{"title":"Stratigraphy Books","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"the-changing-flow-of-energy-through-the-climate-system-9781108972468","title":"The Changing Flow of Energy Through the Climate","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKevin E. Trenberth emphasizes the fundamental role of energy flows in the climate system and anthropogenic climate change. The distribution of heat, or more generally, energy, is the main determinant of weather patterns in the atmosphere and their impacts. The topics addressed cover many facets of climate and the climate crisis. These include the diurnal cycle; the seasons; energy differences between the continents and the oceans, the poles and the tropics; interannual variability such as Niño; natural decadal variability; and ice ages. Human-induced climate change rides on and interacts with all of these natural phenomena, and the result is an unevenly warming planet and changing weather extremes. The book emphasizes the need to not only slow or stop climate change, but also to better prepare for it and build resilience. Students, researchers, and professionals from a wide range of backgrounds will benefit from this deeper understanding of climate change.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'Kevin Trenberth is one of the world's premier climate scientists … [He] has an extraordinary ability to take the complicated scientific dynamics of global warming and communicate what's happening in a clear and compelling way … I highly value the way he not only informs, but also motivates action … an essential read to understand the underlying scientific dynamics of the climate crisis.' Al Gore, former Vice President; from the Foreword to the book\u003cbr\u003e'Nobody has contributed more to our understanding of climate change than Kevin Trenberth. In this book, Trenberth uses the concept of energy flows to explain, in accessible terms, how Earth's climate system operates and how it's being profoundly impacted by human-generated carbon emissions. Read this book to be informed about the basic science underlying the defining challenge of our time.' Michael E. Mann, Penn State University; author of The New Climate War: The Fight to Take Back Our Planet\u003cbr\u003e'Authoritative, rigorous, well written, and nicely illustrated, Trenberth's book is a welcome addition to the non-specialist literature on climate change. It should be suitable as a possible textbook for graduate courses in climate change and climate dynamics, and appealing to the reader willing to invest the time and effort required to understand the scientific principles that determine how the climate system will respond to the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.' John M. Wallace, University of Washington\u003cbr\u003e'Trenberth is the world's greatest master-gatherer of climate data; he orders and translates it into beautifully rendered illustrations that can be followed by everyone. If you do not understand a figure, just go to his accompanying prose and you will. He understands every contour of the data. He teaches us through the lens of energetic reservoirs and fluxes among the various climate system components and how they are forced to move about, grow or shrink. What a treat it is.' Gerald R. North, Texas A\u0026amp;M University\u003cbr\u003e'Trenberth's The Changing Flow of Energy through the Climate System is an important new textbook on global warming. It is highly accessible and includes a wide range of informative color figures. The introductory chapters give a broad overview of the Earth's climate system that will complement other textbooks on the subject. The chapters on flows of energy go beyond many other publications and provide a deeper understanding of topics such as patterns of natural variability. It is an up-to-date and timely publication, coinciding as it does with the latest Assessment Report from the IPCC.' Matt Smith, University of Worcester\u003cbr\u003e'Understanding the changes occurring in the Earth's energy budget underlies understanding of our changing climate. This excellent book builds on the many highly acknowledged research papers Kevin has written on this and related topics of the physics associated with our climate system to explain the depths of the science, while doing it in a way that it readable by the non-expert. And yet, there is much in it of value to all of us, including the experienced scientist.' Donald J. Wuebbles, University of Illinois\u003cbr\u003e'I read Kevin's book in August 2021 while visiting family in Greece, away from my home in California, at a time when both regions were devastated by fires following persistent drought and the worst heat waves in decades. Kevin's book emphasizes physical concepts behind these accelerating extremes. He very nicely describes the need to 'stabilize the energy flow of our climate system' and build resilience for the disasters ahead. The easy-to-read style of Kevin's book is a welcome and very timely addition for scientists, non-scientists and decision-makers, alike. He reminds us that it is only by the people of the world working together that we can address this crisis and save humanity on our Spaceship Earth.' Efi Foufoula-Georgiou, University of California, Irvine\u003cbr\u003e'Kevin Trenberth is not only one of the world's foremost scholars on climate change, but also among the best at communicating this science. Kevin doesn't just take the reader through the science, but also does a masterful job at laying the foundation upon which the climate change story is built. This is a perfect book for atmospheric and climate science students, as well as for scientifically literate members of the general public who want a true dive into the fundamentals of climate change.' Paul Gross, CCM, CBM; WDIV-TV Meteorologist; Fellow, American Meteorological Society\u003cbr\u003e'… a highly accessible treatment of contemporary climate science … Ideal for non-experts, this volume avoids overly technical language yet still describes complex climate system changes … Highly recommended.' J. Schoof, Choice\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Earth and Climate System; 2. Earth's Energy Imbalance and Climate Change; 3. Earth's Energy Balance; 4. The Sun-Earth System; 5. Observations of Temperature, Moisture, Precipitation and Radiation; 6. The Climate System; 7. The Weather Machine; 8. The Dynamic Ocean; 9. Poleward Heat Transports by the Atmosphere and Ocean; 10. The Changing Hydrological Cycle; 11. Teleconnections and Patterns of Variability; 12. El Niño; 13. Feedbacks and Climate Sensitivity; 14. Earth's Energy Imbalance Estimates; 15. Attribution and the Hiatus; 16. Prediction and Projection; 17. Emissions and Information; 18. Climate Change and Environmental Issues; References and further reading; Bibliography; Glossary; Acronyms; Index.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738348171607,"sku":"9781108972468","price":35.14,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781108972468.jpg?v=1723811957"},{"product_id":"introducing-metamorphism-9781780460642","title":"Introducing Metamorphism","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eMetamorphic rocks are one of the three main types of rock. Originally comprising either igneous or sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks are the products of change by heat and pressure, often at great depths in the earth’s crust, into a completely new form. One of the classic examples of the result of a metamorphic process is the transformation of sedimentary mudstone into slate.Introducing Metamorphism provides a succinct introduction to metamorphism. Ian Sanders explains how and why rocks change during metamorphic processes. He discusses the role of water in metamorphism and describes the different types of metamorphic processes including contact, shock and high pressure metamorphism and metamorphism in an orogenic belt.Copiously illustrated and written for those who wish to gain a clear understanding of metamorphic processes, Introducing Metamorphism is designed to make the processes that led to the formation of these rocks intelligible to its readers. Technical terms are kept to a minimum and are explained in a glossary.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e‘In summary, the author has succeeding in producing a text that provides a comprehensive description of metamorphism ranging from the simple fundamental definitions to complex metamorphic processes.It is superbly illustrated with, in particular, excellent photographs and microphotographs illustrating mineral textures, the relationship of minerals to structures and the relative development of minerals. In addition, there are many very clear and useful diagrams covering mineral types, their stability fields and their development under evolving metamorphic conditions, simplified facies maps, the relationship of minerals within triangular chemical diagrams, etc.This is a well-produced book and a comprehensive modern account of metamorphism.Each chapter contains a wealth of detail. It covers items of interest to the novice and those with experience in metamorphic rocks. Because of the depth of information, the relative novice might find a straight read rather overwhelming and might find it better to skim the essence of each section and then go back and study the detail as desired. Either way, all users will enjoy and gain from this book.’ Edinburgh Geologist\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e'Ian Sanders has produced an excellent introductory text into perhaps one of the more abstract and technical areas of the Earth Sciences.\u003cbr\u003eDespite the fact that metamorphic rocks make up the bulk of the Earth’s crust, there is a glaring gap in the market for a succinct publication that examines the wide variety of processes that generate metamorphic rocks and minerals. Perhaps the paucity of publications in this field relates to the rather ‘unglamorous’ perception of this key area of geology or the necessity for at least a basic grounding in the chemical and physical sciences to understanding key metamorphic concepts. However, this book clearly shows the importance of understanding metamorphic processes in Earth Systems Science without losing the reader in the detailed kinematics of the subject.\u003cbr\u003eThe joy of Ian Sander’s textbook is that it makes the processes responsible for the formation of metamorphic rocks intelligible to its readers but does not shy away from key theories and concepts. The lack of unnecessary terminology (which is included as a glossary in the appendix) and incorporation of numerous illustrations makes this textbook an enthralling and informative read. Buy it, sit back, relax, read and enjoy!'\u003cbr\u003eTeaching Earth Sciences\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface. Acknowledgements. 1 Introduction: 1.1 What is metamorphism? 1.2 Metamorphic rocks – made under mountains; 1.3 Metamorphism in local settings. 2 The petrography of metamorphic rocks: 2.1 Quartzite and metapsammite; 2.2 Metapelite; 2.3 Marble; 2.4 Metabasite; 2.5 Metagranite; 2.6 Metaperidotite; 2.7 Summary of metamorphic minerals and protoliths. 3 Interpreting mineral changes and textures; 3.1 Mineral stability, fluids, and partial melting; 3.2 Understanding metamorphic textures. 4 Aureoles, orogenies and impacts: 4.1 Contact metamorphism; 4.2 Metamorphism in orogenic belts and subduction zones; 4.3 Shock metamorphism. 5 Case studies in geothermobarometry: 5.1 Granulite-facies rocks at Slishwood; 5.2 Eclogite-facies rocks at Glenelg. Appendix 1 The Earth’s interior. Appendix 2 The chemical formulae of minerals. Appendix 3 Minerals under the microscope. Appendix 4 Microbeam and X-ray methods. Appendix 5 The principles of isotopic dating (geochronology).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Liverpool University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49084324675927,"sku":"9781780460642","price":24.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781780460642.jpg?v=1725551776"},{"product_id":"the-great-devonian-controversy-9780226731025","title":"The Great Devonian Controversy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49400099897687,"sku":"9780226731025","price":40.85,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226731025.jpg?v=1730469719"},{"product_id":"late-ordovician-brachiopods-from-westcentral-alaska-9781118384176","title":"Late Ordovician Brachiopods from WestCentral","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Late Ordovician silicified brachiopod fauna from the White Mountain area, west-central Alaska is described and interpreted in a palaeoecological and biogeographical context. This area is situated within the Nixon Fork Subterrane of the Farewell Terrane, which origin and timing of final docking with Laurentia has been much debated. The current study adds new faunal data to the debate with nearly 100 species described, of these at least nine are new. The fauna is predominantly a deep-water autochthonous fauna that was mixed with an allochthonous fauna as a result of down-slope movement of turbidity currents. Biogeographically this study demonstrates close faunal affinities with Siberia.","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406862262615,"sku":"9781118384176","price":33.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118384176.jpg?v=1730497370"},{"product_id":"atlas-of-the-holocene-netherlands-landscape-and-habitation-since-the-last-ice-age-9789463724432","title":"Atlas of the Holocene Netherlands: Landscape and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe landscape of the Netherlands has been changing constantly since the end of the last ice age, some 11,700 years ago. Where we walk today was once a polar desert, a river delta or a shallow sea. The end of the last ice age marked the beginning of a new geological period - the Holocene, the relatively warm geological epoch in which we are still living today. \u003ci\u003eThe Atlas of the Holocene Netherlands\u003c\/i\u003e contains special maps, supplemented by archaeological and historical information. These maps show the geographical situation for thirteen different points in time since the last ice age, based on tens of thousands of drill samples and the latest geological, soil and archaeological research. This magnificent atlas also paints a surprising picture of the position we humans have occupied in the landscape. It addresses such questions as: How did we take advantage of the opportunities offered by the landscape? And how did we mould the landscape to suit our own purposes? \u003ci\u003eThe Atlas of the Holocene Netherlands\u003c\/i\u003e will change once and for all the way you look at the Dutch landscape.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"The Holocene history of the Netherlands is a learning site for coastal sedimentary landscapes all over the world. The international community is indebted to this team of experts that shared their deep understanding of landscape evolution. Learning the lessons from this atlas may prevent future catastrophes. It is the main reason why this book deserves very wide distribution.\"\u003cbr\u003e- Henry Hooghiemstra, \u003ccite\u003eCanadian Journal of Netherlandic Studies\u003c\/cite\u003e, 41.1 (2021)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface Introduction 1 The Netherlands in the Holocene 2 What came before? 3 Rising sea levels 4 Tides and waves shape the coast 5 The big rivers fill the delta 6 Peat covers the land 7 Human intervention 8 How the maps were compiled 9 Notes on the map legends The maps 9000 BCE Rising temperatures 5500 BCE Rising water levels 3850 BCE Expanding peat 2750 BCE The coastline closes 1500 BCE Peat covers the land 500 BCE The building of terps 250 BCE Changing tidal systems CE 100 Human impact CE 800 Return of the sea CE 1250 Dyking of rivers and salt marshes CE 1500 People shape the landscape CE 1850 Human 'nature' CE 2000 A country created by people Glossary Further reading Acknowledgements","brand":"Amsterdam University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49427751272791,"sku":"9789463724432","price":88.35,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789463724432.jpg?v=1730565565"},{"product_id":"the-ground-beneath-us-from-the-oldest-cities-to-the-last-wilderness-what-dirt-tells-us-about-who-we-are-9780316342261","title":"The Ground Beneath Us From the Oldest Cities to","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Little Brown and Company","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49524885422423,"sku":"9780316342261","price":21.6,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780316342261.jpg?v=1731858474"},{"product_id":"morphology-phylogeny-and-taxonomy-of-osteolepiform-fish-9781119286431","title":"Morphology Phylogeny and Taxonomy of","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eA discussion and description of prehistoric fish within an international series\u003c\/b\u003e Material of six osteolepiform genera is described in \u003ci\u003eMorphology, Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Osteolepiform Fish\u003c\/i\u003e. This publication is Number 61 within the \u003ci\u003eFossils and Strata\u003c\/i\u003e series. The international \u003ci\u003eFossils and Strata\u003c\/i\u003e series features monographs in palaeontology and biostratigraphy with taxonomic descriptions. The series is owned by and published on behalf of The Lethaia Foundation in cooperation with the Scandinavian countries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction  1 \u003cp\u003eGeneral taxonomy  2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e‘Crossoptgerygii’ and ‘Rhipidistia’ 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOsteolepiform subdivisions  3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology  4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCranial roof  4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndocranium  13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDermal bones in mouth roof  13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower jaw  14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperculo-gular bones 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpper Palaeozoic fossil locality in the Oslo Region  16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStratigraphy  16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptions  18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaterial, methods and repository  18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Askerichthys n gen  20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAskerichthys heintzi n sp  20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Megalichthys Agassiz, 1835  62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMegalichthys cf M hibberti Agassiz, 1835 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMegalichthys pygmaeus Tranquair, 1879  97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMegalichthys syndentolaminaris n sp  99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Latvius Jarvik, 1948 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLatvius grewingki (Gross, 1933) 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLatvius deckerti Jensen, 1966 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLatvius sp Jensen, 1966 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLatvius cf L niger Jensen, 1973 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Osteolepis Agassiz, 1835 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOsteolepis macrolepidotus Agassiz, 1835 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Gyroptychius McCoy, 1848 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGyroptychius milleri (Jarvik, 1948) 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGyroptychius groenlandicus Jarvik, 1950a 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMorphologic comparisons and discussions 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFronto-ethmoidal shield 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral shape 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpremaxilla 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComposition of naso-rostro-premaxillary complex 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShape of upper mouth margin 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnterior palatal (premaxillary and rostral) teeth and palatal processes 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefi nitions and occurrences of morphotypes of anterior palatal teeth 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTooth replacement and evolutionary relationship between the anterior palatal dental morphotypes 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of premaxillary teeth 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystematic significance of anterior palatal teeth 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnterior palatal processes 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostrostrals 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariation and trends in postrostral pattern 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaxonomic significance of postrostral pattern 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNasals 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of nasal bones 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositions of the bones in the nasal series 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCircumnarial dermal bones and supraorbitals 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariation in eusthenopterids 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReconstructing the circumnarial pattern in Osteolepis macrolepidotus 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReconstructing the pattern of supraorbitals in Osteolepis macrolepidotus 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCircumnarial and supraorbital pattern in other Devonian osteolepiforms 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHomologizations of circumnarial bones in Megalichthys hibberti, Ectosteorhachis, Askerichthys and Cladarosymblema 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupraorbito-tectal series of panderichthyids 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrontals and dermosphenotics 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShape and composition of frontals 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShape, positions and extension of dermosphenotic bones 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFenestrae 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosition of nasal fenestra 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShape of nasal fenestra 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcessus dermintermedius 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTubercles in nasal fenestra 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresence or absence of pineal openings 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosition of pineal foramen 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShape of pineal openings 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSize of pineal fenestra and presence of pineal plates 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory canals 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePitlines 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParietal shield 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelative lengths of fronto-ethmoidal and parietal shields 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShape of parietal shield 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProportions 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtruding posterior margin 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosition of spiracular incision 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelative length of the spiracular incision 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParietals 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShape of parietals 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParietal structures 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntertemporals 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShape of interpemporal 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnterior intertemporal margin and process in post-Devonian taxa 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnterior intertemporal processes in Devonian forms 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the function of the intracranial joint 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral shelf of intertemporal 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVentral surface of intertemporal 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupratemporals 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShape 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVentral surface and lateral margin 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpiracular structures 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtension of the spiracular opening 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of spiracular openings 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePossible muscle insertions around the spiraculum 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtratemporal (= postspiraculars) 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory canals 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCourse of sensory canal 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosition of canal openings 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePitlines 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtrascapulars238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDermal palatal bones 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVomers 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview of taxa with known vomers 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransverse tusk positions on anterior vomers 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration of anterior vomers 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtensions and proportions of the posterior vomer 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDental lamina and teeth 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntervomerine Canals 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolution of the vomers 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParasphenoid 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivision of the parasphenoid 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParaspenoid dental plate 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuccohypophysial foramen 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePars anterior of parasphenoid 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParasphenoid shelves and processi ascendens 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForamina on the shelf 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcrochordal depressions, additional dermal bones and basicranial muscles 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOccurrence of acrochordal depressions 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunction of acrochordal depressions 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndocranium 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthmosphenoid 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProportions of ethmosphenoid 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubethmoidal fossae 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNasobasal canal and palatonasal canal 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal structures of nasal capsule 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostnasal wall 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrbitosphenoid wall of eusthenopterids 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparing orbitosphenoid region of Ectosteorhachis foordi with other cyclolepidoids than eusthenopterids 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrbitosphenoid in Osteolepidoidei and other forms 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystematic significance of orbitosphenoid structure 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosterior end of orbitosphenoid 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOtico-occipital 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCheek plate 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaxilla 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShape 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVentral margin and tooth distribution on maxilla  282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostorbital and squamosal 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLachrymal 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJugal 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShape 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContact with the orbit 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuadratojugal 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower jaw (= mandible) 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShape 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProportions 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnterior notch 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntero-dorsal bulb 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDorsal margin 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositions of dental margin and glenoid notch 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetroarticular process 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal structures 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDentary\/Infradentary suture 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInter-infradentary sutures 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDorsal cosmine notch, cosmine corners and postero-dorsal bone margin 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHorizontal pitline 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical pitline of infradentary 2 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory canal 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCanal course 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration of canals 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDentary 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDentary teeth 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDentary shelf and dental fossa 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoronoids 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of coronoid bones and tusks 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReplacement of coronoid tusks 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelative size of coronoid tusks 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelative positions of coronoid tusks 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoronoid dental ridge 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntercoronoid fossae 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnterior mandibular fossa 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrearticular 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresence of a pars anterior of the prearticular 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnteriad extension and configuration of pars anterior of the prearticular 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCourse of the pars anterior of the prearticular 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnterior extension of prearticular dental plate 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShape of dental plate 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrearticular dental plate configuration and teeth 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostero-ventral depression 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosterior part of prearticular 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParasymphyseal dental plate and adsymphysial fossa 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOccurrence of Parasymphyseal dental plate 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShape of Parasymphyseal dental plate 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelations of Parasymphyseal dental plate to other bones 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdsymphysial fossa 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfradentaries 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfradentary surfaces 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosterior extension of infradentaries 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeckelian bone 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePars mentomandibularis 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVentral exposures 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePars articularis 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForamina 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory canal foramina 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForamina for nerves and vessels 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory canal pore patterns 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution patterns of sensory pores 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePore distribution as an age indicator 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolution of pore dispersion 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaxonomic significance of pore number and distribution 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSize and types of sensory pits  357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperculo-gular complex 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedian gular 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrincipal gulars 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubmandibulars 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOpercular and subopercular 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShoulder girdle  367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScapulocoracoid 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDermal shoulder girdle 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFins  369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaudal fin 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosition of fins 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScales, body proportions and vertebrae 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScales 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScale distribution 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScale morphology 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody proportions 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertebrae 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogeny and taxonomy of osteolepiforms 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaxonomic concepts and principles 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacters 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuantitative characters 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimitive and derived characters, convergence, parallelism and homoplasy 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSufficient, necessary, indicative,single and combined characters 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnoses 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA phylogenetic model 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA systematic model 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrder Osteolepiformes Berg, 1937 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuborder Osteolepidoidei Moy-Thomas \u0026amp; Miles, 1971 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily Thursiidae n fam  383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Thursius Traquair, 1888  384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily Osteolepididae Cope, 1889 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubfamily Glyptopominae Goodrich, 1909 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Glyptopomus Agassiz, 1844 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Megistolepis Obruchev, 1955 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Shirolepis Vorobyeva, 1977a 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Greiserolepis Vorobyeva, 1977a 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubfamily Osteolepidinae n subfam 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Osteolepis Agassiz, 1835 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Latvius Jarvik, 1948 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Gogonasus Long, 1985b 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Geptolepis Vorobyeva \u0026amp; Lebedev, 1986a 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Peregrina Vorobyeva \u0026amp; Lebedev, 1986b 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily Megalichthyidae Hay, 1902 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubfamily Ectosteorhachinae n subfam 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Ectosteorhachis Cope, 1880 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubfamily Megalichthyinae n subfam or Cope, 1940 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Cladarosymblema Fox, Cambell, Barwick \u0026amp; Long, 1995 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Megalichthys Agassiz, 1835 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubfamily Askerichthyinae n subfam 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Askerichthys n gen 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuborder Cyclolepidoidei n suborder 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuperfamily Eopodoidea n superfam 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily Gyroptychiidae Berg, 1958 Berg 1940 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Gyroptychius McCoy, 1848 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily Panderichthyidae Vorobyeva \u0026amp; Lyarskaya, 1968 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubfamily Panderichthyinae n subfam 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Panderichthys Gross, 1941 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Livoniana Ahlberg, Lukševiès \u0026amp; Lebedev, 2000 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubfamily Elpistosteginae n subfam 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Elpistostege Westoll, 1938  436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Tiktaalik Daeschler, Shubin \u0026amp; Jenkins, 2006  436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily Chrysolepididae n fam 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Chrysolepis Lebelev, 1983 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily Eusthenopteridae Berg, 1955 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Tristichopterus Egerton, 1861 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Eusthenopteron Whiteaves, 1881 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Eusthenodon Jarvik, 1952 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Platycephalichthys Vorobyeva, 1959 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Jarvikina Vorobyeva, 1977a 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Marsdenichthys Long, 1985a 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Spodichthys Jarvik, 1985 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Notorhizodon Young, Long, \u0026amp; Ritchie, 1992 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Mandageria Johanson \u0026amp; Ahlberg, 1997 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Cabonnichthys Ahlberg \u0026amp; Johanson, 1997 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Heddleichthys Snitting, 2008b 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Langlieria Clément, Snitting \u0026amp; Ahlberg, 2008  462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuperfamily Parapodoidea n superfam 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily Medoevididae n fam 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Medoevia Lebedev, 1995 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily Canowindridae Young, Long \u0026amp; Ritchie, 1992 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Canowindra Th omson, 1973 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Beelarongia Long, 1987 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Koharalepis Young, Long \u0026amp; Ritchie, 1992 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuperfamily Rhizodontoidea n superfam 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOsteolepiformes subord indet 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily Lamprotolepididae Vorobyeva, 1977a 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Lamprotolepis Vorobyeva, 1977a  468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOsteolepiformes subord \u0026amp; fam indet 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Litoptychius Denison, 1951 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Lohsania Thomson \u0026amp; Vaughn, 1968 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Sterropterygion Thomson, 1972 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Megapomus Vorobyeva, 1977a 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Thysanolepis Vorobyeva, 1977a 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Viluichthys Vorobyeva, 1977a  475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Mahalalepis Young, Long \u0026amp; Ritchie, 1992 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Platyethmoidea Young, Long \u0026amp; Ritchie, 1992 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Vorobjevaia Young, Long \u0026amp; Ritchie, 1992 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Sengoerichthys Janvier, Clément \u0026amp; Cloutier, 2007 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenus Criptolepis Worobjeva, 1975c 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTables 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix Abbreviations used in illustrations and tables 506\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49528852119895,"sku":"9781119286431","price":148.15,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119286431.jpg?v=1731873277"},{"product_id":"the-biomarker-guide-v2-2ed-volume-2-biomarkers-and-isotopes-in-petroleum-systems-and-earth-history-9780521039987","title":"The Biomarker Guide v2 2ed Volume 2 Biomarkers","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe second edition of The Biomarker Guide is a fully updated and expanded version of this essential reference. Now in two volumes, it provides a comprehensive account of the role that biomarker technology plays both in petroleum exploration and in understanding Earth history and processes. Biomarkers and Isotopes in Petroleum Exploration and Earth History itemizes parameters used to genetically correlate petroleum and interpret thermal maturity and extent of biodegradation. It documents most known petroleum systems by geologic age throughout Earth history. The Biomarker Guide is an invaluable resource for geologists, petroleum geochemists, biogeochemists, and environmental scientists.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'The authors have clearly and thoroughly explained the widespread application of biomarkers in the exploration and production of petroleum. No other book shows these organic markers so clearly as a useful tool for the operating geologist, the reservoir engineer, and professors and their students who work in the petroleum field.' John M. Hunt, Petroleum Geochemist, 1982 Alfred Treibs Medalist, author of Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology (1996)\u003cbr\u003e'The updated and expanded Biomarker Guide, 2nd Edition has the quality and depth to become the 'scientific bible'for a diverse audience of experts and newcomers in this interdisciplinary field of science, ranging from geologists and archaeologists to environmental scientists, microbiologists, and chemists.' Dietrich H. Welte, Organic Geochemist, 1983 Alfred Treibs Medalist, co-author of Petroleum Formation and Occurrence (1984)\u003cbr\u003e'The 2nd Edition of The Biomarker Guide contains the most comprehensive discussion of the world's petroleum systems available. It is a 'must have' for all petroleum geologists and students of subsurface fluid systems.'  Leslie B. Magoon, Petroleum Systems Analyst, recipient as co-editor of the R.H. Dott Sr. Memorial Award for AAPG Memoir 60 The Petroleum System - From Source to Trap\u003cbr\u003e'The Biomarker Guide 1st Edition has been an indispensable reference for virtually all organic geochemists for the past ten years. I use it constantly and eagerly await my copy of the revised and extended 2nd Edition. It will certainly remain the standard reference for my classes and laboratory.'  Roger E. Summons, Biogeochemist, 2003 Alfred Treibs Medalist, Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology\u003cbr\u003e'The 2nd Edition is an excellent synthesis of biomarker and isotopic geochemistry in petroleum research with a greatly expanded treatment of applications to environmental issues, the latter filling what has hitherto been a significant gap in the literature. This two-volume set will be an important resource for graduate teaching.' Barbara Sherwood Lollar, Isotope Geochemist, University of Toronto, profiled in TIME magazine's Leaders of the 21st Century for research on tracing organic contaminants in groundwater\u003cbr\u003ePraise for first edition: 'The authors should be congratulated for compiling and publishing this important and useful guide.' Raphael Ikan, Organic Geochemistry\u003cbr\u003ePraise for first edition: 'This book will rapidly become the standard in the field … required reading for anyone interested in understanding biomarkers and their application in petroleum geology.' Joseph A. Curiale, American Association of Petroleum Geologists\u003cbr\u003ePraise for the first edition: 'The book is a must for any geological research library, and certainly a necessary reference for petroleum research.' William D. Bischoff, Carbonates and Evaporites\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbout the authors; Preface; Purpose; Acknowledgements; Part II. Biomarkers and Isotopes in Petroleum Systems and Earth History: 12. Geochemical correlation and chemometrics; 13. Source- and age-related biomarker parameters; 14. Maturity-related biomarker parameters; 15. Non-biomarker maturity parameters; 16. Biodegradation parameters; 17. Tectonic and biotic history of the Earth; 18. Petroleum systems through time; 19. Problem areas and further work; Appendix: geologic time charts; Glossary; References; Index.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51018251239767,"sku":"9780521039987","price":96.3,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780521039987.jpg?v=1750776175"},{"product_id":"geomatics-in-energy-and-water-resources-a-coloured-handbook-9789385516498","title":"Geomatics in Energy and Water Resources (A","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"New India Publishing Agency","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51047126466903,"sku":"9789385516498","price":169.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789385516498.jpg?v=1750970370"},{"product_id":"geology-principles-and-practical-manual-9789385516818","title":"Geology: Principles and Practical Manual","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"New India Publishing Agency","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51047126991191,"sku":"9789385516818","price":107.38,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789385516818.jpg?v=1750970372"},{"product_id":"landslide-research-the-dsts-initiatives-9789385516931","title":"Landslide Research The DST's Initiatives","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"New India Publishing Agency","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51047127712087,"sku":"9789385516931","price":177.65,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789385516931.jpg?v=1750970375"},{"product_id":"introducing-stratigraphy-9781780460222","title":"Introducing Stratigraphy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eStratigraphy is the branch of geology which studies rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification).Stratigraphy deals primarily with sedimentary rocks but also embraces layered igneous rocks where layers result from successive lava flows.A common goal of stratigraphic studies is the interpretation of sequences of rock strata, thus understanding the time relationships involved, and correlating units of the sequence with rock strata elsewhere. Nicholas Steno described four principles of stratigraphy in the seventeenth century, including the law of superposition which states that states that, in undeformed stratigraphic sequences, the oldest strata will be at the bottom of the sequence. These ideas still underpin modern stratigraphy which is governed by The International Commission on Stratigraphy. Its primary objective is to precisely define global units (systems, series, and stages) of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart that, in turn, are the basis for the units (periods, epochs, and age) of the International Geologic Time Scale.Stratigraphy has application in many scientific fields, including archaeology, palaeontology and in the search for natural resources. 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Due deference is paid to James Hutton and his appreciation of deep time. especially at the 'holy grail' of Siccar Point.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnly by going down this historical road can the various potential pitfalls of the construction of the geological timescale be appreciated. This is one of those cases where an example serves well to illustrate the problems and Paul chooses the Cambrian-Silurian controversy that was eventually solved by Charles Lapworth when he gave us the Ordovician.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe pioneers came in two camps, the catastrophists and those who believed in the principle of uniformitarianism. Paul shows how these opposing views can be reconciled. The subject of absolute dating is dealt with in a way that enables everyone to understand what can be a difficult subject for those without much scientific background.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor me. the best part of this book is a long chapter that examines the stratigraphic column from beginning to end on a world wide scale. So far as I know that has never been done in a popular book before and it's long overdue!\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis is followed short chapters that introduce us to stratigraphic units and the ·golden spike' and the applications of stratigraphy. This is surely a reminder that stratigraphy isn't just about historical geology, it's a live part of our science. especially in the search for hydrocarbons and in climate studies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book fills a very large hole in popular Earth science publishing that has existed for many years. Go out and buy it!’ \u003ci\u003eDown to Earth\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements. Introduction. What is stratigraphy? Definitions and branches: lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy; Applications: why is it important? Historical developments: cross-cutting depositional relationships, the sedimentary sequence \u0026amp; Walther's law, gradualism versus actualism, units in geochronology and stratigraphy, building the stratigraphic chart. The Role of the International Commission on Stratigraphy. Global sratotype sections and points (GSSPs); the Anthropocene. Quantification of dates and rates: radiometric age dating methods, the geological time scale, the age of the earth, earth cycles, magnetostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, event stratigraphy - examples of catastrophic events. Seismic stratigraphy: advent of seismic data, use of reflector terminations, use of seismic stratigraphy in basin analysis, sequence stratigraphy and systems tracts, sea level charts. Biostratigraphy: microfossils in biostratigraphy, macrofossils in biostratigraphy, biostratrigraphy in industry. Glossary. Further reading\/ Websites\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Liverpool University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51360111165783,"sku":"9781780460222","price":24.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781780460222.jpg?v=1754126701"},{"product_id":"the-poets-tale-chaucer-and-the-year-that-made-the-canterbury-tales-9781781250600","title":"The Poet's Tale: Chaucer and the year that made","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs the year 1386 began, Geoffrey Chaucer was a middle-aged bureaucrat and sometime poet, living in London and enjoying the perks that came with his close connections to its booming wool trade. When it ended, he was jobless, homeless, out of favour with his friends and living in exile.   Such a reversal might have spelled the end of his career; but instead, at the loneliest time of his life, Chaucer made the revolutionary decision to 'maken vertu of necessitee' and keep writing. The result - The Canterbury Tales - was a radically new form of poetry that would make his reputation, bring him to a national audience, and preserve his work for posterity.  In The Poet's Tale, Paul Strohm brings Chaucer's world to vivid life, from the streets and taverns of crowded medieval London to rural seclusion in Kent, and reveals this crucial year as a turning point in the fortunes of England's most important poet.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStrohm illuminates how 1386 marked a decisive year for Geoffrey Chaucer, one in which he went from accomplished coterie poet to the popular author of the work of genius: The Canterbury Tales. Strohm, one of the finest medievalists of our time, brings this turbulent moment in Chaucer's England to life. -- James Shapiro\u003cbr\u003eIn this thrilling book, Paul Strohm lets us in on little-known secrets of living life in London in the fourteenth Century ... an imaginative recreation of everything you ever wanted to know about Chaucer. -- Terry Jones\u003cbr\u003eSimply a brilliant book, a superb combination of biography, social history and literary scholarship.  It is a new model for literary biography, and I cannot recommend it highly enough -- Ian Mortimer\u003cbr\u003eStrohm's book reignited my love for Chaucer, and is sure to do so for readers who've read him before and who've never read him at all. -- Stuart Kelly * The Scotsman *\u003cbr\u003ePaul Strohm has written a brilliant book. -- John Carey * Sunday Times *\u003cbr\u003eThe rewards are plenty. -- Toby Lichtig * Daily Telegraph *\u003cbr\u003eThe best of Paul Strohm's constantly involving, frequently funny and sometimes moving little book is that, just now and again, it feels like you can catch his [Chaucer's] eye. -- Sam Leith * The Spectator *\u003cbr\u003ePaul Strohm's superb biography of a year in Chaucer's life... The Poet's Tale shows the biographer as avid scholarly detective... one of the joys of The Poet's Tale is Strohm's imaginative reconstruction of Chaucer's London\/ -- Stevie Davies * The Independent *\u003cbr\u003eStrohm has produced what is certainly the most enlightening book about Chaucer that a general reader is likely to encounter: a wonderfully readable, unexpectedly thrilling story, illuminating the parts of Chaucer's life that seemed irrevocably dark, -- Nicola Shulman * Evening Standard *\u003cbr\u003eStrohm evokes Chaucer's world with scholarly rigour and in vivid detail, drawing parallels between the life and the literature. -- Orlando Bird * Financial Times *\u003cbr\u003eThe greatest praise that can be offered is that it makes one want to revisit The Canterbury Tales. -- Alexander Larman * The Observer *\u003cbr\u003eThis is an extremely good book. * The Economist *\u003cbr\u003eWonderfully readable... The Poet's Tale eloquently speaks of Strohm's immersion in both the sensibility of Chaucer's poetry and the London archives. -- Anthony Bale * BBC History Magazine *","brand":"Profile Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51456159842647,"sku":"9781781250600","price":12.83,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781781250600.jpg?v=1755034033"},{"product_id":"benthic-foraminiferal-biostratigraphy-of-the-south-caribbean-region-9780521022538","title":"Benthic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the South Caribbean Region","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBenthic foraminifera from the classic southern Caribbean region are presented in this book, to provide valuable information on ranges for biostratigraphers working in the region and beyond. Around 1000 of the more important species are assembled - from the Barremian (early Cretaceous) to the middle Miocene, approximately 120 to 10 million years before the present. The deeper water benthic species are tied in to the zonal scheme used in Plankton Stratigraphy, published by Cambridge University Press in 1985. The taxa have been brought up to date generically, and in many cases new comparisons between species have been made - the late Cretaceous and early Paleogene are particularly detailed. This information, together with detailed illustrations, will enable the taxa to be used stratigraphically.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e' … beautifully produced, scholarly work … This handsome volume has been a pleasure to review. No institution with interests in benthic foraminifera can afford to be without this book and specialists in the group will feel deprived without it.' 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It is expected that the final results of the project will be published as four reference volumes, of which this is the first.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eList of contributors; Preface; Acknowledgements; Proterozoic and Cambrian phosphorites; 1. An introduction P. J. Cook and J. H. Shergold; 2. Regional review: world resources A. J. G. Notholt and R. P. Sheldon; 3. Regional review: Australia P. F. Howard; 4. Regional review: China Li Yueyan; 5. Regional review: Asian part of USSR and Mongolian People's Republic A. L. Yanshin; 6. Regional review: Indian subcontinent C. M. Banerjee; 7. Regional review: Europe A. J. G. Notholt and M. D. Brasier; 8. Regional review: North America R. L. Christie and R. P. Sheldon; 9. Regional review: West Africa M. Slansky; 10. Regional review: Brazil M. A. Dardenne, R. Trompette, L. F. Magalhaes and L. A. Soares; 11. Deposits: Lady Annie, Queensland, Australia P. J. Cook and S. A. Elgueta; 12. Deposits: Kunyang, Ynnan, China Yeh Lientsun, Sun Shu, Chen Qiying and Guo Shizeng; 13. Deposits: Lao Cai, Vietnam Tran Quoc An and Nguyen Dang Khoa; 14. Deposits: Khubsugul, Mongolian People's Republic A. V. Ilyin, N. S. Zaitsev and Z. Bjamba; 15. Deposits: Karatau, southern Zazakhstan, USSR E. A. Eganov, Yu. K. Sovetov and A. L. Yanshin; 16. Deposits: Hazara, Pakistan Mirza Talib Hasan; 17. Deposits: Jhamarkotra, Rajasthan, India R. Choudhuri and A. B. Roy; 18. Deposits: Fontanarejo, Spain E. Perconig, F. Vazquez, F. Velando and F. Leyva; 19. Deposits: Volta Basin, West Africa J. Lucas, Av. Ilyin and A. Kühn; 20. Specialist studies: chemical and mineral characteristics of some Cambrian and Precambrian phosphorites G. H. McClellan and F. N. Saavedra; 21. Specialist studies: geochemistry of organic matter in Middle Cambrian phosphorites from the Georgina Basin, north-eastern Australia M. W. Sandstrom; 22. Specialist studies: Early Cambrian palaeogeography, palaeoceanography and phosphorites J. T. Parrish, A. M. Ziegler, C. R. Scotese, R. G. Humphreville and J. K. Kirschvink; 23. Specialist studies: biochronology of  Proterozoic and Cambrian phosphorites J. H. Shergold and M. D. Brasier; 24. Specialist studies: Middle Cambrian phosphatic hardgrounds, phoscrete profiles and stromatolites, and their implications for phosphogenesis P. N. Southgate; 25. Specialist studies: phosphogenesis and its relationship to exploration for Proterozoic and Cambrian phosphorites S. R. Riggs; 26. Nature and origin P. J. Cook and J. H. Shergold; Conclusions; References.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51767697310039,"sku":"9780521619219","price":111.15,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"climate-and-time-in-their-geological-relations-9781015462687","title":"Climate and Time in Their Geological Relations","description":"","brand":"LEGARE STREET PR","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52084275806551,"sku":"9781015462687","price":24.65,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"the-old-red-sandstone-9781015727939","title":"The Old Red Sandstone","description":"","brand":"LEGARE STREET PR","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52084305920343,"sku":"9781015727939","price":25.6,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"layers-of-the-earth-a-study-of-earths-structure-introduction-to-geology-interactive-science-grade-8-childrens-earth-sciences-books-9781541949638","title":"Layers of the Earth A Study of 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