{"title":"Laser physics Books","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"light-and-waves-a-conceptual-exploration-of-physics-9783031240966","title":"Light and Waves: A Conceptual Exploration of","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book explores light and other types of waves, using this as a window into other aspects of physics. It emphasizes a conceptual understanding, using examples chosen from everyday life and the natural environment. For example, it explains how hummingbird feathers create shimmering colors, how musical instruments produce sound, and how atoms stick together to form molecules. It provides a unique perspective on physics by emphasizing commonalities among different types of waves, including string waves, water waves, sound waves, light waves, the matter waves of quantum mechanics, and the gravitational waves of general relativity. This book is targeted toward college non-science majors, advanced high school students, and adults who are curious about our physical world. It assumes familiarity with algebra but no further mathematics and is classroom-ready with many worked examples, exercises, exploratory puzzles, and appendices to support students from a variety of backgrounds.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“‘Light and Waves’ fills a need to educate non-science majors and laypeople on the joy of optics. This highly recommended book inspires questions, curiosity, excitement and interest in the natural universe. … this book special is the quality of the questions, the variety of worked problems with answers, the numerous exercises and crucial additional resources.” (Barry R. Masters, optica-opn.org, October 26, 2023)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContentsPreface1 Introduction1.1 Theories of Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.1.1 Extramission theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.1.2 Particle theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.1.3 Wave theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.1.4 Particle-wave duality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.1.5 Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.2 Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Part I: Waves2 Properties of Waves 2.1 Introduction to waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.1.1 Examples of waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.1.2 Transverse, longitudinal, and surface waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.1.3 Amplitude and wavelength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.2 Speed and velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.2.1 Speed and velocity of waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.2.2 Speed of light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.2.3 Measuring the speed of light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.2.4 Speed of light in a medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.2.5 Aside: High frequency stock market trading and the speed of light . . . . . . 232.3 Frequency and period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.3.1 Frequency and period of waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.3.2 Cars on a road analogy for waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.5 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Superposition3.1 Superposition of waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293.1.1 The superposition principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293.1.2 Rogue waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303.1.3 Constructive and destructive interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.1.4 Beating patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.2 Standing waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.2.1 Reflection at boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.2.2 Standing waves from reflected waves and superposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.2.3 Standing waves between two boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.3 Thin film interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.3.1 Structural coloration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.4 Diffraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.4.1 Diffraction through holes and around obstacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.4.2 Huygen’s principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.5 Diffraction and interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.5.1 Double-slit experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.5.2 Double-slit experiment analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.5.3 Diffraction gratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.5.4 Single-slit experiment and analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.5.5 The Arago-Poisson spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.5.6 Babinet’s principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.5.7 Atmospheric diffraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.7 Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.8 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 Wave Interactions 4.1 Resonance, coupling, and damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454.1.1 Resonance and coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454.1.2 Resonance with light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464.1.3 Energy transfer at a constant frequency is reversible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.1.4 Energy loss from damping is irreversible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504.1.5 Aside: The Tacoma Narrows and Millennium Bridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.2 Intensity spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524.2.1 Spectral graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524.2.2 Continuous and line spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544.3 Transmission and absorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.3.1 Transmission spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.3.2 Absorption spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574.4 Doppler effect and red\/blue shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594.4.1 The Doppler effect for sound waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594.4.2 Doppler effect for other types of waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614.4.3 Supersonic motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634.6 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 Mechanical Waves 5.1 Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.1.1 How waves work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.1.2 Speed of waves on a string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705.1.3 Damped waves on a string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715.2 Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715.2.1 Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715.2.2 How sound waves work and speed of sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725.2.3 The sound spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745.2.4 Sonar and Medical ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755.3 The physics of music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765.3.1 Physics terminology for music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765.3.2 Musical instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775.3.3 The Western musical scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.4 Water waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815.4.1 Forces and wave speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815.4.2 Phase velocity and group velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845.4.3 Water motion in waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.4.4 Long wavelength water waves: tsunamis, tides, and seiches . . . . . . . . . . 875.5 Seismic waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.5.1 Earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.5.2 Types of seismic waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.5.3 Seismic wave speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925.5.4 The Earth’s structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935.7 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Part II: Light 6 Electromagnetic waves 6.1 Light waves as electric and magnetic fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976.1.1 Scalars, vectors, and fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 986.1.2 Static electric fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 986.1.3 Static magnetic fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1006.1.4 Dynamic electric and magnetic fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026.1.5 Electromagnetic waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036.1.6 How light waves work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036.1.7 Light in a medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046.2 The electromagnetic spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046.3 Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1066.3.1 White objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1066.3.2 Rayleigh scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076.4 Polarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1086.4.1 Electromagnetic waves can be polarized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1086.4.2 Polarized light from selective absorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1096.4.3 Other sources of polarized light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1096.4.4 Birefringence and optical activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.4.5 Between crossed polarizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.4.6 Circular polarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1116.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1126.6 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137 Photons 7.1 Quantum mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157.1.1 Problems with classical mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157.1.2 Photons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1167.1.3 Quantum interpretation of the double-slit experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1187.2 Momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197.2.1 Classical momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197.2.2 Photon momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197.2.3 Radiometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1207.2.4 Solar sails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1207.2.5 Laser tweezers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217.3 Matter waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1227.3.1 The de Broglie equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1227.3.2 Matter wave speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1237.3.3 Particle in a box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1237.3.4 The hydrogen atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1267.3.5 Atomic spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1287.4 Fluorescence, phosphorescence, and lasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1297.4.1 Fluorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1297.4.2 Phosphorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1307.4.3 Lasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1307.5 Quantum mechanics and information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1317.5.1 Heisenberg uncertainty principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1317.5.2 Entanglement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1337.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1347.7 Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1367.8 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1368 Blackbody radiation 8.1 Blackbody radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1398.1.1 Wien’s displacement law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1398.1.2 Stefan-Boltzmann Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1418.1.3 Radiation coupling for black and white objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1418.1.4 Two-way blackbody radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1428.2 The greenhouse effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1438.2.1 Greenhouse effects on Mars and Venus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1448.2.2 Global warming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1458.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1468.4 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1478.4.1 The Earth’s energy budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Part III: Rays 9 Shadows and Pinhole cameras 9.1 Shadows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1519.1.1 Umbra and penumbra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1519.2 Pinhole camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1539.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1539.4 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15410 Reflection 10.1 Reflection in general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15510.1.1 Requirements for reflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15510.1.2 Law of reflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15610.2 Flat reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15710.2.1 One mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15710.2.2 Retroreflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15910.3 Concave reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16010.3.1 Parabolic reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16010.3.2 Concave spherical mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16110.4 Convex spherical mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16410.5 Mirrors, inversion, and symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16510.6 Fermat’s principle of least time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16610.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16710.8 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16811 Refraction11.1 Refractive index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17111.2 Normal incidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17111.3 Incidence at an angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17311.3.1 Snell’s Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17311.3.2 Snell’s Law in use, and total internal reflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17411.3.3 Examples of total internal reflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17511.4 Convex lenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17511.5 Concave lenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17711.6 Dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17711.7 Fermat’s principle of least time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17811.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17811.9 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17912 Vision 12.1 Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18312.1.1 Color wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18312.1.2 Addition of light and the RGB color scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18412.1.3 Light subtraction due to pigments and the CMYK color scheme . . . . . . . 18512.1.4 HSV color scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18712.2 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18812.3 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Appendices A NumbersA.1 Scientific notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191A.1.1 Scientific notation on a calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191A.2 More calculator advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192A.3 Precision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192B Units B.1 Units are your friends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195B.2 The metric system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195B.3 Unit math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197B.4 Unit conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197B.5 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199C Algebra C.1 Solving problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201C.2 Expressions and equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201C.2.1 Expersions and equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201C.2.2 Manipulating expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202C.2.3 Manipulating equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203C.3 Exponents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204D Geometry D.1 Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205D.1.1 Similar triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205D.1.2 Right triangles and trigonometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205D.2 Areas and volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743076757847,"sku":"9783031240966","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"advances-in-laser-and-optics-research-volume-5-9781611229356","title":"Advances in Laser and Optics Research: Volume 5","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book gathers the latest research from around the globe on the subject of lasers and optics research. 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Topics discussed include optical current sensors; evanescent field tapered fibre optic biosensors; new challenges in raman amplification for fibre communication systems; fibre bragg gratings in high birefringence optical fibres and optics research applied to the turin shroud.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886839443799,"sku":"9781613245057","price":106.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781613245057.jpg?v=1722541813"},{"product_id":"advances-in-laser-optics-research-volume-9-9781614709404","title":"Advances in Laser \u0026 Optics Research: Volume 9","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book gathers the latest research from around the globe on the subject of lasers and optics research. Topics discussed include advanced CO2 laser-induced plasma processing; excimer laser annealing of dielectrics with ion-synthesized metal nanoparticles; ultra-short pulse laser on hole drilling; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and its applications in mineral and pollution analyses; high power optical coatings; lasers in implant dentistry; Q-switched laser applications and electromagnetically induced transparency in optical frequency metrology.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886859268439,"sku":"9781614709404","price":146.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781614709404.jpg?v=1722541905"},{"product_id":"nonlinear-performance-characterization-methods-in-optics-9781628080933","title":"Nonlinear Performance \u0026 Characterization Methods","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNon-linear optical phenomena have been widely investigated and well understood since the invention of the Laser. Lots of applications of the non-linear optical phenomena have always been advanced in various fields, such as, optical information storage, all-light computing, optical switch, optical limiters, micro-nano-fabrication, etc., Non-linear optics has been developed into a subfield of optics, and there is no indication that either the developments of non-linear optics or its applications are slowing down. In non-linear optics, the characterisation and measurement techniques of the non-linear index are critical for understanding the non-linear physical process and developing new applications. In this book, different optical non-linearity characterisation and measurement methods are introduced and non-linear problems are discussed theoretically. 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A laser-plasma generator of multiply charged ions produces a large number of heavy ions in the regime of short periodic pulses, which is needed for ion accelerators operating in the pulse periodic regime. The source of this type is also promising for effective use in the field of heavy-ion fusion, brittle materials figure cutting, oil films elimination from the water surface and so on. This book has considered, in details, a new approach to the problem of a laser jet engine creation, which is based on the resonance merging of shock waves generated by an optical pulsating discharge, produced by such a laser. To obtain an optical pulsating discharge, the authors suggested the usage of high-power pulse-periodic laser radiation, which can be generated by wide aperture carbon dioxide, chemical and mono-module disk type solid-state laser systems. Future developments of the disk laser technology as the most effective and scalable to the level of many hundreds of kW as well are under consideration in the book.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48887111450967,"sku":"9781631177675","price":166.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781631177675.jpg?v=1722543057"},{"product_id":"advances-in-optoelectronics-research-9781633212114","title":"Advances in Optoelectronics Research","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe first chapter of this compilation on optoelectronics research provides the full, exciting story of integrated silicon light-emitting devices (Si-LEDs). Silicon is currently the most important semiconductor material. 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Topics discussed include optical imaging applications for the study of cultural heritage artefacts; laser induced transfer of organic materials; scanning probe microscopies of semiconductor and semi-magnetic nanocrystals; controlling the properties of semiconductor quantum dots; spatial and temporal soliton pulse generation by transmission of chaotic signals using fibre optic links; analysis of optical ring resonator; and clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of retro bulbar neuritis.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48887173251415,"sku":"9781634634946","price":152.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781634634946.jpg?v=1722543345"},{"product_id":"resonance-enhancement-in-laserproduced-plasmas-9781119472247","title":"Resonance Enhancement in LaserProduced Plasmas","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA comprehensive guide to a new technology for enabling high-performance spectroscopy and laser sources\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eResonance Enhancement in Laser-Produced Plasmas\u003c\/i\u003eoffers a guide to the most recent findings in the newly emerged field of resonance-enhanced high-order harmonic generation using the laser pulses propagating through the narrow and extended laser-produced plasma plumes. The authora noted expert in the fieldpresents an introduction and the theory that underpin the roles of resonances in harmonic generation. The book also contains a review of the most advanced methods of plasma harmonics generation at the conditions of coincidence of some harmonics, autoionizing states, and some ionic transitions possessing strong oscillator strengths.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComprehensive in scope, this text clearly demonstrates the importance of resonance-enhanced nonlinear optical effects leading to formation of efficient sources of coherent extreme ultraviolet radiation that can be practically ap\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 High-Order Harmonic Studies of the Role of Resonances on the Temporal and Efficiency Characteristics of Converted Coherent Pulses: Different Approaches 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Resonance Harmonic Generation in Gases:Theory and Experiment 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Role of Resonances in Plasma Harmonic Experiments: Intensity and Temporal Characterization of Harmonics 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Different Theoretical Approaches in Plasma HHG Studies at Resonance Conditions 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Comparative Analysis of the High-Order Harmonic Generation in the Laser Ablation Plasmas Prepared on the Surfaces of Complex and Atomic Targets 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Nonperturbative HHG in Indium Plasma: Theory of Resonant Recombination 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Principles ofTheory 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Discussion 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Important Consequences 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Simulation of Resonant High-Order Harmonic Generation in Three-Dimensional Fullerenelike System by Means of Multiconfigurational Time-Dependent Hartree–Fock Approach 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Basics of the Nonlinear Optical Studies of Fullerenes 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Simulations and Discussion 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Endohedral Fullerenes: AWay to Control Resonant HHG 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Theoretical Approach and Details of Computation 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Results of Simulations and Discussion 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Comparison of Resonance Harmonics: Experiment and Theory 47\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Two-Color Pump Resonance-Induced Enhancement of Odd and Even Harmonics from a Tin Plasma 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Experimental Studies 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Theoretical Approach 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Comparative Studies of Resonance Enhancement of Harmonic Radiation in Indium Plasma Using Multicycle and Few-Cycle Pulses 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Introduction 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Indium Emission Spectra in the Cases of 40 and 3.5 fs Driving Pulses 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Testing the Indium Emission Spectra Obtained Using 3.5 fs Pulses 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Theoretical Consideration of the Microscopic Response 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Experimental Studies of Harmonic Yield on the CEP of Laser Pulse 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6 Discussion 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Indium Plasma in the Single- and Two-Color Near-Infrared Fields:Enhancement of Tunable Harmonics 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Description of Problem 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Experimental Arrangements for HHG in Indium Plasma Using Tunable NIR Pulses 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Experimental Studies of the Resonance Enhancement of NIR-Induced Harmonics in the Indium Plasma 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Theory of the Process 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Discussion and Comparison ofTheory and Experiment 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Resonance Enhancement of Harmonics in Laser-Produced Zn II and Zn III Containing Plasmas Using Tunable Near-Infrared Pulses 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Single- and Two-Color Pumps of Zinc Plasma 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Modification of Harmonic Spectra at Excitation of Neutrals and Doubly Charged Ions of Zn 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Peculiarities of HHG in Zinc Plasma Using Tunable Pulses 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Application of Tunable NIR Radiation for Resonance Enhancement of Harmonics in Tin, Antimony, and Chromium Plasmas 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Experimental Results 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Theoretical Analysis of Resonance-Enhanced Harmonic Spectra from Sn, Sb, and Cr Plasmas 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Discussion 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Model of Resonant High Harmonic Generation in Multi-Electron Systems 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Theory 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Calculations 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Experiment 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Resonance Enhancement of Harmonics in Metal-Ablated Plasmas: Early Studies 139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Indium Plasma: Ideal Source for Strong Single Enhanced Harmonic 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Strong Resonance Enhancement of Single Harmonic Generated in Extreme Ultraviolet Range 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Chirp-Induced Enhancement of Harmonic Generation from Indium-Containing Plasmas 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2.1 Preparation of the Optimal Plasmas 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2.2 Optimization of High Harmonic Generation 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2.3 Chirp Control 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2.4 Discussion 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Harmonic Generation from Different Metal Plasmas 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Chromium Plasma: Sample for Enhancement and Suppression of Harmonics 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Studies of Resonance-Induced Single Harmonic Enhancement in Manganese, Tin, Antimony, and Chromium Plasmas 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2.1 Manganese Plasma 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2.2 Chromium Plasma 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2.3 Antimony Plasma 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2.4 Tin Plasma 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2.5 Discussion of Harmonic Enhancement 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Enhancement of High Harmonics from Plasmas Using Two-Color Pump and Chirp Variation of 1 kHz Ti:Sapphire Laser Pulses 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3.1 Advances in Using High Pulse Repetition Source for HHG in Plasmas 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3.2 Comparison of Plasmas Allowing Generation of Featureless and Resonance-Enhanced HHG Spectra 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3.3 Discussion 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Peculiarities of Resonant and Nonresonant Harmonics Generating in Laser-Produced Plasmas 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Spatial Coherence Measurements of Nonresonant and Resonant High-Order Harmonics Generated in Different Plasmas 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.1 Introduction 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.2 Measurements of the Spatial Coherence of Harmonics 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Demonstration of the 101st Harmonic Generation from Laser-Produced Manganese Plasma 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.1 Low Cutoffs from Plasma Harmonics 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.2 Experimental Arrangements and Initial Research 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.3 Analysis of Cutoff Extension 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Isolated Subfemtosecond XUV Pulse Generation in Mn Plasma Ablation 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.1 Application of a Few-Cycle Pulses for Harmonic Generation in Plasmas: Experiments with Manganese Plasma 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.2 Theoretical Calculations and Discussion 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Resonance Processes in Ablated Semiconductors 213\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 High-Order Harmonic Generation During Propagation of Femtosecond PulsesThrough the Laser-Produced Plasmas of Semiconductors 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Optimization of HHG 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Resonance-Induced Enhancement of Harmonics 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Two-Color Pump 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4 Quasi-Phase-Matching 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.5 Properties of Semiconductor Plasmas 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.6 Harmonic Cutoffs 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 27th Harmonic Enhancement by Controlling the Chirp of the Driving Laser Pulse During High-Order Harmonic Generation in GaAs and Te Plasmas 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Optimization of HHG in GaAs Plasma 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Variation of the Chirp of Femtosecond Pulses 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Observation of Single-Harmonic Enhancement Due to Quasi-Resonance with the Tellurium Ion Transition at 29.44 nm 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Resonance Enhanced Twenty-First Harmonic Generation in the Laser-Ablation Antimony Plume at 37.67 nm 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Resonance Processes at Different Conditions of Harmonic Generation in Laser-Produced Plasmas 241\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Application of Picosecond Pulses for HHG 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 High-Order Harmonic Generation of Picosecond Laser Radiation in Carbon-Containing Plasmas 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1.1 Experimental Arrangements and Results 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1.2 Discussion 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Resonance Enhancement of the 11th Harmonic of 1064 nm Picosecond Radiation Generating in the Lead Plasma 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2.1 Analysis of Resonantly Enhanced 11th Harmonic 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2.2 Variation of Resonance Enhancement by Insertion of Gases 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Size-Related Resonance Processes Influencing Harmonic Generation in Plasmas 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Resonance-Enhanced Harmonic Generation in Nanoparticle-Containing Plasmas 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1.1 Experimental Arrangements 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1.2 In\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e Nanoparticles 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1.3 Mn\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e Nanoparticles 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1.4 Sn Nanoparticles 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1.5 Discussion 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 High-Order Harmonic Generation from Fullerenes 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Comparison of the Resonance-, Nanoparticle-, and Quasi-Phase-Matching-Induced Processes Leading to the Growth of High-Order Harmonic Yield 281\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Quasi-Phase-Matched High-Order Harmonic Generation in Laser-Produced Plasmas 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Experimental Arrangements 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Experimental Observations of QPM 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Modeling HHG in Plasma Plumes 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Discussion and Comparison of Theory and Experiment 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4.1 Scenario 1 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4.2 Scenario 2 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Influence of a Few-Atomic Silver Molecules on the High-Order Harmonic Generation in the Laser-Produced Plasmas 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Introduction 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Experimental Setup 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Harmonic Generation and Morphology of Ablated Materials 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Discussion 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Controlling Single Harmonic Enhancement in Laser-Produced Plasmas 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 On the Method of Harmonic Enhancement 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Experimental Conditions for Observation of the Control of Harmonic Enhancement 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Featureless and Resonance-Enhanced Harmonic Distributions 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Comparison of Plasma and Harmonic Spectra in the LPPs Allowing Generation of Resonantly Enhanced Harmonics 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4.1 Zinc Plasma 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4.2 Antimony Plasma 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4.3 Cadmium Plasma 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4.4 Indium Plasma 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4.5 Manganese Plasma 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5 Basics of AlternativeModel of Enhancement 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Comparison of Micro- and Macroprocesses during the High-Order Harmonic Generation in Laser-Produced Plasma 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Basic Principles of Comparison 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Results of Comparative Experiments 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Discussion of Comparative Experiments 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 347\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407061557591,"sku":"9781119472247","price":131.35,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119472247.jpg?v=1730498038"},{"product_id":"nextgeneration-ftth-passive-optical-networks-research-towards-unlimited-bandwidth-access-9781402084690","title":"NextGeneration FTTH Passive Optical Networks","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eFibre-to-the-Home networks constitute a fundamental telecom segment with the required potential to match the huge capacity of transport networks with the new user communication demands.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface. Acknowledgements. Contributors. Abbrevations. List of Figures. List of Tables. References. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Organization of the Document. 2 Architecture of Future Access Networks. 2.1 Multiplexing level. 2.2 WDM – Passive Optical Network. 2.2.1 Wavelength allocation strategies. 2.2.2 Dynamic network reconfiguration using flexible WDM. 2.2.3 Static WDM PONs. 2.2.4 Wavelength routed PON. 2.2.5 Reconfigurable WDM PONs. 2.2.6 Wavelength broadcast-and-select access network. 2.2.7 Wavelength routing access network. 2.3 Geographical, optical and virtual topologies: star, tree, bus, ring and combined. 2.3.1 Tree topology. 2.3.2 Bus topology. 2.3.3 Ring topology. 2.3.4 Tree with redundant trunk. 2.3.5 Arrayed Waveguide Grating based single hop WDM\/TDM PON. 2.4 Compatibility with Radio applications UWB, UMTS, WiFi. 2.5 Radio-over-Fibre. 2.6 Next Generation G\/E-PON standards development process. 2.6.1 Development of 10G EPON. 2.6.2 Next generation GPON systems. 2.6.3 Summary. 3 Components for Future Access Networks. 3.1 Tuneable Optical Network Unit. 3.2 Fast-tunable laser at the Optical Line Terminal. 3.3 Arrayed Waveguide Gratings. 3.3.1 Wavelength router functionality.3.3.2 Applications in access networks.3.3.3 Arrayed Waveguide Grating characterization.3.4 Reflective receivers and modulators. 3.4.1 Electroabsorption Modulator. 3.4.2 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers. 3.4.3 Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier. 3.4.4 Erbium Doped Waveguide Amplifiers and integration with RSOA and REAM for high performance colourless ONT. 4 Enhanced Transmission Techniques. 4.1 Advanced functionalities in Ethernet PONs. 4.1.1 Wavelength conversion. 4.1.2 Tolerance to wavelength conversion range. 4.2 Bidirectional single fibre transmission with colourless Optical Network Unit. 4.2.1 Remodulation by using Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers. 4.2.2 Fabry Perot InjectionLocking with high bandwidth and low optical power for locking. 4.2.3 Characterization of Rayleigh Backscattering. 4.2.4 Strategies to mitigate Rayleigh Backscattering. 4.2.5 ASK-ASK configuration using time division multiplexing. 4.2.6 FSK-ASK configuration using modulation format multiplexing. 4.2.7 Subcarrier Multiplexing by electrical frequency multiplexing. 4.2.8 Rayleigh Scattering Reduction by means of Optical Frequency Dithering. 4.3 Spectral slicing. 4.4 Alternative modulation formats to NRZ ASK. 4.5 Bidirectional Very high rate DSL transmission over PON. 4.5.1 Heterodyning systems. 4.5.2 Optical frequency multiplying systems. 4.5.3 Coherent systems. 4.6 Active and remotely-pumped optical amplification. 4.6.1 Burst traffic. 4.6.2 Raman amplification in Ethernet PONs. 4.6.3 Remote powering. 4.7 Variable splitter, variable multiplexer. 5 Network Protection. 5.1 Definitions. 5.2 Protection schemes. 5.2.1 Standard schemes. 5.2.2 Novel schemes. 5.3 Reliability performance evaluation. 5.3.1 Reliability requirements and reliability data. 5.3.2 Reliability models. 5.3.3 Results. 5.3.4 Power supply. 5.4 Conclusions. 6 Traffic Studies. 6.1 Dynamic Bandwith Allocation, QoS and priorization in TDMA PONs. 6.1.1 Implementation of a Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation mechanism. 6.1.2 Definition and state of art. 6.1.3 Migration toward a dynamic bandwidth allocated BPON and selection criteria. 6.2 WDMA\/TDMA Medium Access Control. 6.2.1 Access Protocol for Arrayed Waveguide Grating based TDMA\/WDMA PONs for Metropolitan Area Networks. 6.2.2 Geographical Bandwidth Allocation. 6.3 Access Protocols for WDM Rings with QoS Support. 6.3.1 Analytical Model. 6.3.2 Numerical Results. 6.3.3 Access Protocol Supporting QoS Differentiated Services. 6.3.4 Performance Study. 6.3.5 Summary. 6.4 Efficient Support for Multicast and Peer-to-peer traffic. 6.4.1 Multicast Traffic.6.4.2 Peer-to-Peer Traffic. 7 Metro-Access Convergence.","brand":"Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407828623703,"sku":"9781402084690","price":85.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"thz-communications-paving-the-way-towards-wireless-tbps-9783030737375","title":"THz Communications: Paving the Way Towards","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book describes the fundamentals of THz communications, spanning the whole range of applications, propagation and channel models, RF transceiver technology, antennas, baseband techniques, and networking interfaces. The requested data rate in wireless communications will soon reach from 100 Gbit\/s up to 1 Tbps necessitating systems with ultra-high bandwidths of several 10s of GHz which are available only above 200 GHz. In the last decade, research at these frequency bands has made significant progress, enabling mature experimental demonstrations of so-called THz communications, which are thus expected to play a vital role in future wireless networks. In addition to chapters by leading experts on the theory, modeling, and implementation of THz communication technology, the book also features the latest experimental results and addresses standardization and regulatory aspects.  This book will be of interest to both academic researchers and engineers in the telecommunications industry. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“Since THz science is multidisciplinary field based on photonics and electronics, this book is addressed to a large audience as an updated account for TBs wireless communications.” (Mircea Dragoman, optica-opn.org, May 5, 2022)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 1 Introduction to THz Communications \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePropagation and Channel Modelling 1: Channel Measurement Techniques (33pages)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 2 Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy (TDS)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 3 Measurements with Modulated Signals\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 4 Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 5 Correlation based Channel Sounding\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePropagation and Channel Modelling 2: Basic Propagation Phenomena\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 6 Free Space Loss and Atmospheric Effects\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 7 Reflection, Scattering and Transmission (incl. material parameters)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 8 Diffraction and Blockage\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 9 Interference and Noise\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePropagation and Channel Modelling 3:  Modelling and Measurements in Complex Environments\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 10  Indoor Environments\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e              \u003c\/p\u003eChapter 11  Intra-Device and Close-Proximity\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 12 Backhaul\/Fronthaul Outdoor links\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003ci\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 13 Smart Rail Mobility\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 14 Data Centers\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 15 Vehicular Environments\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 16 Stochastic Channel Models\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart IV\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAntenna Concepts and Realization\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 17 High-Gain Antennas\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 18 Antenna Arrays for beam forming\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 19 Algorithms for Multiple Antennas\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart V\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTransceiver Technologies 1:  Silicon-based Electronics\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 20  SiGe HBT\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 21  Si-CMOS \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart VI\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTransceiver Technologies 2:  III-V based Electronics (36 pages)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 22  III-V HBT \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 23   III-V HEMT\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 24  Resonat Tunelling Diode\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 25  Plasma-wave device\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart VII\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTransceiver Technologies 3: Photonics\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 26 Photonics-based transmitters and receivers\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart VIII\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTransceiver Technologies 4: Vacuum Electronic Devices\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 27 Vacuum Electronic Devices\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart IX\u003c\/p\u003eBaseband Processing and Networking Interface\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 28 Highspeed A\/D and D\/A\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 29 Modulation Formats\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 30 Forward Error Correction at ultra-high data rates\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 31 MAC and Networking\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart X (82 pages)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDemonstrators and Experiments\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 32 Real100G\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 33 TERAPAN - A 300 GHz Fixed Wireless Link Based on InGaAs Transmit-Receive MMICs\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 34 ThoR \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 35 TERRANOVA\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 36 Ultrawave\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 38  Terapod\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 39 iBrOW\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003eChapter 40 120-GHz-band project\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 41 300-GHz-band InP IC project\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 42 300-GHz-band Si-CMOS project\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 43 Fully Electronic Generation and Detection of THz Picosecond Pulses and Their Applications\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 44 RTD transceiver project\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e    \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 45 Photonics-aided 300-500 GHz wireless communications beyond 300 GHz\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 46 Ultrabroadband Networking Systems testbed at Northeastern University\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 47 Photonics-based project at IEMN\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 48 Opto-electronic generation of high-speed T-wave signals and their reception with a Kramers-Kronig receiver\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e      \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 49 300-GHz-band photonics-based link at ETRI\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e      \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 50 Brown University text bed\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 51 Activity at New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart XI\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStandardisation and Regulation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 52 IEEE Std. 802.15.3d-2017\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 53 Spectrum for THz Communications\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 54 Outlook on Standardisation and Regulation\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415633142103,"sku":"9783030737375","price":104.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030737375.jpg?v=1730527590"},{"product_id":"springer-handbook-of-atomic-molecular-and-optical-physics-9783030738921","title":"Springer Handbook of Atomic, Molecular, and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eComprises a comprehensive reference source that unifies the entire fields of atomic molecular and optical (AMO) physics, assembling the principal ideas, techniques and results of the field. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e92 chapters written by about 120 authors present the principal ideas, techniques and results of the field, together with a guide to the primary research literature (carefully edited to ensure a uniform coverage and style, with extensive cross-references).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlong with a summary of key ideas, techniques, and results, many chapters offer diagrams of apparatus, graphs, and tables of data. From atomic spectroscopy to applications in comets, one finds contributions from over 100 authors, all leaders in their respective disciplines. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubstantially updated and expanded since the original 1996 edition, it now contains several entirely new chapters covering current areas of great research interest that barely existed in 1996, such as Bose-Einstein condensation, quantum information, and cosmological variations of the fundamental constants. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA fully-searchable CD- ROM version of the contents accompanies the handbook.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49415633240407,"sku":"9783030738921","price":265.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030738921.jpg?v=1730527590"},{"product_id":"oberflachenbehandlung-mit-laserstrahlung-9783540632245","title":"Oberflächenbehandlung mit Laserstrahlung","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDas Buch beschäftigt sich mit den Grundlagen des Lasereinsatzes zum Veredeln von Metalloberflächen und liefert ein tiefes Verständnis der Zusammenhänge. Die Beiarbeitungsvorgänge in der festen und flüssigen Phase sowie das Rapid Prototyping werden anhand von Beispielen erläutert. Zur Wärmeleitung sind Diagramme enthalten, die ein schnelles Abschätzen ermöglichen und komplizierte Rechnungen überflüssig machen. Die erforderlichen Anlagen und Systemtechnik werden erläutert. Das Buch orientiert sich am Einsatz von Hochleistungs-CO2- und Nd:YAG-Lasern.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1 Einleitung.- 2 Prinzip der Oberflächenbehandlung durch Laserstrahlung.- 2.1 Das Verfahrensprinzip.- 2.2 Laserstrahlquellen.- 2.3 Bearbeitungsanlagen.- 3 Allgemeine Grundlagen.- 3.1 Strahlausbreitung und Strahlformung.- 3.1.1 Strahlausbreitung.- 3.1.2 Strahlfokussierung.- 3.1.3 Strahlformungsoptiken.- 3.2 Strahlungsabsorption.- 3.2.1 Absorption an Metalloberflächen.- 3.2.2 Absorption an Deckschichten.- 3.3 Wärmeleitung.- 3.3.1 Verschiedene Wärmequellen.- 3.3.2 Diagramme zur Wärmeleitung.- 4 Bearbeitung in der festen Phase.- 4.1 Umwandlungshärten.- 4.1.1 Das Verf ahrensprinzip.- 4.1.2 Umwandlungskinetik von Eisenwerkstoffen.- 4.1.3 Eigenspannungen.- 4.1.4 Beispiele zum Umwandlungshärten.- 4.2 Rekristallisieren.- 4.2.1 Das Verfahrensprinzip.- 4.2.2 Anwendungsbeispiel.- 4.3 Umformen mit Laserstrahlung.- 4.3.1 DIN-Einordnung.- 4.3.2 Das Verfahrensprinzip.- 4.3.2.1 Umformung ohne elastische Vorspannung.- 4.3.3.2 Umformung mit elastischer Vorspannung.- 4.3.3 Prozeßführung beim Umformen mit Laserstrahlung.- 4.3.4 Ergebnisse des Umformprozesses.- 4.3.4.1 Oberflächenqualität.- 4.4 Behandlung von Elektroblech.- 4.4.1 Das Verfahrensprinzip.- 4.4.2 Anwendungsbeispiel.- 5 Berbeitung in der flüssigen Phase.- 5.1 Umschmelzen.- 5.1.1 Das Verfahren.- 5.1.2 Schmelzbewegung.- 5.1.3 Schutzgase.- 5.1.4 Anwendungsbeispiele.- 5.2 Legieren.- 5.2.1 Das Verfahren.- 5.2.2 Materialzufuhr.- 5.2.3 Anwendungsbeispiele.- 5.3 Dispergieren.- 5.3.1 Das Verfahren.- 5.3.2 Anwendungsbeispiele.- 5.4 Beschichten.- 5.4.1 Das Verfahren.- 5.4.2 Anwendungsbeispiele.- 6 Rapid-Prototyping.- 6.1 Prototypen aus nichtmetallischen Werkstoffen.- 6.1.1 Stereolithographie (SL).- 6.1.2 Selektives Lasersintern (SLS).- 6.1.3 Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM).- 6.1.4 Nicht lasergestützte RP-Verfahren.- 6.1.4.1 Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM).- 6.1.4.2 Solid Ground Curing (SGC).- 6.2 Prototypen aus metallischen Werkstoffen-Rapid Metal Prototyping.- 6.2.1 Konventionelle Verfahren.- 6.2.2 Abform- und Folgeprozesse.- 6.2.3 Direkte Erzeugung metallischer Prototypen.- 6.2.3.1 Selektives Lasersintern (SLS).- 6.2.3.2 Laserstrahlgenerieren (LG).- 6.2.3.3 Weitere Verfahren.- 6.3 Umwandlung von 3D-CAD-Daten in Maschinendatensätze.- 6.3.1 Generierung von 3D-CAD-Daten.- 6.3.2 Datenaufbereitung.- 6.4 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick.- Anhang A Stereolithographie.- Anhang B Laserstrahlgenerieren.- Nomenklatur.- Sachwortverzeichnis.","brand":"Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH \u0026 Co. KG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49419503894871,"sku":"9783540632245","price":151.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"integrated-ring-resonators-the-compendium-9783540687863","title":"Integrated Ring Resonators: The Compendium","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe optical filter is resonator based. The required passband shape of ring resonator-filters can be custom designed by the use of configurations of various ring coupled resonators. This book describes the current state-of-the-art on these devices. It provides an in-depth knowledge of the simulation, fabrication and characterization of ring resonators for use as example filters, lasers, sensors.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRing Resonators: Theory and Modeling.- Materials, Fabrication, and Characterization Methods.- Building Blocks of Ring Resonator Devices.- Devices.- Whispering Gallery Mode Devices.- Outlook.","brand":"Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH \u0026 Co. KG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49419504779607,"sku":"9783540687863","price":142.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"springer-handbook-of-lasers-and-optics-9783642194085","title":"Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis new edition features numerous updates and additions. Especially 4 new chapters on Fiber Optics, Integrated Optics, Frequency Combs and Interferometry reflect the changes since the first edition.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addition, major complete updates for the chapters: Optical Materials and Their Properties, Optical Detectors, Nanooptics, and Optics far Beyond the Diffraction Limit. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFeatures\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003eContains over 1000 two-color illustrations. \u003cbr\u003eIncludes over 120 comprehensive tables with properties of optical materials and light sources. \u003cbr\u003eEmphasizes physical concepts over extensive mathematical derivations. \u003cbr\u003eChapters with summaries, detailed index\u003cbr\u003eDelivers a wealth of up-to-date references.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom the reviews of the second edition:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Frank Träger has assembled a veritable who’s who of laser researchers … . In short, go out and buy this book; it is an excellent desk reference for researchers and research students. Undergraduates will find much to interest them, especially those contemplating entering the field. My only problem is where to hide my copy before my students think it should be on their shelf!\" (Barry Luther-Davies, Australian Physics, Vol. 44 (4), 2007)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"This weighty work is intended to offer comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the wide fields of optics and lasers. … Overall text is clear, well written and accompanied by appropriate tables and diagrams. … The book’s content emphasis is very much on material suitable for the optical practitioner. … a worthy addition to stock for any library supporting physics at a university or specialist level.\" (Gareth J. Johnson, Reference Reviews, Vol. 22 (2), 2008)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“I recommend this modern, comprehensive handbook to students, educators, engineers and scientists. The chapters are clearly written and include sophisticated illustrations that augment the text. The tables of data are also exemplary. The authors strike a good balance between the theory and implementation. The reader will appreciate the explanations of both the detailed mathematics and the physical aspects of the concepts. Each chapter contains pertinent references and an index.” (Barry R. Masters, Optics \u0026amp; Photonics News, November, 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword by T.W. Hänsch\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart A Basic Principles and Materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eChap. 1 Properties of Light\u003cbr\u003eChap. 2 Geometrical Optics\u003cbr\u003eChap. 3 Wave Optics\u003cbr\u003eChap. 4 Nonlinear Optics, Frequency Conversion and Attophysics\u003cbr\u003eChap. 5 Optical Materials and Their Properties\u003cbr\u003eChap. 6 Thin Films\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart B Fabrication and Properties of Optical Components\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eChap. 7 Optical Design and Design Software\u003cbr\u003eChap. 8 Advanced Optical Components\u003cbr\u003eChap. 9 Optical Detectors\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart C Coherent and Incoherent Light Sources\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eChap. 10 Incoherent Light Sources\u003cbr\u003eChap. 11 Lasers and Coherent Light Sources\u003cbr\u003eChap. 12 Short and Ultrashort Laser Pulses\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart D Selected Applications and Special Fields\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eChap. 13 Optical and Spectroscopic Techniques\u003cbr\u003eChap. 14 Fiber Optics\u003cbr\u003eChap. 15 Integrated Optics\u003cbr\u003eChap. 16 Interferometry\u003cbr\u003eChap. 17 Frequency Combs\u003cbr\u003eChap. 18 Quantum Optics\u003cbr\u003eChap. 19 Nanooptics\u003cbr\u003eChap. 20 Optics far Beyond the Diffraction Limit\u003cbr\u003eChap. 21 Terahertz Photonics and Applications\u003cbr\u003eChap. 22 X-Ray Optics\u003cbr\u003eChap. 23 Atmospheric Optics\u003cbr\u003eChap. 24 Holography and Optical Data Storage\u003cbr\u003eChap. 25 Laser Safety\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAcknowledgements.- About the Authors.- Subject Index\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH \u0026 Co. KG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49420031361367,"sku":"9783642194085","price":265.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783642194085.jpg?v=1730540537"},{"product_id":"laser-heat-mode-lithography-principle-and-methods-9789811509421","title":"Laser Heat-Mode Lithography: Principle and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book provides a systematic description and analysis of laser heat-mode lithography, addressing the basic principles, lithography system, manipulation of feature size, grayscale lithography, resist thin films, and pattern transfer, while also presenting typical experimental results and applications. It introduces laser heat-mode lithography, where the resist thin films are essentially an opto-thermal response to the laser beam with changeable wavelength and are not sensitive to laser wavelength. Laser heat-mode lithography techniques greatly simplify production procedures because they require neither a particular light source nor a particular environment; further, there are no pre-baking and post-baking steps required for organic photoresists. The pattern feature size can be either larger or smaller than the laser spot by adjusting the writing strategy. The lithographic feature size can also be arbitrarily tuned from nanoscale to micrometer without changing the laser spot size. Lastly, the line edge roughness can be controlled at a very low value because the etching process is a process of breaking bonds among atoms. The book offers an invaluable reference guide for all advanced undergraduates, graduate students, researchers and engineers working in the fields of nanofabrication, lithography techniques and systems, phase change materials, etc.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eCurrent status of lithography.- Principles of laser heat-mode lithography and thermal diffusion.- Laser heat-mode maskless lithography system.- Manipulation of thermal diffusion channels.- Laser heat-mode nanolithography on phase-change thin films.- Direct laser heat-mode nanopatterning on metallo-organic compound thin films.- Laser heat-mode patterning of transparent thin films.- Laser heat-mode grayscale image lithography.- Patterns transfer processes and applications.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Verlag, Singapore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49427820577111,"sku":"9789811509421","price":80.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789811509421.jpg?v=1730565789"},{"product_id":"laser-experiments-for-chemistry-and-physics-second-edition-9780198900832","title":"Laser Experiments for Chemistry and Physics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49881547833687,"sku":"9780198900832","price":37.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198900832.jpg?v=1737826607"},{"product_id":"microwave-photonics-from-components-to-applications-and-systems-9781402073625","title":"Microwave Photonics From Components to","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis cross-disciplinary title features contributions by key-note specialists from Europe, Israel and the United States. It deals with the rapidly growing area of microwave photonics, and includes an extended study of the interactions between optical signals and microwave and millimetre-wave electrical signals for broadband applications. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface. Acknowledgements. General introduction.  1: Microwave photonics components. 1. Introduction. 2. Fast lasers sources. 2.1. Fast lasers sources; F. Deborgies. 2.2. Tunable\/selectable sources; F. Brillouet. 2.3. Transverse mode, patterns and polarization behavior in VCSELs; J.G. McInerney. 2.4. Mode locked microchip lasers for the generation of low noise millimeter wave carriers; P.R. Herczfeld. 3. Semiconductors optical amplifiers; J.C. Simon. 4. Fast Modulators. 4.1. Fast modulators; M. Varasi. 4.2. Electroabsorption modulators and photo-oscillators for conversion of optics to millimeterwaves; C. Minot. 5. High speed photodetection. 5.1. Microwave optical interaction devices; D. Jager. 5.2. The GaAs MESFET as an optical detector; A. Madjar, et al. 5.3. HBT phototransistors as an optic\/millimetre-wave converter. Part I: The device 100; C. Gonzalez. 5.4. HBT phototransistor as an optical millimeter wave converter. Part II: Simulation; C. Rumelhard, et al. 6. References.  2: Electronics for optics: integrated circuits. 1. Introduction. 2. Electronics for optics: introduction to MMICs; I. Darwazeh. 3. High speed ICs for optoelectronic modules; R. Lefevre. 4. High efficiency optical transmitter and receiver modules using integrated MMIC impedance matching and low noise 50.0 amplifier; M. Schaller, et al. 5. References.  3: Modeling methods for optoelectronics. 1. Introduction. 2. Foundations for integrated optics modeling; I. Montrosset, G. Perrone. 3. Tools for microwave-optic co-simulation; D. Breuer, et al. 4. The TLM method - Application to the microwaves and optics; F. Ndagijimana, et al. 5. References.  4 : Microwave - photonics systems. 1. Introduction. 2. Microwave optical links. 2.1. Analog optical links: models, measures and limits of performances; C.H. Cox, III. 2.2. Optoelectronic and optical devices for applications to microwave systems; P. Richin, D. Mongardien. 3. Telecommunication systems. 3.1. Microwave and millimeter-wave photonics for telecommunications; D. Wake. 3.2. Fibre supported MM-wave systems; P. Lane. 3.3. Optics and microwaves in telecommunications networks, today and in the future; M. Joindot. 4. Wireless systems; J.F. Cadiou, et al. 4.2. Broadband access networks: the opportunities of wireless; G. Kalbe. 5. Antenna - Beam fonning. 5.1. Planar antenna technology for microwave-optical interactions; Y. Qian, et al. 5.2. Antenna applications of RF photonics; J.J. Lee. 5.3. Microwave\/photonic feed networks for phased array antenna systems; R.A. Sparks. 5.4. Photonics and phased array antennas; J. Chazelas, D. Dolfi. 6. Phase noise degradation in nonlinear fiber optic links distribution networks for communication satellites; A.S. Daryoush. 7. References.  5: All optical processing of microwave functions. 1. Introduction. 2. Photonic base microwave functions. 2.1. Microwave","brand":"Springer Us","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50015012782423,"sku":"9781402073625","price":224.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781402073625.jpg?v=1739907719"},{"product_id":"iii-nitride-based-light-emitting-diodes-and-applications-9789400758629","title":"III-Nitride Based Light Emitting Diodes and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLight emitting diodes (LEDs) are already used in traffic signals, signage lighting, and automotive applications. However, its ultimate goal is to replace traditional illumination through LED lamps since LED lighting significantly reduces energy consumption and cuts down on carbon-dioxide emission. Despite dramatic advances in LED technologies (e.g., growth, doping and processing technologies), however, there remain critical issues for further improvements yet to be achieved for the realization of solid-state lighting. This book aims to provide the readers with some contemporary LED issues, which have not been comprehensively discussed in the published books and, on which the performance of LEDs is seriously dependent. For example, most importantly, there must be a breakthrough in the growth of high-quality nitride semiconductor epitaxial layers with a low density of dislocations, in particular, in the growth of Al-rich and and In-rich GaN-based semiconductors. The materials quality is directly dependent on the substrates used, such as sapphire, Si, etc. In addition, efficiency droop, growth on different orientations and polarization are also important. Chip processing and packaging technologies are key issues. This book presents a comprehensive review of contemporary LED issues. Given the interest and importance of future research in nitride semiconducting materials and solid state lighting applications, the contents are very timely. The book is composed of chapters written by leading researchers in III-nitride semiconducting materials and device technology. This book will be of interest to scientists and engineers working on LEDs for lighting applications. Postgraduate researchers working on LEDs will also benefit from the issues this book provides.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e1: Introduction Part A. Progress and prospect of growth of wide-band-gap III-nitrides; \u003ci\u003eHiroshi Amano\u003c\/i\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2: Introduction Part B. Ultra-efficient solid-state lighting: likely characteristics, economic benefits, technological approaches; \u003ci\u003eJeff Y. Tsao\u003c\/i\u003e,\u003ci\u003e et al.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3: Epitaxy Part A. LEDs Based on Heteroepitaxial GaN on Si Substrates; \u003ci\u003eTakashi Egawa and\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003eOsamu Oda\u003c\/i\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4: Epitaxy Part B. Epitaxial Growth of GaN on Patterned Sapphire Substrates; \u003ci\u003eKazuyuki Tadatomo.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5: Growth and optical properties of GaN-based non- and semipolar LEDs; \u003ci\u003eMichael Kneissl\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003eet al.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6: Active region Part A. Internal Quantum Efficiency in Light Emitting Diodes; \u003ci\u003eElison Matioli and Claude Weisbuch\u003c\/i\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7: Active region Part B. Internal Quantum Efficiency; \u003ci\u003eJong-In Shim.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8: Electrical properties, reliability issues, and ESD robustness of InGaN-based LEDs; \u003ci\u003eMatteo Meneghini\u003c\/i\u003e,\u003ci\u003e et al. \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9: Light extraction efficiency Part A. Ray Tracing for Light Extraction Efficiency (LEE) Modeling in Nitride LEDs; \u003ci\u003eC. Lalau Keraly, et al. \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e10: Light extraction efficiency Part B. Light Extraction of High Efficient Light-Emitting Diodes; \u003ci\u003eJa-Yeon Kim,\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003eet al.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11: Packaging. Phosphors and white LED packaging; \u003ci\u003eRong-Jun Xie and Naoto Hirosaki.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12: High voltage LED; \u003ci\u003eWen-Yung Yeh\u003c\/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eet al\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13: Color Quality of White LEDs; \u003ci\u003eYoshi Ohno.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e14: Emerging System Level Applications for LED Technology; \u003ci\u003eRobert F. Karlicek, Jr.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50473223848279,"sku":"9789400758629","price":85.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"high-efficient-low-cost-photovoltaics-recent-developments-9783030228668","title":"High-Efficient Low-Cost Photovoltaics: Recent","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book offers a bird’s-eye view of the recent development trends in photovoltaics – a big business field that is rapidly growing and well on its way to maturity. The book describes current efforts to develop highly efficient, low-cost photovoltaic devices based on crystalline silicon, III–V compounds, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and perovskite photovoltaic cells along with innovative, cost-competitive glass\/ flexible tubular glass concentrator modules and systems, highlighting recent attempts to develop highly efficient, low-cost, flexible photovoltaic cells based on CIGS and perovskite thin films. This second edition presents, for the first time, the possible applications of perovskite modules together with Augsburger Tubular photovoltaics.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface.- Milestones of Solar Conversion and Photovoltaics.- PV as a Major Contribution of the 100% Renewably Powered World.- Advanced Solar Grade Silicon Material.- Commercial High Efficient Silicon Solar Cells.- Silicon Nitride and  Aluminum Oxide: Two Multifunctional Dielectric Layers are Boosting Present and Future Silicon Solar Cells.- PERC Solar Cells - Monofacial and Bifacial.- Industrial PERC Solar Cells.- III-V  SolarCells and Concentrator Arrays.- CIGS Thin Film Photovoltaic – Approaches and Challenges.- Perovskite PV: Rigid and Flexible High Efficient Low Cost Cells and Modules.- Augsburger Tubular PV.- Fluorescent Solar Energy Concentrators: Principle and Present State of Development.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51021116670295,"sku":"9783030228668","price":113.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"a-beginner-s-guide-to-lasers-and-their-applications-part-1-insights-into-laser-science-9783031243295","title":"A Beginner’s Guide to Lasers and Their","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis two-volume book provides an enriching insight into the laser, covering different types of lasers, the basic science behind the technology, their role at the cutting-edge of current scientific research, and their wide-ranging applications. With just high school physics as a prerequisite and favoring qualitative yet scientifically sound explanations over high-level mathematics, this book is aimed at a broad spectrum of readers in physics, chemistry, engineering, medicine, and biology. Its engaging and lucid presentation is enhanced with plenty of illustrations, making the world of the laser accessible to undergraduate students in the sciences and any other inquisitive readers with high school physics under their belts. Furthermore, the text is often laced with anecdotes, picked from history, that are bound to pique the minds of the readers. It is ideal for self-study or as a complement to courses on optics and optoelectronics. \u003cbr\u003eThis volume, Part 1 of 2, explains the fundamentals of optics, what a laser is, how it works, and what is unique about the light it emits, from fundamental quantum theory through population inversion and cavity to common laser types. \u003cbr\u003eIt is followed by Part 2 which depicts the many advances in science enabled by the laser, including spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, optical cooling and trapping, and optical tweezers, among many others, and provides a glimpse into the ways that the laser affects our lives via its uses in medicine, manufacturing, the nuclear industry, energy, defence, communication, ranging, pollution monitoring, art conservation, fashion, beauty, and entertainment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of contents:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ePART I:\u003ci\u003e Laser: An Insight\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCHAPTER 1.\u003ci\u003e  Introduction  \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCHAPTER 2.\u003ci\u003e Classical Optics: A general Overview\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCHAPTER 3. \u003ci\u003eBohr’s Atomic Theory: Energy Quantization\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCHAPTER 4.\u003ci\u003e Laser: At a Glance\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCHAPTER 5.\u003ci\u003e Population Inversion and Lasing Medium\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCHAPTER 6.\u003ci\u003e Laser Resonator: Role on the Emission Features\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCHAPTER 7.\u003ci\u003e Broadening of Gain and Its Bearing on the Laser Subtleties  \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCHAPTER 8.\u003ci\u003e Boosting the Performance of a Pulsed Laser:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCHAPTER 9. \u003ci\u003eSome Common Lasers    \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51021130596695,"sku":"9783031243295","price":30.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783031243295.jpg?v=1750785249"},{"product_id":"additive-manufacturing-9781501520235","title":"Additive Manufacturing","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"deGruyter Boston","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51040889864535,"sku":"9781501520235","price":67.95,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"additive-manufacturing-of-metals-from-fundamental-technology-to-rocket-nozzles-medical-implants-and-custom-jewelry-9783319582047","title":"Additive Manufacturing of Metals: From","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis engaging volume presents the exciting new technology of additive manufacturing (AM) of metal objects for a broad audience of academic and industry researchers, manufacturing professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, hobbyists, and artists. Innovative applications ranging from rocket nozzles to custom jewelry to medical implants illustrate a new world of freedom in design and fabrication, creating objects otherwise not possible by conventional means.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe author describes the various methods and advanced metals used to create high value components, enabling readers to choose which process is best for them. Of particular interest is how harnessing the power of lasers, electron beams, and electric arcs, as directed by advanced computer models, robots, and 3D printing systems, can create otherwise unattainable objects.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA timeline depicting the evolution of metalworking, accelerated by the computer and information age, ties AM metal technology to the rapid evolution of global technology trends. Charts, diagrams, and illustrations complement the text to describe the diverse set of technologies brought together in the AM processing of metal. Extensive listing of terms, definitions, and acronyms provides the reader with a quick reference guide to the language of AM metal processing. The book directs the reader to a wealth of internet sites providing further reading and resources, such as vendors and service providers, to jump start those interested in taking the first steps to establishing AM metal capability on whatever scale. The appendix provides hands-on example exercises for those ready to engage in experiential self-directed learning.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“This book is dedicated to the special aspects valid for metals. … The fresh writing style, sometimes more like a storyteller, makes reading these many facts quite easy and understandable. … The interested reader can get a Jot of information about the topics one should deal with when working with additively manufactured metallic parts. lt gives a general roadmap where to start, what to learn and how it fits together.” (Ralph Bäßler, Materials and Corrosion, Vol. 69 (12), December, 2018)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“This book … covers subjects from fundamental technology to rocket nozzles, medical implants, and custom jewelry. The author shares a multitude of useful footnotes and pages of references at the end. Also included are practical appendices for users. … I can heartedly recommend this book as a valuable reference and a good read for all interested in additive manufacturing.” (David Belforte, Industrial Laser Solutions For Manufacturing, industrial-lasers.com, November, 2017)\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface.- Chapter 1: Envision. 1.1 Evolution of Metalworking.- 1.2 Advent of Computers.- Chapter 2: Additive Manufacturing Metal, The Art of the Possible. 2.1 AM Destinations: Novel Applications and Designs. 2.2 Artistic.- Chapter 3: On the Road to AM. 3.1 You are Here.- 3.2 AM Vehicles, the machines to take you there.- Chapter 4: Understanding Metal for Additive Manufacturing. 4.1 Structure. 4.2 Physical Properties.- Chapter 5: Lasers, Electron Beams, Plasma Arcs.- 5.1 The Molten Pool.- 5.2 Lasers.- Chapter 6: Computers, Solid Models and Robots.- 6.1 Computer Aided Design.- 6.2 Computer Aided Engineering.- Chapter 7: Origins of 3D Metal Printing.- 7.1 Plastic Prototyping and 3D Printing.- 7.2 Weld Cladding and 3D Weld Metal Buildup.- Chapter 8: Current System Configurations.- 8.1 Laser Powder Bed Fusion Systems.- 8.2 Laser Directed Energy Deposition Systems.- Chapter 9: Inspiration to 3D Design.- 9.1 Inspired Design.- 9.2 Elements of Design.- Chapter 10: Process Development.- 10.1 Parameter Selection.- 10.2 Parameter Optimization.- Chapter 11: Building, Post Processing and Inspecting.- 11.1 Building the Part.- 11.2 Post Processing and Finishing.- Chapter 12: Trends in Government, Industry, Research, Business.- 12.1 Government and Community.- 12.2 University and Corporate Research.- Acknowledgements.- Professional Society and Organization Links.- Terms and AM Jargon.- Acronyms.- References.- AM Machine and Service Resource Links.- About the Author.- Appendices.","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51043865395543,"sku":"9783319582047","price":63.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783319582047.jpg?v=1750959755"},{"product_id":"optics-light-and-lasers-the-practical-approach-to-modern-aspects-of-photonics-and-laser-physics-9783527413317","title":"Optics, Light and Lasers: The Practical Approach","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis new, updated and enlarged edition of the successful and exceptionally well-structured textbook features new chapters on such hot topics as optical angular momentum, microscopy beyond the resolution limit, metamaterials, femtocombs, and quantum cascade lasers. It provides comprehensive and coherent coverage of fundamental optics, laser physics, and important modern applications, while equally including some traditional aspects for the first time, such as the Collins integral or solid immersion lenses. \u003cbr\u003e Written for newcomers to the topic who will benefit from the author's ability to explain difficult theories and effects in a straightforward and readily comprehensible way.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Light Rays 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Light Rays in Human Experience 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Ray Optics 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Reflection 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Refraction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Fermat’s Principle: The Optical Path Length 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Prisms 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Light Rays in Wave Guides 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Lenses and Curved Mirrors 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Matrix Optics 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Ray Optics and Particle Optics 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Wave Optics 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Electromagnetic Radiation Fields 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Wave Types 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Gaussian Beams 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Vector Light: Polarization 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Optomechanics: Mechanical Action of Light Beams 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Diffraction 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Fraunhofer Diffraction 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Fresnel Diffraction 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Beyond Gaussian Beams: Diffraction Integral and ABCD Formalism 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Light Propagation in Matter: Interfaces, Dispersion, and Birefringence 83\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Dielectric Interfaces 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Interfaces of Conducting Materials 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Light Pulses in Dispersive Materials 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Anisotropic Optical Materials 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Optical Modulators 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Light Propagation in Structured Matter 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Optical Wave Guides and Fibers 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Dielectric Photonic Materials 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Metamaterials 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Optical Images 149\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Simple Lenses 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The Human Eye 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Magnifying Glass and Eyepiece 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Microscopes 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Scanning Microscopy Methods 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Telescopes 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Lenses: Designs and Aberrations 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Coherence and Interferometry 181\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Young’s Double Slit 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Coherence and Correlation 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 The Double-Slit Experiment 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Michelson interferometer: longitudinal coherence 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Fabry–Pérot Interferometer 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Optical Cavities 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Thin Optical Films 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Holography 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Laser Speckle (Laser Granulation) 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Light and Matter 219\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Classical Radiation Interaction 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Two-Level Atoms 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Stimulated and Spontaneous Radiation Processes 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Inversion and Amplification 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 The Laser 249\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 The Classic System: The He–Ne Laser 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Other Gas Lasers 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 The Workhorses: Solid-State Lasers 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Selected Solid-State Lasers 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Tunable Lasers with Vibronic States 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Tunable Ring Lasers 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Laser Dynamics 285\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Basic Laser Theory 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Laser Rate Equations 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Threshold-Less Lasers and Micro-lasers 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Laser Noise 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Pulsed Lasers 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Semiconductor Lasers 319\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Semiconductors 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Optical Properties of Semiconductors 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The Heterostructure Laser 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Dynamic Properties of Semiconductor Lasers 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Laser Diodes, Diode Lasers, and Laser Systems 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 High-Power Laser Diodes 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Sensors for Light 353\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Characteristics of Optical Detectors 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Fluctuating Optoelectronic Quantities 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Photon Noise and Detectivity Limits 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Thermal Detectors 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Quantum Sensors I: Photomultiplier Tubes 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Quantum Sensors II: Semiconductor Sensors 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Position and Image Sensors 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Laser Spectroscopy and Laser Cooling 379\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Absorption and Dispersion 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 The Width of Spectral Lines 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Doppler-Free Spectroscopy 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Light Forces 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Coherent Light–Matter Interaction 407\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Weak Coupling and Strong Coupling 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Transient Phenomena 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Photons: An Introduction to Quantum Optics 417\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Does Light Exhibit Quantum Character? 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Quantization of the Electromagnetic Field 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Spontaneous Emission 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Resonance Fluorescence 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Light Fields in Quantum Optics 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Two-Photon Optics 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Entangled Photons 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Nonlinear Optics I: Optical Mixing Processes 457\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Charged Anharmonic Oscillators 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Second-Order Nonlinear Susceptibility 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Wave Propagation in Nonlinear Media 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Frequency Doubling 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Sum and Difference Frequency 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Optical Parametric Oscillators 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProblems 482\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 Nonlinear Optics II: Four-Wave Mixing 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Frequency Tripling in Gases 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Nonlinear Refraction Coefficient (Optical Kerr Effect) 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Self-Phase Modulation 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Mathematics for Optics 497\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Spectral Analysis of Fluctuating Measurable Quantities 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Time Averaging Formula 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1 Temporal Evolution of a Two-State System 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2 Density Matrix Formalism 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3 Density of States 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 519\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51044079108439,"sku":"9783527413317","price":66.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783527413317.jpg?v=1750960478"},{"product_id":"photo-excited-charge-collection-spectroscopy-probing-the-traps-in-field-effect-transistors-9789400763913","title":"Photo-Excited Charge Collection Spectroscopy:","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eSolid state field-effect devices such as organic and inorganic-channel thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been expected to promote advances in display and sensor electronics. The operational stabilities of such TFTs are thus important, strongly depending on the nature and density of charge traps present at the channel\/dielectric interface or in the thin-film channel itself. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book contains how to characterize these traps, starting from the device physics of field-effect transistor (FET). Unlike conventional analysis techniques which are away from well-resolving spectral results, newly-introduced photo-excited charge-collection spectroscopy (PECCS) utilizes the photo-induced threshold voltage response from any type of working transistor devices with organic-, inorganic-, and even nano-channels, directly probing on the traps. So, our technique PECCS has been discussed through more than ten refereed-journal papers in the fields of device electronics, applied physics, applied chemistry, nano-devices and materials science, finally finding a need to be summarized with several chapters in a short book. Device physics and instrumentations of PECCS are well addressed respectively, in the first and second chapters, for the next chapters addressing real applications to organic, oxide, and nanostructured FETs. This book would provide benefits since its contents are not only educational and basic principle-supportive but also applicable and in-house operational.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 1. Device Stability and Photo-Excited Charge-Collection Spectroscopy. \u003cbr\u003e1.1. Thin-film transistor architectures for photon probe measurements. \u003cbr\u003e1.2. Device physics and equations for thin-film transistors.\u003cbr\u003e1.3. Stability issues: Hysteresis by Gate Voltage Sweep.\u003cbr\u003e1.4. Stability issues: Bias-Temperature-Stress. \u003cbr\u003e1.5. Stability issues: Photostability.\u003cbr\u003e1.6. Stability issues: Back Channel Current.\u003cbr\u003e1.7. Importance of dielectric\/channel interface trap states.\u003cbr\u003e1.8. Previous Interface Trap measurements.\u003cbr\u003e1.9. Photo-Excited Charge-Collection Spectroscopy (PECCS).\u003cbr\u003e1.10. Chapter summary.\u003cbr\u003eReference.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 2. Instrumentations for PECCS.\u003cbr\u003e2.1. Introduction of PECCS measurements system.\u003cbr\u003e2.2. Optical System for PECCS measurement.\u003cbr\u003e2.3. Electrical measurement.\u003cbr\u003e2.4. Data processing and analysis for DOS profile.\u003cbr\u003eReference.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 3. PECCS measurements in Organic FETs.\u003cbr\u003e3.1. PECCS on small molecule-based p-channel FETs. \u003cbr\u003e3.2. PECCS on small molecule-based n-channel FETs.\u003cbr\u003e3.3. PECCS on polymer-based FETs.\u003cbr\u003e3.4. Chapter summary.\u003cbr\u003eReference.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 4. PECCS measurements in Oxide FETs.\u003cbr\u003e4.1. PECCS on ZnO based n-channel FETs.\u003cbr\u003e4.2. PECCS on amorphous InGaZnO based n-channel FETs.\u003cbr\u003e4.3. PECCS by Current-Voltage vs. Capacitance-Voltage method on amorphous Si and amorphous InGaZnOTFTs.\u003cbr\u003e4.4. PECCS to observe interface- and bulk-originated trap densities in amorphous InGaZnOTFTs.\u003cbr\u003e4.5. Chapter summary.\u003cbr\u003eReference.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 5. PECCS measurements in Nanostructure FETs.\u003cbr\u003e5.1. PECCS on ZnO nanowire-based n-channel FETs.\u003cbr\u003e5.2. PECCS measurements for the thickness-modulated bandgap of MoS2 nanosheets.\u003cbr\u003e5.3. Chapter summary.\u003cbr\u003eReference\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 6. Summary and limiting factors of PECCS.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51047156678999,"sku":"9789400763913","price":36.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789400763913.jpg?v=1750970483"},{"product_id":"von-der-laserbeschriftung-bis-zum-lasermaterialabtrag-wie-sie-sich-mit-den-grundlagen-vertraut-machen-und-fehlinvestitionen-vermeiden-9783658381295","title":"Von der Laserbeschriftung bis zum","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e​Dieses Buch begleitet Entscheider in allen Phasen der Beschaffung von Lasermaschinen. Es bietet entsprechendes Fachwissen für den Prozess von der Entscheidung bis zum Kauf einer Laser-Bearbeitungsanlage. Neben den Grundlagen der Lasertechnik betrifft das auch die Themenfelder Lasersicherheit, Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, Software sowie die Möglichkeiten einer Automatisierung des Bearbeitungsprozesses.\u003cbr\u003eAlle drei Autoren haben jahrelange Berufserfahrung im Bereich des Laser-Maschinenbaus sowie des industriellen Einsatzes der Laser-Oberflächenbearbeitung. Wegen ihres unterschiedlichen fachlichen Hintergrunds werden jedoch alle in der industriellen Praxis wichtigen Aspekte rund um die Thematik abgedeckt.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEntwicklungsgeschichte LASER.- Physikalische Grundlagen.- Das Geheimnis vom Laserstrahl.- Lasersicherheit.- Was jeder Anwender über Lasersicherheit wissen muss.- Arten der Oberflächenbearbeitung mit Laser.- Maschinenformen.- Die fünf „wichtigsten Dinge“ bei der Beschaffung.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51138539520343,"sku":"9783658381295","price":52.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783658381295.jpg?v=1751919730"},{"product_id":"quantum-photonics-9783030473273","title":"Quantum Photonics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhotonics is the discipline of electrons and photons working in tandem to create new physics, new devices and new applications. This textbook employs a pedagogical approach that facilitates access to the fundamentals of quantum photonics. Beginning with a review of the quantum properties of photons and electrons, the book then introduces the concept of their non-locality at the quantum level.  It presents a determination of electronic band structure using the pseudopotential method, enabling the student to directly compute the band structures of most group IV, group III-V, and group II-VI semiconductors. The book devotes further in-depth discussion of second quantization of the electromagnetic field that describes spontaneous and stimulated emission of photons, quantum entanglement and introduces the topic of quantum cascade lasers, showing how electrons and photons interact in a quantum environment to create a practical photonic device.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis extended second edition includes a detailed description of the link between quantum photon states and the macroscopic electric field.  It describes the particle qualities of quantum electrons via their unique operator algebra and distinguishable behavior from photons, and employs these fundamentals to describe the quantum point contact, which is the quantum analogue of a transistor and the basic building block of all nanoscopic circuits, such as electron interferometers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003ePearsall’s Quantum Photonics is supported by numerous numerical calculations that can be repeated by the reader, and every chapter features a reference list of state-of-the art research and a set of exercises. This textbook is an essential part of any graduate-level course dealing with the theory of nanophotonic devices or computational physics of solid-state quantum devices based on nanoscopic structures.\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction.- Electrons.- Photons.-  Free Electron Behaviour in Semiconductor Heterostructures.- Electronic Energy Levels in Crystalline Semiconductors.- The Harmonic Oscillator and Quantization of Electromagnetic Fields.- Entanglement and Non-locality of Quantum Photonics.- Lasers.- Quantum Cascade Lasers  - a Concerto for Quantum Photonics.- Nonlinear Optics:  Second-Harmonic Generation and Parametric Oscillation.- Coherent States – From Single Photons to Beams of Light.- Quantum Fermions.- Single Electron Building Blocks for Quantum Electron Circuits.","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51742848745815,"sku":"9783030473273","price":54.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"beam-9780199738717","title":"Beam","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBeam is the story of the race to make the laser, the three intense years from the birth of the laser idea to its breakthrough demonstration in a California laboratory. The quest was a struggle against physics, established wisdom, and the establishment itself.  In 1954, Charles Townes invented the laser''s microwave cousin, the maser. The next logical step was to extend the same physical principles to the shorter wavelengths of light, but the idea did not catch fire until October 1957, when Townes asked Gordon Gould about Gould''s research on using light to excite thallium atoms. Each took the idea and ran with it. The independent-minded Gould sought the fortune of an independent inventor; the professorial Townes sought the fame of scientific recognition. Townes enlisted the help of his brother-in-law, Arthur Schawlow, and got Bell Labs into the race. Gould turned his ideas into a patent borth ation and a million-dollar defense contract. They soon had company. Ali Javan, one of Townes''\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHecht tells the story of the several competing laboratories that were attempting in the late 1950s to use the phenomenon of simulated emisson to produce a coherent and monochromatic light source. The story is interesting in its own right, both to physicists and engineers interested in the intellectual climate of the time and to the general public as an example of excitement and competition within the scientific community. * CHOICE *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePREFACE; PROLOGUE; DRAMATIS PERSONAE; SOURCES; BIBLIOGRAPHY; INDEX","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51767069180247,"sku":"9780199738717","price":36.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"frequencyresolvedopticalgating-9781402070662","title":"frequencyresolvedopticalgating","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Dilemma.- 2. Ultrashort Laser Pulses.- 3. Nonlinear Optics.- 4. The Autocorrelation, the Spectrum, and Phase Retrieval.- 5. FROG.- 6. FROG Beam Geometries.- 7. Geometrical Issues: Single-shot FROG.- 8. The FROG Algorithm.- 9. Noise: Its Effects and Suppression.- 10. Practical Issues, Marginals, Error Checks, and Error Correction.- 11. Improvisation in FROG.- 12. Very Simple FROG Apparatus: GRENOUILLE.- 13. Ultraviolet and High-Power Pulse Measurement.- 14. FROG in the Single-Cycle Regime.- 15. FROG Characterization of Complex Pulses.- 16. XFROGCross-correlation Frequency-resolved Optical Gating.- 17. Measuring Extremely Complex Pulses.- 18. Non-instantaneous Nonlinearities.- 19. Fiber-FROG.- 20. Blind FROG.- 21. Principal Component Generalized Projections FROG Algorithm.- 22. Measuring Ultraweak Pulses: TADPOLE.- 23. Measuring Ultrafast Polarization Dynamics: POLLIWOG.- 24. Multi-pulse Interferometric FROG.- 25. The Future of Pulse Measurement.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAuthors and Contributors. Read Me! (Preface). 1. The Dilemma. 2. Ultrashort Laser Pulses. 3. Nonlinear Optics. 4. The Autocorrelation, the Spectrum and Phase Retrieval. 5. FROG. 6. FROG Beam Geometries. 7. Geometrical Issues: Single-shot FROG. 8. The FROG Algorithm. 9. Noise: Its Effects and Suppression. 10. Practical Issues, Marginals, Error Checks, and Error Correction. 11. Improvisation in FROG. 12. Very Simple FROG Apparatus: GRENOUILLE. 13. Ultraviolet and High-Power Pulse Measurement. 14. FROG in the Single-Cycle Regime. 15. FROG Characterization of Pulses with Complex Intensity and Phase. 16. XFROG - Cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating. 17. Measuring extremely complex pulses. 18. Non-instantaneous Nonlinearities. 19. Fiber-FROG. 20. Measuring Two Pulses Simultaneously: Blind FROG. 21. Principal Component Generalized Projections FROG Algorithm. 22. Measuring Ultraweak Pulses: TADPOLE. 23. Measuring Ultrafast Polarization Dynamics: POLLIWOG. 24. Multi-pulse Interferometric FROG. 25. The Future of Pulse Measurement: New Dilemmas. Index.","brand":"Springer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51769301041495,"sku":"9781402070662","price":151.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"introduction-to-thz-wave-photonics-9781441909770","title":"Introduction to THz Wave Photonics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTerahertz Radiation.- Generation and Detection of THz Waves.- THz Spectroscopy and Imaging.- THz Wave Interaction with Materials.- THz Air Photonics.- THz Wave 3D Imaging and Tomography.- THz Wave Near-Field Imaging.- THz Technology in Nondestructive Evaluation.- THz Technology in Security Checks.- THz Technology in Bio and Medical Applications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTerahertz Radiation.- Generation and Detection of THz Waves.- THz Spectroscopy and Imaging.- THz Wave Interaction with Materials.- THz Air Photonics.- THz Wave 3D Imaging and Tomography.- THz Wave Near-Field Imaging.- THz Technology in Nondestructive Evaluation.- THz Technology in Security Checks.- THz Technology in Bio and Medical Applications.","brand":"Springer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51769659228503,"sku":"9781441909770","price":123.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"planetary-nebulae-and-how-to-observe-them-9781461417811","title":"Planetary Nebulae and How to Observe Them","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePlanetary Nebulae and How to Observe Them\u003c\/i\u003e is for amateur astronomers who want to go beyond the Messier objects, concentrating on one of the most beautiful classes of astronomical objects in the sky.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlanetary nebulae are not visible to the naked eye, but they are a fascinating group of telescope objects. This guide enables a user equipped with an average-sized amateur telescope to get the best out of observing them. Topics covered include their astrophysical make-up, history of their discovery, classification and description, telescopes to use, filters, and observing techniques - in short everything anyone would need to know to successfully observe planetary nebulae.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book describes the various forms these astronomical objects can take and explains why they are favorite targets for amateur observers. Descriptions of over 100 nebulae personally observed by the author using telescopes of various sizes are included in the book. Readers can create their own obse\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom the reviews:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“This is a welcome addition to the literature … . chapters discuss the history, discovery, and evolution of planetary nebulae. … these are well written and give a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the current ideas on planetary-nebula formation. … descriptions are largely accurate and the photographs have generally reproduced well. … A useful and comprehensive list of further reading covering many aspects of planetary nebulae is included … . this is a useful guide to observing these ‘butterflies’ of the night sky … .” (Stewart Moore, The Observatory, Vol. 132 (1231), December, 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e“This book follows the standard pattern of the ‘… and how to Observe Them’ series with a brief section on the discovery of planetary nebulae followed by a section on how they form. … The book contains two chapters on observing techniques. … The book ends with a bibliography that is fairly extensive … . Planetary nebulae are some of the most popular objects that deep sky observers look for so … this is a decent first guide to observing these fascinating objects.” (Owen Brazell, Astronomy Now, August, 2012)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart 1: What are Planetary Nebulae?.- Classification and Data.- Part 2: Telescopes and Techniques.- Photography Planetary Nebulae.- Observers' Guide.","brand":"Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51769945784663,"sku":"9781461417811","price":33.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"telescopes-and-techniques-undergraduate-lecture-notes-in-physics-9781461448907","title":"Telescopes and Techniques Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book concentrates on the knowledge needed to understand how small(ish) optical telescopes function, their main designs and how to set them up, plus introducing the reader to the many ways in which objects in the sky change their positions and how they may be observed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom the reviews of the third edition:\u003c\/p\u003e“Telescopes And Techniques is a book that would be helpful for every new telescope owner, and of interest to also more seasoned amateur astronomers, but it will be a real gem for students just starting to learn about observational astronomy. … Kitchin’s ‘Telescopes And Techniques’ bridges the gap between being a textbook of practical astronomy and a handbook of telescope maintenance and use. … a very informative and well structured book that will definitely be consulted even after having been read the first time.” (Kadri Tinn, AstroMadness.com, January, 2014)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface to the First Edition.- Preface to the Second Edition.- Preface to the Third Edition.- Part I: Telescopes.- Chapter 1: Types of Telescopes.- Chapter 2: Telescope Optics.- Chapter 3: Modern Small Telescope Design.- Part II: Positions and Motions.- Chapter 4: Positions in the Sky.- Chapter 5: Movements of Objects in the Sky.- Chapter 6: Telescope Mountings.- Part III: Observing.- Chapter 7: Electromagnetic Radiation.- Chapter 8: Visual Observing.- Chapter 9: Detectors and Imaging.- Chapter 10: Data Processing.- Chapter 11: Photometry.- Chapter 12: Spectroscopy.- Appendix A: For Further Reading.- Appendix B: Constellations.- Appendix C: Answers to Exercises.- Appendix D: SI and Other Units.- Appendix E: The Greek Alphabet.- Index.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer New York","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51769946603863,"sku":"9781461448907","price":37.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"terahertz-spectroscopy-and-imaging-9783642295638","title":"Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book presents the state-of-the-art of Terahertz spectroscopy. It is a modern source for a beginners and researcher interested in THz spectroscopy. The basics and physical background of THz spectroscopy and technology are explained, and important applications are described. The book presents the highlights of scientific research in the field of THz science and provides an excellent overview of the field and future directions of research. Over the last decade the field of terahertz spectroscopy has developed into one of the most rapidly growing fields of spectroscopy with large impact across a wide range of scientific disciplines. Due to substantial advances in femtosecond laser technology, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has established itself as the dominant spectroscopic technique for experimental scientists interested in measurements in this frequency range. In solids and liquids terahertz radiation is at resonance with both phonon modes and hydrogen bonding modes which makes it an ideal tool to study the interaction between molecules in a unique way, thus opening a wealth of opportunities for research in physics, chemistry, biology, materials science and pharmaceuticals. This book provides an easy access to scientists, engineers and students alike who want to understand the theory and applications of modern terahertz spectroscopy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTransmission, reflection, refraction and scattering of Terahertz radiation.- Optical constants and dispersion relations in THz spectroscopy.- Scattering effects.- Converging Terahertz beam vs. plane wave.- Signal Processing – Wavelet Transform.- Signal Processing – Fractional Fourier transformation and spectrogram in signal processing of Terahertz pulses.- Terahertz Spectroscopy.- Crystalline and non-crystalline solids.- Liquids and Biomolecules.- Ellipsometry and active polarization control of Terahertz waves.- ATR sensing at terahertz frequencies.- Pump-probe spectroscopy.- Liquid crystals.- Waveguide spectroscopy.- Condensed matter physics.- Assignment of vibrational modes in crystalline materials.- On-chip pulsed Terahertz spectroscopy.- Nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy.- Terahertz Imaging.- Far-field \/ Near-field.- Biomedical Imaging.- Pharmaceutical imaging.- Terahertz tomography.- Security.- Artists’ materials characterization.- Interesting Physics at Terahertz Frequencies.- Plasmonic structures.","brand":"Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH \u0026 Co. KG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51772041691479,"sku":"9783642295638","price":208.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"femtosecond-laser-micromachining-photonic-and-microfluidic-devices-in-transparent-materials-9783642443367","title":"Femtosecond Laser Micromachining: Photonic and Microfluidic Devices in Transparent Materials","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFemtosecond laser micromachining of transparent material is a powerful and versatile technology. In fact, it can be applied to several materials. It is a maskless technology that allows rapid device prototyping, has intrinsic three-dimensional capabilities and can produce both photonic and microfluidic devices. For these reasons it is ideally suited for the fabrication of complex microsystems with unprecedented functionalities. The book is mainly focused on micromachining of transparent materials which, due to the nonlinear absorption mechanism of ultrashort pulses, allows unique three-dimensional capabilities and can be exploited for the fabrication of complex microsystems with unprecedented functionalities.This book presents an overview of the state of the art of this rapidly emerging topic with contributions from leading experts in the field, ranging from principles of nonlinear material modification to fabrication techniques and applications to photonics and optofluidics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart I: Introductory concepts and characterization  1 Fundamentals of femtosecond Laser micromachining in transparent materials  2 -Ultrafast imaging of plasma dynamics and material response during micromachining  3 -Spectroscopic characterization of waveguides  4 -Optimizing Laser-induced refractive index changes in bulk optical materials via spatio-temporal beam shaping  5 -Controlling the cross-section of ultrafast Laser inscribed waveguides  6 –Anisotropy of femtosecond Laser writing   Part II: Waveguides and optical devices in glass  7 –Passive optical waveguide devices in glass  8 - Femtosecond Laser inscription of fibre gratings  9 –3-D Bragg grating waveguide devices  10 –Active photonic devices   Part III: Waveguides and optical devices in other transparent materials  11 -Waveguides in crystalline materials  12 -Refractive index structures in polymers   Part IV: Microsystems and applications  13 –Discrete optics in waveguide arrays  14 –Optofluidics for biosensing  15 –Microstructuring of Photosensitive glass  16 -Microsystems and sensors  17 -Ultrashort Laser joining and welding","brand":"Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH \u0026 Co. KG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51772043166039,"sku":"9783642443367","price":151.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"optoelectronics-9781839624001","title":"Optoelectronics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book represents a unique collection of the latest developments in the rapidly developing world of optoelectronics. The contributing authors to this book are a group of internationally distinguished researchers. This book consists of a collection of chapters divided into two sections, with the first section covering new applications and the second section covering materials and crystal structures topics to support future generations of optoelectronic devices and open the door for future, more demanding applications. This collection of chapters will be of considerable interest to scientists, engineers, physicists, and technologists working in research and development in the fields of optoelectronics and photonics, as well as to young researchers who are at the beginning of their career.","brand":"IntechOpen","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52085638463831,"sku":"9781839624001","price":113.05,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"ultrafast-lasers-a-comprehensive-introduction-to-fundamental-principles-with-practical-applications-9783030825317","title":"Ultrafast Lasers: A Comprehensive Introduction to Fundamental Principles with Practical Applications","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis textbook presents a comprehensive introduction to ultrafast laser physics with a keen awareness of the needs of graduate students. It is self-contained and ready to use for both ultrafast laser courses and background for experimental investigation in the lab. The book starts with an advanced introduction to linear and nonlinear pulse propagation, details Q-switching and modelocking and goes into detail while explaining ultrashort pulse generation and measurement. Finally, the characterization of the laser signals is illustrated, and a broad range of applications presented. A multitude of worked examples and problems with solutions help to deepen the reader's understanding.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eLinear pulse propagation in dispersive media.- linear pulse propagation.- dispersion compensation.- nonlinear pulse propagation.- relaxation oscillations in lasers.- Q-switching.- active modelocking.- passive modelocking: generation of ultrashort laser pulses.- pulse duration measurements.- noise characterization of pulsed laser signals.- applications of short-pulse lasers.- appendices.- index.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52085967094103,"sku":"9783030825317","price":44.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"fundamentals-of-sumfrequency-spectroscopy-cambridge-molecular-science-9781107098848","title":"Fundamentals of SumFrequency Spectroscopy Cambridge Molecular Science","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe first book on the topic, and written by the founder of the technique, this comprehensive resource provides a detailed overview of sum-frequency spectroscopy, its fundamental principles, and the wide range of applications for surfaces, interfaces, and bulk. Beginning with an overview of the historical context, and introductions to the basic theory of nonlinear optics and surface sum-frequency generation, topics covered include discussion of different experimental arrangements adopted by researchers, notes on proper data analysis, an up-to-date survey commenting on the wide range of successful applications of the tool, and a valuable insight into current unsolved problems and potential areas to be explored in the future. With the addition of chapter appendices that offer the opportunity for more in-depth theoretical discussion, this is an essential resource that integrates all aspects of the subject and is ideal for anyone using, or interested in using, sum-frequency spectroscopy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'This work is a powerful adjunct to [Shen's] definitive The Principles of Nonlinear Optics (1984) … The writing is Spartan in its simplicity yet elegant in its clarity, and suggestive of Shen's abiding interest in teaching and research. Wisely, the author uses appendixes at the end of most chapters to isolate extended proofs and theoretical analysis. Also, there is a useful selection of frequently asked questions about SF spectroscopy. This monograph further burnishes the already outstanding reputation of the 'Molecular Science' series editors and Cambridge University Press.' L. W. 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Miscellaneous topics.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52090798768471,"sku":"9781107098848","price":133.95,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"fiber-optic-sensors-current-status-and-future-possibilities-9783319826219","title":"Fiber Optic Sensors: Current Status and Future Possibilities","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book describes important recent developments in fiber optic sensor technology and examines established and emerging applications in a broad range of fields and markets, including power engineering, chemical engineering, bioengineering, biomedical engineering, and environmental monitoring. Particular attention is devoted to niche applications where fiber optic sensors are or soon will be able to compete with conventional approaches. Beyond novel methods for the sensing of traditional parameters such as strain, temperature, and pressure, a variety of new ideas and concepts are proposed and explored. The significance of the advent of extended infrared sensors is discussed, and individual chapters focus on sensing at THz frequencies and optical sensing based on photonic crystal structures. Another important topic is the resonances generated when using thin films in conjunction with optical fibers, and the enormous potential of sensors based on lossy mode resonances, surface plasmon resonances, and long-range surface exciton polaritons. Detailed attention is also paid to fiber Bragg grating sensors and multimode interference sensors. 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