{"title":"Testing of materials Books","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"neuromuscular-assessments-of-form-and-function-9781071633144","title":"Neuromuscular Assessments of Form and Function","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis volume looks at the latest methods used to study imaging techniques, metabolic tracing, and deep muscle phenotyping. Comprehensive and thorough, Neuromuscular Assessments of Form and Function is a valuable resource for researchers interested in multiple methods used to study skeletal muscle neurophysiology.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeries Preface…\u003cbr\u003ePreface…\u003cbr\u003eTable of Contents…\u003cbr\u003eContributing Authors…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.\tEstimation of Lean Soft Tissue by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry as a Surrogate for Muscle Mass in Health, Obesity, and Sarcopenia\u003cbr\u003eCamila L. P. Oliveira, Ana P. Pagano, M. Cristina Gonzalez, and Carla M. Prado\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.\tAnalysis of Skeletal Muscle Mass from Pre-Existing Computed Tomography (CT) Scans\u003cbr\u003eKatherine L. Ford, Bruna Ramos da Silva, Ana Teresa Limon-Miro, and Carla M. Prado\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.\tImaging Skeletal Muscle by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)\u003cbr\u003eRobert H. Morris and Craig Sale\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.\tImaging of Skeletal Muscle Mass: Ultrasound\u003cbr\u003eMartino V. Franchi and Marco V. Narici\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.\tMeasures of Neuromuscular Function\u003cbr\u003eMichael D. Roberts and Jason M. Defreitas\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.\tNeuromuscular Function: High-Density Surface Electromyography\u003cbr\u003eEduardo Martinez-Valdes and Francesco Negro\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.\tNeuromuscular Function: Intramuscular Electromyography \u003cbr\u003eMathew Piasecki and Daniel W. Stashuk\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.\tMagnetic Resonance Quantification of Muscle Phosphocreatine Resynthesis Kinetics during Exercise Recovery: An In Vivo Measure of Mitochondrial Function in Humans\u003cbr\u003eJordan J. McGing, Susan T. Francis, Sébastien Serres, Gordon W. Moran, and Paul L. Greenhaff\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.\tImmunohistochemistry, Microscopy, and Image Analysis of Human Muscle Biopsies: Muscle Fibre Denervation as a Working Example\u003cbr\u003eCasper Soendenbroe, Jesper L. Andersen, and Abigail L. Mackey\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.\tStable Isotope Tracer Methods for the Measure of Skeletal Muscle Protein Turnover\u003cbr\u003eMatthew S. Brook, Daniel J. Wilkinson, and Ken Smith \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.\tEx Vivo Human Single Muscle Fibers: An Insightful Approach to Skeletal Muscle Function\u003cbr\u003eCarlo Reggiani\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12.\tMyokines, Measurement, and Technical Considerations\u003cbr\u003eCraig R. G. Willis, Colleen S. Deane, and Timothy Etheridge\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13.\tSkeletal Muscle Satellite Cell Physiology and Function: Complimentary In Vitro and In Vivo Models and Methods\u003cbr\u003eMark Viggars, Andy Nolan, Adam Sharples, and Claire Stewart\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14.\tUsing the Model Organism Caenorhabditis elegans to Explore Neuromuscular Function\u003cbr\u003eSamantha Hughes and Nathaniel Szewczyk\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15.\tMethodologies to Quantify Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow\/Perfusion\u003cbr\u003eEleanor J. Jones and Bethan E. Phillips\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSubject Index List… \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738193211735,"sku":"9781071633144","price":179.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781071633144.jpg?v=1723811807"},{"product_id":"introduction-to-analytical-electron-microscopy-9781475755831","title":"Introduction to Analytical Electron Microscopy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe birth of analytical electron microscopy (AEM) is somewhat obscure. Was it the recognition of the power and the development of STEM that signaled its birth? Was AEM born with the attachment of a crystal                            spectrometer to an otherwise conventional TEM? Or was it born earlier with the first analysis of electron loss spectra? It''s not likely that any of these developments alone would have been sufficient and there have been many                            others (microdiffraction, EDS, microbeam fabrication, etc.) that could equally lay claim to being critical to the establishment of true AEM. It is probably more accurate to simply ascribe the present rapid development to the                            obvious: a combination of ideas whose time has come. Perhaps it is difficult to trace the birth of AEM simply because it remains a point of contention to even define its true scope. For example, the topics in this book, even                            though ver\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChpater 1 Principles of Image Formation.- Chpater 2 Introductory Electron Optics.- Chpater 3 Principles of Thin Film X-Ray Microanalysis.- Chpater 4 Quantitative X-Ray Microanalysis: Insturmental Considerations and Applications to Materials Science.- Chpater 5 EDS Quantitation and Application to Biology.- Chpater 6 Monte Carlo Simulation in Analytical Electron Microscopy.- Chpater 7 The Basic Principles of Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy.- Chpater 8 Energy Loss Spectrometry for Biological Research.- Chpater 9 Elemental Analysis Using Inner-Shell Excitations: A Microanalytical Technique for materials Characterization.- Chpater 10 Analysis of the Electronic Structure of Solids.- Chpater 11 Stem Imaging of Crystals and Defects.- Chpater 12 Biological Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy.- Chpater 13 Electron Microscopy of Individual Atoms.- Chpater 14 microdiffraction.- Chpater 15 Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction.- Chpater 16 Radiation Damage with Biological Specimens and Organic Materials.- Chpater 17 Radiation Effects in Analysis of Inorganic Specimens by TEM.- Chpater 18 Barriers to AEM: Contamination and Etching.- Chpater 19 Microanalysis by Lattice Imaging.- Chpater 20 Weak-Beam Microscopy.- Chpater 21 The Analysis of Defects Using Computer Simulated Images.- Chpater 22 The Strategy of Analysis.","brand":"Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48739626221911,"sku":"9781475755831","price":125.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781475755831.jpg?v=1720052764"},{"product_id":"wear-in-advanced-engineering-applications-and-materials-9781800610682","title":"Wear In Advanced Engineering Applications And","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWear is one of the main reasons mechanical components and materials become inoperable, rendering enormous costs to society over time. Estimating wear allows engineers to predict the useful life of modern mechanical elements, reduce the costs of inoperability, or obtain optimal designs (i.e. selecting proper materials, shapes, and surface finishing according to mechanical conditions and durability) to reduce the impact of wear.Wear in Advanced Engineering Applications and Materials presents recent computational and practical research studying damage and wear in advanced engineering applications and materials. As such, this book covers numerical formulations based on the finite element method (FEM) — and the boundary element method (BEM) — as well as theoretical and experimental research to predict the wear response or life-limiting failure of engineering applications.","brand":"World Scientific Europe Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48741753454935,"sku":"9781800610682","price":81.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781800610682.jpg?v=1720058692"},{"product_id":"fracture-mechanics-an-introduction-9783030350970","title":"Fracture Mechanics: An Introduction","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book discusses the basic principles and traditional applications of fracture mechanics, as well as the cutting-edge research in the field over the last three decades in current topics like composites, thin films, nanoindentation, and cementitious materials.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eExperimental methods play a major role in the study of fracture mechanics problems and are used for the determination of the major fracture mechanics quantities such as stress intensity factors, crack tip opening displacements, strain energy release rates, crack paths, crack velocities in static and dynamic problems. These methods include electrical resistance strain gauges, photoelasticity, interferometry techniques, geometric and interferometry moiré, and the optical method of caustics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFurthermore, numerical methods are often used for the determination of fracture mechanics parameters. They include finite and boundary element methods, Green’s function and weight functions, boundary collocation, alternating methods, and integral transforms continuous dislocations.\u003cbr\u003eThis third edition of the book covers the basic principles and traditional applications, as well as the latest developments of fracture mechanics. Featuring two new chapters and 30 more example problems, it presents a comprehensive overview of fracture mechanics, and includes numerous examples and unsolved problems. This book is suitable for teaching fracture mechanics courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels. A “solutions manual” is available for course instructors upon request.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Linear Elastic Stress Field in Cracked Bodies.- Chapter 3. Elastic-Plastic Stress Field in Cracked Bodies.- Chapter 4. Crack Growth Based on Energy Balance.- Chapter 5. Critical Stress Intensity Factor Fracture Criterion.- Chapter 6. J-Integral and Crack Opening Displacement Fracture Criteria.- Chapter 7. Strain Energy Density Failure Criterion: Mixed-Mode Crack Growth.- Chapter 8. Dynamic Fracture.- Chapter 9. Fatigue and Environment-Assisted Fracture.- Chapter 10. Micromechanics of Fracture.- Chapter 11. Composite Materials.- Chapter 12. Thin Films.- Chapter 13. Nanoindentation.- Chapter 14. Cementitious Materials.- Chapter 15. Experimental Methods.- Chapter 16. Numerical Methods.","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743033897303,"sku":"9783030350970","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"mechanical-characterization-using-digital-image-correlation-advanced-fibrous-composite-laminates-9783030840396","title":"Mechanical Characterization Using Digital Image","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this book, a precise treatment of the experimental characterization of advanced composite materials using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is presented. The text explains test methods, testing setup with 2D- and stereo-DIC, specimen preparation and patterning, testing analysis and data reduction schemes to determine and to compare mechanical properties, such as modulus, strength and fracture toughness of advanced composite materials. Sensitivity and uncertainty studies on the DIC calculated data and mechanical properties for a detailed engineering-based understanding are covered instead of idealized theories and sugarcoated results. The book provides students, instructors, researchers and engineers in industrial or government institutions, and practitioners working in the field of experimental\/applied structural mechanics of materials a myriad of color figures from DIC measurements for better explanation, datasets of material properties serving as  input parameters for analytical modelling, raw data and computer codes for data reduction, illustrative graphs for teaching purposes, practice exercises with solutions provided online and extensive references to the literature at the end of each stand-alone chapter.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 1. Introduction and Theoretical Background.- Chapter 2. Tensile Testing.- Chapter 3. V-Notched Specimen Testing.- Chapter 4. Flexural Testing.- Chapter 5. Delamination Resistance Testing.- Chapter 6. Summary and Discussion.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743053230423,"sku":"9783030840396","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"a-guide-to-additive-manufacturing-9783031058622","title":"A Guide to Additive Manufacturing","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis open access book gives both a theoretical and practical overview of several important aspects of additive manufacturing (AM). It is written in an educative style to enable the reader to understand and apply the material. It begins with an introduction to AM technologies and the general workflow, as well as an overview of the current standards within AM. In the following chapter, a more in-depth description is given of design optimization and simulation for AM in polymers and metals, including practical guidelines for topology optimization and the use of lattice structures. Special attention is also given to the economics of AM and when the technology offers a benefit compared to conventional manufacturing processes. This is followed by a chapter with practical insights into how AM materials and processing parameters are developed for both material extrusion and powder bed fusion. The final chapter describes functionally graded AM in various materials and technologies. Throughout the book, a large number of industrial applications are described to exemplify the benefits of AM. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.            Introduction to Additive Manufacturing\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e2.1.         What is Additive Manufacturing\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e2.2.         Why do we need Additive Manufacturing\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e2.3.         Additive Manufacturing Classification\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e2.4.         Vat polymerization            7\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e2.5.         Material jetting    12\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e2.6.         Binder jetting       16\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e2.7.         Powder Bed Fusion Technologies   20\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e2.8.         Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (MEAM) Technologies      32\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e3.            General process workflow in AM   44\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e3.1.         Pre-processing for additive manufacturing   45\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e3.2.         Build and post-processing 52\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e4.            Standardisation in AM       55\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e4.1.         Introduction to Standards 55\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e4.2.         AM Standards     57\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e4.3.         Reading, Writing and Retrieving Standards 62\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e4.4.         Conclusion           64\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e4.5.         External Resources             65\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e5.            Design for AM     67\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e5.1.         The general thought process of DfAM           67\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e5.2.         The economics of DfAM   71\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e5.3.         Polymer design guidelines                78\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e5.4.         Metal design guidelines     100\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e6.            General Process Simulations            119\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e6.1.         Simulation            119\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e6.2.         AM build process simulation           122\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e6.3.         Optimization        125\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e6.4.         Lattice-based topology optimization              137\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e6.5.         Non-parametric mesh modelling      139\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e7.            Applications of AM            144\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e7.1.         AM in toolmaking application        144\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e7.2.         AM application in medicine             166\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e7.3          AM applications in transportation\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e8.            Development of material and processing parameters for AM   187\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e8.1.         Development of materials for Material Extrusion AM               187\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e8.2.         Development of materials for PBF technologies          203\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e8.3.         Development of materials for L-PBF             244\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e9.            Development of FGM and FGAM  256\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e9.1.         Functionally Graded Material (FGM)             256\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e9.2.         Functionally Graded Additive Manufacturing (FGAM)             260\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e9.3.         Conclusion           265\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743066698071,"sku":"9783031058622","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783031058622.jpg?v=1720063964"},{"product_id":"elementary-engineering-fracture-mechanics-9789024725809","title":"Elementary engineering fracture mechanics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen asked to start teaching a course on engineering fracture mechanics, I realized that a concise textbook, giving a general oversight of the field, did not exist. The explanation is undoubtedly that the subject is still in a stage of early development, and that the methodologies have still a very limited applicability. It is not possible to give rules for general application of fracture mechanics concepts. Yet our comprehension of cracking and fracture beha viour of materials and structures is steadily increasing. Further developments may be expected in the not too distant future, enabling useful prediction of fracture safety and fracture characteristics on the basis of advanced fracture mechanics procedures. The user of such advanced procedures m\\lst have a general understanding of the elementary concepts, which are provided by this volume. Emphasis was placed on the practical application of fracture mechanics, but it was aimed to treat the subject in a way that may interest both metallurgists and engineers. For the latter, some general knowledge of fracture mechanisms and fracture criteria is indispensable for an apprecia­ tion of the limita tions of fracture mechanics. Therefore a general discussion is provided on fracture mechanisms, fracture criteria, and other metal­ lurgical aspects, without going into much detail. Numerous references are provided to enable a more detailed study of these subjects which are still in a stage of speculative treatment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI Principles.- 1 Summary of basic problems and concepts.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 A crack in a structure.- 1.3 The stress at a crack tip.- 1.4 The Griffith criterion.- 1.5 The crack opening displacement criterion.- 1.6 Crack propagation.- 1.7 Closure.- 2 Mechanisms of fracture and crack growth.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Cleavage fracture.- 2.3 Ductile fracture.- 2.4 Fatigue cracking.- 2.5 Environment assisted cracking.- 2.6 Service failure analysis.- 3 The elastic crack-tip stress field.- 3.1 The Airy stress function.- 3.2 Complex stress functions.- 3.3 Solution to crack problems.- 3.4 The effect of finite size.- 3.5 Special cases.- 3.6 Elliptical cracks.- 3.7 Some useful expressions.- 4 The crack tip plastic zone.- 4.1 The Irwin plastic zone correction.- 4.2 The Dugdale approach.- 4.3 The shape of the plastic zone.- 4.4 Plane stress versus plane strain.- 4.5 Plastic constraint factor.- 4.6 The thickness effect.- 5 The energy principle.- 5.1 The energy release rate.- 5.2 The criterion for crack growth.- 5.3 The crack resistance (R curve).- 5.4 Compliance.- 5.5 The J integral.- 5.6 Tearing modulus.- 5.7 Stability.- 6 Dynamics and crack arrest.- 6.1 Crack speed and kinetic energy.- 6.2 The dynamic stress intensity and elastic energy release rate.- 6.3 Crack branching.- 6.4 The principles of crack arrest.- 6.5 Crack arrest in practice.- 6.6 Dynamic fracture toughness.- 7 Plane strain fracture toughness.- 7.1 The standard test.- 7.2 Size requirements.- 7.3 Non-linearity.- 7.4 Applicability.- 8 Plane stress and transitional behaviour.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 An engineering concept of plane stress.- 8.3 The R curve concept.- 8.4 The thickness effect.- 8.5 Plane stress testing.- 8.6 Closure.- 9 Elastic-plastic fracture.- 9.1 Fracture beyond general yield.- 9.2 The crack tip opening displacement.- 9.3 The possible use of the CTOD criterion.- 9.4 Experimental determination of CTOd.- 9.5 Parameters affecting the critical CTOD.- 9.6 Limitations, fracture at general yield.- 9.7 Use of the J integral.- 9.8 Limitations of the J integral.- 9.9 Measurement of JIc and JR.- 9.10 Closure.- 10 Fatigue crack propagation.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Crack growth and the stress intensity factor.- 10.3 Factors affecting crack propagation.- 10.4 Variable amplitude service loading.- 10.5 Retardation models.- 10.6 Similitude.- 10.7 Small cracks.- 10.8 Closure.- 11 Fracture resistance of materials.- 11.1 Fracture criteria.- 11.2 Fatigue cracking criteria.- 11.3 The effect of alloying and second phase particles.- 11.4 Effect of processing, anisotropy.- 11.5 Effect of temperature.- 11.6 Closure.- II Applications.- 12 Fail-safety and damage tolerance.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Means to provide fail-safety.- 12.3 Required information for fracture mechanics approach.- 12.4 Closure.- 13 Determination of stress intensity factors.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Analytical and numerical methods.- 13.3 Finite element methods.- 13.4 Experimental methods.- 14 Practical problems.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 Through cracks emanating from holes.- 14.3 Corner cracks at holes.- 14.4 Cracks approaching holes.- 14.5 Combined loading.- 14.6 Fatigue crack growth under mixed mode loading.- 14.7 Biaxial loading.- 14.8 Fracture toughness of weldments.- 14.9 Service failure analysis.- 15 Fracture of structures.- 15.1 Introduction.- 15.2 Pressure vessels and pipelines.- 15.3 “Leak-bcfore-break” criterion.- 15.4 Material selection.- 15.5 The use of the J integral for structural analysis.- 15.6 Collapse analysis.- 15.7 Accuracy of fracture calculations.- 16 Stiffened sheet structures.- 16.1 Introduction.- 16.2 Analysis.- 16.3 Fatigue crack propagation.- 16.4 Residual strength.- 16.5 The R curve and the residual strength of stiffened panels.- 16.6 Other analysis methods.- 16.7 Crack arrest.- 16.8 Closure.- 17 Prediction of fatigue crack growth.- 17.1 Introduction.- 17.2 The load spectrum.- 17.3 Approximation of the stress spectrum.- 17.4 Generation of a stress history.- 17.5 Crack growth integration.- 17.6 Accuracy of predictions.- 17.7 Safety factors.- Author index.","brand":"Springer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743232274775,"sku":"9789024725809","price":104.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"the-plaston-concept-plastic-deformation-in-structural-materials-9789811677144","title":"The Plaston Concept: Plastic Deformation in","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis open access book presents the novel concept of plaston, which accounts for the high ductility or large plastic deformation of emerging high-performance structural materials, including bulk nanostructured metals, hetero-nanostructured materials, metallic glasses, intermetallics, and ceramics.The book describes simulation results of the collective atomic motion associated with plaston, by computational tools such as first-principle methods with predictive performance and large-scale atom-dynamics calculations. Multi-scale analyses with state-of-the art analytical tools nano\/micro pillar deformation and nano-indentation experiments are also described. Finally, through collaborative efforts of experimental and computational work, examples of rational design and development of new structural materials are given, based on accurate understanding of deformation and fracture phenomena.This publication provides a valuable contribution to the field of structural materials research.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart I. Introduction.- 1. Plaston induced plasticity in bulk nanostructured metals.- Part II. Simulation of plaston and plaston induced phenomena.- 2. Nucleation of plaston at surface and interface of metallic materials.- 3. Atomistic study of plaston in nanostructured metals.- 4. First principles calculations of collective motion of atoms in metals.- 5. Machine learning interatomic potentials with controlled accuracy.- 6. First principles calculations of dislocation cores in HCP metals.- Part III. Experimental analyses of plaston.- 7. STEM observation of plaston in alumina.- 8. Micro-pillar deformation experiments of brittle intermetallics in steel.- 9. Nano-indentation study of steels.- 10. Synchrotron x-ray study on plaston in metals.- 11. Improvement of fatigue lifetime by controlling plaston at crack tip.- Part IV. Design and development of high performance structural materials.- 12. Development of bulk nanostructured steels.- 13. Design and development of high Mn steels.- 14. Design and development novel magnesium alloys.","brand":"Springer Verlag, Singapore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743291879767,"sku":"9789811677144","price":40.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789811677144.jpg?v=1720064954"},{"product_id":"the-plaston-concept-plastic-deformation-in-structural-materials-9789811677175","title":"The Plaston Concept: Plastic Deformation in","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis open access book presents the novel concept of plaston, which accounts for the high ductility or large plastic deformation of emerging high-performance structural materials, including bulk nanostructured metals, hetero-nanostructured materials, metallic glasses, intermetallics, and ceramics.The book describes simulation results of the collective atomic motion associated with plaston, by computational tools such as first-principle methods with predictive performance and large-scale atom-dynamics calculations. Multi-scale analyses with state-of-the art analytical tools nano\/micro pillar deformation and nano-indentation experiments are also described. Finally, through collaborative efforts of experimental and computational work, examples of rational design and development of new structural materials are given, based on accurate understanding of deformation and fracture phenomena.This publication provides a valuable contribution to the field of structural materials research.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart I. Introduction.- 1. Plaston induced plasticity in bulk nanostructured metals.- Part II. Simulation of plaston and plaston induced phenomena.- 2. Nucleation of plaston at surface and interface of metallic materials.- 3. Atomistic study of plaston in nanostructured metals.- 4. First principles calculations of collective motion of atoms in metals.- 5. Machine learning interatomic potentials with controlled accuracy.- 6. First principles calculations of dislocation cores in HCP metals.- Part III. Experimental analyses of plaston.- 7. STEM observation of plaston in alumina.- 8. Micro-pillar deformation experiments of brittle intermetallics in steel.- 9. Nano-indentation study of steels.- 10. Synchrotron x-ray study on plaston in metals.- 11. Improvement of fatigue lifetime by controlling plaston at crack tip.- Part IV. Design and development of high performance structural materials.- 12. Development of bulk nanostructured steels.- 13. Design and development of high Mn steels.- 14. Design and development novel magnesium alloys.","brand":"Springer Verlag, Singapore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743292076375,"sku":"9789811677175","price":33.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789811677175.jpg?v=1720064956"},{"product_id":"nondestructive-testing-and-evaluation-of-fiber-reinforced-composite-structures-9789811908477","title":"Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book presents a detailed description of the most common nondestructive testing(NDT) techniques used for the testing and evaluation fiber-reinforced composite structures, during manufacturing and\/or in service stages. In order to facilitate the understanding and the utility of the different NDT techniques presented, the book first provides some information regarding the defects and material degradation mechanisms observed in fiber-reinforced composite structures as well as their general description and most probable causes. It is written based on the extensive scientific research and engineering backgrounds of the authors in the NDT and structural health monitoring (SHM) of structural systems from various areas including electrical, mechanical, materials, civil and biomedical engineering. Pursuing a rigorous approach, the book establishes a fundamental framework for the NDT of fiber-reinforced composite structures, while emphasizing on the importance of technique’s spatial resolution, integrated systems analysis and the significance of the influence stemming from the applicability of the NDT and the physical parameters of the test structures in the selection and utilization of adequate NDT techniques.\u003cbr\u003eThe book is intended for students who are interested in the NDT of fiber-reinforced composite structures, researchers investigating the applicability of different NDT techniques to the inspections of structural systems, and NDT researchers and engineers working on the optimization of NDT systems for specific applications involving the use of fiber-reinforced composite structures.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eForeword by Prof. Shandong. Tu (Academician, Chinese Academy of Engineering).- Preface.- Chapter 1 - Introduction and background of fiber-reinforced composite materials.- Chapter 2 - Introduction to nondestructive testing and evaluation of fiber-reinforced composites.- Chapter 3 - Visual testing for fiber-reinforced composite materials.- Chapter 4 - Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of aerospace composites: ultrasonic techniques.- Chapter 5 - Infrared thermography testing and evaluation of fiber-reinforced composite materials.- Chapter 6 - Terahertz testing technique for fiber-reinforced composite materials.- Chapter 7 - Application of acoustic emission for the inspection of fiber-reinforced composite materials.- Chapter 8 - Other methods.- Chapter 9 – Important conclusions, developments and future trends.- Appendix A: Examples of typical standards in relation to NDT techniques for the inspection of composite structures.","brand":"Springer Verlag, Singapore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743293026647,"sku":"9789811908477","price":132.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789811908477.jpg?v=1720064958"},{"product_id":"semiconductor-wafer-bonding-science-and-technology-33-the-ecs-series-of-texts-and-monographs-9780471574811","title":"Semiconductor Wafer Bonding Science and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThough there has been a lot of scattered information on specific aspects of wafer bonding--a technique for welding semiconductor wafers together without using glue, this is one of the first practical works to bring together a broad range of information into a coherent overview of the field.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBasics of Interactions Between Flat Surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Influence of Particles, Surface Steps, and Cavities.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Surface Preparation and Room-Temperature Wafer Bonding.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Thermal Treatment of Bonded Wafer Pairs.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Thinning Procedures.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Electrical Properties of Bonding Interfaces.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Stresses in Bonded Wafers.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Bonding of Dissimilar Materials.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Bonding of Structured Wafers.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Mainstream Applications.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Emerging and Future Applications.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864650035543,"sku":"9780471574811","price":164.66,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471574811.jpg?v=1722272895"},{"product_id":"fracture-mechanics-theory-applications-research-9781536125009","title":"Fracture Mechanics: Theory, Applications \u0026","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eClassical fracture mechanics that emerged during the 1920s has gained popularity via LEFM from the 1940s to the 1960s. The principles of classical fracture mechanics evolved from experimental observation of the behaviour of glass that contains pre-existing cracks and is largely supported by physical reasoning. Chapter One presents a robust analysis of problems encountered in the field of pipeline networks and boiler components as a result of structural imperfection. Chapter Two deals with an analytical model of cracking, which is induced by thermal stresses in a porous multi-particle-matrix system. This system consists of spherical pores and isotropic spherical particles, which are both periodically distributed in an isotropic infinite matrix. Chapter Three reports on an analytical model of cracking in a multi-particle matrix system with isotropic whiskers, which are periodically distributed in an isotropic infinite matrix.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886071296343,"sku":"9781536125009","price":83.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536125009.jpg?v=1722538715"},{"product_id":"non-destructive-testing-techniques-9781906574062","title":"Non-destructive Testing Techniques","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"New Age International (UK) Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48888406409559,"sku":"9781906574062","price":25.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781906574062.jpg?v=1722549232"},{"product_id":"textbook-of-strength-of-materials-9789385401954","title":"Textbook Of Strength Of Materials","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"S Chand \u0026 Co Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48890050511191,"sku":"9789385401954","price":16.88,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789385401954.jpg?v=1722557190"},{"product_id":"istfa-2021-conference-proceedings-from-the-47th-international-symposium-for-testing-and-failure-analysis-9781627084192","title":"ISTFA 2021: Conference Proceedings from the 47th","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe theme for the 2021 conference was System-in-Package (SiP) technology. Papers include discussions on board and system level failure analysis; detecting counterfeit microelectronics; emerging failure analysis techniques and concepts; future challenges of failure analysis; scanning probe analysis; hardware attacks, security, and reverse engineering; microscopy and material characterization; nanoprobing and electrical characterization; and more.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the 21st century, the electronic market will be driven by consumers with demands of immediate entertainment, fast access to information, and communications anywhere in a personalized fashion and at affordable prices. The new challenge is not how many transistors can be built on a single chip, as in System-on-Chip (SoC), but rather how to integrate diverse circuits together predictably, harmoniously, and cost effectively. Instead of getting twice the transistors for the same cost as Moore's Law predicted in the past 50 years, the goal of SiP is to obtain the same number of transistors for half the cost within less than half the time to market.","brand":"A S M International","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49084208709975,"sku":"9781627084192","price":142.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781627084192.jpg?v=1725551398"},{"product_id":"asm-handbook-volume-17-nondestructive-evaluation-of-materials-9781627081528","title":"ASM Handbook, Volume 17: Nondestructive","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eASM Handbook, Volume 17\u003c\/em\u003e helps readers select, use, and interpret methods used to nondestructively test and analyze engineered products and assemblies. Digital technology is transforming the implementation of NDE and is covered extensively. New case studies and examples illustrate specific NDE techniques and give new insights which are needed to provide the data needed to solve many real-world NDE problems, to understand and measure early degradation, and to give the required data for remaining safe life or prognostic prediction.","brand":"A S M International","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49084208841047,"sku":"9781627081528","price":275.4,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781627081528.jpg?v=1725551399"},{"product_id":"physical-chemistry-of-metallurgical-processes-second-edition-9783030580711","title":"Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Processes,","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis updated, second edition retains its classroom-tested treatment of physical chemistry of metallurgical topics, such as roasting of sulfide minerals, matte smelting, converting, structure, properties and theories of slag, reduction of oxides and reduction smelting, interfacial phenomena, steelmaking, secondary steelmaking, role of halides in extraction of metals, refining, hydrometallurgy and electrometallurgy, and adds new data in worked-out examples as well as up-to-date references to the literature. The book further explains the physical chemistry of various metallurgical topics, steps involved in extraction of metals, such as roasting, matte smelting\/converting, reduction smelting, steelmaking reactions, deoxidation, stainless   steelmaking, vacuum degassing, refining, leaching, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, cementation, gaseous reduction and electrowinning. Each topic is illustrated with appropriate examples of applications of the technique in extraction of some common, reactive, rare, or refractory metal together with worked out problems explaining the principle of the operation. The problems require imagination and critical analyses and also encourage readers for creative application of thermodynamic data in metal extraction.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUpdates and condenses text throughout the book by sequential arrangement of paragraphs in different chapters;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximizes readers’ understanding of the physicochemical principles involved in extraction\/production of common and rare\/reactive metals by pyro- as well as hydrometallurgical routes;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinforces concepts presented with worked examples in each chapter explaining the process steps;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains the physical chemistry of various metallurgical steps, such as roasting, matte smelting\/converting, and reduction smelting, steelmaking, aqueous processing etc. in extraction of metals;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCollects and uniformly presents scattered information on physicochemical principles of metal production from various books and journals. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Roasting of Sulfide Minerals.- Chapter 3. Sulfide Smelting.- Chapter 4. Metallurgical Slag.- Chapter 5. Reduction of Oxides and Reduction Smelting.- Chapter 6. Interfacial Phenomena.- Chapter 7. Steelmaking.- Chapter 8.Secondary Steelmaking.- Chapter 9. Role of Halides in Extraction of Metals.- Chapter 10. Refining.- Chapter 11. Hydrometallurgy.- Chapter 12. Electrometallurgy. ","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49084751249751,"sku":"9783030580711","price":59.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030580711.jpg?v=1725553223"},{"product_id":"transmission-electron-microscopy-9780387765006","title":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe new edition also includes an extensive collection of questions for the student, providing approximately 800 self-assessment questions and over 400 questions suitable for homework assignment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom the reviews of the second edition:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“This book is intended to be used as a textbook for material science students studying the theory, operation, and application of the TEM. It is truly a book so thoughtfully written that … it will provide a solid foundation for those studying material science. It is richly illustrated with full-color figures and illustrations throughout the text. … There are an abundant number of references at the end of each chapter for further study … . This is an outstanding book … .” (IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol. 26 (4), July\/August, 2010)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“D.B. Williams and C.B. Carter have now prepared a new edition, splendidly produced by Springer with colour throughout. … This textbook is magnificent, written in a very readable style, immensely knowledgeable, drawing attention to difficulties and occasionally to unsolved problems. Any microscopist who has mastered … the book relevant to his projects will be well armed for battle. … Buy this book!” (P. W. Hawkes, Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 110, 2010)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBasics.- The Transmission Electron Microscope.- Scattering and Diffraction.- Elastic Scattering.- Inelastic Scattering and Beam Damage.- Electron Sources.- Lenses, Apertures, and Resolution.- How to ‘See’ Electrons.- Pumps and Holders.- The Instrument.- Specimen Preparation.- Diffraction.- Diffraction in TEM.- Thinking in Reciprocal Space.- Diffracted Beams.- Bloch Waves.- Dispersion Surfaces.- Diffraction from Crystals.- Diffraction from Small Volumes.- Obtaining and Indexing Parallel-Beam Diffraction Patterns.- Kikuchi Diffraction.- Obtaining CBED Patterns.- Using Convergent-Beam Techniques.- Imaging.- Amplitude Contrast.- Phase-Contrast Images.- Thickness and Bending Effects.- Planar Defects.- Imaging Strain Fields.- Weak-Beam Dark-Field Microscopy.- High-Resolution TEM.- Other Imaging Techniques.- Image Simulation.- Processing and Quantifying Images.- Spectrometry.- X-ray Spectrometry.- X-ray Spectra and Images.- Qualitative X-ray Analysis and Imaging.- Quantitative X-ray Analysis.- Spatial Resolution and Minimum Detection.- Electron Energy-Loss Spectrometers and Filters.- Low-Loss and No-Loss Spectra and Images.- High Energy-Loss Spectra and Images.- Fine Structure and Finer Details.","brand":"Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49401972588887,"sku":"9780387765006","price":98.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780387765006.jpg?v=1730479007"},{"product_id":"handbook-of-measurement-science-volume-1-9780471100379","title":"Handbook of Measurement Science Volume 1","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis handbook stresses the enduring theoretical principles of the design of measurement systems. The material is organized to correspond to the sequence in which a management system is first conceived, then designed, built, installed, and maintained.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePartial table of contents:\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Theory and Philosophy of Measurement (L. Finklestein).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Standardization of Measurement Fundamentals and Practices (P. H.Sydenham).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Signals and Systems in the Time and Frequency Domain (E. G.Woschni).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Discrete Signals and Frequency Spectra (M. J. Miller).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Measurement Errors, Probability and Information Theory (D.Hofmann).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Signal-to-noise Ratio Improvement (D. M. Munroe).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Transmission of Data (R. W. Grimes).","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402486489431,"sku":"9780471100379","price":821.66,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471100379.jpg?v=1730480558"},{"product_id":"handbook-of-measurement-science-volume-2-9780471104933","title":"Handbook of Measurement Science Volume 2","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis handbook stresses the enduring theoretical principles of the design of measurement systems. The material is organized to correspond to the sequence in which a management system is first conceived, then designed, built, installed, and maintained.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePartial table of contents:\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Static and Steady-State Considerations (P. Sydenham).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Fundamentals of Transducers: Description by Mathematical Models (L.Finkelstein \u0026amp; R. Watts).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Measurement of Electrical Signals and Quantities (L.Schnell).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Electrical and Electronic Regime of Measuring Instruments (P.Sydenham).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Transducer Practice: Displacement (P. Sydenham).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Transducer Practice: Thermal (P. Sydenham).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Design and Manufacture of Measurement Systems (F. Peuscher).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Management of Existing Measurement Systems (J. Hobson).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Sources of Information on Measurement (P. Sydenham).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e References.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402488193367,"sku":"9780471104933","price":821.66,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471104933.jpg?v=1730480558"},{"product_id":"theory-and-practice-of-infrared-technology-for-nondestructive-testing-9780471181903","title":"Theory and Practice of Infrared Technology for","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book includes fundamental concepts of theory, instrumentation, and experimental practice as well as practical applications. An important chapter setting the book apart from other publications describes the properties of materials and presents case studies from industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"A textbook to be used in a curriculum of advanced material engineering, with enough practical aspects covered to support associated laboratory sessions as well.\" (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 3, September 2001)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Getting Started with Thermography for Nondestructive Testing.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Introduction to Thermal Emission.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Introduction to Heat Transfer.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Infrared Sensors and Optic Fundamentals.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Images.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Automated Image Analysis.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Materials.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Experimental Concepts.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e ACTIVE THERMOGRAPHY.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Active Thermography.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Quantitative Data Analysis in Active Thermography.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e ACTIVE AND PASSIVE THERMOGRAPHY: CASE STUDIES.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Applications.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e References and Bibliography.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendix A: Computer Model.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendix B: Smoothing Routing.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendix C: Parabola Computations.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendix D: Higher-Order Gradient Computations Based on the Roberts Gradient.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendix E: Properties of Metals and Nonmetals.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendix F: Matlab M-Scripts Available.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402516472151,"sku":"9780471181903","price":199.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471181903.jpg?v=1730480627"},{"product_id":"a-guide-to-materials-characterization-and-chemical-analysis-9780471186335","title":"A Guide to Materials Characterization and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWritten both for the novice and for the experienced scientist, this miniature encyclopedia concisely describes over one hundred materials methodologies, including evaluation, chemical analysis, and physical testing techniques. Each technique is presented in terms of its use, sample requirements, and the engineering principles behind its methodology. Real life industrial and academic applications are also described to give the reader an understanding of the significance and utilization of technique. There is also a discussion of the limitations of each technique.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrom the Contents:\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\/\u003cbr\u003e Molecular Spectroscopy\/\u003cbr\u003e Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy\/\u003cbr\u003e Mass Spectrometry\/\u003cbr\u003e Separation Techniques\/\u003cbr\u003e Elemental and Chemical Analysis\/\u003cbr\u003e X-Ray Analysis\/\u003cbr\u003e Microscopy\/\u003cbr\u003e Image Analysis\/\u003cbr\u003e Surface Analysis\/\u003cbr\u003e Thermal Analysis\/\u003cbr\u003e Rheology and Molecular Weight of Polymers\/\u003cbr\u003e Physical Properties of Particles and Polymers\/\u003cbr\u003e Physical Testing\/\u003cbr\u003e Scientific Computation.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402519060823,"sku":"9780471186335","price":167.36,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471186335.jpg?v=1730480639"},{"product_id":"built-in-test-for-vlsi-9780471624639","title":"Built in Test for VLSI","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis handbook provides ready access to all of the major concepts, techniques, problems, and solutions in the emerging field of pseudorandom pattern testing. Until now, the literature in this area has been widely scattered, and published work, written by professionals in several disciplines, has treated notation and mathematics in ways that vary from source to source. This book opens with a clear description of the shortcomings of conventional testing as applied to complex digital circuits, revewing by comparison the principles of design for testability of more advanced digital technology. Offers in-depth discussions of test sequence generation and response data compression, including pseudorandom sequence generators; the mathematics of shift-register sequences and their potential for built-in testing. Also details random and memory testing and the problems of assessing the efficiency of such tests, and the limitations and practical concerns of built-in testing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDigital Testing and the Need for Testable Design.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Principles of Testable Design.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Pseudorandom Sequence Generators.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Test Response Compression Techniques.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Shift-Register Polynomial Division.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Special-Purpose Shift-Register Circuits.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Random Pattern Built-In Test.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Built-In Test Structures.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Limitations and Other Concerns of Random Pattern Testing.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Test System Requirements for Built-In Test.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendix.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e References.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402646135127,"sku":"9780471624639","price":196.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471624639.jpg?v=1730481095"},{"product_id":"dynamic-analysis-and-failure-modes-of-simple-structures-9780471635055","title":"Dynamic Analysis and Failure Modes of Simple","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOffers practical coverage of vibration stresses and stress-induced displacements, isolation of sensitive components, and evaluation of elastic instability, fatigue and fracture as potential failure modes that arise in mechanical designs and aerospace. The approach taken is particularly useful in the early design stage--the physical problem is defined via known paramaters and a methodology is given for determining the unknown quantities and relating them to specified limiting values and failure modes to obtain an acceptable design. Many of the calculations can be performed on a PC or programmable calculator.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMechanical Loads and Failure Modes.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Natural Frequency of Simple Components.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Natural Frequency of Simple Structures.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Random Vibration.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Shock.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Isolation.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Fatigue.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Fracture.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Elastic Instability.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Structural Analysis of Mounted Housings.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Venting.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Thermal Analysis.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e References.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendices.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402647380311,"sku":"9780471635055","price":163.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471635055.jpg?v=1730481102"},{"product_id":"failure-mechanisms-in-semiconductor-devices-9780471954828","title":"Failure Mechanisms in Semiconductor Devices","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFailure Mechanisms in Semiconductor Devices Second Edition E. Ajith Amerasekera Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas, USA Farid N. Najm University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Since the successful first edition of Failure Mechanisms in Semiconductor Devices, semiconductor technology has become increasingly important. The high complexity of today''s integrated circuits has engendered a demand for greater component reliability. Reflecting the need for guaranteed performance in consumer applications, this thoroughly updated edition includes more detailed material on reliability modelling and prediction. The book analyses the main failure mechanisms in terms of cause, effects and prevention and explains the mathematics behind reliability analysis. The authors detail methodologies for the identification of failures and describe the approaches for building reliability into semiconductor devices. Their thorough yet accessible text covers the physics of failure mechanisms from the semiconduc\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReliability Mathematics.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Principal Failure Mechanisms.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Failure Mechanisms in Technologies and Circuits.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Reliability Testing.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Reliability Prediction.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Screening.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Failure Analysis.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Quality Assurance.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendix.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Indexes.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402690994519,"sku":"9780471954828","price":176.36,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471954828.jpg?v=1730481246"},{"product_id":"buckling-experiments-v-1-experimental-methods-in-buckling-of-thinwalled-structures-basic-concepts-columns-beams-and-plates-buckling-experiments-volume-1-9780471956617","title":"Buckling Experiments V 1 Experimental Methods in","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA practical guide to effectively analyzing t thin shell mechanical structures by discretizing methods. The relativity and implementation of these methods are important to solve engineering problems in the areas of dams, turbine blades, shell junctions, buckling loads and shape optimization.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConcepts of Elastic Stability.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Postbuckling Behavior of Structures.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Elements of a Simple Buckling Test--A Column Under Axial Compression.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Modelling--Theory and Practice.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Columns, Beams and Frameworks.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Arches and Rings.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Plate Buckling.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e References.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Indexes.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402692469079,"sku":"9780471956617","price":217.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471956617.jpg?v=1730481250"},{"product_id":"theoretical-and-experimental-modal-analysis-mechanical-engineering-research-studies-engineering-dynamics-series-9780863802089","title":"Theoretical and Experimental Modal Analysis","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eModal analysis is a discipline that has developed considerably during the last 30 years.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eTheoretical and Experimental Modal Analysis\u003c\/i\u003e is a new book on modal analysis aimed at a wide range of readers, from academics such as post-graduate students and researchers, to engineers in many industries who use modal analysis tools and need to improve their knowledge of the subject. Divided into eight chapters, the book ranges from the basics of vibration theory and signal processing to more advanced topics, including identification techniques, substructural coupling, structural modification, updating of finite element models and nonlinear modal analysis. There is also an entire chapter dedicated to vibration testing techniques. It has been written with a diversity of potential readers in mind, so that all will be able to follow the book easily and assimilate the concepts involved.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSignal processing; modal testing practice; modal identification methods; coupling; structural modification; updating; non-linear modal analysis.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406383882583,"sku":"9780863802089","price":74.66,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780863802089.jpg?v=1730495607"},{"product_id":"bioluminescence-9781071624524","title":"Bioluminescence","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis detailed collection explores recent advances in molecular imaging techniques involving bioluminescence, currently employed in biolaboratories around the world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I: Establishment of Luciferins and Luciferases\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Gene Cloning and Functional Analysis of the Luciferase from Luminous Syllids of the Genus \u003ci\u003eOdontosyllis\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Rie Yasuno, Yasuo Mitani, and Yoshihiro Ohmiya\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Synthetic Coelenterazine Derivatives and Their Application for Bioluminescence Imaging\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Tianyu Jiang and Minyong Li\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Visible Light Bioluminescence Imaging Platform for Animal Cell Imaging\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Nobuo Kitada, Shojiro Maki, and Sung-Bae Kim\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Biosynthesis-Inspired Deracemizative Production of D-Luciferin In Vitro by Combining Luciferase and Thioesterase\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Kazuki Niwa and Dai-ichiro Kato\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Production of Metridia Luciferase in Native Form by Oxidative Refolding from E. coli Inclusion Bodies\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Svetlana V. Markova, Marina D. Larionova, and Eugene S. Vysotski\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Production of Copepod Luciferases via Baculovirus Expression System\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Marina D. Larionova, Svetlana V. Markova, and Eugene S. Vysotski\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. Molecular Tension Probe for In Vitro Bioassays\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Sung-Bae Kim, Rika Fujii, Simon Miller, and Mikio Tanabe\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II: Basic In Vitro Applications\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. Optimized Loop-Mediated Amplification (LAMP) Allows Single Copy Detection Using Bioluminescent Assay in Real Time (BART)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Patrick Hardinge\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. A Simple and Rapid Bioluminescence-Based Functional Assay of Organic Anion Transporter 1 as a d-Luciferin Transporter\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Katsuhisa Inoue, Koki Sugiyama, and Takahito Furuya\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. A Simple Bioluminescent Assay for the Screening of Cytotoxic Molecules against the Intracellular Form of \u003ci\u003eLeishmania infantum\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Diego Benítez, Andrea Medeiros, Cristina Quiroga, and Marcelo A. Comini\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11. A Simple, Robust, and Affordable Bioluminescent Assay for Drug Screening against Infective African Trypanosomes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Estefania Dibello, Marcelo A. Comini, and Diego Benítez\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12. Imaging of Autonomous Bioluminescence Emission from Single Mammalian Cells\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Carola Gregor\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13. Rapid Single-Cell Detection of Beer-contaminating Lactic Acid Bacteria Using Bioluminescence\/Rapid Microbe Detection\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Toshihiro Takahashi and Yasukazu Nakakita\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14. Bioluminescence of \u003ci\u003eAliivibrio fischeri\u003c\/i\u003e in Artificial Seawater and Its Application in Fungicide Sensing\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Hitomi Kuwahara and Hiroshi Morita\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15. A Bioluminescence Reporter Assay for Retinoic Acid Control of Translation of the GluR1 Subunit of the AMPA Glutamate Receptor\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Thabat Khatib, Berndt Müller, and Peter McCaffery\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16. Design of an Intron-Retained Bioluminescence Reporter and Its Application in Imaging of Pre-mRNA Splicing in Living Subjects\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Fu Wang, Si Chen, Haifeng Zheng, and Bin Guo\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17. Generation of Bi-Reporter Expressing Tri-Segmented Arenavirus\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Chengjin Ye and Luis Martinez-Sobrido\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18. Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Desarey Morales Vasquez, Kevin Chiem, Chengjin Ye, and Luis Martinez-Sobrido\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19. Generation, Characterization, and Applications of Influenza A Reporter Viruses\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Kevin Chiem, Aitor Nogales, and Luis Martinez-Sobrido\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III: Basic In Vivo Applications\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20. Optimized Aequorin Reconstitution Protocol to Visualize Calcium Ion Transients in the Heart of Transgenic Zebrafish Embryos In Vivo\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Manuel Vicente, Jussep Salgado-Almario, Antonio Martínez-Sielva, Juan Llopis, and Beatriz Domingo\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21. Quantification and Imaging of Exosomes via Luciferase-Fused Exosome Marker Proteins: ExoLuc System\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Tomoya Hikita and Chitose Oneyama\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22. Bioluminescent Tracking of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Toshinobu Nishimura, Kouta Niizuma, and Hiromitsu Nakauchi\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23. Noninvasive In Vivo Tracking of Mammalian Cells Stably Expressing Firefly Luciferase\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Yang Bi, Nannan Zhang, and Yun He\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24. Bioluminescence Imaging for Evaluation of Antitumor Effect In Vitro and In Vivo\u003ci\u003e \u003c\/i\u003ein Mice Xenografted Tumor Models\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Kazuhide Sato\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25. Detection of Spontaneous Bone Metastases of Solid Human Tumor Xenografts in Mice\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Vera Labitzky, Ursula Valentiner, and Tobias Lange\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26. In Vivo Imaging Analysis of an Inner Ear Drug Delivery in Mice: Comparison of Inner Ear Drug Concentrations Over Time\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Sho Kanzaki, Shinsuke Shibata, Masaya Nakamura, Masahiro Ozaki, and Hideyuki Okano\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27. Protocols for the Evaluation of a Lymphatic Drug Delivery System Combined with Bioluminescence to Treat Metastatic Lymph Nodes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Ariunbuyan Sukhbaatar and Tetsuya Kodama\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28. In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging of Rabies Virus Infection and Evaluation of Antiviral Drug\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Kentaro Yamada and Akira Nishizono\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29. Imaging Infection by Vector-Borne Protozoan Parasites Using Whole-Mouse Bioluminescence\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Mónica Sá, David Mendes Costa, and Joana Tavares\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30. Longitudinal Tracing of Lyssavirus Infection in Mice via In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Kate E. Mastraccio, Celeste Huaman, Eric D. Laing, Christopher C. Broder, and Brian C. Schaefer\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV: Multiplex Imaging Platforms\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e31. Dual-Luciferase-Based Fast and Sensitive Detection of Malaria Hypnozoites for the Discovery of Anti-Relapse Compounds\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Annemarie M. Voorberg-van der Wel, Anne-Marie Zeeman, Ivonne G. Nieuwenhuis, Nicole M. van der Werff, and Clemens H. M. Kocken\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e32. Synthetic Assembly DNA Cloning of Multiplex Hextuple Luciferase Reporter Plasmids\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Alejandro Sarrion-Perdigones, Yezabel Gonzalez, and Koen J.T. Venken\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e33. Multiplex Hextuple Luciferase Assaying\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Alejandro Sarrion-Perdigones, Yezabel Gonzalez, Lyra Chang, Tatiana Gallego-Flores, Damian W. Young, and Koen J.T. Venken\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e34. Molecular Imaging of Tumor Progression and Angiogenesis by Dual Bioluminescence\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e            Yue Liu, Ziyu Huang, and Zongjin Li\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406772412759,"sku":"9781071624524","price":170.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781071624524.jpg?v=1730497057"},{"product_id":"modeling-and-estimation-of-structural-damage-9781118777053","title":"Modeling and Estimation of Structural Damage","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eModelling and Estimation of Damage in Structures is a comprehensiveguide to solving the type of modelling and estimation problems associated with the physics of structural damage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Users' Guide 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Modeling and Estimation Overview 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Motivation 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Structural Health Monitoring 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Data-Driven Approaches 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Physics-Based Approach 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Organization and Scope 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Probability 21\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Probability Basics 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Probability Distributions 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Multivariate Distributions, Conditional Probability, and Independence 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Functions of Random Variables 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Expectations and Moments 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Moment-Generating Functions and Cumulants 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Random Processes 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Properties of a Random Process 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Stationarity 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Spectral Analysis 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Spectral Representation of Deterministic Signals 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Spectral Representation of Stochastic Signals 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Power Spectral Density 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Relationship to Correlation Functions 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Higher Order Spectra 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Markov Models 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Information Theoretics 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Mutual Information 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Transfer Entropy 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Random Process Models for Structural Response Data 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Modeling in Structural Dynamics 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Why Build Mathematical Models? 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Good Versus Bad Models – An Example 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Elements of Modeling 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Newton's Laws 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Background to Variational Methods 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Variational Mechanics 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Lagrange's Equations 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Hamilton's Principle 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Common Challenges 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Impact Problems 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Stress Singularities and Cracking 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Solution Techniques 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Analytical Techniques I – Ordinary Differential Equations 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Analytical Techniques II – Partial Differential Equations 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Local Discretizations 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Global Discretizations 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Volterra Series for Nonlinear Systems 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Physics-Based Model Examples 143\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Imperfection Modeling in Plates 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Cracks as Imperfections 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Boundary Imperfections: In-Plane Slippage 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Delamination in a Composite Beam 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Bolted Joint Degradation: Quasi-static Approach 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 The Model 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Experimental System and Procedure 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Results and Discussion 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Bolted Joint Degradation: Dynamic Approach 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Corrosion Damage 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Beam on a Tensionless Foundation 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Equilibrium Equations and Their Solutions 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Boundary Conditions 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Results 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Cracked, Axially Moving Wires 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Some Useful Concepts from Fracture Mechanics 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 The Effect of a Crack on the Local Stiffness 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Limitations 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.4 Equations of Motion 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.5 Natural Frequencies and Stability 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.6 Results 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Estimating Statistical Properties of Structural Response Data 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Estimator Bias and Variance 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Method of Maximum Likelihood 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Ergodicity 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Power Spectral Density and Correlation Functions for LTI Systems 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Estimation of Power Spectral Density 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Estimation of Correlation Functions 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Estimating Higher Order Spectra 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Coherence Functions 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Bispectral Density Estimation 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Analytical Bicoherence for Non-Gaussian Signals 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Trispectral Density Function 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Estimation of Information Theoretics 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Generating Random Processes 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1 Review of Basic Concepts 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2 Data with a Known Covariance and Gaussian Marginal PDF 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.3 Data with a Known Covariance and Arbitrary Marginal PDF 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.4 Examples 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Stationarity Testing 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Reverse Arrangement Test 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 Evolutionary Spectral Testing 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Hypothesis Testing and Intervals of Confidence 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.1 Detection Strategies 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.2 Detector Performance 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.3 Intervals of Confidence 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Parameter Estimation for Structural Systems 333\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Method of Maximum Likelihood 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Linear Least Squares 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Finite Element Model Updating 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Modified Differential Evolution for Obtaining MLEs 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4 Structural Damage MLE Example 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.5 Estimating Time of Flight for Ultrasonic Applications 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Bayesian Estimation 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Conjugacy 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Using Conjugacy to Assess Algorithm Performance 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Methods 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Gibbs Sampling 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.5 Conditional Conjugacy: Sampling the Noise Variance 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.6 Beam Example Revisited 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.7 Population-Based MCMC 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Multimodel Inference 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Model Comparison via AIC 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Reversible Jump MCMC 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Detecting Damage-Induced Nonlinearity 403\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Capturing Nonlinearity 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Higher Order Cumulants 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Higher Order Spectral Coefficients 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Nonlinear Prediction Error 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.4 Information Theoretics 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Bolted Joint Revisited 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Composite Joint Experiment 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Kurtosis Results 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Spectral Results 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Bispectral Detection: The Single Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF), Gaussian Case 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Bispectral Detection Statistic 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Test Statistic Distribution 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Detector Performance 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Bispectral Detection: the General Multi-Degree-of-Freedom (MDOF) Case 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Bicoherence Detection Statistic Distribution 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Which Bicoherence to Compute? 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Optimal Input Probability Distribution for Detection 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Application of the HOS to Delamination Detection 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Method of Surrogate Data 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Fourier Transform-Based Surrogates 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 AAFT Surrogates 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.3 IAFFT Surrogates 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.4 DFT Surrogates 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Numerical Surrogate Examples 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Detection of Bilinear Stiffness 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.2 Detecting Cubic Stiffness 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.3 Surrogate Invariance to Ambient Variation 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Surrogate Experiments 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.1 Detection of Rotor – Stator Rub 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.2 Bolted Joint Degradation with Ocean Wave Excitation 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Surrogates for Nonstationary Data 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Chapter Summary 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Damage Identification 481\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Modeling and Identification of Imperfections in Shell Structures 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Modeling of Submerged Shell Structures 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Non-Contact Results Using Maximum Likelihood 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Bayesian Identification of Dents 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Modeling and Identification of Delamination 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Modeling and Identification of Cracked Structures 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Cracked Plate Model 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Crack Parameter Identification 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Optimization of Sensor Placement 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Modeling and Identification of Corrosion 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Experimental Setup 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Results and Discussion 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Chapter Summary 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Decision Making in Condition-Based Maintenance 543\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Structured Decision Making 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Example: Ship in Transit 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Loading Data 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Ship \"Stringer\" Model 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Cumulative Fatigue Model 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Optimal Transit 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Problem Statement 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Solutions via Dynamic Programming 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Transit Examples 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Summary 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A Useful Constants and Probability Distributions 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B Contour Integration of Spectral Density Functions 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C Derivation of Terms for the Trispectrum of an MDOF Nonlinear Structure 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.1 Simplification of CVIII pijk (τ1, τ2, τ3) 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2 Submanifold Terms in the Trispectrum 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.3 Complete Trispectrum Expression 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 587\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406921539927,"sku":"9781118777053","price":94.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118777053.jpg?v=1730497567"},{"product_id":"structural-reliability-analysis-and-prediction-9781119265993","title":"Structural Reliability Analysis and Prediction","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eStructural Reliability Analysis and Prediction, Third Edition\u003c\/i\u003e is a textbook which addresses the important issue of predicting the safety of structures at the design stage and also the safety of existing, perhaps deteriorating structures. Attention is focused on the development and definition of limit states such as serviceability and ultimate strength, the definition of failure and the various models which might be used to describe strength and loading. This book emphasises concepts and applications, built up from basic principles and avoids undue mathematical rigour. It presents an accessible and unified account of the theory and techniques for the analysis of the reliability of engineering structures using probability theory.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis new edition has been updated to cover new developments and applications and a new chapter is included which covers structural optimization in the context of reliability analysis. New examples and end of chapter problems are also now include\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the First Edition xviii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xx\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Measures of Structural Reliability \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Deterministic Measures of Limit State Violation 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Factor of Safety 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Load Factor 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Partial Factor (‘Limit State Design’) 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 A Deficiency in Some Safety Measures: Lack of Invariance 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Invariant Safety Measures 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 A Partial Probabilistic Safety Measure of Limit State Violation—The Return Period 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Probabilistic Measure of Limit State Violation 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Introduction 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 The Basic Reliability Problem 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Special Case: Normal Random Variables 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Safety Factors and Characteristic Values 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Numerical Integration of the Convolution Integral 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Generalized Reliability Problem 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Basic Variables 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Generalized Limit State Equations 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3 Generalized Reliability Problem Formulation 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.4 Conditional Reliability Problems∗ 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Conclusion 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Structural Reliability Assessment \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Uncertainties in Reliability Assessment 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Identification of Uncertainties 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Phenomenological Uncertainty 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Decision Uncertainty 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Modelling Uncertainty 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Prediction Uncertainty 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 Physical Uncertainty 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.7 Statistical Uncertainty 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.8 Uncertainties Due to Human Factors 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.8.1 Human Error 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.8.2 Human Intervention 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.8.3 Modelling of Human Error and Intervention 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.8.4 Quality Assurance 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.8.5 Hazard Management 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Integrated Risk Assessment 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Calculation of the Probability of Failure 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Analysis and Prediction 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Comparison to Failure Data 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Validation—a Philosophical Issue 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 The Tail Sensitivity ‘Problem’ 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Criteria for Risk Acceptability 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Acceptable Risk Criterion 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1.1 Risks in Society 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1.2 Acceptable or Tolerable Risk Levels 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Socio-economic Criterion 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Nominal Probability of Failure 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 General 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Axiomatic Definition 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Influence of Gross and Other Errors 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 Practical Implications 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.5 Target Values for Nominal Failure Probability 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Hierarchy of Structural Reliability Measures 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Conclusion 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Integration and Simulation Methods \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Direct and Numerical Integration 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Monte Carlo Simulation 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Introduction 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Generation of Uniformly Distributed Random Numbers 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Generation of Random Variates 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Direct Sampling (‘Crude’ Monte Carlo) 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Number of Samples Required 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.6 Variance Reduction 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.7 Stratified and Latin Hypercube Sampling 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Importance Sampling 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Theory of Importance Sampling 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Importance Sampling Functions 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Observations About Importance Sampling Functions 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Improved Sampling Functions 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Search or Adaptive Techniques 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.6 Sensitivity 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Directional Simulation∗ 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Basic Notions 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Directional Simulation with Importance Sampling 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Generalized Directional Simulation 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Directional Simulation in the Load Space 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4.1 Basic Concept 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4.2 Variation of Strength with Radial Direction 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4.3 Line Sampling 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Practical Aspects of Monte Carlo Simulation 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Conditional Expectation 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Generalized Limit State Function – Response Surfaces 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Systematic Selection of Random Variables 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 Applications 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Conclusion 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Second-Moment and Transformation Methods \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Second-Moment Concepts 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 First-Order Second-Moment (FOSM) Theory 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 The Hasofer–Lind Transformation 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Linear Limit State Function 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Sensitivity Factors and Gradient Projection 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Non-Linear Limit State Function—General Case 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Non-Linear Limit State Function—Numerical Solution 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 Non-Linear Limit State Function—HLRF Algorithm 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.7 Geometric Interpretation of Iterative Solution Scheme 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.8 Interpretation of First-Order Second-Moment (FOSM) Theory 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.9 General Limit State Functions—Probability Bounds 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 The First-Order Reliability (FOR) Method 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Simple Transformations 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 The Normal Tail Transformation 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Transformations to Independent Normal Basic Variables 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.1 Rosenblatt Transformation 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.2 Nataf Transformation 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Algorithm for First-Order Reliability (FOR) Method 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.5 Observations 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.6 Asymptotic Formulation 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Second-Order Reliability (SOR) Methods 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Basic Concept 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Evaluation Through Sampling 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Evaluation Through Asymptotic Approximation 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Application of FOSM\/FOR\/SOR Methods 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Mean Value Methods 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Conclusion 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Reliability of Structural Systems \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e131\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Systems Reliability Fundamentals 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Structural System Modelling 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.1 Load Modelling 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.2 Material Modelling 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.3 System Modelling 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Solution Approaches 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.1 Failure Mode Approach 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.2 Survival Mode Approach 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.3 Upper and Lower Bounds—Plastic Theory 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Idealizations of Structural Systems 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3.1 Series Systems 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3.2 Parallel Systems—General 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3.3 Parallel Systems—Ideal Plastic 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3.4 Combined and Conditional Systems 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Monte Carlo Techniques for Systems 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 General Remarks 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Importance Sampling 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1 Series Systems 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2 Parallel Systems 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.3 Search-Type Approaches in Importance Sampling 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.4 Failure Modes Identification in Importance Sampling 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Directional Simulation 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Directional Simulation in the Load Space 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 System Reliability Bounds 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 First-Order Series Bounds 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Second-Order Series Bounds 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Second-Order Series Bounds by Loading Sequences 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Series Bounds by Modes and Loading Sequences 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.5 Improved Series Bounds and Parallel System Bounds 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.6 First-Order Second-Moment Method in Systems Reliability 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.7 Correlation Effects 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.8 Bounds by Matrix Operations and Linear Programming* 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Implicit Limit States 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Introduction 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Response Surfaces 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2.1 Basics of Response Surfaces 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2.2 Fitting the Response Surface 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Applications of Response Surfaces 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4 Other Techniques for Obtaining Surrogate Limit States 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Functionally Dependent Limit States 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Effect of Order of Loading 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Failure Mode Enumeration and Reduction 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Reduction of Number of Limit States—Truncation 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4 Applications 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Conclusion 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Time-Dependent Reliability \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e179\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Time-Integrated Approach 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Basic Notions 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Conversion to a Time-Independent Format* 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Discretized Approach 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Known Number of Discrete Events 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Random Number of Discrete Events 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Return Period 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Hazard Function 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Stochastic Process Theory 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Stochastic Process 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Stationary Processes 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Derivative Process 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Ergodic Processes 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.5 First-Passage Probability 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.6 Distribution of Local Maxima 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Stochastic Processes and Outcrossings 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Discrete Processes 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.1 Borges Processes 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.2 Poisson Counting Process 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.3 Filtered Poisson process 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.4 Poisson Spike Process 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.5 Poisson Square Wave Process 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.6 Renewal Processes 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Continuous Processes 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Barrier (or Level) Upcrossing Rate 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Outcrossing Rate 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4.1 Generalization from Barrier Crossing Rate 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4.2 Outcrossings for Discrete Processes 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4.3 Outcrossings for Continuous Gaussian Processes 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4.4 General Regions and Processes 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.5 Numerical Evaluation of Outcrossing Rates 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Time-Dependent Reliability 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Introduction 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Sampling Methods for Unconditional Failure Probability 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2.1 Importance and Conditional Sampling 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2.2 Directional Simulation in the Load Process Space 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 FOSM\/FOR Methods for Unconditional Failure Probability 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4 Summary for Time-Dependent Reliability Estimation 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Load Combinations 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1 Introduction 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2 General Formulation 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.3 Discrete Processes 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.4 Simplifications 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.4.1 Load Coincidence Method 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.4.2 Borges Processes 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.4.3 Deterministic Load Combination—Turkstra’s Rule 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Ensemble Crossing Rate and Barrier Failure Dominance 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Introduction 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 Ensemble Crossing Rate Approximation 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.3 Application to Turkstra’s Rule and the Point Crossing Formula 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.4 Barrier Failure Dominance 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.5 Validity 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Dynamic Analysis of Structures 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.1 Introduction 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.2 Frequency Domain Analysis 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.3 Reliability Analysis 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Fatigue Analysis 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.1 General Formulation 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2 The S-N Model 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.3 Fracture Mechanics Models 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Conclusion 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Load and Load Effect Modelling \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Wind Loading 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Wave Loading 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Floor Loading 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 General 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Sustained Load Representation 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Equivalent Uniformly Distributed Load 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Distribution of Equivalent Uniformly Distributed Load 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5 Maximum (Lifetime) Sustained Load 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.6 Extraordinary Live Loads 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.7 Total Live Load 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.8 Permanent and Construction Loads 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Conclusion 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Resistance Modelling \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e273\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Basic Properties of Hot-Rolled Steel Members 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Steel Material Properties 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Yield Strength 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Moduli of Elasticity 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Strain-Hardening Properties 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.5 Size Variation 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.6 Properties for Reliability Assessment 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Properties of Steel Reinforcing Bars 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Concrete Statistical Properties 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Statistical Properties of Structural Members 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Introduction 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Methods of Analysis 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Second-moment Analysis 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 Simulation 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Connections 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Incorporation of Member Strength in Design 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Conclusion 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Codes and Structural Reliability \u003c\/b\u003e293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Structural Design Codes 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Safety-Checking Formats 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Probability-Based Code Rules 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Partial Factors Code Format 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Simplified Partial Factors Code Format 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Load and Resistance Factor Code Format 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.5 Some Observations 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Relationship Between Level 1 and Level 2 Safety Measures 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Derivation from FOSM \/ FOR Theory 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Special Case: Linear Limit State Function 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Selection of Code Safety Levels 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Code Calibration Procedure 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Example of Code Calibration 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Observations 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.1 Applications 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.2 Some Theoretical Issues 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Performance-Based Design 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Conclusion 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Probabilistic Evaluation of Existing Structures \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Assessment Procedures 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Overall Procedure 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Service-Proven Structures 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Proof Loading 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Updating Probabilistic Information 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Bayes Theorem 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Updating Failure Probabilities for Proof Loads 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Updating Probability Density Functions 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Pre-Posterior Analysis 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Analytical Assessment 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 General 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Models for Deterioration 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Acceptance Criteria for Existing Structures 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Nominal Probabilities 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Semi-Probabilistic Safety Checking Formats 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Probabilistic Criteria 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.4 Decision-Theory-Based Criteria 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.5 Life-Cycle Decision Approach 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Conclusion 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Structural Optimization and Reliability \u003c\/b\u003e345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Types of Reliability-based Optimization Problems 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Introduction 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Deterministic Design Optimization (DDO) 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2.1 Formulation 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2.2 Example of DDO Using FOSM 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3.1 Formulation 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3.2 Example of RBDO using FOSM 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Life-Cycle Cost and Risk Optimization (LCRO) 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4.1 Formulation 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4.2 Example of LCRO using FOSM 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Comparison, Summary and Outlook 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Reliability Based Design Optimization (RBDO) Using First Order Reliability (FOR) 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Introduction 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Alternative Robust Solutions Schemes 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Comparison Between RIA and PMA Solution Schemes 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Solution of Nested Optimization Problems 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.5 Example of RBDO Using RIA and PMA 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.6 Decoupling Techniques for Solving RBDO Problems 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.6.1 Decoupling: Serial Single Loop Methods 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.6.2 Decoupling: Uni-level Methods 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.6.3 Sequential Approximate Programming (SAP) 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 RBDO with System Reliability Constraints 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Formulation of System RBDO 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Structural Systems RBDO with Component Reliability Constraints 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Structural System RBDO—solution Schemes 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Simulation-based Design Optimization 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Introduction 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Problem Formulation 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3 Remarks About Solutions 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Life-cycle Cost and Risk Optimization 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1 Introduction 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Optimal Structural Design Under Stochastic Loads 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.3 Optimal Structural Design Considering Inspections and Maintenance 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Discussion and Conclusion 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Summary of Probability Theory \u003c\/b\u003e371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Probability 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Mathematics of Probability 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.1 Axioms 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2 Derived Results 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2.1 Multiplication Rule 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2.2 Complementary Probability 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2.3 Conditional Probability 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2.4 Total Probability Theorem 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2.5 Bayes’ Theoremx 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 Description of Random Variables 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4 Moments of Random Variables 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4.1 Mean or Expected Value (First Moment) 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4.2 Variance and Standard Deviation (Second Moment) 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4.3 Bounds on the Deviations from the Mean 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4.4 Skewness 𝛾1 (Third Moment) 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4.5 Coefficient 𝛾2 of Kurtosis (Fourth Moment) 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4.6 Higher Moments 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5 Common Univariate Probability Distributions 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.1 Binomial \u003ci\u003eB\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e(n, p)\u003c\/i\u003e 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.2 Geometric \u003ci\u003eG\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e(p)\u003c\/i\u003e 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.3 Negative Binomial \u003ci\u003eNB\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e(k, p)\u003c\/i\u003e 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.4 Poisson \u003ci\u003ePN\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e(\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e𝜈t\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e)\u003c\/i\u003e 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.5 Exponential \u003ci\u003eEX\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e(\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e𝜈\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e)\u003c\/i\u003e 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.6 Gamma \u003ci\u003eGM\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e(k, \u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e𝜈\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e)\u003c\/i\u003e [and Chi-squared 𝜒\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003ci\u003e(n)\u003c\/i\u003e] 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.7 Normal (Gaussian) \u003ci\u003eN\u003c\/i\u003e(𝜇, 𝜎) 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.8 Central Limit Theorem 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.9 Lognormal \u003ci\u003eLN\u003c\/i\u003e(𝜆, 𝜀) 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.10 Beta \u003ci\u003eBT\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e(a, b, q, r)\u003c\/i\u003e 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.11 Extreme Value Distribution Type I \u003ci\u003eEV – I\u003c\/i\u003e(𝜇, 𝛼) [Gumbel distribution] 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.12 Extreme Value Distribution Type II \u003ci\u003eEV - II\u003c\/i\u003e(u, k) [Frechet Distribution] 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.13 Extreme Value Distribution Type III \u003ci\u003eEV - III\u003c\/i\u003e(𝜀, u, k) [Weibull] 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.14 Generalized Extreme Value distribution \u003ci\u003eGEV\u003c\/i\u003e 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.6 Jointly Distributed Random Variables 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.6.1 Joint Probability Distribution 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.6.2 Conditional Probability Distributions 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.6.3 Marginal Probability Distributions 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.7 Moments of Jointly Distributed Random Variables 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.7.1 Mean 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.7.2 Variance 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.7.3 Covariance and Correlation 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.8 Bivariate Normal Distribution 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.9 Transformation of Random Variables 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.9.1 Transformation of a Single Random Variable 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.9.2 Transformation of Two or More Random Variables 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.9.3 Linear and Orthogonal Transformations 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.10 Functions of Random Variables 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.10.1 Function of a Single Random Variable 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.10.2 Function of Two or More Random Variables 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.10.3 Some Special Results 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.10.3.1 Y = X\u003csub\u003e1\u003c\/sub\u003e + X\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.10.3.2 Y = X\u003csub\u003e1\u003c\/sub\u003eX\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.11 Moments of Functions of Random Variables 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.11.1 Linear Functions 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.11.2 Product of Variates 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.11.3 Division of Variates 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.11.4 Moments of a Square Root [Haugen, 1968] 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.11.5 Moments of a Quadratic Form [Haugen, 1968] 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.12 Approximate Moments for General Functions 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Rosenblatt and Other Transformations \u003c\/b\u003e403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1 Rosenblatt Transformation 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2 Nataf Transformation 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3 Orthogonal Transformation of Normal Random Variables 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.4 Generation of Dependent Random Vectors 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eC Bivariate and Multivariate Normal Integrals \u003c\/b\u003e415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.1 Bivariate Normal Integral 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.1.1 Format 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.1.2 Reductions of Form 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.1.3 Bounds 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2 Multivariate Normal Integral 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2.1 Format 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2.2 Numerical Integration of Multi-Normal Integrals 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2.3 Reduction to a Single Integral 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2.4 Bounds on the Multivariate Normal Integral 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2.5 First-Order Multi-Normal (FOMN) Approach 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2.5.1 Basic Method: B-FOMN 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2.5.2 Improved Method: I-FOMN 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2.5.3 Generalized Method: G-FOMN 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2.6 Product of Conditional Marginals (PCM) Approach 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eD Complementary Standard Normal Table \u003c\/b\u003e429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.1 Standard Normal Probability Density Function 𝜙(x) 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE Random Numbers 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF Selected Problems 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex497\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407023776087,"sku":"9781119265993","price":76.46,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119265993.jpg?v=1730497909"},{"product_id":"dynamic-response-of-advanced-ceramics-9781119599777","title":"Dynamic Response of Advanced Ceramics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDynamic Response of Advanced Ceramics Discover fundamental concepts and recent advances in experimental, analytical, and computational research into the dynamic behavior of ceramicsIn Dynamic Response of Advanced Ceramics, an accomplished team of internationally renowned researchers delivers a comprehensive exploration of foundational and advanced concepts in experimental, analytical, and computational aspects of the dynamic behavior of advanced structural ceramics and transparent materials. The book discusses new techniques used for determination of dynamic hardness and dynamic fracture toughness, as well as edge-on-impact experiments for imaging evolving damage patterns at high impact velocities.   The authors also include descriptions of the dynamic deformation behavior of icosahedral ceramics and the dynamic behavior of several transparent materials, like chemically strengthened glass and glass ceramics. The developments discussed within the book have applications in everything fro\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 1: A Brief History of Ceramic Materials And Introduction To Their Dynamic Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 2: High-Strain-Rate Experimental Techniques\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 3: Brief Overview of Deformation Mechanisms during Projectile Impact on a Confined Ceramic\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 4: Static and Dynamic Responses of Ceramics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 5: Shock Response of Brittle Solids\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 6: Dynamic Deformation of Icosahedral Boron-Based Ceramics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 7: Dynamic Behavior of Brittle Transparent Materials\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 8: Emerging Directions: Ceramics with Tailored Properties\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407096127831,"sku":"9781119599777","price":150.26,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119599777.jpg?v=1730498162"},{"product_id":"thermal-properties-measurement-of-materials-9781786302557","title":"Thermal Properties Measurement of Materials","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book presents the main methods used for thermal properties measurement. It aims to be accessible to all those, specialists in heat transfer or not, who need to measure the thermal properties of a material. The objective is to allow them to choose the measurement method the best adapted to the material to be characterized, and to pass on them all the theoretical and practical information allowing implementation with the maximum of precision.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Heat transfer modelling.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Tools and methods for thermal characterization.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Steady-state methods.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Flux\/temperature transient methods.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Temperature\/temperature transient methods.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Choice of a method.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7. Analogy between different transfers.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISTE Ltd and John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49412276519255,"sku":"9781786302557","price":125.06,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781786302557.jpg?v=1730516233"},{"product_id":"mechanical-vibration-and-shock-analysis-random-vibration-9781848216464","title":"Mechanical Vibration and Shock Analysis, Random","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe vast majority of vibrations encountered in the real environment are random in nature. Such vibrations are intrinsically complicated and this volume describes the process that enables us to simplify the required analysis, along with the analysis of the signal in the frequency domain.\u003cbr\u003e The power spectrum density is also defined, together with the requisite precautions to be taken in its calculations as well as the processes (windowing, overlapping) necessary to obtain improved results.\u003cbr\u003e An additional complementary method – the analysis of statistical properties of the time signal – is also described. This enables the distribution law of the maxima of a random Gaussian signal to be determined and simplifies the calculation of fatigue damage by avoiding direct peak counting.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eForeword to Series xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Statistical Properties of a Random Process \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Definitions 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Random variable 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 Random process 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Random vibration in real environments 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Random vibration in laboratory tests 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Methods of random vibration analysis 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Distribution of instantaneous values 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Probability density 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Distribution function 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Gaussian random process 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Rayleigh distribution 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Ensemble averages: through the process 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1 n order average 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.2 Centered moments 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.3 Variance 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.4 Standard deviation 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.5 Autocorrelation function 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.6 Cross-correlation function 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.7 Autocovariance 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.8 Covariance 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.9 Stationarity 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Temporal averages: along the process 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.1 Mean 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.2 Quadratic mean – rms value 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.3 Moments of order n 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.4 Variance – standard deviation 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.5 Skewness 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.6 Kurtosis 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.7 Crest Factor 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.8 Temporal autocorrelation function 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.9 Properties of the autocorrelation function 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.10 Correlation duration 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.11 Cross-correlation 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.12 Cross-correlation coefficient 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.13 Ergodicity 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Significance of the statistical analysis (ensemble or temporal) 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 Stationary and pseudo-stationary signals 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12 Summary chart of main definitions 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.13 Sliding mean 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14 Test of stationarity 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14.1 The reverse arrangements test (RAT) 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14.2 The runs test 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.15 Identification of shocks and\/or signal problems 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.16 Breakdown of vibratory signal into “events”: choice of signal samples 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.17 Interpretation and taking into account of environment variation 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Random Vibration Properties in the Frequency Domain \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Fourier transform 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Power spectral density 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Need 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Definition 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Amplitude Spectral Density 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Cross-power spectral density 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Power spectral density of a random process 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Cross-power spectral density of two processes 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Relationship between the PSD and correlation function of a process 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Quadspectrum – cospectrum 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Definitions 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1 Broadband process 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.2 White noise 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.3 Band-limited white noise 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.4 Narrow band process 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.5 Colors of noise 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Autocorrelation function of white noise 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Autocorrelation function of band-limited white noise 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Peak factor 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 Effects of truncation of peaks of acceleration signal on the PSD 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14 Standardized PSD\/density of probability analogy 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15 Spectral density as a function of time106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.16 Sum of two random processes 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17 Relationship between the PSD of the excitation and the response of a linear system 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.18 Relationship between the PSD of the excitation and the cross-power spectral density of the response of a linear system 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19 Coherence function 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20 Transfer function calculation from random vibration measurements 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20.1 Theoretical relations 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20.2 Presence of noise on the input 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20.3 Presence of noise on the response 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20.4 Presence of noise on the input and response 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20.5 Choice of transfer function 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Rms Value of Random Vibration \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Rms value of a signal as a function of its PSD 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Relationships between the PSD of acceleration, velocity and displacement 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Graphical representation of the PSD 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Practical calculation of acceleration, velocity and displacement rms values 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 General expressions 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Constant PSD in frequency interval 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 PSD comprising several horizontal straight line segments 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 PSD defined by a linear segment of arbitrary slope 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 PSD comprising several segments of arbitrary slopes 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Rms value according to the frequency 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Case of periodic signals 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Case of a periodic signal superimposed onto random noise 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 Practical Calculation of the Power Spectral Density \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Sampling of signal 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 PSD calculation methods 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Use of the autocorrelation function 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Calculation of the PSD from the rms value of a filtered signal 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Calculation of PSD starting from a Fourier transform 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 PSD calculation steps 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Maximum frequency 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Extraction of sample of duration T160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Averaging 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Addition of zeros 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 FFT 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Particular case of a periodic excitation 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Statistical error 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Origin 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Definition 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Statistical error calculation 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Distribution of the measured PSD 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Variance of the measured PSD 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Statistical error 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4 Relationship between number of degrees of freedom, duration and bandwidth of analysis 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.5 Confidence interval 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.6 Expression for statistical error in decibels 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.7 Statistical error calculation from digitized signal 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Influence of duration and frequency step on the PSD 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Influence of duration 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2 Influence of the frequency step 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.3 Influence of duration and of constant statistical error frequency step 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Overlapping 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.1 Utility 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.2 Influence on the number of degrees of freedom 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.3 Influence on statistical error 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.4 Choice of overlapping rate 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Information to provide with a PSD 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Difference between rms values calculated from a signal according to time and from its PSD 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Calculation of a PSD from a Fourier transform 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 Amplitude based on frequency: relationship with the PSD 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14 Calculation of the PSD for given statistical error 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14.1 Case study: digitization of a signal is to be carried out 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14.2 Case study: only one sample of an already digitized signal is available 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15 Choice of filter bandwidth 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15.1 Rules 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15.2 Bias error 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15.3 Maximum statistical error 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15.4 Optimum bandwidth 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.16 Probability that the measured PSD lies between ± one standard deviation 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.17 Statistical error: other quantities 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.18 Peak hold spectrum 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.19 Generation of random signal of given PSD 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.19.1 Random phase sinusoid sum method 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.19.2 Inverse Fourier transform method 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.20 Using a window during the creation of a random signal from a PSD 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Statistical Properties of Random Vibration in the Time Domain \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e259\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Distribution of instantaneous values 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Properties of derivative process 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Number of threshold crossings per unit time 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Average frequency 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Threshold level crossing curves 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Moments 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Average frequency of PSD defined by straight line segments 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Linear-linear scales 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Linear-logarithmic scales 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Logarithmic-linear scales 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.4 Logarithmic-logarithmic scales 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Fourth moment of PSD defined by straight line segments 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.1 Linear-linear scales 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.2 Linear-logarithmic scales 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.3 Logarithmic-linear scales 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.4 Logarithmic-logarithmic scales 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Generalization: moment of order n 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1 Linear-linear scales 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.2 Linear-logarithmic scales 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.3 Logarithmic-linear scales 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.4 Logarithmic-logarithmic scales 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Probability Distribution of Maxima of Random Vibration \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e295\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Probability density of maxima 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Moments of the maxima probability distribution 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Expected number of maxima per unit time 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Average time interval between two successive maxima 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Average correlation between two successive maxima 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Properties of the irregularity factor 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Variation interval 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Calculation of irregularity factor for band-limited white noise 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Calculation of irregularity factor for noise of form \u003ci\u003eG \u003c\/i\u003e= \u003ci\u003eConst.f \u003csup\u003eb\u003c\/sup\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4 Case study: variations of irregularity factor for two narrowband signals 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Error related to the use of Rayleigh’s law instead of a complete probability density function 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Peak distribution function 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 General case 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 Particular case of narrowband Gaussian process 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Mean number of maxima greater than the given threshold (by unit time) 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Mean number of maxima above given threshold between two times 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Mean time interval between two successive maxima 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12 Mean number of maxima above given level reached by signal excursion above this threshold 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13 Time during which the signal is above a given value 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14 Probability that a maximum is positive or negative 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15 Probability density of the positive maxima 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.16 Probability that the positive maxima is lower than a given threshold 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.17 Average number of positive maxima per unit of time 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.18 Average amplitude jump between two successive extrema 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.19 Average number of inflection points per unit of time 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Statistics of Extreme Values \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e343\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Probability density of maxima greater than a given value 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Return period 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Peak \u003ci\u003el\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csub\u003ep\u003c\/sub\u003e expected among N\u003csub\u003ep\u003c\/sub\u003e peaks 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Logarithmic rise 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Average maximum of N\u003csub\u003ep\u003c\/sub\u003e peaks 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Variance of maximum 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Mode (most probable maximum value) 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Maximum value exceeded with risk α 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Application to the case of a centered narrowband normal process 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.1 Distribution function of largest peaks over duration T 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.2 Probability that one peak at least exceeds a given threshold 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.3 Probability density of the largest maxima over duration T 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.4 Average of highest peaks 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.5 Mean value probability 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.6 Standard deviation of highest peaks 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.7 Variation coefficient 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.8 Most probable value 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.9 Median 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.10 Value of density at mode 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.11 Value of distribution function at mode 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.12 Expected maximum 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.13 Maximum exceeded with given risk α 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Wideband centered normal process 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.1 Average of largest peaks 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.2 Variance of the largest peaks 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.3 Variation coefficient 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Asymptotic laws 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.1 Gumbel asymptote 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.2 Case study: Rayleigh peak distribution 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.3 Expressions for large values of \u003ci\u003eN\u003csub\u003ep\u003c\/sub\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Choice of type of analysis 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13 Study of the envelope of a narrowband process 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13.1 Probability density of the maxima of the envelope 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13.2 Distribution of maxima of envelope 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13.3 Average frequency of envelope of narrowband noise 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Response of a One-Degree-of-Freedom Linear System to Random Vibration \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e385\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Average value of the response of a linear system 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Response of perfect bandpass filter to random vibration 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 The PSD of the response of a one-dof linear system 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Rms value of response to white noise 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Rms value of response of a linear one-degree of freedom system subjected to bands of random noise 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Case where the excitation is a PSD defined by a straight line segment in logarithmic scales 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Case where the vibration has a PSD defined by a straight line segment of arbitrary slope in linear scales 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Case where the vibration has a constant PSD between two frequencies 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 Excitation defined by an absolute displacement 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.5 Case where the excitation is defined by PSD comprising n straight line segments 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Rms value of the absolute acceleration of the response 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Transitory response of a dynamic system under stationary random excitation 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Transitory response of a dynamic system under amplitude modulated white noise excitation 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Characteristics of the Response of a One-Degree-of-Freedom Linear System to Random Vibration \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e427\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Moments of response of a one-degree-of-freedom linear system: irregularity factor of response 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Moments 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Irregularity factor of response to noise of a constant PSD 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Characteristics of irregularity factor of response 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.4 Case of a band-limited noise 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Autocorrelation function of response displacement 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Average numbers of maxima and minima per second 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Equivalence between the transfer functions of a bandpass filter and a one-degree-of-freedom linear system 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Equivalence suggested by D.M Aspinwall 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Equivalence suggested by K.W Smith 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Rms value of signal filtered by the equivalent bandpass filter 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 First Passage at a Given Level of Response of a One-Degree-of-Freedom Linear System to a Random Vibration\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e 455\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Assumptions 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Definitions 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Statistically independent threshold crossings 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Statistically independent response maxima 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Independent threshold crossings by the envelope of maxima 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Independent envelope peaks 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 S.H Crandall method 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 D.M Aspinwall method 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Markov process assumption 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 W.D Mark assumption 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 J.N Yang and M Shinozuka approximation 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 E.H Vanmarcke model 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.1 Assumption of a two state Markov process 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.2 Approximation based on the mean clump size 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Other Volumes in the Series 597\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISTE Ltd and John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49413716279639,"sku":"9781848216464","price":161.95,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781848216464.jpg?v=1730521148"},{"product_id":"mechanical-vibration-and-shock-analysis-mechanical-shock-9781848216457","title":"Mechanical Vibration and Shock Analysis,","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis volume considers the shock response spectrum, its various definitions, properties and the assumptions involved in its calculation. In developing the practical application of these concepts, the forms of shock most often used with test facilities are presented together with their characteristics and indications of how to establish test configurations comparable with those in the real, measured environment. This is followed by a demonstration of how to meet these specifications using standard laboratory equipment – shock machines, electrodynamic exciters driven by a time signal or a response spectrum – with a discussion on the limitations, advantages and disadvantages of each method.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eForeword to Series xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1. Shock Analysis 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1. Definitions  1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1. Shock 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2. Transient signal 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.3. Jerk 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.4. Simple (or perfect) shock 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.5. Half-sine shock 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.6. Versed sine (or haversine) shock 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.7. Terminal peak sawtooth (TPS) shock (or final peak sawtooth FPS)) 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.8. Initial peak sawtooth (IPS) shock 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.9. Square shock 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.10. Trapezoidal shock  8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.11. Decaying sinusoidal pulse  8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.12. Bump test 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.13. Pyroshock 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2. Analysis in the time domain 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3. Temporal moments 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4. Fourier transform 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1. Definition 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2. Reduced Fourier transform  17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3. Fourier transforms of simple shocks  17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4. What represents the Fourier transform of a shock? 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5. Importance of the Fourier transform  31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5. Energy spectrum 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1. Energy according to frequency 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2. Average energy spectrum 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6. Practical calculations of the Fourier transform 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1. General  33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2. Case: signal not yet digitized 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.3. Case: signal already digitized 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.4. Adding zeros to the shock signal before the calculation of its Fourier transform 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.5. Windowing 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7. The interest of time-frequency analysis 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1. Limit of the Fourier transform 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2. Short term Fourier transform (STFT) 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.3. Wavelet transform 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2. Shock Response Spectrum 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1. Main principles 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2. Response of a linear one-degree-of-freedom system 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1. Shock defined by a force 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2. Shock defined by an acceleration 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3. Generalization 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4. Response of a one-degree-of-freedom system to simple shocks  65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3. Definitions  69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1. Response spectrum 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2. Absolute acceleration SRS  69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3. Relative displacement shock spectrum  70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4. Primary (or initial) positive SRS 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5. Primary (or initial) negative SRS 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.6. Secondary (or residual) SRS 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.7. Positive (or maximum positive) SRS 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.8. Negative (or maximum negative) SRS  71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.9. Maximax SRS 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4. Standardized response spectra 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1. Definition 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2. Half-sine pulse 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3. Versed sine pulse  76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4. Terminal peak sawtooth pulse 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.5. Initial peak sawtooth pulse  79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.6. Square pulse  81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.7. Trapezoidal pulse  81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5. Choice of the type of SRS  82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6. Comparison of the SRS of the usual simple shapes 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7. SRS of a shock defined by an absolute displacement of the support  84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8. Influence of the amplitude and the duration of the shock on its SRS  84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9. Difference between SRS and extreme response spectrum (ERS) 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10. Algorithms for calculation of the SRS 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11. Subroutine for the calculation of the SRS  86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12. Choice of the sampling frequency of the signal  90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13. Example of use of the SRS 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14. Use of SRS for the study of systems with several degrees of freedom 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15. Damage boundary curve  100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3. Properties of Shock Response Spectra 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1. Shock response spectra domains 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2. Properties of SRS at low frequencies 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1. General properties 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2. Shocks with zero velocity change 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3. Shocks with ΔV = 0 and ΔD ≠ 0 at the end of a pulse 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4. Shocks with ΔV = 0 and ΔD = 0 at the end of a pulse 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5. Notes on residual spectrum  120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3. Properties of SRS at high frequencies 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4. Damping influence 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5. Choice of damping 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6. Choice of frequency range  127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7. Choice of the number of points and their distribution  128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8. Charts  131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9. Relation of SRS with Fourier spectrum 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.1. Primary SRS and Fourier transform 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.2. Residual SRS and Fourier transform 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.3. Comparison of the relative severity of several shocks using their Fourier spectra and their shock response spectra 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10. Care to be taken in the calculation of the spectra 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.1. Main sources of errors 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.2. Influence of background noise of the measuring equipment 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.3. Influence of zero shift 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11. Specific case of pyroshocks 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.1. Acquisition of the measurements 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.2. Examination of the signal before calculation of the SRS 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.3. Examination of the SRS 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12. Pseudo-velocity shock spectrum 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12.1. Hunt’s relationship 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12.2. Interest of PVSS 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13. Use of the SRS for pyroshocks 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14. Other propositions of spectra165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14.1. Pseudo-velocity calculated from the energy transmitted 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14.2. Pseudo-velocity from the “input” energy at the end of a shock  165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14.3. Pseudo-velocity from the unit “input” energy 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14.4. SRS of the “total” energy  167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4. Development of Shock Test Specifications 175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1. Introduction 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2. Simplification of the measured signal 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3. Use of shock response spectra 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1. Synthesis of spectra 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2. Nature of the specification  180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3. Choice of shape 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4. Amplitude 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5. Duration 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6. Difficulties 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4. Other methods 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1. Use of a swept sine 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2. Simulation of SRS using a fast swept sine 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3. Simulation by modulated random noise 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4. Simulation of a shock using random vibration  194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.5. Least favorable response technique 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.6. Restitution of an SRS by a series of modulated sine pulses  196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5. Interest behind simulation of shocks on shaker using a shock spectrum 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5. Kinematics of Simple Shocks 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1. Introduction 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2. Half-sine pulse 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1. General expressions of the shock motion 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2. Impulse mode 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3. Impact mode 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3. Versed sine pulse 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4. Square pulse 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5. Terminal peak sawtooth pulse 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6. Initial peak sawtooth pulse  223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6. Standard Shock Machines 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1. Main types  225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2. Impact shock machines 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3. High impact shock machines 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1. Lightweight high impact shock machine 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2. Medium weight high impact shock machine  238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4. Pneumatic machines 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5. Specific testing facilities 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6. Programmers 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1. Half-sine pulse 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2. TPS shock pulse 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3. Square pulse − trapezoidal pulse 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4. Universal shock programmer 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7. Generation of Shocks Using Shakers  267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1. Principle behind the generation of a signal with a simple shape versus time 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2. Main advantages of the generation of shock using shakers  268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3. Limitations of electrodynamic shakers 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1. Mechanical limitations 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2. Electronic limitations  271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4. Remarks on the use of electrohydraulic shakers  271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5. Pre- and post-shocks  271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1. Requirements 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2. Pre-shock or post-shock 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3. Kinematics of the movement for symmetric pre- and post-shock 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4. Kinematics of the movement for a pre-shock or a post-shock alone 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.5. Abacuses 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.6. Influence of the shape of pre- and post-pulses 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.7. Optimized pre- and post-shocks 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6. Incidence of pre- and post-shocks on the quality of simulation  297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1. General  297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2. Influence of the pre- and post-shocks on the time history response of a one-degree-of-freedom system  297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3. Incidence on the shock response spectrum 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8. Control of a Shaker Using a Shock Response Spectrum 303\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1. Principle of control using a shock response spectrum  303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1. Problems 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2. Parallel filter method 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3. Current numerical methods  305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2. Decaying sinusoid 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1. Definition 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2. Response spectrum 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3. Velocity and displacement  314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4. Constitution of the total signal 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.5. Methods of signal compensation 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.6. Iterations 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3. D.L. Kern and C.D. Hayes’ function 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1. Definition 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2. Velocity and displacement  325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4. ZERD function 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1. Definition 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2. Velocity and displacement  328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3. Comparison of ZERD waveform with standard decaying sinusoid 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4. Reduced response spectra 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5. WAVSIN waveform  332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1. Definition 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2. Velocity and displacement  333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3. Response of a one-degree-of-freedom system 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4. Response spectrum 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.5. Time history synthesis from shock spectrum 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6. SHOC waveform 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1. Definition 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2. Velocity and displacement  342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.3. Response spectrum 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.4. Time history synthesis from shock spectrum 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7. Comparison of WAVSIN, SHOC waveforms and decaying sinusoid 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8. Waveforms based on the cosm(x) window 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9. Use of a fast swept sine  348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10. Problems encountered during the synthesis of the waveforms  351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11. Criticism of control by SRS 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12. Possible improvements 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12.1. IES proposal 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12.2. Specification of a complementary parameter 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12.3. Remarks on the properties of the response spectrum  363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13. Estimate of the feasibility of a shock specified by its SRS363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13.1. C.D. Robbins and E.P. Vaughan’s method  363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13.2. Evaluation of the necessary force, power and stroke  365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9. Simulation of Pyroshocks  371\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1. Simulations using pyrotechnic facilities 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2. Simulation using metal to metal impact 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3. Simulation using electrodynamic shakers 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4. Simulation using conventional shock machines  378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix. Similitude in Mechanics 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA1. Conservation of materials  381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA2. Conservation of acceleration and stress 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanical Shock Tests: A Brief Historical Background  385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography  387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of other Volumes in the series 413\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISTE Ltd and John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49413716246871,"sku":"9781848216457","price":161.95,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781848216457.jpg?v=1730521148"},{"product_id":"mechanical-vibration-and-shock-analysis-fatigue-damage-9781848216471","title":"Mechanical Vibration and Shock Analysis, Fatigue","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eFatigue damage in a system with one degree of freedom is one of the two criteria applied when comparing the severity of vibratory environments. The same criterion is also used for a specification representing the effects produced by the set of vibrations imposed in a real environment. In this volume, which is devoted to the calculation of fatigue damage, Christian Lalanne explores the hypotheses adopted to describe the behavior of material affected by fatigue and the laws of fatigue accumulation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe author also considers the methods for counting response peaks, which are used to establish the histogram when it is not possible to use the probability density of the peaks obtained with a Gaussian signal. The expressions for mean damage and its standard deviation are established and other hypotheses are tested.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eForeword to Series xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction   xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols   xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1. Concepts of Material Fatigue 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1. Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1. Reminders on the strength of materials 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2. Fatigue  9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2. Types of dynamic loads (or stresses)  10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1. Cyclic stress 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2. Alternating stress 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3. Repeated stress 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4. Combined steady and cyclic stress 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5. Skewed alternating stress  14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.6. Random and transitory stresses 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3. Damage arising from fatigue   15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4. Characterization of endurance of materials 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1. S-N curve 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2. Influence of the average stress on the S-N curve 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3. Statistical aspect 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4. Distribution laws of endurance  23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5. Distribution laws of fatigue strength 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.6. Relation between fatigue limit and static properties of materials 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.7. Analytical representations of S-N curve    31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5. Factors of influence 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1. General  41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2. Scale 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3. Overloads 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.4. Frequency of stresses    44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.5. Types of stresses 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.6. Non-zero mean stress   45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6. Other representations of S-N curves 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1. Haigh diagram 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2. Statistical representation of Haigh diagram   58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7. Prediction of fatigue life of complex structures 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8. Fatigue in composite materials   59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2. Accumulation of Fatigue Damage 61\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1. Evolution of fatigue damage    61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2. Classification of various laws of accumulation 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3. Miner’s method 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1. Miner’s rule 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2. Scatter of damage to failure as evaluated by Miner 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3. Validity of Miner’s law of accumulation of damage in case of random stress 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4. Modified Miner’s theory 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1. Principle 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2. Accumulation of damage using modified Miner’s rule    74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5. Henry’s method 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6. Modified Henry’s method   79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7. Corten and Dolan’s method    79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8. Other theories 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3. Counting Methods for Analyzing Random Time History   85\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1. General   85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2. Peak count method89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1. Presentation of method  89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2. Derived methods 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3. Range-restricted peak count method 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4. Level-restricted peak count method 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3. Peak between mean-crossing count method 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1. Presentation of method  95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2. Elimination of small variations  97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4. Range count method 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1. Presentation of method  98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2. Elimination of small variations  100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5. Range-mean count method  101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1. Presentation of method  101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2. Elimination of small variations  104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6. Range-pair count method    106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7. Hayes’ counting method110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8. Ordered overall range counting method 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9. Level-crossing count method  114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10. Peak valley peak counting method 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11. Fatigue-meter counting method 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12. Rainflow counting method    125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12.1. Principle of method 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12.2. Subroutine for rainflow counting 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13. NRL (National Luchtvaart Laboratorium) counting method    134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14. Evaluation of time spent at a given level 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.15. Influence of levels of load below fatigue limit on fatigue life  138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16. Test acceleration 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17. Presentation of fatigue curves determined by random vibration tests 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4. Fatigue Damage by One-degree-of-freedom Mechanical System 143\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1. Introduction 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2. Calculation of fatigue damage due to signal versus time 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3. Calculation of fatigue damage due to acceleration spectral density 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1. General case 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2. Particular case of a wideband response, e.g. at the limit r ?­ 0 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3. Particular case of narrowband response 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4. Rms response to narrowband noise G0 of width ?´f when G0 ?´ f ?­ constant 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5. Steinberg approach 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4. Equivalent narrowband noise  166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1. Use of relation established for narrowband response 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2. Alternative: use of mean number of maxima per second  169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5. Calculation of damage from the modified Rice distribution of peaks 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1. Approximation to real maxima distribution using a modified Rayleigh distribution 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2. Wirsching and Light’s approach 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3. Chaudhury and Dover’s approach 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4. Approximate expression of the probability density of peaks   180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6. Other approaches 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7. Calculation of fatigue damage from rainflow domains 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1. Wirsching’s approach   185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2. Tunna’s approach 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3. Ortiz-Chen’s method 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4. Hancock’s approach 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.5. Abdo and Rackwitz’s approach 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.6. Kam and Dover’s approach   192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.7. Larsen and Lutes (“single moment”) method 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.8. Jiao-Moan’s method 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.9. Dirlik’s probability density   195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.10. Madsen’s approach 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.11. Zhao and Baker model    207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.12. Tovo and Benasciutti method  208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8. Comparison of S-N curves established under sinusoidal and random loads  211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9. Comparison of theory and experiment 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10. Influence of shape of power spectral density and value of irregularity factor 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11. Effects of peak truncation  221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12. Truncation of stress peaks    222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12.1. Particular case of a narrowband noise 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12.2. Layout of the S-N curve for a truncated distribution 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5. Standard Deviation of Fatigue Damage 237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1. Calculation of standard deviation of damage: Bendat’s method  237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2. Calculation of standard deviation of damage: Mark’s method    242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3. Comparison of Mark and Bendat’s results    247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4. Standard deviation of the fatigue life 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1. Narrowband vibration   253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2. Wideband vibration   256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5. Statistical S-N curves 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1. Definition of statistical curves  257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2. Bendat’s formulation    258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3. Mark’s formulation. 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6. Fatigue Damage using Other Calculation Assumptions  267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1. S-N curve represented by two segments of a straight line on logarithmic scales (taking into account fatigue limit)   267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2. S-N curve defined by two segments of straight line on log-lin scales 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3. Hypothesis of non-linear accumulation of damage 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1. Corten-Dolan’s accumulation law 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2. Morrow’s accumulation model  275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4. Random vibration with non-zero mean: use of modified Goodman diagram 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5. Non-Gaussian distribution of instantaneous values of signal  280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1. Influence of distribution law of instantaneous values   280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2. Influence of peak distribution 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3. Calculation of damage using Weibull distribution 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4. Comparison of Rayleigh assumption\/peak counting 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6. Non-linear mechanical system 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7. Low-cycle Fatigue 289\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1. Overview 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2. Definitions  290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1. Baushinger effect 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2. Cyclic strain hardening    291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3. Properties of cyclic stress–strain curves    291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4. Stress–strain curve 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.5. Hysteresis and fracture by fatigue 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.6. Significant factors influencing hysteresis and fracture by fatigue   295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.7. Cyclic stress–strain curve (or cyclic consolidation curve)    296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3. Behavior of materials experiencing strains in the oligocyclic domain 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1. Types of behaviors 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2. Cyclic strain hardening    297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3. Cyclic strain softening   299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4. Cyclically stable metals    300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5. Mixed behavior 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4. Influence of the level application sequence 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5. Development of the cyclic stress–strain curve 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6. Total strain  304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7. Fatigue strength curve 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8. Relation between plastic strain and number of cycles to fracture   306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.1. Orowan relation 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.2. Manson relation 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.3. Coffin relation 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.4. Shanley relation 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.5. Gerberich relation 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.6. Sachs, Gerberich, Weiss and Latorre relation 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.7. Martin relation 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.8. Tavernelli and Coffin relation  319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.9. Manson relation 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.10. Ohji et al. relation 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.11. Bui-Quoc et al. relation  321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9. Influence of the frequency and temperature in the plastic field  321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.1. Overview 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.2. Influence of frequency   322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.3. Influence of temperature and frequency 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.4. Effect of frequency on plastic strain range 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.5. Equation of generalized fatigue 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10. Laws of damage accumulation  326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.1. Miner rule 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.2. Yao and Munse relation  327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.3. Use of the Manson–Coffin relation 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11. Influence of an average strain or stress 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12. Low-cycle fatigue of composite material 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8. Fracture Mechanics    335\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1. Overview 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2. Fracture mechanism 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1. Major phases 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2. Initiation of cracks 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3. Slow propagation of cracks   341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3. Critical size: strength to fracture 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4. Modes of stress application    343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5. Stress intensity factor 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1. Stress in crack root 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2. Mode I  346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3. Mode II  349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4. Mode III 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.5. Field of equation use 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.6. Plastic zone 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.7. Other form of stress expressions 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.8. General form 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.9. Widening of crack opening   357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6. Fracture toughness: critical K value 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7. Calculation of the stress intensity factor 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8. Stress ratio  365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9. Expansion of cracks: Griffith criterion 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10. Factors affecting the initiation of cracks 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11. Factors affecting the propagation of cracks    369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11.1. Mechanical factors 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11.2. Geometric factors 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11.3. Metallurgical factors   373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11.4. Factors linked to the environment 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12. Speed of propagation of cracks 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13. Effect of a non-zero mean stress 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14. Laws of crack propagation    379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14.1. Head law 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14.2. Modified Head law 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14.3. Frost and Dugsdale 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14.4. McEvily and Illg 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14.5. Paris and Erdogan 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.15. Stress intensity factor 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.16. Dispersion of results 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.17. Sample tests: extrapolation to a structure 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.18. Determination of the propagation threshold KS 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.19. Propagation of cracks in the domain of low-cycle fatigue    400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.20. Integral J 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.21. Overload effect: fatigue crack retardation 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.22. Fatigue crack closure 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.23. Rules of similarity 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.24. Calculation of a useful lifetime 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.25. Propagation of cracks under random load 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.25.1. Rms approach 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.25.2. Narrowband random loads  416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.25.3. Calculation from a load collective 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix    427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography  441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Other Volumes in the Series 491\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISTE Ltd and John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49413716312407,"sku":"9781848216471","price":161.95,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781848216471.jpg?v=1730521147"},{"product_id":"micromechanics-of-fracture-and-damage-9781848218635","title":"Micromechanics of Fracture and Damage","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book deals with the mechanics and physics of fractures at various scales. Based on advanced continuum mechanics of heterogeneous media, it develops a rigorous mathematical framework for single macrocrack problems as well as for the effective properties of microcracked materials. In both cases, two geometrical models of cracks are examined and discussed: the idealized representation of the crack as two parallel faces (the Griffith crack model), and the representation of a crack as a flat elliptic or ellipsoidal cavity (the Eshelby inhomogeneity problem).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe book is composed of two parts:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe first part deals with solutions to 2D and 3D problems involving a single crack in linear elasticity. Elementary solutions of cracks problems in the different modes are fully worked. Various mathematical techniques are presented, including Neuber-Papkovitch displacement potentials, complex analysis with conformal mapping and Eshelby-based solutions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe second part is devoted to continuum micromechanics approaches of microcracked materials in relation to methods and results presented in the first part. Various estimates and bounds of the effective elastic properties are presented. They are considered for the formulation and application of continuum micromechanics-based damage models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eNotations  xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 1. Elastic Solutions to Single Crack Problems  1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1. Fundamentals of Plane Elasticity 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1. Complex representation of Airy’s biharmonic stress function 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2. Force acting on a curve or an element of arc 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3. Derivation of stresses  9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4. Derivation of displacements 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5. General form of the potentials φ and ψ 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6. Examples 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1. Circular cavity under pressure 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2. Circular cavity in a plane subjected to uniaxial traction at infinity 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7. Conformal mapping 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1. Application of conformal mapping to plane elasticity problems 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2. The domain Σ is the unit disc |ζ| ≤ 1 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.3. The domain Σ is the complement Σ− of the unit disc 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8. The anisotropic case 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1. General features  26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.2. Stresses, displacements and boundary conditions 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9. Appendix: mathematical tools 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.1. Theorem 1  30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.2. Theorem 2  31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.3. Theorem 3  31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2. Fundamentals of Elasticity in View of Homogenization Theory  33\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1. Green's function concept  33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2. Green’s function in two-dimensional conditions 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1. The general anisotropic case 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2. The isotropic case 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3. Green’s function in three-dimensional conditions 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1. The general anisotropic case 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2. The isotropic case 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4. Eshelby’s problems in linear microelasticity 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1. The (elastic) inclusion problem 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2. The Green operator of the infinite space 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3. The Green operator of a finite domain 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4. The inhomogeneity problem 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.5. The inhomogeneity problem with stress boundary conditions 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.6. The infinite heterogeneous elastic medium 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5. Hill tensor for the elliptic inclusion 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1. Properties of the logarithmic potential 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2. Integration of the r,ir,l term 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3. Components of the Hill tensor 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6. Hill’s tensor for the spheroidal inclusion 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1. Components of the Hill tensor 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2. Series expansions of the components of the Hill tensor for flat spheroids 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7. Appendix 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8. Appendix: derivation of the χij 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3. Two-dimensional Griffith Crack 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1. Stress singularity at crack tip 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1. Stress singularity in plane elasticity: modes I and II 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2. Stress singularity in antiplane problems in elasticity: mode III 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2. Solution to mode I problem 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1. Solution of PI 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2. Solution of PI 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3. Displacement jump across the crack surfaces 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3. Solution to mode II problem 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1. Solution of PII 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2. Solution of PII 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3. Displacement jump across the crack surfaces 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4. Appendix: Abel’s integral equation 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5. Appendix: Neuber–Papkovitch displacement potentials 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4. The Elliptic Crack Model in Plane Strains 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1. The infinite plane with elliptic hole 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3. Elliptic cavity in a plane subjected to a remote stress state at infinity 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4. Stress intensity factors 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.5. Some remarks on unilateral contact 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2. Infinite plane with elliptic hole: the anisotropic case 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1. General properties 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2. Complex potentials for an elliptic cavity in the presence of traction at infinity 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3. Complex potentials for an elliptic cavity in the case of shear at infinity 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5. Displacement discontinuities 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6. Closed cracks 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3. Eshelby approach 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1. Mode I 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2. Mode II 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5. Griffith Crack in 3D 137\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1. Griffith circular (penny-shaped) crack in mode I 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1. Solution of PI 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2. Solution of PI 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2. Griffith circular (penny-shaped) crack under shear loading 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1. Solution of PII 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2. Solution of PII 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6. Ellipsoidal Crack Model: the Eshelby Approach 155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1. Mode I 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2. Mode II 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7. Energy Release Rate and Conditions for Crack Propagation 163\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1. Driving force of crack propagation 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2. Stress intensity factor and energy release rate 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 2. Homogenization of Microcracked Materials 173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8. Fundamentals of Continuum Micromechanics 175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1. Scale separation 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2. Inhomogeneity model for cracks 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1. Uniform strain boundary conditions 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2. Uniform stress boundary conditions 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3. Linear elasticity with uniform strain boundary conditions 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4. Linear elasticity with uniform stress boundary conditions 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3. General results on homogenization with Griffith cracks 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1. Hill’s lemma with Griffith cracks 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2. Uniform strain boundary conditions 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3. Uniform stress boundary conditions 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4. Derivation of effective properties in linear elasticity: principle of the approach 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5. Appendix 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9. Homogenization of Materials Containing Griffith Cracks 197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1. Dilute estimates in isotropic conditions 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1. Stress-based dilute estimate of stiffness  199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2. Stress-based dilute estimate of stiffness with closed cracks 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3. Strain-based dilute estimate of stiffness with opened cracks 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.4. Strain-based dilute estimate of stiffness with closed cracks 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2. A refined strain-based scheme 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3. Homogenization in plane strain conditions for anisotropic materials 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1. Opened cracks 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2. Closed cracks 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10. Eshelby-based Estimates of Strain Concentration and Stiffness  213\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1. Dilute estimate of the strain concentration tensor: general features 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1. The general case 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2. The particular case of opened cracks 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1. Spheroidal crack 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2. Elliptic crack 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3. Crack opening change 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3. Dilute estimates of the effective stiffness for opened cracks 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1. Opened parallel cracks 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2. Opened randomly oriented cracks 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4. Dilute estimates of the effective stiffness for closed cracks 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1. Closed parallel cracks 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2. Closed randomly oriented cracks 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5. Mori–Tanaka estimate of the effective stiffness 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1. Opened cracks 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2. Closed cracks 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11. Stress-based Estimates of Stress Concentration and Compliance 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1. Dilute estimate of the stress concentration tensor 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2. Dilute estimates of the effective compliance for opened cracks 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1. Opened parallel cracks 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2. Opened randomly oriented cracks 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3. Discussion 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3. Dilute estimate of the effective compliance for closed cracks 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1. 3D case 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2. 2D case 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3. Stress concentration tensor 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4. Comparison with other estimates 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4. Mori–Tanaka estimates of effective compliance 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1. Opened cracks 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2. Closed cracks 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5. Appendix: algebra for transverse isotropy and applications 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12. Bounds 251\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1. The energy definition of the homogenized stiffness 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2. Hashin–Shtrikman’s bound 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1. Hashin–Shtrikman variational principle 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2. Piecewise constant polarization field 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3. Random microstructures 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4. Application of the Ponte-Castaneda and Willis (PCW) bound to microcracked media 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13. Micromechanics-based Damage Constitutive Law and Application 273\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1. Formulation of damage constitutive law 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.1. Description of damage level by a single scalar variable 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.2. Extension to multiple cracks 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2. Some remarks concerning the loss of uniqueness of the mechanical response in relation to damage 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3. Mechanical fields and damage in a hollow sphere subjected to traction 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1. General features 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2. Case of damage model based on the dilute estimate 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3. Complete solution in the case of the damage model based on PCW estimate  285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4. Stability of the solution to damage evolution in a hollow sphere 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1. The MT damage model 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2. The general damage model [13.44] 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 309\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISTE Ltd and John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49413721325911,"sku":"9781848218635","price":125.06,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781848218635.jpg?v=1730521166"},{"product_id":"nanometer-scale-defect-detection-using-polarized-light-9781848219366","title":"Nanometer-scale Defect Detection Using Polarized","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book describes the methods used to detect material defects at the nanoscale. The authors present different theories, polarization states and interactions of light with matter, in particular optical techniques using polarized light. \u003cp\u003eCombining experimental techniques of polarized light analysis with techniques based on theoretical or statistical models to study faults or buried interfaces of mechatronic systems, the authors define the range of validity of measurements of carbon nanotube properties. The combination of theory and pratical methods presented throughout this book provide the reader with an insight into the current understanding of physicochemical processes affecting the properties of materials at the nanoscale.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1. Uncertainties 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1. Introduction  1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2. The reliability based design approach 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1. The MC method 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2. The perturbation method  3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3. The polynomial chaos method 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3. The design of experiments method  9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1. Principle  9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2. The Taguchi method 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4. The set approach 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1. The method of intervals 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2. Fuzzy logic based method 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5. Principal component analysis  20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1. Description of the process 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2. Mathematical roots 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3. Interpretation of results 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6. Conclusions  23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2. Reliability-based Design Optimization 25\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1. Introduction  25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2. Deterministic design optimization 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3. Reliability analysis  27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1. Optimal conditions  30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4. Reliability-based design optimization 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1. The objective function  31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2. Total cost consideration 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3. The design variables 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4. Response of a system by RBDO  33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.5. Limit states 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.6. Solution techniques  33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5. Application: optimization of materials of an electronic circuit board 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1. Optimization problem  36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2. Optimization and uncertainties 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3. Results analysis  43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6. Conclusions 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3. The Wave–Particle Nature of Light 47\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1. Introduction 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2. The optical wave theory of light according to Huyghens and Fresnel 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1. The three postulates of wave optics  49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2. Luminous power and energy  51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3. The monochromatic wave  51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3. The electromagnetic wave according to Maxwell’s theory  52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1. The Maxwell equations 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2. The wave equation according to the Coulomb’s gauge 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3. The wave equation according to the Lorenz’s gauge  57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4. The quantum theory of light 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1. The annihilation and creation operators of the harmonic oscillator  57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2. The quantization of the electromagnetic field and the potential vector  61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3. Field modes in the second quantization  66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4. The Polarization States of Light  71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1. Introduction 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2. The polarization of light by the matrix method  73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1. The Jones representation of polarization 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2. The Stokes and Muller representation of polarization 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3. Other methods to represent polarization 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1. The Poincaré description of polarization 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2. The quantum description of polarization 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4. Conclusions  93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5. Interaction of Light and Matter 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1. Introduction  95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2. Classical models 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1. The Drude model  103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2. The Sellmeir and Lorentz models 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3. Quantum models for light and matter 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1. The quantum description of matter  111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2. Jaynes–Cummings model  118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4. Semiclassical models 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1. Tauc–Lorentz model 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2. Cody–Lorentz model  130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5. Conclusions  130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6. Experimentation and Theoretical Models 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1. Introduction  134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2. The laser source of polarized light 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1. Principle of operation of a laser  136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2. The specificities of light from a laser 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3. Laser-induced fluorescence 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1. Principle of the method 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2. Description of the experimental setup  145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4. The DR method  145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1. Principle of the method 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2. Description of the experimental setup  148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5. Theoretical model for the analysis of the experimental results  149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1. Radiative relaxation 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2. Non-radiative relaxation  153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3. The theoretical model of induced fluorescence 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4. The theoretical model of the thermal energy transfer 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6. Conclusions  170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7. Defects in a Heterogeneous Medium  173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1. Introduction 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2. Experimental setup  175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1. Pump laser 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2. Probe laser 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3. Detection system 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4. Sample preparation setup  180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3. Application to a model system  182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1. Inert noble gas matrix  182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2. Molecular system trapped in an inert matrix 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3. Experimental results for the induced fluorescence 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4. Experimental results for the double resonance  198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4. Analysis by means of theoretical models 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1. Determination of experimental time constants  203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2. Theoretical model for the induced fluorescence 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3. Theoretical model for the DR  214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5. Conclusions 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8. Defects at the Interfaces  219\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1. Measurement techniques by ellipsometry 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1. The extinction measurement technique  222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2. The measurement by rotating optical component technique 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3. The PM measurement technique  224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2. Analysis of results by inverse method 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1. The simplex method 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2. The LM method  234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3. The quasi-Newton BFGS method 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3. Characterization of encapsulating material interfaces of mechatronic assemblies  237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1. Coating materials studied and experimental protocol  239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2. Study of bulk coatings  241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3. Study of defects at the interfaces  244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4. Results analysis  251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4. Conclusions 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9. Application to Nanomaterials  255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1. Introduction 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2. Mechanical properties of SWCNT structures by MEF 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1. Young's modulus of SWCNT structures 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2. Shear modulus of SWCNT structures  259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3. Conclusion on the modeling results  260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3. Characterization of the elastic properties of SWCNT thin films 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1. Preparation of SWCNT structures 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2. Nanoindentation 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3. Experimental results 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4. Bilinear model of thin film SWCNT structure  265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1. SWCNT thin film structure 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2. Numerical models of thin film SWCNT structures 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3. Numerical results  269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5. Conclusions  274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 293\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISTE Ltd and John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49413723291991,"sku":"9781848219366","price":125.06,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781848219366.jpg?v=1730521173"},{"product_id":"reliability-and-risk-assessment-9781860582905","title":"Reliability and Risk Assessment","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRisk assessment and risk analysis are now firmly fixed in the engineer’s lexicon. Every engineering project, contract, piece of equipment and design requires this discipline by law. Reliability is the other key element in the mix for smooth running engineering projects and operations.  \u003cp\u003eIn the modern industrial era, economic factors have resulted in the construction and operation of larger and more complex process plant. Accidents at these types of plants have led to notorious incidents such as Flixborough, Bhopal, Chernobyl, and Piper Alpha. Engineers are working to maximize the benefits of modern processing technology while reducing the safety risks to acceptable levels. However, each processing plant has unique problems and each must be individually assessed to identify, evaluate, and control associated hazards.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe first edition of Reliability and Risk Assessment was ahead of its time. The world has caught up with Andrews and Moss and this fully revised second edition takes the analysis further and brings a more practical slant with greater and extensive use of case studies. Reliability and Risk Assessment is for professional engineers but will also prove invaluable for postgraduate students involved in reliability and risk assessment research.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKEY FEATURES:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Rigourous mathmatical descriptions of the most important techniques, particularly fault tree analysis and Markov methods. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Practical examples  of the application of these techniques to real-life problems. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Self-contained chapters detail methods of reliability and risk assessment. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Worked examples clarify the text and highlight salient points. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Three new detailed case studies include: FMECA for a gas turbine system; in-service inspection of structural components, and a business interruption risk analysis. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn introduction to reliability and risk assessment; reliability mathematics; qualitative methods; failure mode and effects criticality analysis; quantification of component failure probabilities; reliability networks; qualitative fault tree analysis; common cause failures; maintainability; Markov analysis; simulation; reliability data collection and analysis; risk assessment; in-service inspection of structural components. (Part contents).","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49414073778519,"sku":"9781860582905","price":122.35,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781860582905.jpg?v=1730522362"},{"product_id":"proceedings-of-the-rilem-international-symposium-on-bituminous-materials-isbm-lyon-2020-9783030464547","title":"Proceedings of the RILEM International Symposium","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in bituminous materials and structures and asphalt pavement technology, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the RILEM International Symposium on Bituminous Materials (ISBM), held in Lyon, France on December 14-16, 2020. The symposium represents a joint effort of three RILEM Technical Committees from Cluster F: 264-RAP “Asphalt Pavement Recycling”, 272-PIM “Phase and Interphase Behaviour of Bituminous Materials”, and 278-CHA “Crack-Healing of Asphalt Pavement Materials”. It covers a diverse range of topics concerning bituminous materials (bitumen, mastics, mixtures) and road, railway and airport pavement structures, including: recycling, phase and interphase behaviour, cracking and healing, modification and innovative materials, durability and environmental aspects, testing and modelling, multi-scale properties, surface characteristics, structure performance, modelling and design, non-destructive testing, back-analysis, and Life Cycle Assessment. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415621181783,"sku":"9783030464547","price":269.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030464547.jpg?v=1730527547"},{"product_id":"coatings-materials-processes-characterization-and-optimization-9783030621629","title":"Coatings: Materials, Processes, Characterization","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book presents recent developments in the coating processes, sub processes and emphasizes on processes with the potential to improve performance quality and reproducibility. The book demonstrates how application methods, environmental factors, and chemical interactions affect each surface coating's performance. In addition, it provides analysis of latest polymers, carbon resins, high-temperature materials used for coatings and describes the development, chemical and physical properties, synthesis, polymerization, commercial uses and characteristics for each raw material and coating. Characterization techniques to solve the coating problems are also presented, as well as optimization studies to identify the critical coating parameters to ensure a robust process.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecent Developments in the Coating Processes and Sub Processes.- Process Development improving the performance quality, reproducibility.- Effect on Performance of Surface Coating due to Application Methods.- Effect on Performance of Surface Coating due to Environmental Factors.- Effect on Performance of Surface Coating due to Chemical Interactions.- Materials Like Latest Polymers, Carbon Resins, High-Temperature Materials etc. Used in Coating and Their Characterizations.- Application of Optimization Techniques towards Optimal Coating Parameters.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415626096983,"sku":"9783030621629","price":132.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030621629.jpg?v=1730527562"},{"product_id":"chemically-deposited-nanocrystalline-metal-oxide-thin-films-synthesis-characterizations-and-applications-9783030684617","title":"Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book guides beginners in the areas of thin film preparation, characterization, and device making, while providing insight into these areas for experts. As chemically deposited metal oxides are currently gaining attention in development of devices such as solar cells, supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, etc., the book illustrates how the chemical deposition route is emerging as a relatively inexpensive, simple, and convenient solution for large area deposition. The advancement in the nanostructured materials for the development of devices is fully discussed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eProgress in Solution Processed Mixed Oxides.- Properties and Applications of the Electrochemically Synthesized Metal Oxide Thin Films.- Structural and Electronic Properties of Various Useful Metal Oxides.- Properties of Metal Oxides: Insights from First Principles Calculations.- Recent Progress in Metal Oxide for Photovoltaic Application.- Structural and Electronic Properties of Metal Oxides and their Applications in Solar Cells.- Optically active Metal Oxides for Photovoltaic Applications.- Metal oxides for Perovskite solar cells.- Doped metal oxide thin films for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell and other non-dye loaded.- Doped Metal Oxide Thin Films for Enhanced Solar Energy Applications.- Mixed Transition Metal Oxides for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production.- Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles Decorated ZnO Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Applications.- Oxygen-deficient metal oxide nanostructures for photocatalytic activities.- Oxygen-Deficient Iron Oxide Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Activities.- Properties of Titanium Dioxide-Based Nanostructures on Transparent Glass Substrates for Water Splitting and Photocatalytic Application.- Mixed Transition Metal Oxides for Energy Applications.- Nanosheets Derived Porous Materials and Coatings for Energy Storage Applications.- Role of Carbon Derivatives in Enhancing Metal Oxides Performances as Electrodes for Energy Storage Devices.- Hydrothermal synthesis of metal oxide composite cathode materials for high energy.- Metal Oxide Composite Cathode Material for High Energy Density Batteries.- Chemically Processed Transition Metal Oxides for Post-Lithium-Ion Battery Applications.- Nanostructured Metal Oxide-Based Electrode Materials for Ultracapacitors.- Nanoporous Metal Oxides for Supercapacitor Applications.- Nanoporous transition metal oxide-based electrodes for supercapacitor application.- Liquid phase deposition of nanostructured materials for Supercapacitor Applications.- Chemically processed metal oxides for sensing application: Heterojunction room.- Chemically Synthesized Novel Materials for Gas Sensing Applications Based on Metal Oxides Nanostructure.- Low-Temperature Processed Metal Oxides and Ion-exchanging Surfaces as pH Sensor.- Performance Evaluation of P-type Semiconducting Metal Oxides Based Gas Sensors.- Development Of InSb Nanostructures On GaSb Substrate By Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition: Design Considerations And Characterization.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415629275479,"sku":"9783030684617","price":237.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030684617.jpg?v=1730527575"},{"product_id":"mechanical-properties-of-nanomaterials-9783030746513","title":"Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterials","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book highlights the mechanical properties of nanomaterials produced by several techniques for various applications. The dislocations observed in specimens obtained in nanomaterials are discussed on the chapter about deformation process. Partial dislocations and grain boundary sliding deformation phenomena in nanomaterial specimens are also deeply discussed.  Tests for tension, compression, and hardness are described.  The behavior of nanomaterials is compared to macrosize specimens, and the results obtained for different fabrication methods are also compared. The special characteristics of nanomaterials are summarized at the end of the book.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface                                                                                                                            \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eContents                                                                                                                          \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author                                                                                                          \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 What are nanomaterials\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Structure of nanomaterials\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Basic concepts for producing nanomaterials\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Imperfections in nanomaterial\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Static deformation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e     \u003c\/b\u003e5.1 tension\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e     5.2 Compression\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e     5.3 torsion\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e     5.4 Flexure (bending)\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e     5.5 Indentation – Hardness\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Dynamic deformation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Time dependent deformation – Creep\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 cyclic deformation – Fatigue\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Fracture in nanomaterials\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Epilogue\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415634288983,"sku":"9783030746513","price":170.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030746513.jpg?v=1730527595"},{"product_id":"challenges-in-mechanics-of-time-dependent-materials-mechanics-of-biological-systems-and-materials-micro-and-nanomechanics-volume-2-proceedings-of-the-2021-annual-conference-exposition-on-experimental-and-applied-mechanics-9783030867362","title":"Challenges in Mechanics of Time Dependent","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eChallenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e, \u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eMechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, and Micro-and Nanomechanics,\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e Volume 2 of the \u003c\/i\u003eProceedings of the 2021 SEM Annual Conference \u0026amp; Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the second volume of four from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering.  The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers in the following general technical research areas: \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e Characterization Across Length Scales\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eExtreme Conditions \u0026amp; Environmental Effects\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eDamage, Fatigue and Fracture\u003c\/p\u003e  Structure, Function and Performance\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eRate Effects in Elastomers\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eViscoelasticity \u0026amp; Viscoplasticity\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eResearch in Progress\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eExtreme Nanomechanics\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eIn-Situ Nanomechanics\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eExpanding Boundaries in Metrology\u003c\/p\u003e  Micro and Nanoscale Deformation\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eMEMS for Actuation, Sensing and Characterization\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e1D \u0026amp; 2D Materials\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCardiac Mechanics\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCell Mechanics \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eBiofilms and Microbe Mechanics\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eTraumatic Brain Injury\u003c\/p\u003e  Orthopedic Biomechanics\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eLigaments and Soft Materials\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1. Advance of Collaborative Twinning Fields in Magnesium AZ31 via the Strain and Residual Intensity Channels in Microscopic Image Correlation.- Chapter 2. Time Dependent Materials Response of Transverse Impact on Model Beams.- Chapter 3. Wearable Device for Tremor Suppression.- Chapter 4. Fractional Viscoelastic Modeling Enabling Accurate Atomic Force Microscope Contact Resonance Spectroscopy Characterization.- Chapter 5. A Method for Measuring Displacement and Strain Around a Crack of Rubber Sheets Using Digital Image Correlation.- Chapter 6. Understanding the Nano-scale Deformation Mechanisms of Polyurea from in-situ AFM Tensile Experiments.- Chapter 7. Porosity Determination and Classification of Laser Powder Bed Fusion AlSi10Mg Dogbones Using Machine Learning.- Chapter 8. Constitutive Modelling of the Dynamic Behavior of Cork Material.- Chapter 9. The Penetration Dynamics of a Violent Cavitation Bubble through a Hydrogel-water Interface.- Chapter 10. Effects of Hydration on the Mechanical Response of a PVA Hydrogel.- Chapter 11. Gaussian Process to Identify Hydrogel Constitutive Model.- Chapter 12. Effect of Host Surface Factors on Biocompatible Adhesion Index.- Chapter 13. Mass Mitigation in Structural Designs Via Dynamic Properties.- Chapter 14. High Temperature Burst Creep Properties of Nuclear-grade FeCrAl Fuel Cladding.","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415652344151,"sku":"9783030867362","price":179.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030867362.jpg?v=1730527663"},{"product_id":"recent-developments-in-the-field-of-non-destructive-testing-safety-and-materials-science-9783030990596","title":"Recent Developments in the Field of","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book presents the latest advances and emerging trends in research and industrial applications in non-destructive testing, manufacturing and process safety and diagnostics and materials science. With technological advances, the modern world is on the verge of a new industrial revolution, being in the stage of digital transformation, when innovations from different industries interpenetrate and complement each other. The School of Non-Destructive Testing, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia, promotes scientific research and industrial application of non-destructive testing and materials science technologies and related tests, as well as methods, to ensure safe manufacturing processes.\u003cbr\u003eToday, research and technology advancement is driven by innovations, and there is a need for publications to stimulate the formation and continuous training of specialists in non-destructive testing, materials science and safety. This book can be used as a complementary technical document to upgrade the skills of specialists in non-destructive testing, materials science and safety, and as a primary resource for training managers and decision-makers in various industries.\u003cbr\u003eInnovations in the fields of non-destructive testing, production and process safety, diagnostics and materials science and books that highlight the best and instructive are central to our technological world.\u003cbr\u003eI am pleased to see this comprehensive book taking shape and advancing this field to the next generation of scientists seeking for new research opportunities.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInnovation in Non-Destructive Testing.- Innovations in the field of production and process safety.- Innovations in Technical Diagnostics and Materials Science.\t\t\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415671808343,"sku":"9783030990596","price":170.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030990596.jpg?v=1730527736"},{"product_id":"acoustic-emission-fracture-detection-in-structural-materials-9783031112904","title":"Acoustic Emission: Fracture Detection in","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book presents topical theoretical and experimental studies for developing advanced methods of detecting materials fracture and assessing their structural state using acoustic emission. It introduces new mathematical models characterizing the displacement fields arising from crack-like defects and establishes a new criterion for classifying different types of materials fracture based on specific parameters obtained from wavelet transforms of acoustic emission signals. The book applies this approach to experimental studies in three types of materials—fiber-reinforced composites, dental materials, and hydrogen-embrittled steels.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Macrofracture of Structural Materials and Methods\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eof Determining its Type................................................................................................... \u003c\/b\u003e1\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e1.1      Types of Structural Materials Fracture................................................................ 1\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e1.2      Application of the Acoustic Emission Method to Detect\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ethe Fracture of Structural Materials......................................................................  8\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e1.3      Detection of Defects by Signals\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eof Magnetoelastic Acoustic Emission ................................................................ 19\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e1.4      Methods of Spectral Analysis of AE Signals................................................... 21\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e1.5      Application of Wavelet Transform for\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of AE signals........................................................................................... 31\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eReferences............................................................................................................................... 43\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Mathematical Models for Displacement Fields Caused by\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ethe Crack in an Elastic Half-Space............................................................................ \u003c\/b\u003e61\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e2.1      Basic Relations of Three-Dimensional Dynamic Problems\u003c\/p\u003e  of the Theory of Elasticity for Bodies with Cracks........................................... 62\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e2.2      Modeling of Wave Displacements Field on the Half-Space\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eSurface due to Displacement of the Internal Crack Faces............................... 68\u003c\/p\u003e  References............................................................................................................................ 102\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Energy Criterion for Identification of the Types of\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaterial Macrofracture............................................................................................. \u003c\/b\u003e105\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e3.1      Methods for Identifying the Types of Macrofracture................................... 105\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e3.2      Construction of the Energy Criterion.............................................................. 108\u003c\/p\u003e  3.3      Continuous Wavelet Transform of the AE Signals Emitted\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eunder Fracture of Aluminum and its Alloy...................................................... 123\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e3.4    Specific Features of the Acoustic Emission Signals During Fracture of Aluminum Alloy Welded Joints under\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eQuasi-Static Loading............................................................................................ 130\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e3.5      AE-identification of the Types of Fracture during\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eLow-Temperature Creep Crack Growth........................................................... 135\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e3.6      Application of the Wavelet Transform to Study the\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eFeatures of Non-Metallic Materials Fracture................................................... 140\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eReferences............................................................................................................................ 144\u003c\/p\u003e   \u003cbr\u003e   \u003cp\u003evii\u003c\/p\u003e   \u003cbr\u003e   \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Evaluation of the Types and Mechanisms of Fracture\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eof Composite Materials According to Energy Criteria...................................... \u003c\/b\u003e151\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e4.1      Specific Features of Macrofracture of the Glass\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eFiber Reinforced Composites............................................................................ 152\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e4.2      AE-diagnostics of Fracture of the Aramid\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eFiber Reinforced Composites............................................................................ 159\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eReferences............................................................................................................................ 179\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Ranking of Dental Materials and Orthopedic Constructions\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eby their Tendency to Fracture.................................................................................. \u003c\/b\u003e185\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e5.1      State-of-the Art of Researches on Mechanical Properties\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eof Dental Materials............................................................................................. 186\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e5.2      Determination of the Characteristics of Materials for Temporary\u003c\/p\u003e  Fixed Constructions of Dentures...................................................................... 187\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e5.3      Evaluation of the Types of Dental Polymer Fracture by\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ethe Energy Criterion........................................................................................... 199\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e5.4      Peculiarities of Some Tooth-Endocrown\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eSystems Fracture under Quasi-Static Loading............................................... 205\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eReferences............................................................................................................................ 220\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Rating of Hydrogen Damaging of Steels by Wavelet\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTransform of Magnetoelastic Acoustic Emission Signals................................. \u003c\/b\u003e227\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e6.1      Some Aspects of Operation the Technical Systems\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ein Hydrogenous Medium................................................................................... 228\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e6.2      Method for Estimating the Hydrogen Damage of Structural\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eMaterials by Wavelet Transform of MAE Signals........................................ 232\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e6.3      Approbation of the Research Technigue on Specimens of\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eLong-Term Operated Pipe Steels..................................................................... 244\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eReferences............................................................................................................................ 255\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415684030807,"sku":"9783031112904","price":132.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783031112904.jpg?v=1730527779"},{"product_id":"space-group-representations-theory-tables-and-applications-9783031139901","title":"Space Group Representations: Theory, Tables and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book is devoted to the construction of space group representations, their tabulation, and illustration of their use. Representation theory of space groups has a wide range of applications in modern physics and chemistry, including studies of electron and phonon spectra, structural and magnetic phase transitions, spectroscopy, neutron scattering, and superconductivity. The book presents a clear and practical method of deducing the matrices of all irreducible representations, including double-valued, and tabulates the matrices of irreducible projective representations for all 32 crystallographic point groups. One obtains the irreducible representations of all 230 space groups by multiplying the matrices presented in these compact and convenient to use tables by easily computed factors. A number of applications to the electronic band structure calculations are illustrated through real-life examples of different crystal structures. The book's content is accessible to both graduate and advanced undergraduate students with elementary knowledge of group theory and is useful to a wide range of experimentalists and theorists in materials and solid-state physics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eScope and Overview.- Mathematical Preliminaries.- Induced Representations.- Projective Representations.- Representations of the Space Groups.- Tables.- Group Theory and Quantum Mechanics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415687209303,"sku":"9783031139901","price":123.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783031139901.jpg?v=1730527791"},{"product_id":"analytical-chemistry-basic-techniques-and-methods-9783031267567","title":"Analytical Chemistry: Basic Techniques and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book is designed as an undergraduate textbook for students of analytical chemistry. It can also be used as a reference book to study analytical methods in chemical analysis that have wide applications in various areas such as life sciences, clinical chemistry, air and water pollution, and industrial analysis. It covers fundamentals of analytical chemistry and the various analytical methods and techniques. This textbook includes pedagogical features such as worked examples and unsolved problems at the end of each chapter. This book is also useful for students of life sciences, clinical chemistry, air and water pollution, and industrial analysis.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStatistical Methods of Analysis.- Sampling.- Spectroanalytical Techniques.- Ultraviolet and Visible Spectral Methods.- Infrared Spectroscopy.- Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.- Atomic Emission Spectroscopy.- Thermal Methods.- Electroanalytical Method.- Coulometry.","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415703200087,"sku":"9783031267567","price":85.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783031267567.jpg?v=1730527845"},{"product_id":"electrolytic-production-of-al-si-alloys-theory-and-technology-9783031292484","title":"Electrolytic Production of Al–Si Alloys: Theory","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis monograph presents the theoretical background of the industrial process for the production of Al-Si alloys in standard aluminum electrolyzers. It reviews the physical chemistry and electrochemistry of cryolite melts containing silica and focuses on analyzing the exchange reactions in Na3AlF6–Al2O3–SiO2 melts. It presents the kinetics and mechanism of Si(IV) electroreduction in Na3AlF6–Al2O3–SiO2 melts on Al cathodes while the current yields as well as industrial tests performed are discussed. The modern research trends in the field are also overviewed. Providing readers with information not easily obtained in any other single source, this book is of great interest to researchers, graduates, and professionals working in the fields of electrochemistry and technology of cryolite-based melts.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1: Exchange reactions in Na3AlF6–Al2O3–SiO2 meltsChapter 2: Kinetics and mechanism of Si(IV) electroreduction in Na3AlF6–Al2O3–SiO2 melts on Al cathodeChapter 3: Current YieldChapter 4: Industrial TestsChapter 5: Modern Research Trends","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415705526615,"sku":"9783031292484","price":113.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783031292484.jpg?v=1730527851"},{"product_id":"energy-materials-2017-9783319516462","title":"Energy Materials 2017","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis collection highlights materials research and innovations for a wide breadth of energy systems and technologies. The volume includes papers organized into the following sections:Energy and Environmental Issues in Materials Manufacturing and ProcessingMaterials in Clean PowerMaterials for Coal-Based PowerMaterials for Energy Conversion with Emphasis on SOFCMaterials for Gas TurbinesMaterials for Nuclear EnergyMaterials for Oil and Gas\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart 1: Energy and Environmental Issues in Materials Manufacturing and Processing: Opportunities in the Steel Industry.- Waste Energy Recovery Technology of Iron and Steel Industry in China.- Green Manufacturing Process of Shougang Jingtang Steel Plant.- The Introduction and Process Optimization Research of Oxygen Blast Furnace Ironmaking Technology.- Prediction and optimal scheduling of byproduct gases in steel mill: Trends and challenges.- Processing Non-Oriented Electrical Steels Using Inclined\/Skew Rolling Schemes.- A Possible Way for Efficient Utilization of Coal Energy: The Combined Process of Ironmaking with Gasoline Synthesis and Electricity Generation.- The influence of water vapour on the fuming rate in a ferromanganese system.- Part 2: Energy and Environmental Issues in Materials Manufacturing and Processing: Opportunities in Aluminum Production, Waste Heat and Water Recovery.- Approach for pyrolysis gas release modelling and its potential for enhanced energy efficiency of aluminium remelting furnaces.- Numerical approach for the implementation of the interaction of pyrolysis gases and combustion products in an aluminium melting furnace.- Fluoropolymer Coated Condensing Heat Exchangers for Low-grade Waste Heat Recovery.- Nitrate and other anion removal from waste water using the Hydroflex technology.- Mechanical Analysis of Raceway Formation in Bulk Bed of Blast Furnace.- Part 3: Materials for Coal-Based Power: Materials For Coal-Based Power: Session I.- Ni-Fe based alloy GH984G used for 700 coal-fired power plant.- Part 4: Materials for Coal-Based Power: Materials For Coal-Based Power: Session II.- Creep strength and oxidation resistance of industrially made G115 Steel pipe.- Accelerated creep test for new steels and welds.- Part 5: Materials for Coal-Based Power: Materials For Coal-Based Power: Session IV.- The Reliability Analysis of 12Cr1MoVG and T23 Used for USC Boilers Water Wall.- Part 6: Materials for Coal-Based Power: Poster Session.- Effect of high-frequency induction hardening on stress corrosion of a 12% Cr martensitic stainless steel.- Fireside corrosion behaviors of Inconel 740 H superalloy in various SO2 contents.- High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of HAYNES282 Superalloy.- Recent Development in the Characteristics of Alloy 625 for A-USC Steam Turbine Castings.- Part 7: Materials for Gas Turbines: Coatings.- EVOLUTION OF THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF Sm2Zr2O7 UNDER CMAS ATTACK.- Part 8: Materials for Gas Turbines: Hot Corrosion and New Materials.- Development of a new high strength and hot corrosion resistant directionally solidified superalloy DZ409.- Part 9: Materials for Gas Turbines: Microstructure and Processing.- Modeling the Diffusion of Minor Elements in Different MCrAlY – Superalloy Substrates at High Temperature.- ON HEALING MECHANISM OF CAST POROSITIES IN CAST NI-BASED SUPERALLOY BY HOT ISOSTATIC PRESSING.- The Influence of Dendritic Segregation Degree to the Recrystallization Nucleation in U4720LI.- Part 10: Materials for Gas Turbines: Poster Session.- Stress Rupture Properties of Alloy 783.- Study on the Undercoolability and Single Crystal Castability of Nickel-Based Superalloys.- Part 11: Materials for Nuclear Energy: Materials for Nuclear Applications I.- Enhancing the High-Cycle Fatigue Property of 316 Austenitic Stainless Steels through Introduction of Mechanical Twins by Cold-Drawing.- Part 12: Materials for Nuclear Energy: Materials for Nuclear Applications II.- Microstructure Evolution of a Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel during High-temperature Tempering.-  Part 13: Materials for Nuclear Energy: Environmental Effects.- Effect of Steam Pressure on the Oxidation Behaviour of Alloy 625.- Friction Stir Processing of Degraded Austenitic Stainless Steel Nuclear Fuel Dry Cask Storage System Canisters.- Part 14: Materials for Nuclear Energy: Accident Tolerant Fuels \u0026amp; Irradiation Effects.- The Mechanical Response of Advanced Claddings during Proposed Reactivity Initiated Accident Conditions.- First principles investigations of alternative nuclear fuels.- Comparative study of thermal conductivity of SiC and BeO from ab initio calculations.- Part 15: Materials for Oil and Gas and AMREE Oil \u0026amp; Gas III.- Anisotropic behaviors for X100 high grade pipeline steel under stress constraints.- Co-relation of microstructural features with tensile and toughness characteristics of X70 grade steel.- Development and applications of new generation Ni-containing cryogenic steels in China.- Microstructure analysis and weldability investigation of stainless steel clad plate.- Microstructure and Properties of High Performance Pipeline Steels.- Sensitivity variation of nanomaterials at different operating temperature conditions.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49417092628823,"sku":"9783319516462","price":75.88,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783319516462.jpg?v=1730531604"},{"product_id":"light-metals-2017-9783319515403","title":"Light Metals 2017","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Light Metals symposia at the TMS Annual Meeting \u0026amp; Exhibition present the most recent developments, discoveries, and practices in primary aluminum science and technology. The annual Light Metals volume has become the definitive reference in the field of aluminum production and related light metal technologies. The 2017 collection includes papers from the following symposia:Alumina and BauxiteAluminum Alloys, Processing, and CharacterizationAluminum Reduction TechnologyCast Shop TechnologyCast Shop Technology: Recycling and Sustainability Joint SessionElectrode TechnologyThe Science of Melt Refining: An LMD Symposium in Honor of Christian Simensen and Thorvald Abel Engh\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e     ","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49417092661591,"sku":"9783319515403","price":474.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783319515403.jpg?v=1730531605"}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/collections\/testing-of-materials.oembed?page=11","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}