{"title":"Nanotechnology Books","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"mobile-microrobotics-9780262036436","title":"Mobile Microrobotics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"MIT Press Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733446799703,"sku":"9780262036436","price":58.9,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780262036436.jpg?v=1720000114"},{"product_id":"principles-of-nanooptics-9781107005464","title":"Principles of NanoOptics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNow in its second edition, this book has been thoroughly updated to provide a current overview of the theoretical and experimental concepts needed to understand and work in nano-optics. This is an invaluable reference for graduate students entering the field, as well as for researchers and course teachers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'The reader will appreciate its scope and depth, as it covers topics ranging from resolution and microscopy to metamaterials and optical antennas. This book provides an integrated approach to the entire field, and the format breaks the material into accessible sub-units. The physical and mathematical rigor is high, and approximations and limitations of the theory and the experimental devices are clearly stated. The material is highly recommended for a graduate course.' Barry R. Masters, Optics and Photonics News\u003cbr\u003e'This text responds to the growing importance of nanoscience, and presents a rare collection of topics across optics and microscopy at the nanoscale. A major goal of nano-optics is to extend the use of optical techniques to length scales beyond the diffraction limit. Notably, the book features a valuable discussion of resolution, localization and position accuracy in microscopy. A non-exhaustive list of subjects covered in later chapters includes near- and far-field microscopy techniques, quantum emitters and surface plasmons in nanostructures.' Lukas Novotny and Bert Hecht, 'All-Time Favourites', Nature Photonics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Theoretical foundations; 3. Propagation and focusing of optical fields; 4. Resolution and localization; 5. Nanoscale optical microscopy; 6. Near-field optical probes; 7. Probe-sample distance control; 8. Optical interactions; 9. Quantum emitters; 10. Dipole emission near planar interfaces; 11. Photonic crystals, resonators, and cavity optomechanics; 12. Surface plasmons; 13. Optical antennas; 14. Forces in confined fields; 15. Fluctuation-induced interactions; 16. Theoretical methods in nano-optics; Appendices; Index.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738233745751,"sku":"9781107005464","price":72.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781107005464.jpg?v=1723811843"},{"product_id":"xrays-and-extreme-ultraviolet-radiation-9781107062894","title":"XRays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith this fully updated second edition, readers will gain a detailed understanding of the physics and applications of modern X-ray and EUV radiation sources. Taking into account the most recent improvements in capabilities, coverage is expanded to include new chapters on free electron lasers (FELs), laser high harmonic generation (HHG), X-ray and EUV optics, and nanoscale imaging; a completely revised chapter on spatial and temporal coherence; and extensive discussion of the generation and applications of femtosecond and attosecond techniques. Readers will be guided step by step through the mathematics of each topic, with over 300 figures, 50 reference tables and 600 equations enabling easy understanding of key concepts. Homework problems, a solutions manual for instructors, and links to YouTube lectures accompany the book online. This is the ''go-to'' guide for graduate students, researchers and industry practitioners interested in X-ray and EUV interaction with matter.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'A very clear, comprehensive and updated presentation of the basic physical properties and applications of XUV and X-ray radiation. I highly recommend the book for graduate students and anyone working in this fast growing field of research.' Claudio Pellegrini, University of California, Los Angeles, SLAC\u003cbr\u003e'… an exhaustive introduction … a 'must have' on the shelf of every student in experimental condensed matter physics and, more in general, of any scientist committed to synchrotron and free electron laser radiation experiments.' Erik Vesselli, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction; 2. Radiation and scattering at EUV and X-ray wavelengths; 3. Wave propagation and refractive index at X-ray and EUV wavelengths; 4. Coherence at short wavelengths; 5. Synchrotron radiation; 6. X-ray and EUV free electron lasers; 7. Laser high harmonic generation; 8. Physics of hot dense plasmas; 9. Extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray lasers; 10. X-ray and extreme ultraviolet optics; 11. X-ray and EUV imaging.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738237677911,"sku":"9781107062894","price":62.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781107062894.jpg?v=1723811848"},{"product_id":"bionanotechnology-9781108452908","title":"Bionanotechnology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConnecting theory with real-life applications, this is the first ever textbook to equip students with a comprehensive knowledge of all the key concepts in bionanotechnology. By bridging the interdisciplinary gap from which bionanotechnology emerged, it provides a systematic introduction to the subject, accessible to students from a wide variety of backgrounds. Topics range from nanomaterial preparation, properties and biofunctionalisation, and analytical methods used in bionanotechnology, to bioinspired and DNA nanotechnology, and applications in biosensing, medicine and tissue engineering. Throughout the book, features such as ''Back to basics'' and ''Research report'' boxes enable students to build a strong theoretical knowledge and to link this to practical applications and up-to-date research. With over 200 detailed, full-colour illustrations and more than 100 end-of-chapter problems, this is an essential guide to bionanotechnology for any student studying this exciting, fast-devel\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'An excellent textbook for the interdisciplinary field of bionanotechnology. It is comprehensive and accessible to students from a wide variety of scientific backgrounds. The 'Back to Basics' boxes build a common knowledge base, while the 'Research Reports' boxes connect the fundamentals to current research.' Professor George Malliaras, University of Cambridge\u003cbr\u003e'Fruk and Krebs provide a well-written and readily accessible text on the emerging topic of Bionanotechnology, elegantly show-casing its trans-disciplinary nature and application impacts. The book's vibrant composition integrating worked examples and solutions fused with highlight applications in the form of research reports, makes it equally attractive for experienced researchers as well as newcomers to the field, including undergraduate students. The key concept sections only increase the well-rounded nature of the book, which is perhaps the most current up-date summary on the market. Mandatory reading - highly recommended.' Professor Christopher  Barner-Kowollik, Queensland University of Technology\u003cbr\u003e'A really innovative feature of this textbook for advanced undergraduates or graduate students is the inclusion of numerous 'Research Reports' - synopses of recent research publications that quickly introduce both the potential of and the chemical underpinnings enabling the bionanotechnologies surveyed. The breadth of topics and principles covered, including the many 'Back to Basics' mini-introductions will make this a popular textbook for classes covering bionanotechnology in different departments, from chemistry and chemical engineering to materials science, physics, bioengineering and biomedical engineering.' Dr Aaron Lau, University of Strathclyde\u003cbr\u003e'When any new discipline surfaces, a new textbook is sure to appear, and this work addresses just such a void … This work, which brings several disciplines together, has much to offer as a teaching tool, and the effort is to be applauded. Though far from recreational reading, the volume offers an overview of the present state and future directions in applied nanobiology that is sure to be useful in the curriculum. A secondary use is as a reference work, and this is indeed a good one … Highly recommended.' F. W. Yow, Choice Connect\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface; 1. Introduction to bionanotechnology; 2. Nanomaterials: principles and properties; 3. Nanomaterials: classes and preparation strategies; 4. Biomolecules and scales of biological systems; 5. (Bio)functionalisation of nanomaterials; 6. Analytical methods in bionanotechnology; 7. DNA nanotechnology; 8. Bioinspired nanotechnology; 9. Nanomedicine: biotechnology in medicine; Index.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738296004951,"sku":"9781108452908","price":57.13,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"nanovaccinology-as-targeted-therapeutics-9781119857341","title":"Nanovaccinology as Targeted Therapeutics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNANOVACCINOLOGY AS TARGETED THERAPEUTICS  The book presents the early-stage development of nanovaccines that could well be the new generation of vaccines which have a great potential for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Nanovaccinology as Targeted Therapeutics explores recent breakthroughs in the exciting new field of micro- and nanofabricated engineered nanomaterials. In addition to spectroscopic characterizations, significant topics for interdisciplinary research, especially in the fields of nanogels, which deal with polymer chemistry, nanotechnology, materials science, pharmaceuticals, and medicine are explored, where their small dimensions prove highly advantageous. Nanovaccinology could potentially revolutionize conventional therapy and diagnostic methods due to its superior effectiveness over its macro-sized counterparts in almost all biomedical areas. Strong interest in this novel class of material has driven many studies to discover biogenic production methods and\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Nanotechnology in Vaccine Development and Constraints 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eTahmina Foyez and Abu Bin Imran\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Nanoparticles, an Alternative Approach to Conventional Vaccines 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Nanoparticles as Vaccine Delivery Vehicle 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Nanotechnology to Tackle the Challenges of Vaccine Delivery 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Polymeric Nanoparticles 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Inorganic Nanoparticles 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Biomolecular Nanoparticles 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Liposome 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Virus-Like Particles 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.6 Micelles 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.7 Immunostimulating Complexes 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.8 Self-Assembled Proteins (SAPNs) 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.9 Emulsions 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Constraints and Challenges of Nanovaccines 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Concluding Remarks 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Nanomedicine and Nanovaccinology Tools in Targeted Drug Delivery 21\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBogala Mallikharjuna Reddy\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Tools 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Inorganic Nanoparticles 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Polymeric Nanoparticles 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Dendrimers 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Liposomes 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Micelles 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 Emulsions 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.7 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.8 Self-Assembled Proteins 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.9 Immunostimulating Complexes 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.10 Virus-Like Particles 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Targeted Drug Delivery Applications 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Cancer 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Neurology 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Cardiology 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Ophthalmology 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Pulmonology 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.6 Tissue Engineering 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.7 Viral Infections 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.8 Other Miscellaneous Types 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Commercial Nanodelivery Tools 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Industrial Manufacturing 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Risks and Challenges 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Nanovaccinology and Superbugs 53\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSandhya Kalathilparambil Santhosh, Kaviya Parampath Kootery, Mridul Umesh, Preethi Mariam Alex, Meghna Mani, Adina Roy and Suma Sarojini\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Need for Nanovaccines 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Types of Nanovaccines 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Subunit Vaccines 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Conjugate Vaccines 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 RNA Vaccines 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Reverse Vaccinology 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Biomimetic Nanovaccines 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5.1 Biomimetic Membranes 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5.2 Outer Membrane Vesicle Nanoparticles 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.6 Nanotoxoids 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.7 Liposomes 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.8 Polymeric Nanoparticles 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.9 Virus-Like Particle 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.10 Inorganic Nanoparticles 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Mechanism of Action of Nanovaccines 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Limitations of Nanovaccines 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Conclusion 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Current Research Trends on SARS-CoV2 Virus Against Nanovaccine Formulation 77\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePushpalatha C., Chhaya Kumar, Sowmya S.V., Dominic Augustine, Elizabeth Abbu Varghese and Jithya Suresh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 COVID-19\/SARS-CoV2 Pathophysiology 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Development of Nanovaccines Against SARS-CoV 2 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Biomimetic Nanovaccines Against SARS-CoV 2 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Virus-Like Particles 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Nucleic Acids Vaccines 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Protein Vaccines 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Translatable Subunit Nanovaccine Against SARS-CoV 2 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Separable Microneedle Patch Nanovaccine 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Polymer-Based Nanovaccines 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Pharmaceutical Challenges of SARS-CoV2 Nanovaccines 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Future Prospects of SARS-CoV2 Nanovaccines 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Challenges and Limitations 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Conclusion and Outlook 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Nanovaccinology Against Infectious Disease 95\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eS. Chakroborty and P. Panda\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Nanovaccinology Against Bacterial Disease 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Nanovaccinology Against Viral Disease 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Nanovaccinology Against Cancer 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Nanovaccinology Against Parasite-Born Disease 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Nanovaccinology Against Autoimmune Disorders 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Conclusion and Outlook 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Preclinical and Commercial Trials of Cancer Diagnosis via Nano-Imaging and Nanovaccinology 115\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSowmya S.V., Pushpalatha C., Dominic Augustine, Sibikar P., Bharkhavy K.V. and Elizabeth Abbu Varghese\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Role of Nano-Imaging in Cancer Diagnosis, Progression, and Treatment 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Gold Nanoparticles 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Quantum Dots 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Carbon Nanotubes 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Nanowires 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Cantilevers and Nanopores 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.6 Other Types of Nanoparticles 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Challenges in the Translation of Nanotechnology-Based Imaging Methods Into Clinical Application 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Composition of Nanovaccines in Cancer Therapy 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.1 Antigens 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.2 Immunostimulatory Adjuvants 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.3 Nanocarriers 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Functionalities of Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Cancer Vaccines 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Efficient Delivery of Vaccines by Nanocarriers 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Co-Delivery of Antigens and Adjuvants via Nanocarriers 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Nanocarriers Potentiate Immunomodulation Through Multivalent Antigens and\/or Adjuvants 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Self-Adjuvanted Nanocarriers 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Nanovaccine Strategies in Cancer 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 STING Agonist-Based Nanovaccines 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Neoantigen Nanovaccines 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 mRNA-Based Nanovaccines 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4 aAPCs 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.5 Nanovaccines for Combination Therapy 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Preclinical and Clinical Trials of Applications of Nanoimaging and Nanovaccinology in Cancer 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Recent Developments in the Trials of Nanovaccinology in Cancer 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Perspectives and Future Directions 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Conclusions 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Biomedical and Electronic Tune-Ups of 2C4NA Nanocrystalline Sample 131\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMaalmarugan J., Egbert Selwin Rose A., Anbarasan P., Poorani R., Aarthi N., Ganesan H., Senthil Kannan K. and Flora G.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Computational, Tribological, Fluorescence, and Influx Study 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Antidiabetic (AD) Study, Anticancer Study, and Anti-Inflammatory Study 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Conclusion 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Biological, Electronic-Filter, Influx and Theoretical Practicalities of 2-Chloro-6-Nitroaniline (2C6NA) Crystals for Biomedical and Microelectronics Tasks 145\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMaria Sumathi B., Maalmarugan J., Ganesan H., Saravanan P., Patel R.P., Sheeba M., Flora G. and Senthil Kannan K.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Computational and Influx 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antidiabetic, DPPH, FRAP, Anticancer 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Conclusion 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Antidiabetic, Anti-Oxidant, Computational, Filter, and Tribological Characterizations of Bis Glycine Lithium Bromide Monohydrate Nano (32 nm) Scaled Crystals 157\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDayana Lobo F., Senthil Kannan K., Mathivanan V., Jacintha Tamil Malar A., Christy S., Flora G., Ganesan H. and Maalmarugan J.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Experimental 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Synthesis 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Results and Discussions 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Single Crystalline XRD (SXRD) Study and Powder XRD (PXRD) Studies 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Fluorescence (FL) Study for 32-nm Scale 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Antidiabetic (AD) Study and Influx Study 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 AO-DPPH, FRAP of Antioxidant Activity 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.5 Tribology—Load Capacity by the Compressive Strength Model of the Polymeric Bearings, Software-Based Thermal Ellipsoidal Plot 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Conclusion 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Device Utility, Energy, and Bioutility of N2MNM4MBH Macro, Nano Models 169\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePauline Jenifer S., Flora G., Zozimus Divya Lobo C., Charles A., Senthil Kannan K., Anbuvel D., Prajith V. and Jemma Hermelin Jesy Diaz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Synthesis and XRD 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Influx 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Computational 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Antidiabetic Study 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Conclusion 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Biocurative, Tribological, Electro-Functionalities of ZnO-MIZN Nanoparticles 183\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSenthil Kannan K., Prabhjeet Kaur Dhillon, Jemma Hermelin Jesy Diaz, Padmavathi P., Flora G., Irudhya Sahaya Lancy S., Jeeva Rani Thangam G. and Sheeba M.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Antibacterial Activity 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 XRD and Magnetic Effect 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Tribological Data for Nano Sample Coatings of ZnO-MIZN 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Filter Utility 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Conclusion 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Nanotubular Device Effect, Super Cell Effectiveness, Hirshfeld Energy Analysis and Biomedicinal Efficacy of 2-Fluoro-5-Nitro-Aniline (2F5NA) Crystals 195\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFlora G., Munikumari A., Sheeba M., Jemma Hermelin Jesy Diaz, Senthil Kannan K., Ponrathy T., Muthu Sheeba M. and Joshua Steve Abishek B.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 XRD and Computational 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Bioutility 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Antibacterial of 2F5NA Crystals 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Conclusion 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Nano, Peptide Link, Pharma Impact and Electron Density of AMPHB Macro, Nano Crystalline Samples 213\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSenthil Kannan K., Dayana Lobo F., Gayathri A., Prathebha K., Jacintha Tamil Malar A., Maria Sumathi B., Flora G. and Egbert Selwin Rose A.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Characterizations 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 XRD and Computational Impactness 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Antidiabetic (AD), Anti-Inflammatory (AI), and Anti-Fungal (AF) Effect of AMPHB Macro and Nano Crystals 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Conclusion 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Super Lattice, Computational Interactions and Bio-Uses of CPDMDP Crystals 227\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFlora G., Christy S., Shobana V., Divya R., Jemma Hermelin Jesy Diaz, Pauline Jenifer S., Senthil Kannan K. and Jacintha Tamil Malar A.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Computational 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Synthesis 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Xrd 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Influx of CPDMDP of Both Scales 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Antidiabetic Activity of Macro, Nano CPDMDP Crystals 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Antioxidant Activity 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Conclusion 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Biological Effect Nanotubular, Vanderwall’s Impact, of 4-Methyl-2-Nitroaniline (4M2NA) Nanocrystals 243\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSenthil Kannan K., Pauline Jenifer S., Divya R., Raju K., Gayathri A., Jemma Hermelin Jesy Diaz, Maria Sumathi B. and Flora G.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 XRD and Computational Data 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Biological Activity: Antidiabetic (AD), Anti-Inflammatory (AI), and Antifungal (AF) Effect 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Conclusion, Outlook, and Future Aspects 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Biomedical, Tribological, and Electronic Functionalities of Silver Nanoparticles 257\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFlora G., Ganesan H., Maalmarugan J., Egbert Selwin Rose A., Dayana Lobo F., Divya R., Senthil Kannan K. and Sheeba M.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Tribological Data 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Influx 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 HeLa Cell Line, Bacterial and Fungal Utility 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Conclusion 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Commercialization of Nanovaccines: Utopia or a Reality? 267\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAmjad Islam Aqib, Tean Zaheer, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Arslan and Khazeena Atta\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Development of Nanovaccines 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Novel Adjuvants and Delivery System for Nanovaccines 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Success Story 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Nanovaccines in Human Health 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Nanovaccines in Animal Health 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Constraints in the Development and Application 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.8 Issues Related to Product Application 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.9 Characteristics of Nanoparticles Applicable to Public Health 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.10 Conclusion 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Functionalization of Nanobiomaterials in Nanovaccinology 283\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJyothy G. Vijayan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Characteristics of Functionalized Bionanoparticles 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Functionalization of NPs 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1 Functionalization With Different Ligands 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2 Polymer Functionalized NPs 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Nanomaterials for Vaccine Synthesis 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.1 Gold NPS 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.2 Silica NPs 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.3 Calcium NPs 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.4 Polymeric NPs 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.5 Inorganic Magnetic NPs 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.6 Chitosan NPs 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.7 Liposomal NPs 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Role of the Surface of NPs on Vaccine Development 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Nanovaccines: Routes of Administration 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.1 Intradermal Routes 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.2 Intramuscular Routes 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.3 Subcutaneous Routes 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.4 Oral Routes 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.5 Nasal Routes 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.6 Tropical Routes 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.7 Ocular Routes 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Nanovaccines for Different Applications 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7.1 Nanovaccines Against Bacteria 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7.2 Nanovaccines Against Pathogens 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7.3 Nanovaccines Against Viruses 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7.4 Nanovaccines Against Parasites 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7.5 Nanovaccines Against Cancer 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Emulsions 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9 Nanogels 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.10 Virus-Like Particles (VLP) 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.11 Applications of Novel Nanovaccines 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.12 Applications of Functionalized Nanovaccines 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.12.1 For Cancer Therapy 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.12.2 Against Different Infectious Diseases 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.13 Pros and Cons of Using Vaccines 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.13.1 Toxicity of NPs 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.14 Future Aspects 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.15 Conclusions 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Oral Nanovaccines Delivery for Clinical Trials and Commercialization 301\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDominic Augustine, Pushpalatha C., Sowmya S.V., Chhaya Kumar, Elizabeth AbbuVarghese and Gayathri V.S.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Barriers to Oral Vaccines 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Evolution of Oral Nanovaccines 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Oral Delivery of Nanovaccines 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Immune Response to Oral Nanovaccines 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Oral Nanovaccines Carriers 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.1 Natural Nanovaccine Carriers 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.2 Synthetic Nanovaccine Carriers 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Formulation Strategies and Characterization of Oral Nanovaccines 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8 Regulations and Challenges for Oral Nanovaccines Delivery 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9 Future Perspectives 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.10 Conclusion 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 319\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738371633495,"sku":"9781119857341","price":136.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119857341.jpg?v=1723811989"},{"product_id":"crc-concise-encyclopedia-of-nanotechnology-9781466580343","title":"CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cb\u003eCRC\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e\u003cb\u003eConcise Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology \u003c\/b\u003esets the standard against which all other references of this nature are measured. As such, it is a major resource for both skilled professionals and novices to nanotechnology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book examines the design, application, and utilization of devices, techniques, and technologies critical to research at the atomic, molecular, and macromolecular levels ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMore than three dozen specific topics are examined, including\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003enanomaterials, nanocatalysts, nanoceramics, nanocrystals, carbon nanotubes, drug delivery, nanopolymers, nanoparticles, nanocoatings, and nanomedicine. The material is presented in a concise manner and has been updated to reflect the latest applications and research findings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEntries are organized alphabetically, making information easy to find. While coverage is comprehensive, each topic is presented concisely with a wealth of illustrative mate\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAntimicrobial Activity: Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanomaterials. Aquatic Species: Interaction of Nanoparticles with Aquatic Species. Arc Discharge: Arc Discharge Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Device Application. Battery: Nanobattery by Atom Trapping and Bottom-Up Technique. Biomimetics: Biomimetics in Nanotechnology. Bone Repair: Nanohydroxyapatite as a Bone Repair Material. Boron Nanostructures: All-Boron Nanostructures. Boron Nanostructures: Boron Nitride Nanostructures. Catalysis: Nanocatalyst—Preparation, Characterization, and Their Application in Oil and Gas Processes. Catalysis: Nanoparticles and Catalysis. Catalysis: Molybdenum-Based Hybrid Nanocatalysts. Ceramics: Nanoceramics. Crystals: Structure and Microstructure of Nanocrystals Using the Debye Function Analysis. Defects: Defects in Carbon Nanotubes. Dendrimers: Dendrimers-DNA Nanoplexes. Dielectrics: Optics of Dielectric Nanoobjects and Nanosystems. Drug Delivery: LyoCell® Technology—A Lipidic Drug Delivery System Based on Reverse Cubic and Hexagonal Phase Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles. Encapsulation: Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes for Doxorubicin Encapsulation. Nanopolymers for Enzyme Immobilization Applications. Filtration: Frontiers of the Engineering and Science of Nanofiltration—A Far-Reaching Review. Fullerenes: Donor-Acceptor Fullerene Complexes Based on Metal Porphyrins. Glass: Nanoglass. Graphene: Three-Dimensional Graphene—A Prospective Architecture for High-Performance Supercapacitors. Graphene: Nonreciprocity in Magnetically Biased Graphene at Microwave and Terahertz Frequencies. Graphene Oxide: Grafting Biomolecules onto Graphene Oxide Sheets. Greener Synthesis: Greener Aspects in the Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Health Care: Nanomaterial Applications in Health-Care Diagnostics. Hybrid Nanomaterials: Organic-Inorganic Hybrid and Biohybrid Nanomaterials. Hydrophylic Nanoparticles: Hydrophilic Polymer\/Silica Hybrid Nanoparticles—An Overview of a Novel Synthesis Strategy and Its Application in the Proton Exchange Membrane. Ignition: Ignition and Explosion Risks of Nanopowders. Impedance Spectroscopy: Impedance Spectroscopy of Nanomaterials. Iron Oxide: Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Kelvin Probe: Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy as a Tool for the Characterization of Nanomaterials. Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies: Recent Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for Biomolecule Analysis. Laser Ablation: Laser Ablation Synthesis in Solution-Based Production and Biofunctionalization of Nanostructures. Lithography: Nanofabrication with Nanosphere Lithography. Medical Applications: Potential Applications and Implications of Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine. Melanoma Prevention: Challenges and Progresses in Nanotechnology for Melanoma Prevention and Treatment. Membranes: Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes for Wastewater Purification. Metal Nanoparticles: Metallic Nanoparticles Used in Soil Remediation Procedures. Metal Nanostructures: Size Effect on the Impact Responses of Metal Nanostructures. Metal Oxides: Macromolecular Complexes MXn Polymer as a Solid-State Precursor of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanostructures. Metal Oxides: Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Gas Sensing Applications. Micelles: Micellar Nanoparticles. Micelles: Reverse Micelles—Designer Nanoparticles for Investigative Catalysis. Microwaves: Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanoparticles. Nanoadsorbents: Nanoadsorbents for Water Protection. Nanocarriers as Nanomedicine: A Promising Platform for Drug Delivery in Nanopharmaceuticals. Nanocoatings: Nanomaterials and Nanostructures Coatings Fabrication Using Detonation and Plasma Detonation Techniques. Nanocoatings: Technology of Fabrication of Nanostructure (Nanocomposite) Coatings with High Physical and Mechanical Properties Using C-PVD. Nanocomposites: Thermal Analysis and Functional Statistics on Nanocomposite Characterization. Nanodelivery Vehicles: Milk Proteins as Nanodelivery Vehicles for Nutraceuticals and Drugs. Nanofactories: Microbes as Nanofactories. Nanodiamond: Growth and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Diamond Films on Different Substrates. Nanoemulsions: Biobased Oil Nanoemulsion Preparation, Characterization, and Application. Nanoemulsion-Based Systems for Food Applications. Nanofluids: Basic Principles and Modern Aspects. Nanofluids: Fractal Analysis of Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids. Nanofluids: Potential Future Coolants. Nanoindentation. Nanomedicine: Small Steps, Big Effects. Nanoonions: Carbon Nanoonions. Nanorobots: Engineering Nanorobots—Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. Nanosuspension: An Emerging and Promising Approach to Drug Delivery for the Enhancement of the Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs. Nanothermometers: Luminescent Nanothermometers for Biological Applications. Nanotoxicology: Toxicology of Nanomaterials—The Dawn of Nanotoxicology. Nanotribology: Green Nanotribology and Related Sustainability Aspects. Nanowires: Nanowires for Very-Low-Power Integrated Circuits and New Functionalities. Oxide Nanoparticles: Functionalization and Applications of Oxide Nanoparticles. Plasmonics: Faster than Electronics and Smaller than Photonics. Polyaniline: Polyaniline Nanofibers and Nanotubes—Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Their Properties. Polymers: Electrochemical Formation of Nanostructured Conducting Polymers. Polymers: Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles. Polymers: UV-Cured Polymer Nanocomposites. Radiation Synthesis: Radiation Methods of Nanomaterials Production. Semiconductor Nanomaterials: Photo Catalytic Characteristics of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Nanomaterials. Silver Nanoparticles: Potential Hazards of Silver Nanoparticles to the Environment and Human Health. Spinels: Synthesis and Properties of Magnetic Spinel AB2O4 Phases. Superlattices: Superlattice Structure of Low-Dimensional Carbon Systems. Superlattices: Design of InAs\/GaSb Superlattices for Optoelectronic Applications—Basic Theory and Numerical Methods. Supramolecular Architectures: Supramolecular Architectures from Self-Assembled Copolymers. Thermal Conductivity: Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids in Stationary and Dynamic Systems. Titanium Dioxide: Nanosized TiO2—Synthesis and Application. Water Remediation: Water Remediation Using Nano-Zerovalent Metals. Water Splitting: Layered Manganese Oxides as Water-Oxidizing Catalysts for Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting—An Aid to Environmental Protection. Wire Explosion: Spherical Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles by the Electrical Explosion of Wire—Synthesis and Application. Zinc Oxide: Photoluminescence Properties of Pure and Doped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures. Zinc Oxide: Recent Trends in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nano-colloids.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48739352805719,"sku":"9781466580343","price":270.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781466580343.jpg?v=1720051993"},{"product_id":"electromagnetic-and-photonic-simulation-for-the-beginner-finite-difference-frequency-domain-in-matlab-r-9781630819262","title":"Electromagnetic and Photonic Simulation for the","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book teaches the finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method from the simplest concepts to advanced three-dimensional simulations. It uses plain language and high-quality graphics to help the complete beginner grasp all the concepts quickly and visually. This single resource includes everything needed to simulate a wide variety of different electromagnetic and photonic devices. The book is filled with helpful guidance and computational wisdom that will help the reader easily simulate their own devices and more easily learn and implement other methods in computational electromagnetics.     Special techniques in MATLAB (R) are presented that will allow the reader to write their own FDFD programs. Key concepts in electromagnetics are reviewed so the reader can fully understand the calculations happening in FDFD. A powerful method for implementing the finite-difference method is taught that will enable the reader to solve entirely new differential equations and sets of differential equations in mere minutes. Separate chapters are included that describe how Maxwell's equations are approximated using finite-differences and how outgoing waves can be absorbed using a perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary. With this background, a chapter describes how to calculate guided modes in waveguides and transmission lines. The effective index method is taught as way to model many three-dimensional devices in just two-dimensions. Another chapter describes how to calculate photonic band diagrams and isofrequency contours to quickly estimate the properties of periodic structures like photonic crystals. Next, a chapter presents how to analyze diffraction gratings and calculate the power coupled into each diffraction order. This book shows that many devices can be simulated in the context of a diffraction grating including guided-mode resonance filters, photonic crystals, polarizers, metamaterials, frequency selective surfaces, and metasurfaces. Plane wave sources, Gaussian beam sources, and guided-mode sources are all described in detail, allowing devices to be simulated in multiple ways. An optical integrated circuit is simulated using the effective index method to build a two-dimensional model of the 3D device and then launch a guided-mode source into the circuit. A chapter is included to describe how the code can be modified to easily perform parameter sweeps, such as plotting reflection and transmission as a function of frequency, wavelength, angle of incidence, or a dimension of the device. The last chapter is advanced and teaches FDFD for three-dimensional devices composed of anisotropic materials. It includes simulations of a crossed grating, a doubly-periodic guided-mode resonance filter, a frequency selective surface, and an invisibility cloak. The chapter also includes a parameter retrieval from a left-handed metamaterial.     The book includes all the MATLAB codes and detailed explanations of all programs. This will allow the reader to easily modify the codes to simulate their own ideas and devices. The author has created a website where the MATLAB codes can be downloaded, errata can be seen, and other learning resources can be accessed. This is an ideal book for both an undergraduate elective course as well as a graduate course in computational electromagnetics because it covers the background material so well and includes examples of many different types of devices that will be of interest to a very wide audience.     Visit https:\/\/empossible.net\/fdfdbook\/ to access the book website.  Visit https:\/\/raymondrumpf.com\/ for Raymond C. Rumpf's personal webpage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMATLAB Preliminaries; Electromagnetic Preliminaries; The Finite-Difference Method; Finite-Difference Approximation of Maxwell's Equations; The Perfectly Matched Layer Absorbing Boundary; FDFD for Calculating Guided Modes; FDFD for Calculating Photonic Bands; FDFD for Scattering Analysis; Parameter Sweeps with FDFD; FDFD Analysis of Three-Dimensional and Anisotropic Devices; Appendixes.","brand":"Artech House Publishers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48740698751319,"sku":"9781630819262","price":126.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"size-really-does-matter-the-nanotechnology-revolution-9781786347978","title":"Size Really Does Matter: The Nanotechnology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'The text is lightly written but, underneath the entertaining gloss of anecdote and personal detail, this is actually an intensely serious and carefully constructed book, aimed at informing the educated public about science in general and nanotechnology in particular. It is attractively produced, with innumerable well-captioned coloured images … To my mind, Colm Durkan has succeeded in combining the accessible style of the best science journalists with the authority and vision that come from being a successful scientist and an expert in his field.'Contemporary PhysicsNanotechnology is a buzz word many of us have heard but are uncertain what it really means. This book works to dispel the myths and unravel the truth about this branch of science and technology that has already touched many aspects of our lives, from cheaper and faster medical diagnostic tools and more effective ways to deliver existing ones to helping to create new medicines and electronic devices.Size Really Does Matter starts by looking at the science and history of nanotechnology, followed by real-life examples of how it is used, what cutting-edge research is being carried out and why, and potential risks of this exciting new technology.It is written in an accessible style with genuine enthusiasm for the topics it addresses, including how nanotechnology hopes to address problems in several fields, such as cancer research, novel devices, new materials and improved manufacturing methods for existing products.Related Link(s)","brand":"World Scientific Europe Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48741446680919,"sku":"9781786347978","price":23.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781786347978.jpg?v=1723812386"},{"product_id":"size-really-does-matter-the-nanotechnology-revolution-9781786346612","title":"Size Really Does Matter: The Nanotechnology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'The text is lightly written but, underneath the entertaining gloss of anecdote and personal detail, this is actually an intensely serious and carefully constructed book, aimed at informing the educated public about science in general and nanotechnology in particular. It is attractively produced, with innumerable well-captioned coloured images … To my mind, Colm Durkan has succeeded in combining the accessible style of the best science journalists with the authority and vision that come from being a successful scientist and an expert in his field.'Contemporary PhysicsNanotechnology is a buzz word many of us have heard but are uncertain what it really means. This book works to dispel the myths and unravel the truth about this branch of science and technology that has already touched many aspects of our lives, from cheaper and faster medical diagnostic tools and more effective ways to deliver existing ones to helping to create new medicines and electronic devices.Size Really Does Matter starts by looking at the science and history of nanotechnology, followed by real-life examples of how it is used, what cutting-edge research is being carried out and why, and potential risks of this exciting new technology.It is written in an accessible style with genuine enthusiasm for the topics it addresses, including how nanotechnology hopes to address problems in several fields, such as cancer research, novel devices, new materials and improved manufacturing methods for existing products.Related Link(s)","brand":"World Scientific Europe Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48741447205207,"sku":"9781786346612","price":52.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781786346612.jpg?v=1720057611"},{"product_id":"mems-product-development-from-concept-to-commercialization-9783030617080","title":"MEMS Product Development: From Concept to","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDrawing on their experiences in successfully executing hundreds of MEMS development projects, the authors present the first practical guide to navigating the technical and business challenges of MEMS product development, from the initial concept stage all the way to commercialization. The strategies and tactics presented, when practiced diligently, can shorten development timelines, help avoid common pitfalls, and improve the odds of success, especially when resources are limited. \u003ci\u003eMEMS Product Development \u003c\/i\u003eilluminates what it really takes to develop a novel MEMS product so that innovators, designers, entrepreneurs, product managers, investors, and executives may properly prepare their companies to succeed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction.- Understanding global silicon wafer manufacturing infrastructure.- Stages of development.- MEMS parameter sensitivity models.- Co-development of control and readout electronics.- Process integration.- Planning for test and data gathering.- Planning for package integration.- Mask layout.- Documentation.- Opportunity analysis.- Operational requirements.- MEMS product cost modeling.- Timeline planning.- When is the right time to move to a production facility?.- Finding foundry and supply chain vendors.- Transferring technology for production.- Quality control requirements.- Managing a global supply chain.","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743041990999,"sku":"9783030617080","price":71.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"nanotechnological-approaches-to-the-advancement-of-innovations-in-aquaculture-9783031155185","title":"Nanotechnological Approaches to the Advancement","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe main practical breakthrough of this century is nanobiotechnology, an amalgamation of biology and nanotechnology based on the standards and methods of metabolism. The field mainly involves the analysis, synthesis and the links between molecular biology, nutritional science and nanotechnology. In addition, the field involves the links between other life sciences branches, since the improvement of nanotechnology strategies might be directed by considering the structure and the capability of nanoparticles present in the living cells. \u003cbr\u003eThis book is a comprehensive evaluation of the latest nanobiotechnological developments, with an emphasis on applications, especially in aquaculture. It outlines, in-depth, modern techniques, and includes a variety of important sources that make this the perfect resource for researchers in this captivating world of nanobiotechnology.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e​​Preface\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1: Simple Basics of Aquaculture Nanosciences Research: A Thorough Introduction\u003c\/b\u003eDr. Iddaya Karunasagar Senior Fish Safety and Quality Specialist, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food \u0026amp; Agriculture Organisation of UN\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2: Current Nanotechnology Developments in the Aquaculture Industry\u003c\/b\u003eAhmed A. Tayel, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El Sheikh Egypt\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3: Aquatic Nanodrug Delivery\u003c\/b\u003eWindell, D, University of Exeter, United Kingdom\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4: Nanosensors Used in Aquaculture\u003c\/b\u003eJixiang Fang, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5: Alarming Viral Pathogens in Shrimp Industry and Nanotechnology\u003c\/b\u003eJeyachandran Sivakamavalli, Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6: Bioenrichment of Planktons in Aquaculture through Nanotechnological Approaches\u003c\/b\u003eSivakamavalli, Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South KoreaKiyun Parka, Ihn-Sil Kwaka, Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7: Water Purification and Bioremediation Nanotechnologies\u003c\/b\u003eN. H. Rao, National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Hyderabad, India\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8: The Challenge of Nanotechnology-Derived Food\u003c\/b\u003eHarjinder Singh, Riddet Institute, Massey University, New Zealand\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9: Nanoengineered Particles in Seafood: Their Concentration Level and their Kinetics\u003c\/b\u003eYing-Chou Lee, National Taiwan University, Taiwan\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10: Harvested Fish Management and Commercialization Packaging\u003c\/b\u003eJH Han, The University of Manitoba, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11: Nanotechnologies in Aquaculture Health Issues\u003c\/b\u003eMatheus D.Baldissera, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBibliography\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eIndex\u003c\/i\u003e","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743071514967,"sku":"9783031155185","price":132.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783031155185.jpg?v=1723812629"},{"product_id":"optical-metamaterials-qualitative-models-introduction-to-nano-optics-and-optical-metamaterials-9783319775180","title":"Optical Metamaterials: Qualitative Models:","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis textbook bridges the gap between university courses on electrodynamics and the knowledge needed to successfully address the problem of electrodynamics of metamaterials. It appeals to both experimentalists and theoreticians who are interested in the physical basics of metamaterials and plasmonics. Focusing on qualitative fundamental treatment as opposed to quantitative numerical treatment, it covers the phenomena of artificial magnetization at high frequencies, and discusses homogenization procedures and the basics of quantum dynamics in detail. By considering different phenomena it creates a self-consistent qualitative picture to explain most observable phenomena. This allows readers to develop a better understanding of the concepts, and helps to create a conceptual approach, which is especially important in educational contexts. This clearly written book includes problems and solutions for each chapter, which can be used for seminars and homework, as well as qualitative models that are helpful to students. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhenomenological Electrodynamics of materials with negative dielectric and magnetic constants.- Homogenization of Maxwell equations – macroscopic and microscopic approaches.- Phenomenological vs multipole models.- Charge dynamics and dielectric\/magnetic constants elaboration.- Plasmons\/Polaritons.- Transmission of light through subwavelength structures.- Multipole approach for homogenization of metamaterials (MM).- “Quantum” MM.","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743105986903,"sku":"9783319775180","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"concepts-of-nanochemistry-9783527325979","title":"Concepts of Nanochemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAuthored by a rising star in the field and one of its pioneers, this textbook is ideal for interdisciplinary courses - bridging chemistry, materials science, physics and biology. Adopting a completely new and visionary approach, this is a unique learning tool, focusing on just six concepts crucial for understanding nanochemistry: surface, size, shape, self-assembly, defects and the interface of biology and nanochemistry.\u003cbr\u003e These concepts are elucidated through the analysis of six materials representing the real life application of the nanochemistry concepts. The teaching questions included provide real \"food for thought\", thus training students to think as a researcher does and so develop problemsolving skills.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"The book \u003ci\u003eConcepts\u003c\/i\u003e can serve as a superb guide into nanochemistry for university teachers, students, and the interested general public. It can be emphatically recommended. Read it, or you will be missing something extraordinary.\" (\u003ci\u003eAngewandte Chemie,\u003c\/i\u003e 2010)\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eForeword xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Authors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNanochemistry – Why Should We Care? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is Nanochemistry? 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis Book – Instructions for Use 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 An Introduction to Nanochemistry Concepts 11\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Nanochemistry – What’s in a Name? 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 On the Surface of Things 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Size is Everything. . .Almost 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Shape 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Self-Assembly 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Two Words About Defects 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 The Bio–Nano Interface 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Safety 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Silica 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Surface 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Size 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Shape 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Self-Assembly 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Defects 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 BioNano 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Conclusion 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Silica – NanoFood for Thought 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Gold 85\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Surface 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Size 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Shape 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Self-Assembly 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Defects 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 BioNano 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Gold – NanoFood for Thought 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Polydimethylsiloxane 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Surface 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Size 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Shape 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Self-Assembly 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Defects 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 BioNano 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 PDMS – NanoFood for Thought 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Cadmium Selenide 141\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Surface 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Size 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Shape 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Self-Assembly 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Defects 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 BioNano 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 CdSe – NanoFood for Thought 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Iron Oxide 173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Surface 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Size 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Shape 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Self-Assembly 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 BioNano 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Iron Oxide – NanoFood for Thought 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Carbon 197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Surface 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Size 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Shape 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Self-Assembly 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 BioNano 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Conclusion 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Carbon – NanoFood for Thought 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Nanochemistry Case Histories 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Case #1 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Case #2 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Conclusions 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Nanochemistry Diagnostics 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 A Reference Sheet 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Microscopy Techniques 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Diffraction Techniques 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Spectroscopic Techniques 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Magnetic Techniques 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Separation Techniques 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Thermal Techniques 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Adsorption Techniques 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Electrical Techniques 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Challenges in Nanochemistry 245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 251\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743116472663,"sku":"9783527325979","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"nanotechnology-in-agriculture-and-food-science-9783527339891","title":"Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Science","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA comprehensive overview of the current state of this highly relevant topic. An interdisciplinary team of researchers reports on the opportunities and challenges of nanotechnology in the agriculture and food sector, highlighting the scientific, technical, regulatory, safety, and societal impacts. They also discuss the perspectives for the future, and provide insights into ways of assuring safety so as to obtain confidence for the consumer, as well as an overview of the innovations and applications.\u003cbr\u003e Essential reading for materials and agricultural scientists, food chemists and technologists, as well as toxicologists and ecotoxicologists.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeries Editor Preface VII\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Series Editor IX\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword XXI\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction XXV\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart One Basic Elements of Nanofunctional Agriculture and Food Science 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Nanotechnologies for Agriculture and Foods: Past and Future 3\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eCecilia Bartolucci\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Nanoscience: Relevance for Agriculture and the Food Sector 15\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShahin Roohinejad and Ralf Greiner\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Fundamental of Nanoscience 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Applications of Nanotechnology in the Agriculture Sector 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Applications of Nanotechnology in the Food Sector 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Challenges of Using Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Sectors 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Conclusions 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Naturally Occurring Nanostructures in Food 33\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSaïd Bouhallab, Christelle Lopez, and Monique A.V. Axelos\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Protein-based Nanostructures 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Lipid-Based Nanostructures 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Artificial Nanostructures in Food 49\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJared K. Raynes, Sally L. Gras, John A. Carver, and Juliet A. Gerrard\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Types and Uses of Artificial Organic Nanostructures Found in Food 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Conclusion 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Engineered Inorganic Nanoparticles in Food 69\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarie-Hélène Ropers and Hélène Terrisse\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Engineered Inorganic Materials Containing Nanoparticles 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Characterization of Engineered Inorganic Nanomaterials 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Conclusion and Perspectives 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Nanostructure Characterization Using Synchrotron Radiation and Neutrons 87\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFrancois Boué\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Principles 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 The Basic Information from a SAS Profile 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 A Few Examples: From Soft Matter to Agrofood 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Other Scattering Techniques 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Recommendation and Practical: A Checklist for Scattering 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Summary and Conclusion 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Two Opportunities, Innovations, and New Applications in Agriculture and Food Systems 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Nanomaterials in Plant Protection 115\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAngelo Mazzaglia, Elena Fortunati, Josè Maria Kenny, Luigi Torre, and Giorgio Mariano Balestra\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Nanotechnology and Agricultural Sector 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Applications of Nanomaterials against Plant Pathogens and Pests 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Conclusions 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems for Nutraceuticals: Trojan Horse Hydrogel Beads 135\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBenjamin Zeeb and David Julian McClements\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Overview of Nanoparticles-Based Colloidal Delivery Systems 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Designing Particle Characteristics 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Trojan Horse Nanoparticle Delivery Systems 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Case Study: Alginate Hydrogel Beads as Trojan Horse Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for Curcumin 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Conclusions 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Bottom-Up Approaches in the Design of Soft Foods for the Elderly 153\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJosé Miguel Aguilera and Dong June Park\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Foods and the Elderly 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Rational Design of Soft and Nutritious Gel Particles 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Technological Alternatives for the Design of TM Foods 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Conclusions 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Barrier Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Food Packaging 167\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJose M. Lagaron, Luis Cabedo, and Maria J. Fabra\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Nanocomposites 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Nanostructured Layers 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Nanotechnologies for Active and Intelligent Food Packaging: Opportunities and Risks 177\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNathalie Gontard, Stéphane Peyron, Jose M. Lagaron, Yolanda Echegoyen, and Carole Guillaume\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction and Definitions 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Nanomaterials in Active Packaging for Food Preservation 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Nanotechnology for Intelligent Packaging as Food Freshness and Safety Monitoring Solution 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Potential Safety Issues and Current Legislation 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Conclusions and Perspectives 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Overview of Inorganic Nanoparticles for Food Science Applications 197\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eXavier Le Guével\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Food Packaging, Processing, and Storage 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Supplements\/Additives 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Food Analysis 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Conclusion and Perspective 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Nanotechnology for Synthetic Biology: Crossroads Throughout Spatial Confinement 209\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDenis Pompon, Luis F. Garcia-Alles, and Gilles Truan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Convergence Between Nanotechnologies and Synthetic Biology 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Spatially Constrained Functional Coupling in Biosystems 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Functional Coupling Through Scaffold-Independent Structures 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Spatial Confinement Mediated by Natural and Synthetic Scaffolds 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Encapsulated Biosystems Involving Natural or Engineered Nanocompartments 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Synthetically Designed Structures for Protein Coupling and Organization 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Future Directions 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Modeling and Simulation of Bacterial Biofilm Treatment with Applications to Food Science 235\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJia Zhao, Tianyu Zhang, and Qi Wang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Review of Biofilm Models 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Biofilm Dynamics Near Antimicrobial Surfaces 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Antimicrobial Treatment of Biofilms by Targeted Drug Release 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Models for Intercellular and Surface Delivery by Nanoparticles 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Conclusion 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Three Technical Challenges of Nanoscale Detection Systems 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Smart Systems for Food Quality and Safety 259\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMark Bücking, Andreas Hengse, Heinrich Grüger, and Henning Schulte\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Overview 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Roadmapping of Microsystem Technologies Toward Food Applications 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Microsystem Technology Areas 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Nanoelectronics: Technological Opportunities for the Management of the Food Chain 277\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKris Van De Voorde, Steven Van Campenhout, Veerle De Graef, Bart De Ketelaere, and Steven Vermeir\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Technological Needs and Trends in the Food Industry 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Cooperation Model to Stimulate “The Introduction of New Nanoelectronics-Based Technologies in Food Industry”: An Engine for Innovation and Bridging the Gap 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Existing Technologies That Can Be Used in a Wide Range of Applications: The Present 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 New Technology Developments: The Future 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Four Nanotechnology: Toxicology Aspects and Regulatory Issues 297\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Quality and Safety of Nanofood 299\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eOluwatosin Ademola Ijabadeniyi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Current and Future Application of Nanotechnology in the Food Industry 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Food Quality and Food Safety 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 How Safe is Nanofood? 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 The Need for Risk Assessment 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Regulations for Food Nanotechnology 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Conclusion 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Interaction between Ingested-Engineered Nanomaterials and the Gastrointestinal Tract: In Vitro Toxicology Aspects 311\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLaurie Laloux, Madeleine Polet, and Yves-Jacques Schneider\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Influence of the Gastrointestinal Tract on the Ingested Nanomaterials Characteristics 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 In Vitro Models of the Intestinal Barrier 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Cytotoxicity Assessment and Application to Silver Nanoparticles 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Conclusion 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Life Cycle of Nanoparticles in the Environment 333\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJean-Yves Bottero, Mark R. Wiesner, Jérôme Labille, Melanie Auffan, Vladimir Vidal, and Catherine Santaella\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Transport and Bioaccumulation by Plants 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Indirect Agricultural Application of NMs through Biowastes 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Transformations of NPs in Soils after Application 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Conclusion 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Five Governance of Nanotechnology and Societal Dimensions 347\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 The Politics of Governance: Nanotechnology and the Transformations of Science Policy 349\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBrice Laurent\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 An Issue of Governance 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Operationalizing the Governance of Nanotechnology 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 The Constitutional Project of Governance 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Potential Economic Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials in Agriculture and the Food Sector 363\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eElke Walz, Volker Gräf, and Ralf Greiner\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Potential and Possible Applications of Nanomaterials in the Food Sector and Agriculture 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Nanotechnology: Market Research and Forecasts 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Critical Considerations and Remarks Concerning Market Reports and Forecasts 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Obstacles Regarding Commercialization of Nanotechnologies in Food and Agriculture 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Conclusion 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Conclusions 377\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMonique A.V. Axelos and Marcel Van de Voorde\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 381\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743119520087,"sku":"9783527339891","price":138.56,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"upconverting-nanoparticles-from-fundamentals-to-applications-9783527349654","title":"Upconverting Nanoparticles: From Fundamentals to","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eModern learning resource providing broad coverage of the rapidly-advancing field of upconverting nanoparticles\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis modern reference explains photon upconversion technology using nanoparticles from first principles to novel and future applications in imaging, sensing, catalysis, energy technology, biomedicine, and many other areas. Expert authors discuss both established and novel materials and applications, going far beyond the coverage of previously published books on the subject. Key topics covered in the book include: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSynthesis, characterization, and basic properties of nanoparticles with photon-upconverting properties \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNew types of upconverting nanoparticles, including transition metal- and rare earth-doped materials, metal-organic frameworks, core\/shell particles, and surface-modified particles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent and emerging application areas for upconverting nanoparticles, including heating, lighting, sensing, and detection \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiomedical uses of nanoparticles, including photodynamic therapy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhoton upconversion using nanoparticles has opened the door to a new universe of light-powered technology. This book is a key resource for scientists, physicists, and chemists across a wide range of disciplines who wish to master the theory, methods and applications of this powerful new technology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to Upconversion and Upconverting Nanoparticles 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eManisha Mondal and Vineet Kumar Rai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Frequency Conversion and Its Various Processes 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Stokes Emission 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Anti-Stokes Emission 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2.1 Ground\/Excited-State Absorption (GSA\/ESA) 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2.2 Energy Transfer Upconversion (ETU) 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2.3 Cooperative Luminescence and Cooperative Sensitization Upconversion (csu) 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2.4 Cross-relaxation (CR) and Photon Avalanche (PA) 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Transition Metals and Their Properties 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Rare Earths and Their Properties 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Trivalent Rare-Earth Ions 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1.1 Electronic Structure 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1.2 Interaction of Rare-Earth Ions 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1.3 Dieke Diagram 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Divalent Rare-Earth Ions 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Excitation and De-excitation Processes of Rare Earths in Solid Materials 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Excitation Processes 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1.1 f–f Transition 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1.2 f–d Transition 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1.3 Charge Transfer Transition 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Emission Processes 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2.1 Emission via Radiative Transitions 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2.2 Emission via Nonradiative Transitions 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2.3 Energy Transfer Processes 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Rate Equations Relevant to UC Mechanism 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Rate Equations in a Basic Three-Level System 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2 Rate Equation Related to Pump Power-Dependent UC Emission 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Theoretical Description of Optical Characteristics of Rare-Earth Ions 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1 Judd–Ofelt (J–O) Theory and Calculation of Radiative Parameters 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2 Nephelauxetic Effect 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 An Introduction to Upconverting Nanoparticles 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Synthesis Protocol of Upconversion Nanoparticles 31\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLakshmi Mukhopadhyay and Vineet Kumar Rai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Host Matrix 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Synthetic Strategy of UC Nanomaterials 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Solid-State Reaction Technique 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Coprecipitation Technique 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Sol–Gel Technique 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Hydro(solvo)thermal Technique 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Combustion Technique 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.6 Thermolysis Technique 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.6.1 Thermolysis in OA-Based Mixed Solvents 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.6.2 Thermolysis in OM-Based Mixed Solvents 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.6.3 Thermolysis in TOPO-Based Mixed Solvents 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.7 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Technique 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Synthesis Techniques for Fabricating Core@shell Architectures 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Solid-Phase Reaction 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Liquid-Phase Reaction 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.1 Stöber Technique 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.2 Microemulsion Technique 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Gas-Phase Reaction 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Mechanical Mixing 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Other Synthesis Strategies to Develop Lanthanide-Doped UCNPs 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Conclusion 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Characterization Techniques and Analysis 67\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNeha Jain, Prince K. Jain, Rajan K. Singh, Amit Srivastava, and Jai Singh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Ultraviolet–Visible–Near-Infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) Absorption Spectroscopy 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Photoluminescence (PL) Study 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Pump Power-Dependent UC 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 Recognition of Emission Color and Colorimetric Theory 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Raman and FTIR Spectroscopic Techniques and Their Applications 97\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSaurav K. Ojha and Animesh K. Ojha\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Raman Spectroscopy 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 FTIR in Transmission Mode 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (drifts) 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Applications of Raman Spectroscopy 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Raman Study of Molecular Association in Hydrogen-Bonded Systems 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (RRS) 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Raman Spectroscopy of Semiconducting, Superconducting, and Perovskite Materials 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Applications of FTIR Spectroscopy 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 FTIR Spectroscopy of Semiconductor, Superconductor, Hazardous, and Perovskite Materials 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy of Upconverting Nanoparticles 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Fundamental Aspects of Upconverting Nanoparticles (UCNPs) Based on Their Properties 117\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSushil K. Ranjan, Sasank Pattnaik, Vishab Kesarwani, and Vineet Kumar Rai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Elucidation of Dynamics of UCNPs on the Basis of Fluorescence Decay Times 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 General Understanding of Depopulation Processes and UC Decay 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Differentiating the ESA and ETU Mechanism Based on the Decay Profile 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Theoretical and Experimental Approach of Understanding the Factors Affecting Upconversion Decay 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Measurement of Quantum Yield of UCNPs 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Role of Quantum Yield in Upconversion 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Optical Methods of Measuring Quantum Yield of Upconverting Nanoparticles (UCNPs) 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1 Relative Method of Measuring Quantum Yield 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2 Absolute Method of Measuring Quantum Yield 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.3 Measurement of Intrinsic Quantum Yield of Lanthanide-Based Materials Using Lifetimes 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Some Other Methods of Determining Quantum Yield 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.1 Photo-acoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.2 Thermal Lensing (TL) Method 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Frequency Upconversion in UCNPs Containing Transition Metal Ions 141\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eManisha Prasad and Vineet Kumar Rai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Synthesis of Transition Metal Ion-Activated Luminescent Nanomaterials 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Structural and Optical Characterizations 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Frequency Upconversion and Its Various Mechanisms 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Applications 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Mechanism of Transition Metal Ions in Crystal Field 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 UC Mechanisms in Mn-Based System 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 UC Mechanisms in Mn 4+ - and Ti 2+ -Based Systems 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 UC Mechanisms in Cr 3+ -Based System 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4 UC Mechanisms in the Fe 3+ -Based System 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.5 UC Mechanisms in Co 3+ - and Ni 2+ -Based System 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.6 UC Mechanisms in Cu 2+ -, Zn 2+ -, and Zr 4+ -Based System 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.7 UC Mechanisms in Nb 5+ -, Mo 3+ -, Ru-, and Ag + -Based System 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.8 UC Mechanisms in W 6+ - and Re 4+ -Based System 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.9 UC Mechanisms in Os 4+ - and Au-Based System 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Frequency Upconversion in UCNPs Containing Rare-Earth Ions 171\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSasank Pattnaik and Vineet Kumar Rai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Familiarization with the Spectroscopic Behavior of RE 3+ Ion-Doped UCNPs 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Physics of Trivalent Rare-Earth Ions 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.1 UC Mechanisms in Yb 3+ - and Pr 3+ -Based Systems 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.2 UC Mechanisms in Er-Based Systems 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.3 UC Mechanisms in Ho-Based Systems 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.4 UC Mechanisms in Tm-Based Systems 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.5 UC Mechanisms in Nd-Based Systems 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.6 Tri-Doped Systems 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Color Modulation in UCNPs 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2.1 Role of Dopant Concentration and Combination of RE 3+ Ions in Color Modulation 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2.2 Role of Host\/Dopant Combination in Color Modulation 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2.3 Controlling the Emission Color Through Phonon Effects 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2.4 Tuning UC Emission Using FRET 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Quenching Mechanisms in UCNPs 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Routes to Enhance Upconversion Luminescence in Nanoparticles 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Dye Sensitization Techniques 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Concentration Quenching Minimization 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.1 Suppression of Surface-Related Quenching 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.2 Removal of Detrimental Cross-Relaxation 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Confinement of Energy Migration 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Other Techniques to Enhance Upconversion Emission 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4.1 Crystal-Phase Modification 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4.2 Constructing an Active Core\/Active Shell Strategy 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4.3 Conjugating Surface Plasmon Resonance Technique 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4.4 Dielectric Superlensing-Mediated Strategy 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Technological Applications 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Photonic Applications 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1.1 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1.2 Photovoltaic Applications 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Bioimaging 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Photo-Induced Therapeutic Applications 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3.1 Photodynamic Therapy 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3.2 Photothermal Therapy 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3.3 Photoactivated Chemotherapy (PACT) 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Other Emerging Applications 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4.1 Anticounterfeiting 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4.2 Sensing and Detection 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4.3 Optogenetic Stimulation 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4.4 NIR Image Vision of Mammals 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Smart Upconverting Nanoparticles and New Types of Upconverting Nanoparticles 221\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAkhilesh K. Singh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Upconverting Core–Shell Nanostructures 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Hybrid Upconverting Nanoparticles 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Magnetic Upconverting Nanoparticles 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 UC-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Smart UCNPs for Security Applications 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Smart Upconverting Nanoparticles for Biological Applications 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Smart Upconverting Nanoparticles for Sensing 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Conclusion 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Surface Modification and (Bio)Functionalization of Upconverting Nanoparticles 241\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYashashchandra Dwivedi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Upconverting Nanomaterials 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Surface Modification 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Biofunctionalization of Upconverting Materials and Applications 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Frequency Upconversion in Core@shell Nanoparticles 267\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRaghumani S. Ningthoujam, Rashmi Joshi, and Manas Srivastava\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Downconversion 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Upconversion 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Synthesis of Core@shell and Core@shell@shell UCNPs 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Thermolysis Method 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Hot Injection 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Cation Exchange 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Structural Characterizations 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 Optical Characterization 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5.1 Normal Conversion Process in Ln-Doped Core@shell Nanoparticles 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5.2 Loop-Type and Avalanche-Type Upconversion Processes in Core@shell Nanoparticles 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Frequency Upconversion and Its Various Mechanisms 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Inorganic-Based Upconversion 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Applications 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Bioimaging Applications 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1.1 Luminescence-Based Imaging 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1.2 Other Imaging Probes (MRI, CT, and SPECT) 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Photothermal Therapy (PTT) 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Temperature Sensor 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.5 Security Ink 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Conclusion 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 UCNPs in Solar, Forensic, Security Ink, and Anti-counterfeiting Applications 319\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKaushal Kumar, Neeraj Kumar Mishra, and Kumar Shwetabh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 UCNPs for Solar Cells 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 C-Si Solar Cells 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 GaAs-Based Solar Cells 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Forensic, Security Printing, and Anti-counterfeiting Applications 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Biomedicals 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Bioimaging 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Biosensing 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Display and Lighting Purposes 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Application of Upconversion in Photocatalysis and Photodetectors 347\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePriyam Singh, Sachin Singh, and Prabhakar Singh Sunil Kumar Singh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Photocatalysis 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Photodetector 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Conclusion 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 UCNPs in Lighting and Displays 375\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRiya Dey\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Major Factors that Affect the UC Emission Efficiency 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 UC Mechanisms with Rate Equations 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Pump Power Dependence in the Case of Dominant ETU-Assisted Upconversion over ESA 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Pump Power Dependence in the Case of Dominant ESA-Assisted Upconversion over ETU 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 UCNPs in Solid-State Laser 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 UCNPs in Solid-State Lighting and Displays 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Requirements for LED Applications 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Upconversion Nanoparticles in pH Sensing Applications 395\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eManoj Kumar Mahata, Ranjit De, and Kang Taek Lee\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Basic Properties of UCNPs 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Working Principle of UCNP-Based pH Sensor 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Photon Upconversion-Based pH Sensing Systems 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Upconversion Nanoparticles as pH Sensors 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Upconversion-Based pH Sensing Membranes 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Conclusion 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Upconversion Nanoparticles in Temperature Sensing and Optical Heating Applications 417\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePraveen K. Shahi and Shyam B. Rai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Classification of Temperature Sensors: Primary and Secondary Thermometers 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Performance of Temperature Sensors 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Thermal Sensitivity 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Thermal Uncertainty (δT) 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Reproducibility and Repeatability 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Temperature Sensing with Luminescence 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Time-Integrated Schemes 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1.1 Fluorescence Intensity Ratio (FIR) or Band Shape 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1.2 Bandwidth 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Lifetime Technique 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Upconversion (UC) and UC-Based Thermal Sensor of Ln 3+ Ions 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.1 Upconversion (UC) and Upconverting Nanoparticles (UCNPs) 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.2 Single-Center UC Nanothermometers and Multicenter UC Nanothermometers 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.3 Complex Systems 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Optical Heating 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Upconverting Nanoparticles in Pollutant Degradation and Hydrogen Generation 449\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWanni Wang, Zhaoyou Chu, Benjin Chen, and Haisheng Qian\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Degradation of Organic Pollutants 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Degradation of RhB 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Degradation of MB 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.3 Degradation of MO 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.4 Degradation of Various Organic Pollutants 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.5 Others 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Degradation of Inorganic Pollutants 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Conclusion 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Upconverting Nanoparticles in the Detection of Fungicides and Plant Viruses 493\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eVishab Kesarwani and Vineet Kumar Rai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Visual Detection of Fungicides 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Detection Mechanisms 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1.1 Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1.2 Inner Filter Effect (IFE) 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1.3 Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1.4 Electron Exchange (EE) 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2 Significant Works on Upconversion-Based Fungicide Detection 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Detection of Plant Viruses 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Plant Virus Detection\/Management Strategies 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1.1 Direct Interactions 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1.2 Indirect Interactions 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1.3 NPs as Biosensors for Virus Detection 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1.4 RNAi Process for Antiviral Protection 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.2 Significant Works on Plant Virus Detection Based on UCNPs 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Future Challenges Regarding NP-Based Fungicide and Plant Virus Detection 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Upconversion Nanoparticles in Biological Applications 517\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePoulami Mukherjee and Sumanta Kumar Sahu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Upconversion Nanoparticles in Bioimaging 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1 Cell Imaging 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.2 Multimodal Imaging 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Upconversion Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1 Different Types of Surface Modification 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1.1 Polymer Coating 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1.2 Silica Coating 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1.3 Metal Oxide-Coated UCNPs 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1.4 Functionalization of UCNPs 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1.5 Metal–Organic Framework Coating 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2 Drug Release 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2.1 NIR-Triggered Drug Delivery System 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2.2 pH and Thermoresponsive Drug Release 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Upconversion in Photodynamic Therapy 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.1 Surface Modification of UCNPs for PDT 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Photothermal Therapy 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 539\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743125582167,"sku":"9783527349654","price":119.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783527349654.jpg?v=1720064220"},{"product_id":"nanophysics-and-nanotechnology-an-introduction-to-modern-concepts-in-nanoscience-9783527413249","title":"Nanophysics and Nanotechnology: An Introduction","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLong awaited new edition of this highly successful textbook, provides once more a unique introduction to the concepts, techniques and applications of nanoscale systems by covering its entire spectrum up to recent findings on graphene.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface XV\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of abbreviations XVII\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Nanometers, Micrometers, and Millimeters 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Plenty of Room at the Bottom 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 Scaling the Xylophone 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.3 Reliability of Concepts and Approximate Parameter Values Down to About L = 10 nm (100 Atoms) 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.4 Nanophysics Built into the Properties of Bulk Matter 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Moore’s Law 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Esaki’s Quantum Tunneling Diode 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 QDs of Many Colors 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 GMR and TMR 100–1000 Gb Hard Drive “Read Heads” 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Accelerometers in Your Car 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Nanopore Filters 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Nanoscale Elements in Traditional Technologies 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Systematics of Making Things Smaller, Pre-quantum 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Mechanical Frequencies Increase in Small Systems 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Scaling Relations Illustrated by a Simple Harmonic Oscillator 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Scaling Relations Illustrated by Simple Circuit Elements 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Thermal Time Constants and Temperature Differences Decrease 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Viscous Forces Become Dominant for Small Particles in Fluid Media 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Frictional Forces Can Disappear in Symmetric Molecular Scale Systems 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 What Are Limits to Smallness? 27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Particle (Quantum) Nature of Matter: Photons, Electrons, Atoms, and Molecules 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Biological Examples of Nanomotors and Nanodevices 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Linear Spring Motors 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Linear Engines on Tracks 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Rotary Motors 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Ion Channels, the Nanotransistors of Biology 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.1 Ca++-Gated Potassium Channel 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.2 Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 How Small Can You Make it? 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 What Are the Methods for Making Small Objects? 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 How Can You SeeWhat YouWant to Make? 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 How Can You Connect it to the OutsideWorld? 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 If You Cannot See it or Connect to it, Can You Make it Self-Assemble and Work on its Own? 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Approaches to Assembly of Small Three-Dimensional Objects 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5.1 VariableThickness Electroplating 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5.2 Lithography onto Curved Surfaces 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5.3 Optical Tweezers 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5.4 Arrays of Optical Traps 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.6 Use of DNA Strands in Guiding Self-Assembly of Nanometer-Sized Structures 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Quantum Nature of the Nanoworld 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Bohr’s Model of Nuclear Atom 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Quantization of Angular Momentum 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Extensions of Bohr’s Model 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Particle–Wave Nature of Light and Matter, DeBroglie Formulas λ = h¨Mp, E = hν 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Wavefunction Ψ for Electron, Probability Density Ψ∗Ψ, Traveling and StandingWaves 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Maxwell’s Equations; E and B asWavefunctions for Photons, Optical FiberModes 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Schrodinger Equation, Quantum States and Energies, Barrier Tunneling 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Schrodinger Equations in One Dimension 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.1 Time-Dependent Equation 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.2 Time-Independent Equation 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 The Trapped Particle in One Dimension 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.1 Linear Combinations of Solutions 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.2 Expectation Values 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.3 Two-ParticleWavefunction 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Reflection and Tunneling at a Potential Step 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3.1 Case 1: E \u0026gt; Uo 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3.2 Case 2: E \u0026lt; Uo 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Penetration of a Barrier, Escape Time from a Well, Resonant Tunneling Diode 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.5 Trapped Particles in Two andThree Dimensions: Quantum Dot 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.5.1 Electrons Trapped in a 2D Box 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.5.2 Electrons in a 3D “Quantum Dot” 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.6 2D Bands and QuantumWires 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.6.1 2D Band 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.6.2 QuantumWire 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.7 The Simple Harmonic Oscillator 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.8 Schrodinger Equation in Spherical Polar Coordinates 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 The Hydrogen Atom, One-Electron Atoms, Excitons 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Magnetic Moments 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Magnetization and Magnetic Susceptibility 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Positronium and Excitons 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Fermions, Bosons, and Occupation Rules 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Quantum Consequences for the Macroworld 83\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Chemical Table of the Elements 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Nanosymmetry, Diatoms, and Ferromagnets 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Indistinguishable Particles and Their Exchange 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.1 Fermions 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.2 Bosons 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.3 Orbital and Spin Components ofWavefunctions 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 The Hydrogen Molecule, Dihydrogen:The Covalent Bond 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.1 Covalent Bonding and Covalent AntiBonding, Purely Nanophysical Effects 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.2 Ferromagnetism, a Purely Nanophysical Effect 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 More Purely Nanophysical Forces: van derWaals, Casimir, and Hydrogen Bonding 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 The Polar and van derWaals Fluctuation Forces 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.1 Electric Polarizability of Neutral Atoms and Molecules 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.2 Dipolar Fluctuations of Neutral and Symmetric Atoms 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 The Casimir Force 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 The Hydrogen Bond 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Metals as Boxes of Free Electrons: Fermi Level, DOS, Dimensionality 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Electronic Conduction, Resistivity, Mean Free Path, Hall Effect, Magnetoresistance 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Periodic Structures (e.g., Si, GaAs, InSb, Cu): Kronig–Penney Model for Electron Bands and Gaps 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Electron Bands and Conduction in Semiconductors and Insulators; Localization versus Delocalization 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Hydrogenic Donors and Acceptors 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Carrier Concentrations in Semiconductors, Metallic Doping 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 PN Junction, Electrical Diode I(V) Characteristic, Injection Laser 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2.1 Radiative Recombination and Emission of Light 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2.2 PN Junction Injection Laser 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2.3 Increasing Radiative Efficiency η 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2.4 Single-Nanowire Electrically Driven Laser 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 More about Ferromagnetism, the Nanophysical Basis of Disk Memory 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Surfaces are Different; Schottky Barrier Thickness W = [2εεo VB¨MeND]1¨M2 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Ferroelectrics, Piezoelectrics, and Pyroelectrics: Recent Applications to Advancing Nanotechnology 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.1 Piezoelectric Materials 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.2 Ultrasonic Initiation of Bubbles, by a Negative Pressure 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.3 Ferroelectrics and Pyroelectrics 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.4 A Nanotechnological (Pyroelectric) Compact Source of Neutrons 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.5 Electric Field Ionization of Deuterium (Hydrogen) 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.6 An Unexpected High-Temperature Nanoenvironment 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.7 Collapse of Ultrasonically Produced Bubbles in Dense Liquids 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Self-Assembled Nanostructures in Nature and Industry 137\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Carbon Atom 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6C 1s2 2p4 (0.07 nm) 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Methane (CH4), Ethane (C2H6), and Octane (C8H18) 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Ethylene (C2H4), Benzene (C6H6), and Acetylene (C2H2) 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 C60 Buckyball (∼0.5 nm) 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 C∞ Nanotube (∼0.5 nm) 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Si Nanowire (∼5 nm) 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 InAs Quantum Dot (∼5 nm) 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 AgBr Nanocrystal (0.1–2 μm) 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Fe3O4 Magnetite and Fe3S4 Greigite Nanoparticles in Magnetotactic Bacteria 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au and Other Smooth Surfaces 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Physics-Based Experimental Approaches to Nanofabrication and Nanotechnology 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Silicon Technology:The INTEL-IBM Approach to Nanotechnology 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Patterning, Masks, and Photolithography 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1.1 Patterning Deposition Masks 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1.2 Masking Layers to Limit Etching 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Etching Silicon 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2.1 Wet Etches 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2.2 Dry Etches 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Defining Highly Conducting Electrode Regions 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4 Methods of Deposition of Metal and Insulating Films 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4.1 Evaporation 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4.2 Sputtering 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4.4 Laser Ablation 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4.5 Molecular Beam Epitaxy 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4.6 Ion Implantation 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Lateral Resolution (Linewidths) Limited byWavelength of Light, Now 65 nm 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Optical and X-Ray Lithography 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Electron-Beam Lithography 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Sacrificial Layers, Suspended Bridges, Single-Electron Transistors 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 What Is the Future of Silicon Computer Technology? 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Heat Dissipation and the RSFQ Technology 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Scanning Probe (Machine) Methods: One Atom at a Time 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 STM as Prototype Molecular Assembler 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Moving Au Atoms, Making Surface Molecules 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Assembling Organic Molecules with an STM 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Atomic Force Microscope Arrays 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.1 Cantilever Arrays by Photolithography 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.2 Nanofabrication with an AFM 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.3 Imaging a Single Electron Spin by a Magnetic Resonance AFM 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Fundamental Questions: Rates, Accuracy, and More 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Nanophotonics and Nanoplasmonics 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Quantum Technologies Based on Magnetism, Electron and Nuclear Spin, and Superconductivity 183\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Spin as an Element of “Quantum Computing” 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 The Stern–Gerlach Experiment: Observation of Spin-1¨M2; Angular Momentum of the Electron 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Two Nuclear Spin Effects: MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and the “21.1 cm Line” 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Electron Spin 1¨M2; as a Qubit for a Quantum Computer: Quantum Superposition, Coherence 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Hard and Soft Ferromagnets 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 The Origins of GMR (Giant Magnetoresistance): Spin-Dependent Scattering of Electrons 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 The GMR Spin Valve, a Nanophysical Magnetoresistance Sensor 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 The Tunnel Valve, a Better (TMR) Nanophysical Magnetic Field Sensor 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Magnetic Random Access Memory 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.1 Magnetic Tunnel Junction MRAM Arrays 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.2 Hybrid Ferromagnet–Semiconductor Nonvolatile Hall Effect Gate Devices 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Spin Injection: The Johnson–Silsbee Effect 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10.1 Apparent Spin Injection from a Ferromagnet into a Carbon Nanotube 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Magnetic Logic Devices: A Majority Universal Logic Gate 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12 Superconductors and the Superconducting (Magnetic) Flux Quantum 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13 Josephson Effect and the Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14 Superconducting (RSFQ) Logic\/Memory Computer Elements 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14.1 The Single Flux Quantum Voltage Pulse 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14.2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) Using RSFQ Logic 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Silicon Nanoelectronics and Beyond 219\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Electron Interference Devices with Coherent Electrons 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Ballistic Electron Transport in Stubbed Quantum Waveguides: Experiment and Theory 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Well-Defined Quantum Interference Effects in Carbon Nanotubes 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Carbon Nanotube Sensors and Dense Nonvolatile Random Access Memories 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 A Carbon Nanotube Sensor of Polar Molecules, Making Use of the Inherently Large Electric Fields 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Carbon Nanotube Cross-Bar Arrays for Ultradense Ultrafast Nonvolatile Random Access Memory 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Resonant Tunneling Diodes, Tunneling Hot Electron Transistors 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Double-Well Potential Charge Qubits 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Silicon-Based Quantum Computer Qubits 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Single Electron Transistors 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 RFSET, a Useful Proven Research Tool 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Readout of the Charge Qubit, with Subelectron Charge Resolution 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 A Comparison of SET and RTD Behaviors 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Experimental Approaches to the Double-Well Charge Qubit 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Coupling of Two-Charge Qubits in a Solid-State (Superconducting) Context 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Ion Trap on a GaAs Chip, Pointing to a New Qubit 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Quantum Computing by Quantum Annealing with Artificial Spins 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Nanophysics and Nanotechnology of Graphene 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Graphene: Record-Breaking Physical and Electrical Properties 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Consequences of One-AtomThickness: Softness and Adherence 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Impermeability of Single-Layer Graphene 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Synthesis by Chemical Vapor Deposition and Direct Reaction 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Application to Flexible, Conducting, and Transparent Electrodes 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Potential Application to Computer Logic Devices, Extending Moore’s Law 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Applications of Graphene within Silicon Technology 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Looking into the Future 271\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Drexler’s Mechanical (Molecular) Axle and Bearing 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Smalley’s Refutation of Machine Assembly 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 van derWaals Forces for Frictionless Bearings? 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 The Concept of the Molecular Assembler is Flawed 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Could Molecular Machines Revolutionize Technology or Even Self-Replicate toThreaten Terrestrial Life? 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 The Prospect of Radical Abundance by a Breakthrough in Nanoengineering 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 What about Genetic Engineering and Robotics? 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Possible Social and Ethical Implications of Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Is there a Posthuman Future as Envisioned by Fukuyama? 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Useful Constants 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 297\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743127515479,"sku":"9783527413249","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"solid-state-properties-from-bulk-to-nano-9783662559208","title":"Solid State Properties: From Bulk to Nano","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book fills a gap between many of the basic solid state physics and materials sciencebooks that are currently available. It is written for a mixed audience of electricalengineering and applied physics students who have some knowledge of elementaryundergraduate quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. This book, based on asuccessful course taught at MIT, is divided pedagogically into three parts: (I) ElectronicStructure, (II) Transport Properties, and (III) Optical Properties. Each topic is explainedin the context of bulk materials and then extended to low-dimensional materials whereapplicable. Problem sets review the content of each chapter to help students to understandthe material described in each of the chapters more deeply and to prepare them to masterthe next chapters.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCrystal Lattices in Real and Reciprocal Space.- Electronic Properties of Solids.- Weak and Tight Binding Approximations for Simple Solid State Models.- Examples of Energy Bands in Solids.- Effective Mass Theory.- Lattice Vibrations.- Basic Transport Phenomena.- Thermal Transport.- Electron and Phonon Scattering.- Magneto-transport Phenomena.- Transport in Low Dimensional Systems.- Two Dimensional Electron Gas, Quantum Wells \u0026amp; Semiconductor Superlattices.- Magneto-Oscillatory and Other Effects Associated with Landau Levels.- The Quantum Hall Effect (QHE).- Review of Fundamental Relations for Optical Phenomena.- Drude Theory–Free Carrier Contribution to the Optical Properties.- Interband Transitions.- Absorption of Light in Solids.- Optical Properties of Solids Over a Wide Frequency Range.- Impurities and Excitons.- Luminescence and Photoconductivity.- Optical Study of Lattice Vibrations.","brand":"Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH \u0026 Co. KG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743141704023,"sku":"9783662559208","price":104.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"introduction-to-nanotechnology-9789811233036","title":"Introduction To Nanotechnology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis textbook is conceived for a one-semester course at the upper undergraduate or freshman graduate level. The book was written With the fact that nanotechnology is a vast field where the applications range from paint to nanomedicine, through plasmonics and catalysis. An introductory course must be a  compromise between a quantitative and a qualitative treatment. For that, this textbook is more quantitative than others in the market, which often do not treat the key concepts with enough depth. This textbook focuses on the key physical and chemical principles and uses many formulas and equations within with the one-semester time constraint.","brand":"World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743279133015,"sku":"9789811233036","price":52.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789811233036.jpg?v=1720064895"},{"product_id":"nanostructured-biomaterials-basic-structures-and-applications-9789811683985","title":"Nanostructured Biomaterials: Basic Structures and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book presents recent advances in nanostructured biomaterials. It covers the structures and applications of advanced nanostructured biomaterials. The topics covered include overview on biological activities of thiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, pyrazole derivatives, tetrazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, oxazole, isoxazoles, etc. The book also covers the topic of nanocarriers as drug delivery vectors. Given the contents, the book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the area of biomaterials and nanomaterials.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Brief history, pathophysiology, transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and recent advances on transition metal complexes and nanocomposites as the potent antiviral agents from COVID-19 perspectivesChapter 2 Nanocarriers as Drug Delivery VectorsChapter 3 Cocrystals and their induced activity of drugsChapter 4 An Introduction on Evolution of Azole Derivatives in Medicinal ChemistryChapter 5 Overview on Biological Activities of Thiazole DerivativesChapter 6 Overview on Biological Activities of Imidazole DerivativesChapter 7 Overview on Biological Activities of Pyrazole DerivativesChapter 8 An Overview on Biological Evaluation of Tetrazole DerivativesChapter 9 An Overview on Biological Activity of Benzimidazole DerivativesChapter 10 An overview on Biological Activities of Oxazole, Isoxazoles and 1,2,4-oxadiazoles DerivativesChapter 11 An Overview on Biological Activities of 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Springer Verlag, Singapore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743292305751,"sku":"9789811683985","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"advanced-oxidation-processes-in-dye-containing-wastewater-volume-2-9789811908842","title":"Advanced Oxidation Processes in Dye-Containing","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eTextile industry wastewater contains toxic dyes as well as heavy metals and many other persistent organic compounds which are difficult to biodegrade using conventional biological methods. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are one of the best alternatives for the effective degradation of such compounds. This Volume 2 starts with homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton processes and reviews the application and variables that affect the process. It then discusses plasma technology- an emerging method in terms of its chemistry, treatment set-up, limitations, etc. The positive performance of carbon tetrachloride in process intensification of dye degradation is presented. The other chapters include topics such as sonoenzymatic treatment processes, electroflocculation versus textile wastewater, combination of photocatalysis and membrane Separation, and enhancement of anaerobic digestion and photodegradation through adsorption.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eFenton Process in Dye Removal\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eFenton-Like Processes for the Removal of Cationic Dyes\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ePlasma Degradation of Synthetic Dyes\u003c\/p\u003e  Dyes Sonolysis: An Industrial View of Process Intensification Using Carbon Tetrachloride\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eMicrowave\/H2O2 Processes for Dye Removal\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCatalytic materials for dye removal in advanced oxidation process (AOPs)\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eFerrite Based Magnetic Nanoparticle Heterostructures for Removal of Dyes\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eMetal oxides-based nanomaterials for treatment of industrial dyes and colorants\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eOperational parameters in dye decolorization via sonochemical and sonoenzymatic treatment pro-cesses\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eNanoceramic Based Composites for Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Stream\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eElectroflocculation for wastewater treatment of textile industry: Overview and process variables effects\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eZnO Nanocomposites in Dye Degradation\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCarbon Nitride Application on Advanced Oxidation Processes for Dye Removal\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCombination of Photocatalysis and Membrane Separation for Treatment of Dye Wastewater\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eEnhancement of anaerobic digestion and photodegradation treatment of textile wastewater through adsorption\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Verlag, Singapore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743293059415,"sku":"9789811908842","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"mems-and-microsystems-9780470083017","title":"MEMS and Microsystems","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTechnology\/Engineering\/Mechanical\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e A bestselling MEMS text...now better than ever.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e An engineering design approach to Microelectromechanical Systems, MEMS and Microsystems remains the only available text to cover both the electrical and the mechanical aspects of the technology. In the five years since the publication of the first edition, there have been significant changes in the science and technology of miniaturization, including microsystems technology and nanotechnology. In response to the increasing needs of engineers to acquire basic knowledge and experience in these areas, this popular text has been carefully updated, including an entirely new section on the introduction of nanoscale engineering.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Following a brief introduction to the history and evolution of nanotechnology, the author covers the fundamentals in the engineering design of nanostructures, including fabrication techniques for producing nanoproducts, engineering design principles\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface To The First Edition xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions To Instructors xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 OVERVIEW OF MEMS AND MICROSYSTEMS 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 MEMS and Microsystems 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Typical MEMS and Microsystems Products 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Microgears 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Micromotors 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Microturbines 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Micro-Optical Components 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Evolution of Microfabrication 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Microsystems and Microelectronics 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Multidisciplinary Nature of Microsystems Design and Manufacture 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Microsystems and Miniaturization 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Application of Microsystems in Automotive Industry 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1 Safety 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2 Engine and Power Trains 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.3 Comfort and Convenience 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.4 Vehicle Diagnostics and Health Monitoring 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.5 Future Automotive Applications 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Application of Microsystems in Other Industries 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1 Application in Health Care Industry 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.2 Application in Aerospace Industry 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.3 Application in Industrial Products 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.4 Application in Consumer Products 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.5 Application in Telecommunications 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Markets for Microsystems 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 WORKING PRINCIPLES OF MICROSYSTEMS 35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Microsensors 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Acoustic Wave Sensors 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Biomedical and Biosensors 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Chemical Sensors 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Optical Sensors 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Pressure Sensors 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 Thermal Sensors 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Microactuation 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Actuation Using Thermal Forces 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Actuation Using Shape Memory Alloys 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Actuation Using Piezoelectric Effect 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Actuation Using Electrostatic Forces 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 MEMS with Microactuators 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Microgrippers 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Miniature Microphones 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Micromotors 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Microactuators with Mechanical Inertia 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Microaccelerometers 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Microgyroscopes 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Microfluidics 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Microvalves 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Micropumps 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Micro–Heat Pipes 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 ENGINEERING SCIENCE FOR MICROSYSTEMS DESIGN AND FABRICATION 83\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Atomic Structure of Matter 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Ions and Ionization 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Molecular Theory of Matter and Intermolecular Forces 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Doping of Semiconductors 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Diffusion Process 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Plasma Physics 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Electrochemistry 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.1 Electrolysis 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.2 Electrohydrodynamics 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 ENGINEERING MECHANICS FOR MICROSYSTEMS DESIGN 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Static Bending of Thin Plates 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Bending of Circular Plates with Edge Fixed 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Bending of Rectangular Plates with All Edges Fixed 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Bending of Square Plates with Edges Fixed 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Mechanical Vibration 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 General Formulation 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Resonant Vibration 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Microaccelerometers 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Design Theory of Accelerometers 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Damping Coefficients 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 Resonant Microsensors 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Thermomechanics 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Thermal Effects on Mechanical Strength of Materials 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Creep Deformation 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Thermal Stresses 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Fracture Mechanics 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Stress Intensity Factors 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Fracture Toughness 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Interfacial Fracture Mechanics 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Thin-Film Mechanics 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Overview of Finite Element Stress Analysis 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 The Principle 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Engineering Applications 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Input Information to FEA 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4 Output from FEA 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.5 Graphical Output 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.6 General Remarks 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 THERMOFLUID ENGINEERING AND MICROSYSTEMS DESIGN 183\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Overview of Basics of Fluid Mechanics at Macro- and Mesoscales 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Viscosity of Fluids 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Streamlines and Stream Tubes 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Control Volumes and Control Surfaces 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Flow Patterns and Reynolds Number 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Basic Equations in Continuum Fluid Dynamics 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Continuity Equation 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Momentum Equation 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Equation of Motion 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Laminar Fluid Flow in Circular Conduits 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Computational Fluid Dynamics 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Incompressible Fluid Flow in Microconduits 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Surface Tension 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Capillary Effect 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Micropumping 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Overview of Heat Conduction in Solids 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 General Principle of Heat Conduction 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Fourier Law of Heat Conduction 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Heat Conduction Equation 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.4 Newton’s Cooling Law 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.5 Solid–Fluid Interaction 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.6 Boundary Conditions 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Heat Conduction in Multilayered Thin Films 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Heat Conduction in Solids at Submicrometer Scale 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 SCALING LAWS IN MINIATURIZATION 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction to Scaling 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Scaling in Geometry 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Scaling in Rigid-Body Dynamics 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Scaling in Dynamic Forces 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Trimmer Force Scaling Vector 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Scaling in Electrostatic Forces 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Scaling of Electromagnetic Forces 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Scaling in Electricity 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Scaling in Fluid Mechanics 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Scaling in Heat Transfer 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Scaling in Heat Conduction 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 Scaling in Heat Convection 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 MATERIALS FOR MEMS AND MICROSYSTEMS 245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Substrates and Wafers 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Active Substrate Materials 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Silicon as Substrate Material 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Ideal Substrate for MEMS 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Single-Crystal Silicon and Wafers 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Crystal Structure 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Miller Indices 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5 Mechanical Properties of Silicon 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Silicon Compounds 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Silicon Dioxide 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Silicon Carbide 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Silicon Nitride 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 Polycrystalline Silicon 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Silicon Piezoresistors 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Gallium Arsenide 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Quartz 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Piezoelectric Crystals 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Polymers 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.1 Polymers as Industrial Materials 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.2 Polymers for MEMS and Microsystems 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.3 Conductive Polymers 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.4 Langmuir–Blodgett Film 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.5 SU-8 Photoresists 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Packaging Materials 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 281 \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 MICROSYSTEMS FABRICATION PROCESSES 285\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Photolithography 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Overview 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Photoresists and Application 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Light Sources 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Photoresist Development 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.5 Photoresist Removal and Postbaking 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Ion Implantation 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Diffusion 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Oxidation 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Thermal Oxidation 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Silicon Dioxide 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Thermal Oxidation Rates 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 Oxide Thickness by Color 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Chemical Vapor Deposition 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Working Principle of CVD 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Chemical Reactions in CVD 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.3 Rate of Deposition 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.4 Enhanced CVD 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Physical Vapor Deposition: Sputtering 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Deposition by Epitaxy 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Etching 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.1 Chemical Etching 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.2 Plasma Etching 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Summary of Microfabrication 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 OVERVIEW OF MICROMANUFACTURING 323\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Bulk Micromanufacturing 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Overview of Etching 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Isotropic and Anisotropic Etching 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Wet Etchants 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Etch Stop 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.5 Dry Etching 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.6 Comparison of Wet versus Dry Etching 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Surface Micromachining 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Description 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Process 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Mechanical Problems Associated with Surface Micromachining 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 LIGA Process 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Description 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Materials for Substrates and Photoresists 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Electroplating 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 SLIGA Process 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Summary of Micromanufacturing 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Bulk Micromanufacturing 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Surface Micromachining 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 LIGA Process 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 MICROSYSTEMS DESIGN 349\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Design Considerations 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Design Constraints 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Selection of Materials 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Selection of Manufacturing Processes 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Selection of Signal Transduction 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 Electromechanical System 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.6 Packaging 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Process Design 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Photolithography 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Thin-Film Fabrications 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Geometry Shaping 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Mechanical Design 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Geometry of MEMS Components 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Thermomechanical Loading 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Thermomechanical Stress Analysis 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Dynamic Analysis 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.5 Interfacial Fracture Analysis 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Mechanical Design Using Finite Element Method 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Finite Element Formulation 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Simulation of Microfabrication Processes 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Design of Silicon Die of a Micropressure Sensor 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Design of Microfluidic Network Systems 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Fluid Resistance in Microchannels 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 Capillary Electrophoresis Network Systems 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.3 Mathematical Modeling of Capillary Electrophoresis Network Systems 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.4 Design Case: Capillary Electrophoresis Network System 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.5 Capillary Electrophoresis in Curved Channels 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.6 Issues in Design of CE Processes 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Computer-Aided Design 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.1 Why CAD? 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.2 What Is in a CAD Package for Microsystems? 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.3 How to Choose a CAD Package 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.4 Design Case Using CAD 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 ASSEMBLY, PACKAGING, AND TESTING OF MICROSYSTEMS 407\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Overview of Microassembly 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 High Costs of Microassembly 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Microassembly Processes 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Major Technical Problems in Microassembly 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Tolerances in Microassembly 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Tools and Fixtures 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3 Contact Problems in Microassembly Tools 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Microassembly Work Cells 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Challenging Issues in Microassembly 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Overview of Microsystems Packaging 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 General Considerations in Packaging Design 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Three Levels of Microsystems Packaging 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10.1 Die-Level Packaging 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10.2 Device-Level Packaging 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10.3 System-Level Packaging 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Interfaces in Microsystems Packaging 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Essential Packaging Technologies 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.13 Die Preparation 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14 Surface Bonding 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14.1 Adhesives 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14.2 Eutectic Bonding 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14.3 Anodic Bonding 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14.4 Silicon Fusion Bonding 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14.5 Overview of Surface Bonding Techniques 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14.6 Silicon-on-Insulator: Special Surface Bonding Techniques 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.15 Wire Bonding 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.16 Sealing and Encapsulation 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.16.1 Integrated Encapsulation Processes 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.16.2 Sealing by Wafer Bonding 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.16.3 Vacuum Sealing and Encapsulation 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.17 Three-Dimensional Packaging 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.18 Selection of Packaging Materials 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.19 Signal Mapping and Transduction 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.19.1 Typical Electrical Signals in Microsystems 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.19.2 Measurement of Resistance 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.19.3 Signal Mapping and Transduction in Pressure Sensors 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.19.4 Capacitance Measurements 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.20 Design Case on Pressure Sensor Packaging 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.21 Reliability in MEMS Packaging 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.22 Testing for Reliability 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 INTRODUCTION TO NANOSCALE ENGINEERING 465\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Micro- and Nanoscale Technologies 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 General Principle of Nanofabrication 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Nanoproducts 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Application of Nanoproducts 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Quantum Physics 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Molecular Dynamics 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Fluid Flow in Submicrometer- and Nanoscales 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.1 Rarefied Gas 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.2 Knudsen and Mach Numbers 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.3 Modeling of Micro- and Nanoscale Gas Flow 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Heat Conduction at Nanoscale 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.1 Heat Transmission at Submicrometer- and Nanoscale 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.2 Thermal Conductivity of Thin Films 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.3 Heat Conduction Equation for Thin Films 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 Challenges in Nanoscale Engineering 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.1 Nanopatterning in Nanofabrication 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.2 Nanoassembly 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.3 New Materials for Nanoelectromechanical Systems (NEMS) 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.4 Analytical Modeling 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.5 Testing 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12 Social Impacts of Nanoscale Engineering 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1 Recommended Units For Thermophysical Quantities 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2 Conversion Of Units 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 527\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864623165783,"sku":"9780470083017","price":119.65,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470083017.jpg?v=1722272776"},{"product_id":"nanosystems-9780471575184","title":"Nanosystems","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDevices enormously smaller than before will remodel engineering,chemistry, medicine, and computer technology. How can we understandmachines that are so small? Nanosystems covers it all: powerand strength, friction and wear, thermal noise and quantumuncertainty. This is the book for starting the next century ofengineering. - Marvin Minsky\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e MIT Science magazine calls Eric Drexler Mr. Nanotechnology.For years, Drexler has stirred controversy by declaring thatmolecular nanotechnology will bring a sweeping technologicalrevolution - delivering tremendous advances in miniaturization,materials, computers, and manufacturing of all kinds. Now, he''swritten a detailed, top-to-bottom analysis of molecular machinery -how to design it, how to analyze it, and how to build it.Nanosystems is the first scientifically detailed description ofdevelopments that will revolutionize most of the industrialprocesses and products currently in use.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e This groundbreaking work draws on physics and che\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePHYSICAL PRINCIPLES.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Classical Magnitudes and Scaling Laws.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Potential Energy Surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Molecular Dynamics.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Positional Uncertainty.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Transitions, Errors, and Damage.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Energy Dissipation.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Mechanosynthesis.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Nanoscale Structural Components.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Mobile Interfaces and Moving Parts.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Intermediate Subsystems.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Nanomechanical Computational Systems.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Molecular Sorting, Processing, and Assembly.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Molecular Manufacturing Systems.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Macromolecular Engineering.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Paths to Molecular Manufacturing.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendices.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Afterword.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Symbols, Units, and Constants.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Glossary.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e References.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864650264919,"sku":"9780471575184","price":54.4,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471575184.jpg?v=1722272896"},{"product_id":"new-research-on-nanocomposites-9781604567991","title":"New Research on Nanocomposites","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNanophase materials and technology is a new application technology. Nanocomposites have attracted tremendous attention due to their potential applications in biomedical, catalytic, separation, chemical sensing, fuel cell, capacitors, microfabrication, tribological, resonant coupling, high flux gas transport etc. Nanocomposite materials are complex nanophase materials which optimise the performance of traditional materials. Various nanocomposites have been synthesised in a wide range of polymerisation, sol-gel, deposition, magnetron sputtering, supercritical fluid, sonochemistry, laser, etc.Among these works, many strategies were addressed to improve nanocomposites mechanical properties by inclusions (fibers, whiskers, platelets, or particles). The embedding of inclusions in a host matrix to make composites, which gives material properties not achieved by either phase alone, has been a common practice for many years. Traditionally, composites were reinforced with micron-sized inclusions. Recently, processing techniques have been developed to allow the size of inclusions to go down to nanoscale.With the recent developments in the nanoscience and nanotechnology fields, the correlation of composite properties with nanostructure has become a point of great interest. As a result, much of the work is still ongoing and there is yet to be a definite conclusion on the effect of nano-sized structure on nanocomposite systems. This book provides leading edge research from around the globe on this field.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48867718496599,"sku":"9781604567991","price":129.74,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781604567991.jpg?v=1722284633"},{"product_id":"nanomaterials-undersized-unregulated-and-already-here-9780955343131","title":"Nanomaterials Undersized Unregulated and Already","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Corporate Watch","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48885091893591,"sku":"9780955343131","price":7.77,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"bionanotechnology-engineering-concepts-and-applications-9781260464146","title":"Bionanotechnology Engineering Concepts and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnderstand the principles, practices, and applications of bionanotechnology\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis hands-on textbook covers key aspects of bionanotechnology from an engineering perspective. The book delves into a wide variety of topics, including materials science, micro\/nano fabrication, general physics, fluid flow, electromagnetics, thermodynamics, molecular biology, immunology, biochemistry, and organic chemistry.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeveloped from an advanced engineering course taught by its authors, \u003ci\u003eBionanotechnology: Engineering Concepts and Applications\u003c\/i\u003e fully explains all of the underlying concepts and shows how that theory can be directly applied in practical applications. Readers will get examples, problem sets, real-world case studies, and engineering design methodologies that illustrate each concept.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book contains complete discussions on microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip devices, organ-on-a-chip devices, quantum dots, DNA\/RNA technology, micro\/nano fabrication techniques, the mo\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"McGraw-Hill Education","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48885310128471,"sku":"9781260464146","price":76.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781260464146.jpg?v=1722535843"},{"product_id":"advances-in-nanotechnology-volume-17-9781536110043","title":"Advances in Nanotechnology: Volume 17","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNanotechnology is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale and is also very diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly. This book gathers and presents data on nanotechnology. Chapter One examines the role of atomic particles and nanoparticles in catalysis. Chapter Two reviews the preparations of nanoporous microelectrodes, their physical and electrochemical characterisation, their electrochemical behaviors, and their promising applications. Chapter Three studies controllable growth methods for device applications of gold nanorods. Chapter Four provides an overview of various antibody-nanoparticle conjugating modalities and their potential clinical application. Chapter Five reviews the numerous methods available to fabricate delivery systems depending upon the physicochemical properties of active ingredients and the polymers. Chapter Six discusses recent achievements in the field of development of different photoconverters (photodetectors and solar cells) based on nanoheterostructures with quantum dots of germanium on silicon.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886057959767,"sku":"9781536110043","price":205.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536110043.jpg?v=1722538667"},{"product_id":"advances-in-nanotechnology-volume-18-9781536119954","title":"Advances in Nanotechnology: Volume 18","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNanomaterials (NMs) or nanoparticles (NPs) are the small objects which behave as a simple single unit ranging in size from 1-100 nm. Chapter One is intended to provide detailed information on various aspects of nanomaterials including the types, characterisation, methods of preparation, physicochemical properties, optical and thermal properties and various applications. Chapter Two provides comprehensive information regarding the characteristics, advantages, composition, methods of preparation, factors affecting formulation, characterisation, applications, safety and toxicological considerations and future prospects for the use and preparation of nanosponges (NS). In Chapter Three, the fundamentals and applications of the mainstream top-down nanolithography techniques, which have been successfully applied in the fabrication of the graphene-based nano devices (such as the graphene nano-ribbon electronics, graphene quantum dot devices, graphene-based nano sensors and so on) are described. And in Chapter Four, the detailed method of tuning the bias voltage effect and the force effect during the AFM electric lithography is introduced and analysed.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886063006039,"sku":"9781536119954","price":205.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536119954.jpg?v=1722538688"},{"product_id":"advances-in-nanotechnology-volume-19-9781536124156","title":"Advances in Nanotechnology: Volume 19","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book gathers and presents data on nanotechnology. Major obstacles, drawbacks and challenges were analysed, and optimum solutions were provided \/ recommended for each individual nanomaterial in Chapter One, which also covers some technical analysis and sustainable uses of these materials in different industries. Chapter Two summarises recent advances in the fabrication, characterisation, properties, and applications of CB nanoparticles in various industries. The (simultaneous) twin polymerisation using diverse main-group and transition metal compounds as twin monomers, and additives like metal carboxylates or tin alkoxides to produce metal and metal oxide nanoparticle- as well as tin alloy-decorated porous carbon and silica hybrid materials is reported in Chapter Three. Several nanocomposites and products available in the market were studied in detail in Chapter Four to understand the Eol concepts of these materials and structures used for numerous product developments. Chapter Five summarises recent advances in the fabrication of nanoparticles, especially carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and their inherent failure mechanism under various external loading conditions. Chapter Six utilises thermal performance-illumination experiment with intelligent dimensional analysis to study the green-energy device characteristics in high power heating sources, in order to reach the green recycling of energy efficiency and depict how to prepare the process of thermo-electric nanofluid and fill it into pipe to form a TEP device. Chapter Seven presents a summary of the fabrication of soft nanostructure by molecular self-assembly of synthetic peptides. The structural-parametric model, the solution of the wave equation of the electroelastic actuator and the calculation their transfer functions are presented in Chapter Eight.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886070411607,"sku":"9781536124156","price":205.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536124156.jpg?v=1722538713"},{"product_id":"advances-in-nanotechnology-volume-20-9781536129021","title":"Advances in Nanotechnology: Volume 20","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this compilation, the authors discuss nanopowders, or powders with a particle size of less than 100 nanometers. Several nanopowder types have effectively been synthesized with potential applications as follows: Fe3O4 and BaFe6O19 (as magnetic materials, microwave absorbent, magnetic fluid and gel), SiO2 (as fillers to enhance mechanical strength), and CaCO3 (as coating for corrosive protection, food additives, cosmetics and drugs). This method allows for the production of high purity nanopowders with a moderately narrow crystal size distribution and unique morphology. Next, the innovative approaches to address the lightning strikes and EMI shielding effects on composite aircraft are examined, noting that composite aircraft protection against lightning is more complex due to the anisotropic nature of composite structure and high resistance of carbon in epoxy resins. The authors go on to present results of studies of composite electrochemical coatings modified by nano- and microparticles of various natures are presented, considering the operational properties and structural features of main types of composite coatings. Later, recent advances in synthesising highly ordered Titana nanotubes are explored, with regard to selection of suitable titanium based substrate and electrolyte apart from process parameters. These parameters include temperature, pH, voltage and applications in the areas of global warming , solar energy, photocatalytic applications, biomedical starting from implants to drug-eluding stents, sensors, and hydrogen storage. A chapter is presented on practical ways for fabricating cost-effective equipment for deposition of nanofilms, covering the most versatile techniques of sol-gel deposition and sputter-coating. The authors maintain that by applying individual ingenuity to the described frugal techniques, the reader should be able to form nanofilms of various materials with properties tailored to suit the intended application. Afterwards, the authors describe the soft, hard templated, and hierarchically ordered strategies concerning nanotechnology applied to fabricate porous carbon materials. Additionally, relevant advantages and disadvantages aim to provide the vital information about the growing field for future energy to minimize the potential environmental risks. Moving on, the authors introduce new research and related literature concerning the synthesis of cobalt diselenide (CoSe2) nanoneedle arrays for efficient hydrogen evolution electrolysis. Future aspects for improving the performance of transition metal dichalcogenide-based electrocatalytic electrodes are also examined. Lastly, a study on formation of nanoporous silicon and germanium layers with silver nanoparticles by low-energy high-dose ion implantation is presented. The authors suggest ion implantation for the formation of naoporous semiconductor thin layers, which could be easily combined with the crystalline matrix for various applications.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886077063511,"sku":"9781536129021","price":177.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536129021.jpg?v=1722538734"},{"product_id":"advances-in-nanotechnology-volume-21-9781536132021","title":"Advances in Nanotechnology: Volume 21","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this compilation, the authors discuss a synergistic enhancement of electron and thermal conductivities of epoxy-based composites (CMs) with different hybrid fillers. Their investigation shows an increase of the thermal conductivity as compared to CMs with a single carbon filler. This increase is more pronounced for GNPs\/BN fillers. However, the role of an interface thermal resistance is still dominant in the determination of the thermal conductivity of investigated epoxy composites. A subsequent chapter aims to present an overview of noteworthy functionalised materials that have been produced in recent years, in order to act as a guide for the future design of more efficient adsorbent materials. The authors also provide a review which could pave the way for the potential use of nanotechnology in the treatment of skin diseases. The potential implication of the nanotechnology-based cosmeceuticals could be significant and is warranted to be evaluated in long-term in vivo and clinical studies. Next, a transparent and flexible crystalline polymer nanohybrid was fabricated, containing well-dispersed magnetic nanoparticles with organic chain-modified surfaces. The partially fluorinated copolymer matrix used is composed of switchboard-type lamellae. These become transparent owing to the creation of high-density amorphous regions on drawing the corresponding film at just below the polymer melting point. Lastly, the book investigates double-diffusive convection in unsteady nanofluid flow over a moving surface in a porous medium in the presence of a chemical reaction and subject to thermal radiation. This study includes the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886082077015,"sku":"9781536132021","price":205.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536132021.jpg?v=1722538754"},{"product_id":"carbon-nanofibers-synthesis-applications-and-performance-9781536134339","title":"Carbon Nanofibers: Synthesis, Applications and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book is divided into two sections. Section One covers the authors'' work on the synthesis and characteristics of the various carbon nanofibers and microcoils using chemical vapor deposition and electrospun technologies. This section includes Chapters One through Four. Chapter One is an introductory chapter which presents synthesis, properties and analysis of carbon nanofibers and microcoils prepared by chemical vapor deposition and electrospun technologies. Chapter Two introduces information for approaching electrospun carbon nanofibers (ECNFs) with superior mechanical strength from aligned and stretched polyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymer nanofibers possessing high degrees of morphological and structural perfection. Chapter Three investigates the in-situ and ex-situ processes for the formation of geometrically controlled carbon microcoils and the practical application of carbon microcoils to the various nano\/micro electronic or mechanical devices. Chapter Four discusses the synthesis and various characterizations of carbon nanofibers synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition of halogenated hydrocarbons. Section Two deals with the recent advances in materials synthesis and characterization of carbon nanofibers and their applications such as Li secondary batteries, supercapacitors and heavy metal remediation in ground and wastewater. This section includes chapter Five through Ten. Chapter Five presents preparation and characterization of carbon nanofibers (CNFs), CNFs-Si, and CNFs-(PC)Si composites synthesized by the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method using transition metal catalysts and applications to anode materials of Li secondary batteries. Chapter Six introduces a synthesis and characterization of carbon nanofibers and Si\/carbon nanofiber composites based on Ni and Mo catalysts prepared for the anode material of Li secondary batteries. Chapter Seven discusses the electrophoretic deposition of Ni and Cu catalysts on C-fiber textiles for the growth of carbon nanofibers and coating of silica by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate on carbon nanofibers, and finally applications to the anode materials for Li secondary batteries. Chapter Eight presents synthesis and characterization of transition metal coated carbon nanofibers on Ni foam via CVD followed by a dipping method and electrochemical performance as anode materials for Li secondary batteries. Chapter Nine introduces a design of hierarchical porous carbon materials containing various metal oxides as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. Chapter Ten discusses an innovative carbon nanofibrous composite material prepared by the electrospun method and its application for efficient heavy metal pollutant remediation in contaminated groundwater as well as in wastewater treatment.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886085583191,"sku":"9781536134339","price":195.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536134339.jpg?v=1722538766"},{"product_id":"nanotechnology-principles-applications-and-ethical-considerations-9781536138894","title":"Nanotechnology: Principles, Applications and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe volume explores the emerging science of nanotechnology which deals with the understanding of the fundamental physics, chemistry, biology, material science and technology of nanometer scale objects, which has become a central pillar for the next generation medical challenges such as developing tiny nanodevices, as well as for food technology. There is no doubt that the development of emerging nanotechnology based nanomedicine, nanodevices for diagnostics and therapy, drug delivery systems and other applications are fast growing research areas for chemistry, biology, physics, medicine and different disciplines of engineering. On the other hand, due to the possible use in human health and food technology, the same emerging technology might raise new ethical issues and therefore require careful analysis of ethical aspects. To summarize the recent growth, the first volume in the Nanotechnology: Principles, Applications and Ethical Considerations series discusses the basic science behind the emerging technology, which is necessary to understand how these tiny materials can be used in our daily lives. This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of this rapidly-expanding and fascinating field from the molecular level to possible applications in the medical field. It contains eight chapters written by world renowned experts in this area, covering from basic science to possible nanomedicine designs, which can have numerous applications in our society. This book is unique in its design and content, providing a depth of science for readers that will help them understand the benefits and limitations of nanotechnology as well as its ethical and social implications.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886093513047,"sku":"9781536138894","price":163.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536138894.jpg?v=1722538794"},{"product_id":"first-principle-vs-experimental-design-of-nanomaterials-9781536139846","title":"First-Principle vs Experimental Design of","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe first-principle approach is designed for the interpretation of the experimental observations and prediction of properties for new nanomaterials. The understanding of physical phenomena requires a description at the atomic scale where size and geometric organization play important roles. The major challenge is to model systems as close as possible to those developed in the laboratory. The complexity both in terms of the geometric structure and chemical composition that comprise the modeling of such systems requires an entire panel of approaches ranging from semi-empirical methods to ab initio methods. At the atomic scale, the elementary bricks of the buildings are atoms. The cohesion and dynamics of these buildings are the result of interactions between these atoms. Two major classes of modeling techniques for these buildings can be distinguished: Electronic structure calculations and molecular simulation methods. Molecular simulation methods are limited in their application since they cannot be used to model properties that depend on the electronic structure. As part of the electronic structure calculations, the building is described by the notion of wave function. One of the fundamental tasks of quantum physics is to solve a differential equation according to the electronic, nuclear and spin coordinates via the Schrödinger equation. The resolution of this equation in analytical form is impossible, except in the case of hydrogenites. Different numerical resolution methods have been developed based on a series of simplifications and successive approximation techniques. Once solved, this equation gives the total energy of the system, the associated wave function, and the energies of the electronic states. These methods are applied at a temperature of zero and at a fixed pressure. There are several families of methods: Semi-empirical methods, Hartree-Fock (HF) methods and density functional (DFT) methods. From the dependence of the total energy on the volume of the mesh, we can deduce the equilibrium crystalline parameters, the modulus of rigidity or the enthalpy of formation. Finally and above all, they allow, through studies of electronic structure, to identify the phenomena that govern the substitutions. In other words, thanks to the fundamental laws of quantum physics, it is possible to compute macroscopic properties from microscopic information. The interface between the first-principle and experimental design could provide a way to answer a lot of problems and open questions on the physical properties of nanomaterials. The purpose of this book is to propose some ideas to answer the most important question in the design of nanomaterials (OD,1D and 2D) for nanotechnology application, namely, nanomaterials for spintronic application, nanomaterials for solar energy technologies application, magnetic refrigeration applications, switchable materials application and nanomedicine applications. Additionally, the author will discuss the correlation between the first-principle and experimental design to see how the properties of the yet-to-be-synthesized nanomaterials can be predicted. Based on experimental and on first-principle calculations design, the author will discuss structural, optical and magnetic properties of new nanomaterials. New physical properties will be discussed in nanomaterials recently observed, and this creates new opportunities for development and construction of a new nanomaterial for nanotechnology applications.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886095085911,"sku":"9781536139846","price":92.79,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536139846.jpg?v=1722538799"},{"product_id":"properties-and-application-of-ultrathin-carbon-and-silicon-films-9781536145090","title":"Properties and Application of Ultrathin Carbon","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book is devoted to the computer modeling of two-dimensional materials consisting of no more than two sheets of graphene or silicene. The results of the investigation of the mechanical and thermal properties of such ultrathin films that are in a free-standing state and, also, located on substrates of silver, copper, and graphite are presented. The thermal stability of copper, nickel, and aluminum films of monatomic thickness on graphene has been studied. The calculated data on the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene and silicene are presented. The excellent adsorption properties of graphene allow one to use it as a filter. A method for purifying graphene from heavy metals (copper, lead, and mercury) is proposed and implemented in a computer experiment by bombarding a contaminated graphene film on a copper substrate by clusters of noble gases with energies from 5 to 30 eV at various angles of incidence. This method of purifying graphene from mercury is compared with the method of heating this toxic metal deposited on graphene. The book is aimed at creating new composite materials with the use of graphene and silicene. Considerable attention is paid to the creation of high-capacity, rapidly cyclic, long-lived anodes of ionic batteries. Graphene and silicene can be used as anode materials of lithium-ion batteries, while their charge capacity sharply increase and the charging time is shortened. Here, the authors describe the results of the passage of lithium ions through graphene and silicene membranes. Vacancy defects form the holes in these membranes. Further development of electrochemical current sources is constrained due to the lack of suitable anode material. Graphene, and especially silicene, are the main materials for designing the anode of a lithium-ion battery. This book describes computer experiments involving the passage by lithium ions through the graphene, silicene, and silicene-graphene channels formed by corresponding perfect sheets and sheets containing vacancy defects. The processes of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium into silicene channels of various degrees of defectiveness located on a silver and copper substrate are considered. The lithium ion moving in the electric field along the channel is considered as a probe for determining the detailed structure of the channel. This approach allows us to investigate the surrounding of the ion by both Si-rings and Si-polyhedra. The prospect of using silicene on pyrolytic graphite as an anode material is examined. Computer tests are supported by the calculation of the energy, kinetic and mechanical characteristics of the functional elements of the anode. In each case, all components of the stress tensor of a two-dimensional material are determined. This book will be useful for scientists, graduate students, and students who are interested in the actual use of unique two-dimensional materials in the form of graphene and silicene. This book may interest technologists engaged in the field of electronics and the creation of electrochemical current sources, materials scientists, researchers using low-energy cluster beams, and specialists in the field of computer modeling. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation [the grant number 16-13-00061].","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886105702743,"sku":"9781536145090","price":195.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536145090.jpg?v=1722538836"},{"product_id":"applied-aspects-of-nano-physics-and-nano-engineering-9781536147087","title":"Applied Aspects of Nano-Physics and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book is partially composed of short communications -- proceedings of international symposium \"Nanophysics and nano-engineering 2017\" (venue: Mining university), and full-sized chapters, covering selected topics in depth. A variety of phenomena are described in this book. Smart nanostructured coatings, methods of synthesis based on both \"top to bottom\" (plasma deposition, remote methods) and \"bottom to top\" approaches are covered, as well as modeling approaches and analytical techniques. As before, ecological issues are highly addressed, such as materials for water purification and pollution prevention. Permanent interest in fullerenes as to one-dimensional carbon-based structures arises from their ability to be relatively easily modified by species of interest, for the purpose of bio-substrate delivery. Graphite exfoliation is utilised as a method to produce graphite nanoparticles and the modelling of fullers is reported. Issues of dielectric relaxation of solids have been a stunning topic for at least a few decades, and even now the interest in the dielectric relaxation approach seems to increase. This is because of the sensitivity of this non-destructive method to the conformational changes of flexible molecular moieties, brushes, and interchain segments. This avenue was focused on materials appliances of the method and technical development of the method and resolution, as well as the materials studied. Semiconductor technologies discussed in the book were related to developing solar concentrator systems (silicon technologies), heterojunction solar cells of eutectic gallium arsenide solid solutions for the development of alternative heterostructures based on the tunneling effect. \"Exotic\" semiconductors -- diamonds with delta-doped layers known for their high temperature resistance -- are studied via capacitance measurements. Directional crystallisation was studied to produce rear-Earth compounds with anisotropic properties for the application of thermoelectric materials. Findings in sorption properties of clay minerals with singlet oxygen is underestimated as global in terms of environmental factors. Oil shale and oil shale ash Baltic basin studies are reported. Materials with magnetic properties synthesised by the sol-gel method are based on varrium-titanium ceramic and are studied via a variety of powerful experimental methods: SEM, XRD, SAXC, and SAPNS. Findings in the surface modification of zinc oxide films are modified by selenium. A special experimental setup is made possible using an ambient pressure approach without isolating the atmosphere to synthesise the hierarchically ordered surface structure. Interface properties related to water absorption on an aluminum surface are analyzed, and they are of interest for tribology applications of organopolymer compositions. Composite nanostructured materials for solar concentrator systems are discussed, as well as compounds for thermionic energy converters. It is believed that this book provides an unbiased sketch of progress in nanotechnology and related areas.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor more information, please visit our website at:https:\/\/novapublishers.com\/shop\/applied-aspects-of-nanophysics-and-nano-engineering\/","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886109569367,"sku":"9781536147087","price":163.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536147087.jpg?v=1722538852"},{"product_id":"advances-in-nano-instrumentation-systems-and-computational-techniques-9781536150193","title":"Advances in Nano Instrumentation Systems and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNanotechnology is the novel technology that enables the control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where exclusive phenomena allow novel systems and applications to arise. In other words, nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating atoms, molecules and matter at nanometric length scales, to create new systems, materials, and devices. The field of nanotechnology delivers opportunities and challenges for scientists and technologists for the development of new materials and systems with greater functionality and speed. The rapidly emerging innovations in nano systems have enabled the creation of new sensors, transducers and measurement devices with great improvements in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, along with significant size reductions. Nanotechnology and nano engineering stand to produce significant scientific and technological advances in diverse fields including medicine and physiology, automation, space research, and sensor technology. Also, recent advances in computational nanoscience enables scientists and technologists to study nano materials and nano systems more efficiently with the help of mathematical models and simulation techniques. This edited book aims to provide useful scientific discussions on the recent advances in nano systems and computational techniques covering topics in the diverse fields of biomedical engineering, automobile engineering, mechatronics, materials technology and renewable energy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor more information, please visit our website at:https:\/\/novapublishers.com\/shop\/advances-in-nano-instrumentation-systems-and-computational-techniques\/","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886116614487,"sku":"9781536150193","price":72.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536150193.jpg?v=1722538876"},{"product_id":"cellulose-to-nanocelluloses-production-properties-and-applications-9781536150575","title":"Cellulose to Nanocelluloses: Production,","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCellulose is the most important and naturally abundant organic biopolymer in the biosphere. It is the basic structural component of plant cell walls. Cellulose based materials have been utilized by our society as engineering materials for thousands of years and their use continues today as verified by the enormity of the worldwide industries. In recent decades, the conversion of renewable lignocellulosic biomass and natural biopolymers into chemicals, liquid fuels and feed supplements has gained considerable attention. In addition, the gradual depletion of petroleum resources, the lack of space for landfills, concerns over emissions during incineration, and environmental pollution caused due to accumulation of these non-destructible solid wastes has spurred efforts to develop high performance materials which are eco-friendly and sustainable. Keeping in mind the advantages of the bio-based materials from cellulose, this volume, edited by Tri-Dung (T.-D.) Ngo, includes cellulose from the micro- (cellulose fiber) to nanoscale (nanocellulose). This book focuses on the chemistry, production, properties and applications of the cellulose materials in various areas. From the view of sustainable development, the new materials associated with cellulose bio-renewable sources are enormously being addressed. In addition, nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving area of development, as science, engineering and technology have merged to bring nanoscale materials much closer to reality. The book also summarizes the recent developments made in the area of advanced bio-nanomaterials, chemical functionalization of celluloses from the micro- to nanoscale, and their processing and successful utilization for selected applications. A number of critical issues and suggestions for future work are discussed, underscoring the roles of researchers for the efficient development of advanced bio-nanomaterials through value addition to enhance their use.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886117269847,"sku":"9781536150575","price":138.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536150575.jpg?v=1722538880"},{"product_id":"advances-in-nanotechnology-volume-22-9781536155587","title":"Advances in Nanotechnology: Volume 22","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe first chapter discusses the three major types of nanocomposites: metal, polymer, and ceramic matrix. Characteristics of different types of nanocomposites and their potential applications are presented briefly as well. Following this, the authors examine the increasing use of engineered nanomaterials in consumer and industrial products that has aroused global concern regarding their fate in biological systems, resulting in a demand for parallel risk assessment. This compilation also contains numerous approaches for targeted drug delivery systems using various options, particularly those involving the incorporation of nanocomposite materials. The basics on the Hubbard model in 1D and 2D and its applications in work on nanomaterials is presented. These applications concern electrical transport properties and optical properties of nanomaterials. The authors provide a review of recent research on the effect of various polymers incorporation in thin films on optical, structural, electrochemical and other properties of thin films. An overview of biocompatible and biodegradable polymer based bone scaffold materials is provided, along with their synthesis, characterisation, applications, advantages and short comings in the field of biomedical engineering application. Besides the effect of porosity, pore size, interconnectivity, microstructure of the scaffold on bone tissue engineering are evaluated in this section. Later, the generalized structural-parametric model, the solution of the matrix equations of the multilayer electroelastic actuator for the mechatronics and the nanotechnology and the calculation their transfer functions are presented by the authors. The concluding chapter assesses some common multiscale methods developed while stating some of the computational merits in multiscale simulations compared to large-scale atomistic simulations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor more information, please visit our website at:https:\/\/novapublishers.com\/shop\/advances-in-nanotechnology-volume-22\/","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886127427927,"sku":"9781536155587","price":177.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536155587.jpg?v=1722538915"},{"product_id":"introduction-of-forensic-nanotechnology-as-future-armour-9781536160406","title":"Introduction of Forensic Nanotechnology as Future","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eForensic Science is an interdisciplinary subject that uses principles and methodologies of various subjects including chemistry, biology, physics, geology, psychology, social science and engineering to help law enforcement agencies to enforce criminal laws and regulations to resolve civil and criminal cases. Body fluids, fingerprints, footprints, illicit drugs, explosives etc. are the evidences that can be found at the scene of crime in trace amount. These evidences are first analysed through screening and then confirmatory methods. During this process, the probability of sample loss is very high, especially when a sample amount is inadequate and therefore does not meet minimum requirement to analyse it. Generally, scientists discuss new-fangled nanotechnology research and its conversation turns to the commercial aspects or potential issues around health, safety, and the environment. In recent years, some of them have shown their interest to integrate nanotechnology with basic sciences and applied for forensic purposes, which are shifting the paradigm of forensic investigation process. Introduction of Forensic Nanotechnology as Future Armour is the first comprehensive book to consider both fundamental and applied aspects of forensic nanotechnology. This emerging field of forensic science investigates real-time crime scenes and terrorist activities, inquiries, detects the presence of explosive materials, biological indicators, document preservation, fingerprint enhancement and food adulteration using nanomaterial. Scientists and researchers are working on nanotechnology applications that may steer the power of forensic investigation, but the challenges to bring them from lab to the courtroom remain persistent. Moreover, some crucial concerns in forensic science such as analysis cost and time, methods' effectiveness and wide availability and results' accuracy and reliability are creating obstacles in forensic investigation and security. In this book we requested to enrich the scientific content as state-of-the-art in terms of application of nanotechnology in forensic science. In this way, all chapters will emphasise the emerging field of research to solve crime with the help of nanotechnology in various fields of forensic science like detecting explosives, biological indicators, document preservation, latent fingerprint and food adulteration. The integration of laboratory processes onto a nano platform is conceivably the most interesting advancement of nanotechnology highlighted in this book and some more issues like recent research developments, challenges and future opportunities are also addressed in this book. The book is written for a wide readership including researchers, undergraduate and graduate students from diverse backgrounds such as chemistry, materials science and nanotechnology engineering, physics, life sciences, forensic science, and biomedical engineering. It can be used not only as a textbook but also as a review and reference book. However, because many other nano technological applications for forensic analysis are yet to be studied, this book can be helpful to explore new opportunities. We hope that the chapters of this book will provide the reader with valuable insight as a revolutionary, protective tool in the fields of virtopsy, crime scene investigation, identification, forensic biology and toxicology. We also hope that after reading this book, researchers around the world will be motivated to enter into the field of forensic nanotechnology.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886139289943,"sku":"9781536160406","price":138.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536160406.jpg?v=1722538956"},{"product_id":"advances-in-nanotechnology-volume-23-9781536166828","title":"Advances in Nanotechnology: Volume 23","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis compilation opens with a discussion on the state of the art of the most representative mesostructured materials based on silicon dioxide used in diverse applications, and focusing on the synthesis, functionalization, and characterization of such materials. Following this, the authors present examples of success in using polymeric nanoparticles, as well as methods for their formation and physicochemical analysis required prior to perform safety and efficacy biological tests. Various mechanisms of silver nanoparticles contribute to their cytotoxicity, including generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and activation of signaling events leading to inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis. As such, the authors propose that future efforts be focused on the development of less toxic silver nanoparticles. Continuing, graphene and its by-products are defined and the mechanism of electromagnetic waves absorption via graphene-based substrates and nanocomposites is presented. Various kinds of graphene-based electromagnetic shields are examined and their performances compared. Physicochemical characterizations of the nanoemulsions are performed, including analysis over a period time to monitor the maintenance of these characteristics during storage. Next, a series of topics regarding electromagnetic wave shielding theory, sample fabrication methods, and characterization of the shielding materials are presented and experimental programs reported in the literature are reviewed. In conclusion, the authors present results of investigations concerned with the impact of rhodamine-B deposition on the surface of porous silicon on the chemical composition and optical properties of this system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePrefaceMesostructured Porous Nanoparticles Based on SiO2. Synthesis, Characterization and ApplicationsPolymeric Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: From Bench to ShelfApplications of Silver Nanoparticles in Medicine and DentistryGraphene-Based Nanocomposites as Potential Electromagnetic ShieldsPhysicochemical Evaluations for Nanoemulsion CharacterizationElectromagnetic Interference Shielding Cementitious Materials with Carbon Nanomaterials: A ReviewThe Study of Distinctions in the Deposition of Organic Dye Rhodamine-B on the Surface of Porous Silicon with Different Pore SizesIndex.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886152266071,"sku":"9781536166828","price":177.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536166828.jpg?v=1722539005"},{"product_id":"cellulose-nanocrystals-advances-in-research-and-applications-9781536167474","title":"Cellulose Nanocrystals: Advances in Research and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this collection, the authors begin by presenting recent progress and preparation of cellulose nanocrystals. Additionally, different applications of cellulose nanocrystals as polymeric scaffold material, reinforcement fillers, rheology modifiers, and in electronics are reviewed and discussed. Also provided are detailed descriptions on: cellulose nanocrystals isolation methods, characterization, and properties; current and future trends in terms of development of cellulose nanocrystals for various applications; concluding remarks on cellulose nanocrystals major uses in advanced engineering applications. In view of the rising interdisciplinary research being carried out on cellulose nanocrystals, the authors assemble the knowledge available about the chemical structure, sources, physical and chemical procedures for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. In closing, this book gives a brief, up-to-date introductory review on cellulose nanocrystals synthesis, up research in polymer-based cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposites, and their applications and challenges.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePrefaceCellulose Nanocrystals -- Sources, Preparation, and Applications: Research AdvancesReview On: Current Research Applications of Cellulose Nanocrystals, Its Sources, Fabrication Methods, and PropertiesCellulose Nanocrystals from Bioresources and Their ApplicationsCellulose Nanocrystals and Its Application in Polymer Nanocomposite for Drug DeliveryIndex.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886153412951,"sku":"9781536167474","price":72.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536167474.jpg?v=1722539009"},{"product_id":"zno-nanostructures-advances-in-research-and-applications-9781536167733","title":"ZnO Nanostructures: Advances in Research and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886154264919,"sku":"9781536167733","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536167733.jpg?v=1722539012"},{"product_id":"new-materials-preparation-properties-and-applications-in-the-aspect-of-nanotechnology-9781536170900","title":"New Materials: Preparation, Properties and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book covers a wide field of theoretical and experimental investigations of organic and inorganic systems: preparation methods, functional properties characterization and modification and practical applications. The first section includes studies in carbon structures of reduced dimensionality. Covered topics are: thermodynamic modeling of the behavior of fullerenes at heating in Argon, studying carbon nanotubes by X-ray diffraction, modelling of oscillating systems by cognitive digital systems. The number of chapters describes the structural investigations of a wide variety of materials such as different sorts of steel in grained modification for mining equipment, elements of rock-breaking, crushing and grinding equipment; degradation of dielectrics, including nanostructured dielectrics, by migratory polarization. Quantum chemical calculations were traditionally of a special interest of modelling nanostructured nuclei's. This method was applied to study titanium and vanadium nanocoating's formation from gas phase and to study quaternary ammonium compounds for modification of metal surfaces. Quantum-chemical calculations in bio-medical aspect made possible visualization ischemia-reperfusion injury using indocyanine green. The final paper in the section contains a scientific essay, where peculiarities of quantum mechanics are traversed through findings of nanotechnology. Section 2 includes the chapters related to preparation methods for the materials containing various components. It is opened by research of nanoporous alumina, which is a promising material for printed circuit boards. Heat flow distribution was found to possess some interesting features. Physical properties of electrochemically grown metallic filaments studied by electron microscopy anddiversity from dendritic to fractal structure was described. Fractal thematic was also addressed with simulation of breakdown in plasma channel. Section 3 is focused on the possibility of using new nanomaterials of different composition and design as powders for corundum ceramics, perfluorsulfonic membranes, refining noble methods from ultrafine valuable components, metals regeneration from oxide, and surface nanostructuring laser mechanisms. Mentoring aspect - education of the young researchers involved in nanoscience and technology -- is covered in chapter \"Students Training on \"Nanoengineering\", which is also a very important and promising scientific field.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface; Introduction; Modeling of Fullerenes C32 Heating in Argon: Thermodynamic Computer Experiment; Cluster Model of Graphitized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes; Transformation Modeling of Nanostructures by Cognitive Systems According to Big Smart Data; Grain Size Reduction in the Material Structure as an Effective Method of Increasing the Wear Resistance of Quick-Wear Elements of Mining Equipment; Degradation of Ionic Dielectrics under the Influence of Migratory Polarization; Nanodiagnostics of Construction Materials; The Influence of the Relative Concentrations of VOCl3 and TiCl4 Vapors in the Gas Mixture on the Composition of Vanadium-Titanium-Containing Nanocoatings on the Silica; Quantum-Chemical Modeling of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds for Modification of Metal Surface; Quantum-Chemical Justification of Using Indocyanine Green for Intravital Visualization of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury; Spectral and Kinetic Parameters of Triplet States of Acylic Derivatives Polycyclic Hydrocarbon; Some Peculiarities of Nanoworld from the Position of Modern Quantum Mechanics; Thermal Flows in a PCB from Aluminum with Alumina Oxide Generated by a Linear Heat Source; Using the Method of SEM Image Processing to Study the Morphology of Porous Anodic Alumina Films; Radial Distribution of the Thermoelectric Parameters in BixSb2-xTe3 Solid Solution Produced by Hot Extrusion; Nanoscale Range Metals Filamentous Powders of Cubic System; Characterization of Microplasma Breakdown in Semiconductor Structures Based on Fractal Analysis; Activation of the Surface of Alumina Powders for Sintering Ceramics; Porous Structure and Sorption Capacity of Perfluorosulfonic Membrane MF-4SK; On the Use of Microwave Treatment of Gold-Containing Concentrates for Its Efficient Processing; Regeneration of the Metal Oxidizer in the Near-Surface Layer as the Most Successful Variant of the Macrocycle in the Mechanism of Heterogeneous Heterophase Oxidation of the Metal; Research of Nanostructuring of Metal Surfaces by the Nanobar Code Processing; Raman Spectroscopy as a Method for Studying the Composition of Films of Compounds AIIBVI, AIIIBV on a SiC\/Si Heterostructure; Mott-Schottky Analysis of Multi-Layered Graphenes for Application in Electrochemical Charge Storage Devices; Investigation the Absorption Spectra of Dialysate Output Line in the Hemodialysis Process to Create Biosensors; Professional Orientated Education System on Nanoengineering; Index.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886158819671,"sku":"9781536170900","price":138.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536170900.jpg?v=1722539029"},{"product_id":"quantum-wires-an-overview-9781536176766","title":"Quantum Wires: An Overview","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Quantum Wires (QWs) occupy a central position in the whole field of nanoscience and technology. In this edited book, in Chapter 1, the Fowler-Nordheim Field Emission from QWs has been studied and, in Chapter 2, the Effective Mass in Heavily Doped (HD) QWs has been investigated. The importance of Dispersion Relations is already well-known since the inception of Solid State Science, which has been studied in Chapter 3 in QWs of technologically important Non- Parabolic compounds. The Diffusivity Mobility Ratio and the Magneto Thermoelectric Power in QWs have been investigated in Chapters 4 and 5, respectively. In Chapters 6 and 7, the density-of-states function in HD superlattices in the presence of electric field has been explored as well as the Quantum Capacitance in Quantum Wire Field Effect Transistors. The importance of Einstein's Photoemission is already well-known and has been studied from Heavily Doped QWs in Chapter 8. In Chapter 9, the Magnetic susceptibility in the Magnetic Susceptibilities in QWs has been explored and, lastly, Chapter 10 discusses the Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle (HUP) and the Carrier Contribution to the Elastic Constants in HD Opto electronic QWs. This edited book is written for graduate and post graduate students, researchers, engineers and professionals in the fields of mechanical engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, semiconductors and related areas, nano-electronics, condensed matter physics, solid state sciences, materials science, nanoscience and technology and nano-structured materials in general.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDedication; Preface; Acknowledgements; Quantum Wires and Fowler-Nordheim Field Emission; The Effective Mass in Heavily Doped Quantum Wires; Dispersion Relations in Quantum Wires of Non-Parabolic Semiconductors; The Diffusivity Mobility Ratio in Quantum Wire Superlattices; The Magneto Thermoelectric Power in Quantum Wires in the Presence of Microwave Radiation; On the Simplified Expression of the Density-Of-States Function in Heavily Doped Superlattices in the Presence of Electric Field; The Quantum Capacitance in Quantum Wire Field Effect Transistors; Einsteins Photoemission from Heavily Doped Quantum Wires; Quantum Wires and Magnetic Susceptibilities; The Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle and the Carrier Contribution to the Elastic Constants in Heavily Doped Opto Electronic Quantum Wires; About the Editor; Index.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886167896407,"sku":"9781536176766","price":163.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536176766.jpg?v=1722539062"},{"product_id":"advances-in-nanotechnology-volume-24-9781536184600","title":"Advances in Nanotechnology: Volume 24","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886182642007,"sku":"9781536184600","price":177.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536184600.jpg?v=1722539117"},{"product_id":"nano-biotechnological-advancements-in-environmental-issues-applications-and-challenges-9781536199758","title":"Nano-Biotechnological Advancements in","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book provides detailed knowledge on different types of pollutants and their hazardous effects on the environment, humans, animals, and plants. It also describes various modern nano-remediation approaches utilizing different nanomaterials for treatment\/management of different wastes, such as nanomaterial-mediated degradation of pharmaceutical and personal care products, nanomaterial-mediated wastewater treatment, nano-biotechnology in solid waste management, nanotechnology in biohydrogen and biodiesel production, and nano-biotechnology in e-waste management. This is an urgent matter for the safety of the environment and for human and animal health.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface; Nano-Materials in Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Product Degradation in Water; Nanomaterials Mediated Water Treatment; Nanomaterials Mediated Wastewater Treatment; Transgenic Plants in Phytoremediation: A Biotechnological Approach; Nanotechnology in Biodiesel Production; Phycoremediation: A Synergistic Approach for Bioremediation and Biomass Production; Waste Valorization by Composting: Microbial Diversity and Kinetics; Nano Bioremediation Using Gold, Silver, and Copper: An Ecofriendly Approach; Index.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886211805527,"sku":"9781536199758","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536199758.jpg?v=1722539225"},{"product_id":"biocatalytic-technology-nanotechnology-9781594541179","title":"Biocatalytic Technology \u0026 Nanotechnology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBiocatalytic Technology \u0026amp; Nanotechnology","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886511698263,"sku":"9781594541179","price":127.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781594541179.jpg?v=1722540384"},{"product_id":"nanophysics-nanoclusters-nanodevices-9781594548529","title":"Nanophysics, Nanoclusters \u0026 Nanodevices","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNanotechnology is a ''catch-all'' description of activities at the level of atoms and molecules that have applications in the real world. A nanometre is a billionth of a metre, about 1\/80,000 of the diameter of a human hair, or 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. Nanotechnology is now used in precision engineering, new materials development as well as in electronics; electromechanical systems as well as mainstream biomedical applications in areas such as gene therapy, drug delivery and novel drug discovery techniques. This book presents the latest research in this frontier field.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886532604247,"sku":"9781594548529","price":173.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781594548529.jpg?v=1722540489"},{"product_id":"focus-on-nanomaterials-research-9781594548970","title":"Focus on Nanomaterials Research","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNanotechnology is a ''catch-all'' description of activities at the level of atoms and molecules that have applications in the real world. A nanometre is a billionth of a meter, about 1\/80,000 of the diameter of a human hair, or 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. Nanotechnology is now used in precision engineering, new materials development as well as in electronics; electromechanical systems as well as mainstream biomedical applications in areas such as gene therapy, drug delivery and novel drug discovery techniques. This book presents the latest research in this frontier field.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886534242647,"sku":"9781594548970","price":149.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781594548970.jpg?v=1722540495"},{"product_id":"nanotechnology-at-the-leading-edge-9781600210181","title":"Nanotechnology at the Leading Edge","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNanotechnology is a \"catch-all\" description of activities at the level of atoms and molecules that have applications in the real world. A manometre is a billionth of a meter, about 1\/80,000 of the diameter of a human hair, or 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. Nanotechnology is now used in precision engineering, new materials development as well as in electronics; electromechanical systems as well as mainstream biomedical applications in areas such as gene therapy, drug delivery and novel drug discovery techniques. This book presents the latest research in this frontier field.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886581494103,"sku":"9781600210181","price":173.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781600210181.jpg?v=1722540719"}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/collections\/nanotechnology.oembed?page=3","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}