural and forced convections in nanofluids 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Transfers in liquid metals 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Physical data 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Liquid metals in forced convection within cylindrical pipes 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Liquid metals in forced convection within an annular space 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Liquid metals flowing along a horizontal plane 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Liquid metals in forced convection between two parallel planes 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.6 Liquid metals subject to natural convection 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Transfers in molten salts 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Physical data 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Molten salts under forced convection in laminar flow within cylindrical pipes 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Molten salts under forced convection in the transition zone within cylindrical pipes 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Molten salts under forced convection in turbulent flow within cylindrical pipes 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Reading: Eugène Péclet and Lord Rayleigh 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Eugène Péclet 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Lord Rayleigh 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Exercises and Solutions 157\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendices 321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1 Database 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2 Regressions 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 403\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISTE Ltd and John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49412277109079,"sku":"9781786302762","price":125.06,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781786302762.jpg?v=1730516235"},{"product_id":"mass-transfers-and-physical-data-estimation-9781786302854","title":"Mass Transfers and Physical Data Estimation","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany practical operations, such as environment depollution, blood dialysis or product purification, require matter transfer.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e With an emphasis on the aforementioned subjects, this book revisits the founding principles of materials transfer on the basis of Fick’s first law, which constitutes the foundation of diffusional phenomena. Additionally, continuity equations translating the macroscopic balances of systems are established. These balances constitute Fick’s second law, which can be applied to quantify the fluxes of matter transferred in each situation, provided physical data is available. To this end, Mass Transfers and Physical Data Estimation pays particular attention to methods of data estimation.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Methods presented in this book are applied to several practical cases, such as diffusion in catalytic reactions or the reconstitution of cartilage in human bone joints.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1. Determination of Physical Data\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1. Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2. Estimating critical properties 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1. Estimating critical temperature 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2. Estimating critical pressure 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3. Estimating the critical volume: Benson correlation (Benson, 1948) 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4. Estimating the critical compressibility factor 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3. Methods for estimating boiling temperature 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4. Methods for estimating density 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1. Estimating liquid densities 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5. Methods for estimating viscosity 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1. Estimating viscosities of pure liquids 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2. Correlations for the viscosity of liquid mixtures 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3. Estimating gas viscosities 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6. Methods for estimating specific heat 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1. Heat capacities of petroleum oils 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2. Heat capacities of petroleum vapors 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.3. Estimations for anthracite and bituminous coals 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.4. Heat capacities for cement, mortar and sand 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.5. Heat capacities of organic liquids 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7. Estimating latent heat of vaporization 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1. Rapid estimations 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2. Calculating latent heat from critical data 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.3. Chen correlation 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.4. Calculations at different temperatures 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8. Estimating expansion coefficients β 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9. Methods for estimating heat conductivity 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.1. Heat conductivity of metals and alloys 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.2. Heat conductivity of wood 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.3. Conductivity of chains of liquid hydrocarbons 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.4. Conductivity of gases and vapors 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.5. Conductivity of monatomic gases 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.6. Conductivity of non-polar gases with linear molecules 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10. Physical properties of water 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.1. Correlation of density 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.2. Heat capacity 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.3. Correlation of heat conductivity 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.4. Correlation of viscosity 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.5. Correlation of thermal diffusivity 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.6. Correlation of the Prandtl number 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.7. Correlation for calculating the expansion coefficient 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.8. Correlation for calculating the saturating pressure 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.9. Correlation for calculating latent heat 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11. Physical properties of air 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11.1. Correlation of density 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11.2. Heat capacity 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11.3. Correlation of heat conductivity 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11.4. Correlation of viscosity 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11.5. Correlation of thermal diffusivity 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11.6. Correlation of the Prandtl number 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11.7. Correlation for calculating the expansion coefficient 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2. Determinants and Parameters of Mass Transfer\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003e35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1. Introduction 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2. Relative transfer velocities 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1. Velocity relating to average mass velocity 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2. Velocity relative to average molar velocity. 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3. Amount of matter transferred 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4. Expressions of flux density 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1. Total flux 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2. Specific fluxes 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5. Operations on diffusion flux densities 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1. Total density as a function of the specific densities 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2. Sum of mass densities with respect to v 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3. Sum of molar flux densities with respect to v\u003csup\u003e*\u003c\/sup\u003e 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4. Sum of mass flux densities with respect to a mobile reference frame at v\u003csup\u003e*\u003c\/sup\u003e 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6. Relations between flux densities \u003ci\u003ef\u003csub\u003ei\u003c\/sub\u003e \u003c\/i\u003eand \u003ci\u003ej\u003csub\u003ei\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7. Relations between flux densities \u003ci\u003eF\u003csub\u003ei \u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/i\u003eand \u003ci\u003eJ\u003csub\u003ei\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e*\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3. Fick’s First Law: Diffusion Coefficients\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e 49\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1. Introduction 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2. Fick’s first law 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1. Expressing the flux density vector 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2. Similarities to energy and momentum transfer laws 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3. Convective analogy 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3. Fick’s first law in different forms 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4. Determining diffusion coefficients from tabulated data 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1. Gaseous binary diffusion coefficients 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2. Illustration: diffusion coefficients of CO\u003csub\u003e2 \u003c\/sub\u003ein air and in water vapor 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3. Diffusion coefficients for liquid binaries 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5. Estimating diffusion coefficients from correlations 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1. Estimating gaseous binary diffusion coefficients 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2. Estimating diffusion coefficients of liquid binaries 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6. Diffusion coefficients for multicomponent mixtures 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1. Stefan–Maxwell equation 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2. Effective diffusion coefficient for complex mixtures 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4. Fick’s Second Law: Macroscopic Balances\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003e85\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1. Introduction 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2. Overall continuity equation 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1. The accumulation term 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2. The generation term 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3. The term I – O 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4. The balance equation 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5. The balance equation in Cartesian coordinates 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3. Particular continuity equations 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1. The term I\u003csub\u003ei\u003c\/sub\u003e – O\u003csub\u003ei\u003c\/sub\u003e 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2. The accumulation term 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3. The generation term 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4. Continuity equations in molar terms 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4. Illustration: diffusion with chemical reaction 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5. Illustration: diffusion of a component in a stagnant mixture 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6. Reading: background to Fick’s Laws 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5. Exercises and Solutions\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003e101\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendices\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 205\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49412277338455,"sku":"9781786302854","price":132.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781786302854.jpg?v=1730516237"},{"product_id":"entropy-and-the-tao-of-counting-a-brief-introduction-to-statistical-mechanics-and-the-second-law-of-thermodynamics-9783030354596","title":"Entropy and the Tao of Counting: A Brief","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book provides a complete and accurate atomic level statistical mechanical explanation of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. It assumes only a basic knowledge of mechanics and requires no knowledge of calculus. The treatment uses primarily geometric arguments and college level algebra.  Quantitative examples are given at each stage to buttress physical understanding. This text is of benefit to undergraduate and graduate students, as well as educators and researchers in the physical sciences (whether or not they have taken a thermodynamics course) who want to understand or teach the atomic\/molecular origins of entropy and the second law. It is particularly aimed at those who, due to insufficient mathematical background or because of their area of study, are not going to take a traditional statistical mechanics course.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415618658647,"sku":"9783030354596","price":44.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"thermal-and-statistical-physics-concepts-and-applications-9783031076879","title":"Thermal and Statistical Physics: Concepts and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis textbook presents the fundamental concepts and theories in thermal physics and elementary statistical mechanics in a very simple, systematic and comprehensive way. This book is written in a way that it presents the topics in a holistic manner with end-of-chapter exercises and examples where concepts are supported by numerous solved examples and multiple-choice questions to aid self-learning. The textbook also contains illustrated diagrams for better understanding of the concepts. The book will benefit students who are taking introductory courses in thermal physics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction.- The Laws of Thermodynamics.- Second Law of Thermodynamics.- Entropy.- Thermodynamic Potentials and Maxwell Relations.- Kinetic Theory of Gases.- Real Gases.- Applications to Some Irreversible Changes, Cooling of Real Gases.- Theory of Radiation.- Elementary Statistical Mechanics.","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415679377751,"sku":"9783031076879","price":42.74,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783031076879.jpg?v=1730527760"},{"product_id":"thermodynamics-and-equilibria-in-earth-system-sciences-an-introduction-9783031534065","title":"Thermodynamics and Equilibria in Earth System","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis introduction to thermodynamics and equilibria aims to provide the basic concepts of relevance for atmospheric, marine, climate, and environmental sciences and to prepare students for more advanced classes in physical chemistry, mineralogy, and petrology.This is an open access book.","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415735083351,"sku":"9783031534065","price":42.74,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783031534065.jpg?v=1730527934"}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/collections\/thermodynamics-and-heat.oembed?page=8","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}