{"title":"History of medicine Books","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"the-physicians-16602018-ever-persons-capable-and-able-9781408706343","title":"The Physicians 16602018 Ever Persons Capable and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Royal College of Physicians celebrates its 500th anniversary in 2018, and to observe this landmark is publishing this series of ten books. Each of the books focuses on fifty themed elements that have contributed to making the RCP what it is today, together adding up to 500 reflections on 500 years. Some of the people, ideas, objects and manuscripts featured are directly connected to the College, while others have had an influence that can still be felt in its work.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis, the seventh book in the series looks at the history of the Royal College.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Little, Brown Book Group","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47836852912471,"sku":"9781408706343","price":9.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"women-in-white-coats-how-the-first-women-doctors-changed-the-world-of-medicine-9781800752481","title":"Women in White Coats: How the First Women Doctors","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eNew York Times\u003c\/em\u003e Bestseller\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe triumphant story of three courageous women who become the first female doctors.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThese women changed the world' - Nina Sankovitch, bestselling author of \u003cem\u003eAmerican Rebels\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the early 1800s, women were dying in large numbers from treatable diseases because they avoided receiving medical care. Examinations performed by male doctors were often demeaning and painful, and women faced damaging social stigma from illness.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite countless obstacles, Elizabeth Blackwell, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and Sophia Jex-Blake fought for a woman's place in the male-dominated medical field. The three pioneers earned medical degrees and paved the way for other women to do the same, then built women-run hospitals and teaching colleges  creating for the first time medical care for women by women.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Swift Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47850991518039,"sku":"9781800752481","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781800752481.jpg?v=1710626418"},{"product_id":"am-i-normal-the-200-year-search-for-normal-people-and-why-they-don-t-exist-9781788162463","title":"Am I Normal?: The 200-Year Search for Normal","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e*As heard on BBC Radio 4 Woman's Hour* *A Blackwell's and Waterstones Best Popular Science Book of 2022*  'Excellent ... one of those rare pop-science books that make you look at the whole world differently' The Daily Telegraph *****  'Riveting' Mail on Sunday ***** 'Captivating' Guardian, Book of the Day 'Compelling' Observer  Sarah Chaney takes us on an eye-opening and surprising journey into the history of science, revisiting the studies, landmark experiments and tests that proliferated from the early 19th century to find answers to the question: what's normal? These include a census of hallucinations - and even a UK beauty map (which claimed the women in Aberdeen were \"the most repellent\"). On the way she exposes many of the hangovers that are still with us from these dubious endeavours, from IQ tests to the BMI.  Interrogating how the notion and science of standardisation has shaped us all, as individuals and as a society, this book challenges why we ever thought that normal might be a desirable thing to be.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSarah Chaney charts, fascinatingly, [a] progressive creep of the idea of the \"normal\" into the heart of society... shocking and salutary * The Times *\u003cbr\u003eCompelling, highly readable ... Encompassing everything from sex surveys to baby weight, beauty standards to sexuality, this is a brilliantly engaging work of popular science * Observer *\u003cbr\u003eCaptivating -- Book of the Day * Guardian *\u003cbr\u003eEureka! Sarah Chaney's excellent Am I Normal? is one of those rare pop-science books that make you look at the whole world differently -- Tim Smith-Laing * The Daily Telegraph, ***** *\u003cbr\u003eRiveting ... The  moral  of  the  story,  indeed  of  this  engaging  book, is that instead of ruminating endlessly on the worried  (and  unanswerable)  question  Am  I  Normal?,  we  should  be  asking  ourselves  instead whether normal even exists and why, quite frankly, anyone cares * Mail on Sunday, ***** *\u003cbr\u003eThis fascinating read will change the way we think about what is normal * Buzz *\u003cbr\u003eFascinating * Fortean Times, ***** *","brand":"Profile Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47851065344343,"sku":"9781788162463","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781788162463.jpg?v=1710628404"},{"product_id":"am-i-normal-the-200-year-search-for-normal-people-and-why-they-don-t-exist-9781788162456","title":"Am I Normal?: The 200-Year Search for Normal","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e*A Blackwell's Book of the Year* *A Waterstones Best Popular Science Book of 2022* *A Telegraph Best Book for Summer 2022* *As heard on BBC Radio 4 Woman's Hour*  'Excellent ... one of those rare pop-science books that make you look at the whole world differently' The Daily Telegraph *****  'Riveting' Mail on Sunday ***** 'Captivating' Guardian, Book of the Day 'Compelling' Observer  Before the nineteenth century, the term normal was rarely ever associated with human behaviour. Normal was a term used in maths: people weren't normal - triangles were.   But from the 1830s, this branch of science really took off across Europe and North America, with a proliferation of IQ tests, sex studies, a census of hallucinations - even a UK beauty map (which concluded the women in Aberdeen were \"the most repellent\"). This book tells the surprising history how the very notion of the normal came about, how it shaped us all, often while entrenching oppressive values.   Sarah Chaney looks at why we're still asking the internet: Do I have a normal body? Is my sex life normal? Are my kids normal? And along the way, she challenges why we ever thought it might be a desirable thing to be.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEureka! Sarah Chaney's excellent Am I Normal? is one of those rare pop-science books that make you look at the whole world differently -- Tim Smith-Laing * The Daily Telegraph, ***** *\u003cbr\u003eCaptivating -- Book of the Day * Guardian *\u003cbr\u003eRiveting ... The  moral  of  the  story,  indeed  of  this  engaging  book, is that instead of ruminating endlessly on the worried  (and  unanswerable)  question  Am  I  Normal?,  we  should  be  asking  ourselves  instead whether normal even exists and why, quite frankly, anyone cares * Mail on Sunday, ***** *\u003cbr\u003eCompelling, highly readable ... Encompassing everything from sex surveys to baby weight, beauty standards to sexuality, this is a brilliantly engaging work of popular science * Observer *\u003cbr\u003eSarah Chaney charts, fascinatingly, [a] progressive creep of the idea of the \"normal\" into the heart of society... shocking and salutary * The Times *\u003cbr\u003eThis fascinating read will change the way we think about what is normal * Buzz *","brand":"Profile Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47851065409879,"sku":"9781788162456","price":15.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781788162456.jpg?v=1710628409"},{"product_id":"the-enlightened-mr-parkinson-the-pioneering-life-of-a-forgotten-english-surgeon-9781785783364","title":"The Enlightened Mr. Parkinson: The Pioneering","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e'Billy Connolly says he's no idea who Parkinson was and just wishes he'd kept his disease to himself. He should read this book.' Jeremy Paxman\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eParkinson's disease is one of the most common forms of dementia, with 10,000 new cases each year in the UK alone, and yet few know anything about the man the disease is named after. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn 1817 - exactly 200 years ago - James Parkinson (1755-1824) defined the disease so precisely that we still diagnose it today by recognising the symptoms he identified. The story of this remarkable man's contributions to the Age of the Enlightenment is told through his three passions - medicine, politics and fossils.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs a political radical Parkinson was interrogated over a plot to kill King George III and revealed as the author of anti-government pamphlets, a crime for which many were transported to Australia; while helping Edward Jenner set up smallpox vaccination stations across London, he wrote the first scientific study of fossils in English, which led to fossil-hunting becoming the nation's latest craze - just a glimpse of his many achievements.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCherry Lewis restores this neglected pioneer to his rightful place in history, while creating a vivid and pungent portrait of life as an 'apothecary surgeon' in Georgian London.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLewis writes in an enjoyably digressive style: her descriptions of medical practice at the end of the 18th century, and of changing life in east London, are particularly engaging. -- The Scotsman\u003cbr\u003eA vivid picture of the peculiarities of the time. * Mail on Sunday *\u003cbr\u003eIn a splendid new book, historian of geology Cherry Lewis introduces us to a fascinating, multifaceted Enlightenment figure: the intellectually curious, politically active and socially concerned London surgeon-apothecary James Parkinson (1755-1824). -- Tilli Tansey * Nature *\u003cbr\u003eLewis paints a vivid portrait of the life and times of a man of many talents ... a fine, informative read. -- Manjit Kumar * Prospect *\u003cbr\u003eA well-written, comprehensive biography of a genuine polymath. * The Tablet *\u003cbr\u003eA fascinating account. Parkinson fought for the rights of the vulnerable, moved some scientific fields forward and observed what most people could not see. Absorbing. Anyone interested in the history of medicine, politics and geology will enjoy this book. I finished it in awe of Parkinson's many accomplishments and contributions to politics, health and science. * The Washington Post *","brand":"Icon Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47851265556823,"sku":"9781785783364","price":8.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"the-enlightened-mr-parkinson-the-pioneering-life-of-a-forgotten-english-surgeon-9781785781780","title":"The Enlightened Mr. Parkinson: The Pioneering","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e'Billy Connolly says he's no idea who Parkinson was and just wishes he'd kept his disease to himself. He should read this book.' Jeremy Paxman\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eParkinson's disease is one of the most common forms of dementia, with 10,000 new cases each year in the UK alone, and yet few know anything about the man the disease is named after. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn 1817 - exactly 200 years ago - James Parkinson (1755-1824) defined the disease so precisely that we still diagnose it today by recognising the symptoms he identified. The story of this remarkable man's contributions to the Age of the Enlightenment is told through his three passions - medicine, politics and fossils.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs a political radical Parkinson was interrogated over a plot to kill King George III and revealed as the author of anti-government pamphlets, a crime for which many were transported to Australia; while helping Edward Jenner set up smallpox vaccination stations across London, he wrote the first scientific study of fossils in English, which led to fossil-hunting becoming the nation's latest craze - just a glimpse of his many achievements.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCherry Lewis restores this neglected pioneer to his rightful place in history, while creating a vivid and pungent portrait of life as an 'apothecary surgeon' in Georgian London.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBilly Connolly says he's no idea who Parkinson was and just wishes he'd kept his disease to himself. He should read this book. * Jeremy Paxman *\u003cbr\u003eLewis writes in an enjoyably digressive style: her descriptions of medical practice at the end of the 18th century, and of changing life in east London, are particularly engaging. -- The Scotsman\u003cbr\u003eA vivid picture of the peculiarities of the time. * Mail on Sunday *\u003cbr\u003eIn a splendid new book, historian of geology Cherry Lewis introduces us to a fascinating, multifaceted Enlightenment figure: the intellectually curious, politically active and socially concerned London surgeon-apothecary James Parkinson (1755-1824). -- Tilli Tansey * Nature *\u003cbr\u003eLewis paints a vivid portrait of the life and times of a man of many talents ... a fine, informative read. -- Manjit Kumar * Prospect *\u003cbr\u003eA well-written, comprehensive biography of a genuine polymath. * The Tablet *\u003cbr\u003eA fascinating account. Parkinson fought for the rights of the vulnerable, moved some scientific fields forward and observed what most people could not see. Absorbing. Anyone interested in the history of medicine, politics and geology will enjoy this book. I finished it in awe of Parkinson's many accomplishments and contributions to politics, health and science. * The Washington Post *","brand":"Icon Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47851266933079,"sku":"9781785781780","price":15.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"the-scourging-angel-9780099548836","title":"The Scourging Angel","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eNothing experienced in human history, before or since, eclipses the terror, tragedy and scale of the Black Death, the disease which killed millions of people in Medieval Europe. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Scourging Angel\u003c\/i\u003e tells the story of Britain immediately before, during and after this catastrophe. Against a backdrop of empty homes, half-built cathedrals and pestilence-saturated cities, we see communities gripped by unimaginable fear, shock and paranoia. By the time it completed its pestilential journey through the British Isles in 1350, the Black Death had left half the population dead. Despite the startling toll of life, physical devastation and sheer human chaos it inflicted, Britain showed an impressive resilience. Amid disaster many found opportunity, and the story of the Black Death is ultimately one of survival.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis remarkable, ambitious book by a new, young historian is positive about the new society that survived disaster * The Times *\u003cbr\u003eBenedict Gummer's highly impressive book charts the subsequent spread of the disease in meticulous and terrible detail * Sunday Telegraph *\u003cbr\u003eA rich, thoughtful and utterly riveting historical narrative... A treasure chest of detail * Daily Telegraph *\u003cbr\u003eA fearsomely ambitious book from an exciting new writer... A compelling and sobering picture of a world - peopled with kings, soldiers, bishops, peasants - that is both remote and familiar -- Simon Russel Beale\u003cbr\u003eThe enormous value of Gummer's book, for all its apparent narrowness of focus, is that it concentrates attention on the plague as an episode in the Hundred Years War and the new mercantilism that was opening up northern seas and nations to world trade - (a) fine book * Herald *","brand":"Vintage Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732287697239,"sku":"9780099548836","price":14.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780099548836.jpg?v=1719996277"},{"product_id":"blood-and-guts-9780141010649","title":"Blood and Guts","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMankind''s battle to stay alive is the greatest of all subjects.  This brief, witty and unusual book by Britain''s greatest medical historian compresses into a tiny span a lifetime spent thinking about millennia of human ingenuity in the quest to cheat death.  Each chapter sums up one of these battlefields (surgery, doctors, disease, hospitals, laboratories and the human body) in a way that is both frightening and elating.  Startlingly illustrated, A SHORT HISTORY OF MEDICINE is the ideal presentfor anyone who is keenly aware of their own mortality and wants to do something about it.  It is also a wonderful memorial to one of Penguin''s greatest historians.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'Nobody will be able to put down this short history of medicine... without counting their blessings. Never have I read a book which made me so glad not to have been born before the mid-20th century.' Daily Mail\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDisease; doctors; the body; the laboratory; therapies; surgery; the hospital; medicine in modern society.","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732388000087,"sku":"9780141010649","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780141010649.jpg?v=1719996663"},{"product_id":"doctoring-the-mind-9780141023694","title":"Doctoring the Mind","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhy is the Western world''s treatment of mental illness so flawed? Who really benefits from psychiatry? And why would a patient in Nigeria have a much greater chance of recovery than one in the UK? \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eDoctoring the Mind\u003c\/i\u003e, leading clinical psychologist Richard Bentall reveals the shocking truths behind the system of mental health care in the West. With a heavy dependence on pills and the profit they bring, psychiatry has been relying on myths and misunderstandings of madness for too long, and builds on methods which can often hinder rather than help the patient. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBentall argues passionately for a new future of mental health, one that considers the patient as an individual and redefines our understanding and treatment of madness for the twenty-first century.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBentall is one of psychiatry's most eloquent enemies . . . the drugs don't work * Sunday Times *\u003cbr\u003eIt is the very balance of his approach that drives his opponents crazy . . . Passionate . . . a brave book * Observer *\u003cbr\u003eBentall pulls no punches . . . his credentials ensure that his punches carry weight * Guardian *\u003cbr\u003ePaints a stark picture of a mental health system riddled with corruption and incompetence * The Times *\u003cbr\u003eWonderful. Everyone personally or professionally concerned with mental health should read this . . . I dearly wish it could be put into the hands of the politicians and their advisors who make decisions about the life and rights of others * Hilary Mantel *\u003cbr\u003eAt a time when dialogue in the presence of other human beings is becoming less and less available, this brave book gives a sense of why this could be disastrous * Salley Vickers, Observer *","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732394553687,"sku":"9780141023694","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780141023694.jpg?v=1719996692"},{"product_id":"the-ghost-map-9780141029368","title":"The Ghost Map","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrom the bestselling author of \u003ci\u003eEverything Bad is Good For You\u003c\/i\u003e, Steven Johnson''s \u003ci\u003eThe Ghost Map \u003c\/i\u003evividly recreates Victorian London to show how huge populations live together, how cities can kill - and how they can save us.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  Steven Johnson is one of today''s most exciting writers about popular culture, urban living and new technology. In \u003ci\u003eThe Ghost Map\u003c\/i\u003e he tells the story of the terrifying cholera epidemic that engulfed London in 1854, and the two unlikely heroes - anesthetist Doctor John Snow and affable clergyman Reverend Henry Whitehead - who defeated the disease through a combination of local knowledge, scientific research and map-making.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  In telling their extraordinary story, Steven Johnson also explores a whole world of ideas and connections, from urban terror to microbes, ecosystems to the Great Stink, cultural phenomena to street life.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  ''A wonderful book''\u003cbr\u003e  \u003ci\u003eMail on Sunday\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  ''A thumping page-turne\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732398125399,"sku":"9780141029368","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780141029368.jpg?v=1719996705"},{"product_id":"still-not-safe-9780190271268","title":"Still Not Safe","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis quality book clearly demonstrates that, in order to solve a complex problem, one must look at it from multiple perspectives. It will take a number of combined initiatives to drive the change needed to move forward in the reduction of medical errors, as the field has been stagnant for over two decades with the ideas currently in place. * Blair A Hebner, Doody's Reviews *\u003cbr\u003eReading Still Not Safe is like talking with Wears and Sutcliffe as they share honest, and at times dark, truths of the patient safety movement, while instilling a desire to continue this vital work. Read the book and reflect on your role in improving the safety of patient care. * Pascale Carayon, PhD, Procter \u0026amp; Gamble Bascom Professor in Total Quality, University of Wisconsin, Madison *\u003cbr\u003eThis extraordinary book is guaranteed to transform your thinking, whether you are a healthcare professional, a social scientist, or an ordinary citizen wanting to understand how good intentions get subverted - and why simple solutions, however appealing, should be regarded with suspicion. * Gary Klein, PhD, CEO, ShadowBox LLC *\u003cbr\u003eAn incisive lament and reflection on the early promise and subsequent waning of patient safety. But also a hopeful vision of a return to safety science, a deeper understanding of clinical work, and the potential for safer healthcare. A wonderful gift. * Charles Vincent, PhD, Director, Oxford Healthcare Improvement *\u003cbr\u003eThis important and controversial book argues that the field of patient safety has stalled out because it has become insular, bureaucratic, and overly medicalized. Agree or disagree, Still Not Safe s an important contribution to the literature and will cause readers to look at the field of patient safety with a refreshing new perspective. * Robert M. Wachter, MD, Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; author of The Digital Doctor and Understanding Patient Safety *\u003cbr\u003eThis quality book clearly demonstrates that, in order to solve a complex problem, one must look at it from multiple perspectives. It will take a number of combined initiatives to drive the change needed to move forward in the reduction of medical errors, as the field has been stagnant for over two decades with the ideas currently in place. * Doody's Reviews *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface  Acknowledgements   Part I:  The Rise of Patient Safety   1. Setting the Stage  2. Beginnings  3. Rationalizing Health Care:  Scientific-Bureaucratic Medicine  4. The Special Case of Anesthesia  5. Three Views of 'Human Error'  6. Halting Steps:  Early Work on Patient Safety   7. Pressure Builds for Reform   Part II:  The Reign of Patient Safety    8.  Irruption  9.  Institutionalization  10.  Consolidation and Stagnation    Part III: The Waning of Patient Safety  11.  Reflections  12.  The Future of Patient Safety   Afterword  Glossary   Bibliography","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732535488855,"sku":"9780190271268","price":26.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780190271268.jpg?v=1719997322"},{"product_id":"ivan-pavlov-a-very-short-introduction-very-short-introductions-9780190906696","title":"Ivan Pavlov A Very Short Introduction Very Short","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this book, Daniel P. Todes provides concise introduction to the life and science of the great Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936). Todes weaves together Pavlov''s life, values, context, and science by focusing upon his quest to understand the psyche and the torments of our consciousness. This introduction follows the origins and maturation of Pavlov''s quest from his early life in a priestly family in provincial Riazan, to his struggles and late professional success in the glittering capital of St. Petersburg, through the cataclysmic destruction of his world during the Bolshevik seizure of power and civil war of 1917-1921, to the rebuilding of his life in his 70s as a prosperous dissident during the Leninist 1920s, and his success and personal torments in 1929-1936 during the industrialization, cultural revolution, and terror of Stalin times. Beyond a basic biography, Todes devotes particular attention to Pavlov''s Nobel Prize-winning research on digestion (1891-1903) and his iconic studies of conditional reflexes and higher nervous activity (1903-1936), as well as his experiments with dogs. Fundamentally reinterpreting Pavlov''s famous research on conditional reflexes, Todes shows that Pavlov was not a behaviorist, did not use a bell, and was uninterested in training dogs. The Russian scientist sought to explain not merely external behaviors, but the emotional and intellectual life of animals and humans. Furthermore, this iconic objectivist was a profoundly anthropomorphic thinker whose science was suffused with his own experiences and values. Exploring the two unpublished manuscripts upon which Pavlov was working when he died, Todes shows the importance of his little-known experiments on chimps and explores his final thoughts about the relationship of science, Christianity, and Bolshevism.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA magnificent overview of the life, work, and scientific passions of the experimental biologist who revealed the 'conditioned reflex' and became the first Russian Nobel Prize winner. Dan Todes provides concise and masterful insight into this fascinating figure. * Janet Browne, author of Charles Darwin: Voyaging and The Power of Place *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eList of illustrations    Chapter 1. Winter at Koltushi  Chapter 2. Certainty: Religious and Scientific  Chapter 3. The Haunted Factory  Chapter 4. Pavlov's Quest  Chapter 5. Come the Bolsheviks  Chapter 6. Nervous Types  Chapter 7. Year of Climaxes  Chapter 8. Final Reflections  Chapter 9. Epilogue    References  Further Reading  Index","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732548006231,"sku":"9780190906696","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780190906696.jpg?v=1719997373"},{"product_id":"viruses-9780192845030","title":"Viruses","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFor all our hubris, humans can be felled rapidly by an invisible enemy - viruses.\u003c\/b\u003eAll around us are minute entities that can damage and kill: the millions of viruses that pervade the natural world. Our bodies harbour many that we have long tolerated, but a new one, that jumps into humans from another species, can be lethal - as we have seen most recently with the virus responsible for COVID-19. But what are viruses, how do they cause disease, and how can we fight them?In Viruses: The Invisible Enemy, a brand new edition of her classic work, virologist Dorothy Crawford explores these questions. She takes the reader on a journey through the past to show how, as the human race evolved from hunter gatherer to farmer to our present urban, industrialised society, viruses have taken advantage of each lifestyle change to promote their own survival. We have acquired many new viruses along the way, some spreading globally and causing killer diseases. But now, in the 21st century, as humans\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI would thoroughly recommend this book to anyone interested in understanding general aspects of modern virology in a clear and delightful manner. * Karen Campos-León, Former Fellow Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Birmingham, UK, Microbiology Society *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface Introduction 1: Bugs, Germs, and Microbes 2: New viruses or old adversaries in new guises? 3: Coughs and sneezes spread diseases 4: Unlike love, Herpes is forever 5: Viruses and Cancer 6: Searching for a cure Conclusion - The future - friend or foe","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732592996695,"sku":"9780192845030","price":11.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780192845030.jpg?v=1719997569"},{"product_id":"a-geography-of-infection-9780192848390","title":"A Geography of Infection","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe last half century has witnessed two landmark events in medical history. The 1970s saw euphoria about the defeat of one of humankind''s oldest disease scourges with the global eradication of smallpox. To set against this, the 2020s are experiencing the pandemic ravages of new viral diseases, of which COVID-19 is currently the most potent. But it is only the latest of a succession of threats. A Geography of Infection explores the distinctive spatial patterns and processes by which such infectious diseases spread from place to place and can grow from local and regional epidemics into global pandemics. This resource focuses initially on the local scale of doctors'' practices and small islands where epidemic outbreaks are slight in the numbers infected and in geographical extent. Such local area studies raise two questions. First, how and where do epidemic diseases emerge and second, why do more diseases appear to be emerging now? To approach such questions implies a shift in spatial ge","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732595257687,"sku":"9780192848390","price":59.85,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780192848390.jpg?v=1719997578"},{"product_id":"insulin-the-crooked-timber-9780192855381","title":"Insulin  The Crooked Timber","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBefore the discovery of insulin, a diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes was a death sentence. One hundred years after a milestone medical discovery, ''Insulin - The Crooked Timber'' tells the story of how insulin was transformed from what one clinician called ''thick brown muck'' into the very first drug to be produced using genetic engineering, one which would earn the founders of the US biotech company Genentech a small fortune.Yet when Canadian doctor Frederick Banting was told in 1923 that he had won the Nobel Prize for this life-saving discovery, he was furious. For the prize had not been awarded to him alone - but jointly with a man whom he felt had no right to this honour. The human story behind this discovery is one of ongoing political and scientific controversy.Taking the reader on a fascinating journey, starting with the discovery of insulin in the 1920s through to the present day, ''Insulin - The Crooked Timber'' reveals a story of monstrous egos, toxic career rivalries, and a few \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e[uses] a blend of profound research, lively writing and personal knowledge of diabetes * Andrew Robinson, Nature *\u003cbr\u003eThe lengthy bibliography and endnotes are a testament to the extensive research that has been carried out to produce this fascinating account. * Arpan K. Banerjee, Hektoen International *\u003cbr\u003eThe story of insulin over the past 100 years, as the historian of science (and former molecular biologist) Kersten Hall shows in this dense and fascinating book, is also a microcosm of developments in science more widely, and of changes in the politics and economics of healthcare.[...] The pleasures of this book lie mainly in the storytelling detail and the gossipy richness of the lives, friendships and feuds glimpsed in the hubbub of decades pursuing the improvement of human health. * Steven Poole, Daily Telegraph *\u003cbr\u003e... comprehensive account of the modern medical history of the hormone... * Jerome Groopman, New York Review of Books *\u003cbr\u003eA fascinating book by an author with excellent credentials, well written and meticulously researched. * Geoff Gill, University of Liverpool *\u003cbr\u003eA timely book, pulling together many interesting stories about the scientific side of insulin. * John Pickup, King's College London School of Medicine *\u003cbr\u003eReviews the events around the discovery of insulin in an original and well-documented manner. * Pierre Lefèbvre, University of Liège *\u003cbr\u003eWritten in a clear and engaging style, the book provides a fresh take on historic events and also delves into aspects that have not been adequately explored previously. * Jeffrey Friedman, Rockefeller University *\u003cbr\u003eIt is a good read and scholarly account. * Arpan Banerjee, Hektoen International Journal *\u003cbr\u003eInsulin-the Crooked Timber is essential reading for anyone concerned with the history of insulin. * Social History of Alcohol and Drugs. *\u003cbr\u003eHall's The Crooked Timber expertly combines careful attention to the science with thoughtful consideration of its historical and philosophical dimensions. * Neelanjana Ray, History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface Looking a Gift Horse in the Mouth? Introduction Taming the Tiger 1: The Pissing Evil - a colourful description of diabetes by 17th century English physician Thomas Willis 2: Thick Brown Muck - Canadian scientist Fred Banting wins the Nobel Prize for the discovery of insulin... and is furious 3: The Vision of Ezekiel - clinicians are stunned at the power of insulin to save lives, but it proves to be a double-edged sword 4: A Greek Tragedy - German clinician Georg Zuelzer snatches defeat from the jaws of victory 5: The Wasp's Nest - insulin proves to be a poisoned chalice for its discoverers 6: Be Careful What You Wish For - the case of Romanian scientist Nicolai Paulesco underlines the truth of an old proverb 7: 'In Praise of Wool' - the humble wool fibre sets in motion a revolution in biochemistry 8: A Boastful Undertaking - a discovery made in a fume-filled stable offers the key to unlocking insulin 9: The Blobs That Won a Nobel Prize - or two, all thanks to some coloured spots on a piece of filter paper 10: The Prophet in the Labyrinth - biochemist Erwin Chargaff helps unlock the secrets of DNA, but fears where this may lead 11: The Clone Wars - a conflict in which insulin proves to be a decisive weapon 12: Wall Street Gold - in an act of modern day alchemy, insulin makes stock market history 13: 'Don't You Want Cheap Insulin?' - What is it exactly that we want from science? And does the story of insulin have any lessons for us today? Bibliography Figures List and Acknowledgements for Images Acknowledgements End notes","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732599419223,"sku":"9780192855381","price":29.92,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780192855381.jpg?v=1719997590"},{"product_id":"sir-thomas-browne-the-opium-of-time-my-reading-9780192858177","title":"Sir Thomas Browne The Opium of Time My Reading","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this book, Gavin Francis writes about the resonance for him as medic in reading the work of early modern polymath Sir Thomas Browne.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e[S]plendid...[an] excellent panegyric. * John Quinn, The Tablet *\u003cbr\u003eIt always good to read something coming towards Browne from several directions at once. And especially the sympathies of a medical man, writer, and general practitioner. * Iain Sinclair *\u003cbr\u003eThe biographical material and quotes from his writings accompany the beautifully written analysis, creating a book that reads well and is a fine introduction to the life and work of this remarkable seventeenth century physician. * Arpan K. Banerjee, Solihull, UK, Hektoen International *\u003cbr\u003eIn Sir Thomas Browne: The opium of time,...autobiography and intellectual history are woven together under the conceptual generosity of eight thematic chapters and two letters to its subject. * Georgina Wilson, Times Literary Supplement *\u003cbr\u003eA compelling read ... Gavin Francis's perspective on Browne's life and works ... beautifully encapsulate[s] the complexity of [Browne's] character. * Nick Golding, Church Times *\u003cbr\u003eThis slim volume forms part of a series of biographies whose authors express deeply rooted ties with their subjects and who share something of themselves and their own experiences to add an autobiographical dimension. The formula works and the result is a compelling read. * Revd Richard Greatrex, Church Times *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChronology An Introductory Letter to Dr Browne 1: Ambiguity 2: Curiosity 3: Vitality 4: Piety 5: Humility 6: Misogyny 7: Mobility 8: Mortality A Concluding Letter to Dr Browne","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732601647447,"sku":"9780192858177","price":18.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780192858177.jpg?v=1719997599"},{"product_id":"meeting-the-challenge-top-women-in-science-9780197574751","title":"Meeting the Challenge Top Women in Science","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book is accompanied by a comprehensive index and is a fascinating collection of portraits and vignettes of female scientists...Reading about their lives and achievements and contributions to humanity is both a humbling and educational experience. * Arpan K. Banerjee, Hektoen International *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eForeword (by Eszter Hargittai)  Preface  Acknowledgments    1 Astronomers   Sophia Brahe  Maria Cunitz  Elisabetha Hevelius  Maria Kirch  Caroline Herschel  Mary Somerville  Maria Mitchell  Williamina Fleming and the Women of the Harvard Observatory  Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin  Nancy Grace Roman  Vera C. Rubin  Jocelyn Bell Burnell  France A. Cordova  Andrea M. Ghez    2 Mathematicians   Elena Cornaro Piscopia  Laura Bassi  Maria Gaetana Agnesi  Ada Lovelace  Sonia Kovalevsky  Mileva Mari'c-Einstein  Emmy Noether  Rózsa Péter  Kathleen Ollerenshaw  Mary Winston Jackson  Karen K. Uhlenbeck  Maryam Mirzakhani    3 Physicists   The Loneliness of the Woman Physicist  The Radium Institute   Elisabeth Rona   Marietta Blau  Elisaveta Karamichailova  Berta Karlik  Marie Curie  Isabella Stone  Harriet Brooks  Lise Meitner  Leona Marshall Libby  Maria Goeppert Mayer  Antonia F. Prikhotko Chien-Shiung Wu  Ruby Payne-Scott and other Australian Female Physicists  Rosalyn Yalow  Mildred Dresselhaus  Donna T. Strickland    4 Crystallographers   Kathleen Lonsdale  Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin  Rosalind Franklin  Isabella Karle  Pioneers of Data Banks  - Barbara Mez-Starck   - Olga Kennard  Ada Yonath  Carolina H. MacGillavry and M.C. Escher  Agnes Csanady and Quasicrystals    5 Chemists and Biochemists   Gerty Cori  Alice Ball  Ida Noddack Irène Joliot-Curie  Klavdia V. Topchieva  Mildred Cohn  Gertrude B. Elion   Maxine F. Singer  Elena G. Galpern  Paula Hammond  Jennifer A. Doudna and Emanuelle M. Charpentier  Lynne E. Maquat  Joan A. Steitz  Katalin Karikó    6 Biologists and Biomedical Scientists   Zinaida V. Ermoleva  Barbara McClintock  Aleksandra A. Prokofieva-Belgovskaya  Rita Levi-Montalcini  Frances O. Kelsey  Anne McLaren  Christiane Nusslein-Volhard  Linda B. Buck  Françoise Barré-Sinoussi  Barbara M.F. Pearse  Elizabeth H. Blackburn  Carol W. Greider  May-Britt Moser    7 Physicians, Surgeons, and Nurses   Elizabeth Blackwell  Rebecca Lee Crumpler  Rebecca Cole  Elizabeth Garrett-Anderson  Louisa Brandbeth Aldrich-Blake  Florence R. Sabin  The Moscow Higher Courses for Women  Lina S. Stern  Medicine Women in London  - Annie McCall  - Jane Harriet Walker  - Elsie Inglis  - Lilian Lindsay  - Ida Mann  - Sheila Sherlock  - Margaret Turner-Warwick  - Cicely Saunders  - Melanie Klein  - Anna Freund  - Enid Balint  - Nancy Rothwell  Nurses  - Florence Nightingale  - Mary Seacole  - Theodora Turner    8 Inventors and Technologists  Hertha Ayrton  Kathrine Blodgett  Pioneers in Aviation and Space Travel  - Amelia M. Earhart  - Amy Johnson  - Valentina V. Tereshkova  - Svetlana E. Savitskaya  - Sally K. Ride  - Judith A. Resnik  - Kathryn D. Sullivan  Frances H. Arnold   9 Ecologists   Rachel Carson  Miriam Rothschild  Ayhan Ulubelen  Chulabhorn Mahidol  Jane Morris Goodall and Other Primatologists  YouYou Tu    Notes  Name Index","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732652896599,"sku":"9780197574751","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"the-eleventh-plague-jews-and-pandemics-from-the-bible-to-covid19-9780197607183","title":"The Eleventh Plague Jews and Pandemics from the","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA physician and historian of science and medicine at the National Institute of Health tells the hidden story of how plagues and pandemics shaped the history of the Jewish people.Plagues, pandemics, and infectious diseases have shaped the history of the Jewish people. Of course, there were the ten biblical plagues that famously smote the Egyptians--from the rain of frogs to the deaths of the firstborn--but that is just the start of the story. For the Talmudic Sages infectious diseases were part of the fundamental fabric of God''s created world. In later times, however, disease was often thought to be caused by malign spells and incantations. A counter-magic developed to combat them. Amulets were deployed and miracle workers sought out. Surprisingly, Jeremy Brown shows, Jews sometimes even visited Christian shrines and beseeched the intervention of their saints. In 1348, when the Black Death swept through Europe, Jews fell victim both to the disease, for which they were blamed, and to the anti-Semitic violence that followed. At least 235 Jewish communities were persecuted even as Pope Clement IV ruled that anyone joining or authorizing the persecution would be excommunicated. In The Eleventh Plague, Brown investigates the relation between Judaism and infectious diseases throughout the ages, from premodern and early-modern plagues, to rabbinic responses to smallpox and cholera, to the special vulnerabilities Jewish immigrants faced in the US as result of prejudice, and to the curious practice of Black Weddings in which two orphans are married in a cemetery. Popularized during the 1918 influenza pandemic the practice was revived in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, showing that the intriguing relationship between Judaism and infectious disease remains relevant today.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eJeremy Brown's The Eleventh Plague is a monumental contribution to both the history of pandemics and to Jewish (medical) history. The content and staggering breadth of sources alone are well worth the purchase, but Jeremy's literary flair serves to elevate the reading experience. This book provides a much needed historical perspective that has been missing from our current pandemic discourse. * Rabbi Edward Reichman, MD, author of The Anatomy of Jewish Law: A Fresh Dissection of the Relationship Between Medicine, Medical History and Rabbinic Literature *\u003cbr\u003eWith astonishing learning that embraces Jewish, non-Jewish and medical sources, Jeremy Brown demonstrates that Jewish life has been shaped and reshaped by pandemics from biblical days to our own. Anyone looking for context on Covid-19 and the Jewish community should start with this book. * Jonathan D. Sarna, University Professor and Joseph H. \u0026amp; Belle R. Braun Professor of American Jewish History, Brandeis University; Chief Historian, The Weitzman National Museum of American Jewish History *\u003cbr\u003eIn this expansive and sweeping volume, Brown takes readers on a spellbinding tour of the myriad ways that Jews have responded to plagues. Beginning with the world of the biblical Israelites and closing with an analysis of Jewish encounters with Covid-19, Brown debunks persistent misrepresentations of Jews as perpetuators of disease and embodiments of suffering. Brown's erudition and passion for his subject shimmers on every page, and his lucid style offers surprise and insight at every turn. * Malka Z. Simkovich, author of Discovering Second Temple Literature: The Scriptures and Stories That Shaped Early Judaism. *\u003cbr\u003eIn The Eleventh Plague: Jews and Pandemics, Jeremy Brown presents a pathbreaking study of how Jews have reacted to, been blamed for, and religiously framed pandemics...All those interested in Jewish history, the history of science, and general readers looking for the definitive take on a timely, and unfortunately (because of its morose subject matter) timeless topic need look no further than Brown's fascinating study. * Rabbi Dr. Stu Halpern, YU News *\u003cbr\u003eThis is a timely masterpiece. * Choice *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Five Golden Swellings; Pandemics in the Bible 2. The Angel of Death Walks in the Middle of the Road; Pandemics in the Talmud 3. A World Turned Upside Down; The Black Death and Bubonic Plague 4. All This Happens because of the Sins of Jacob 5. Pulverized Toads; Prayers, amulets and miracle workers 6.  A Leaf of Healing; Smallpox, vaccination and hope 7. Your hand lay heavily on the inhabitants of this land; Cholera  8. Our Father Our King, Save us from this Plague; Religious responses to epidemics 9. Proper Precautions; The Jewish immigrant as a carrier of disease 10. So They Will Not Be Depressed; The Black Wedding 11. A Pandemic of Ignorance: Vaccination, hysteria and rabbinic responsibility 12. Jews and Judaism in the age of COVID 13. Conclusions","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732657254743,"sku":"9780197607183","price":26.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780197607183.jpg?v=1719997828"},{"product_id":"conquest-of-invisible-enemies-a-human-history-of-antiviral-drugs-9780197609859","title":"Conquest of Invisible Enemies A Human History of","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn his latest book, science writer and medicinal chemist Jie Jack Li guides readers through the history of viruses, vaccines, and antiviral drugs. Li chronicles the discovery and treatment of HIV\/AIDS, hepatitis, influenza, and coronaviruses. Throughout, Li focuses on how viruses have shaped human history and on the individuals who developed treatments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface    Chapter 1.  Virus Shaping History and Discovery of Virus  1.1 Virus shaping history       1.1.1 Tulipomania: bubbles of bulbs      1.1.2 The fall of old Mexico and Peru      1.1.3 Succession of thrones      1.1.4 The Louisiana Purchase  1.2 Discovery of virus      1.2.1 The gem theory      1.2.2 Discovery of virus      1.2.3 Cancer-causing viruses       1.2.4 Discovery of retrovirus    Chapter 2. HIV\/AIDS Drugs, Transforming a Death Sentence to a Chronic Disease  2.1 Discovery of the virus      2.1.1 A death sentence      2.1.2 Discovery of HIV and the great scientific controversy       2.1.3 The Nobel Prize  2.2 The first ray of hope      2.2.1 Nucleoside antiviral drugs      2.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors      2.3 HIV protease inhibitors       2.3.1 HIV protease   2.3.2 First-generation HIV protease inhibitors      2.3.3 Second-generation HIV protease inhibitors  2.4 HIV integrase inhibitors  2.5 HIV Entry Inhibitors      2.5.1 HIV fusion inhibitors      2.5.2 CCR5 inhibitors  2.6 Triumph of modern medicine     Chapter 3. Hepatitis Drugs   3.1 Hepatitis A virus      3.1.1 Discovery of hepatitis A virus       3.1.2 Hepatitis A vaccines  3.2 Hepatitis B virus      3.2.1 Discovery of hepatitis B virus      3.2.2 Hepatitis B vaccines      3.2.3 Hepatitis B drugs  3.3 Hepatitis C virus      3.3.1 Discovery of Hepatitis C virus      3.3.2 Hepatitis C virus NS3\/4A protease inhibitors      3.3.3 Hepatitis C virus NS5A replication complex inhibitors       3.3.4 Hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase inhibitors  3.4 Triumph of modern medicines    Chapter 4. Influenza: A Perennial Killer  4.1 Influenza, a perennial killer  4.2 A virus that changed the world: the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic  4.3 Discovery of the influenza virus  4.4 Influenza vaccines      4.4.1 History of vaccination      4.4.2 History of influenza vaccines      4.4.3 Influenza vaccines today  4.5 Influenza drugs      4.5.1 M2 inhibitors  4.5.2 Influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors      4.5.3 Cap-dependent endonuclease https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ribonuclease inhibitor    Chapter 5. Coronaviruses  5.1  Coronavirus Drugs      5.1.1. SARS      5.1.2. MARS      5.1.3. SARS-CoV-2  5.2  COVID-19 Vaccines      5.2.1. Pfizer\/Biotech's mRNA vaccine      5.2.2. Johnson \u0026amp; Johnson's viral vector vaccine  5.3  COVID-19 Drugs      5.3.1. Remdesivir (Veklury)      5.3.2. Dexamethasone    Chapter 6. Closing Remarks    Bibliography  Chemical Structures of Antiviral Drugs","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732657942871,"sku":"9780197609859","price":27.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780197609859.jpg?v=1719997831"},{"product_id":"your-money-or-your-life-9780197676639","title":"Your Money or Your Life","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA riveting exposé of medical debt collection in America  and the profound financial and physical costs eroding patient trust in medicineFor the crime of falling sick without wealth, Americans today face lawsuits, wage garnishment, home foreclosure, and even jail time.Yet who really profits from aggressive medical debt collection? And how does this predatory system affect patients and doctors responsible for their care?Your Money or Your Life reveals how medical debt collection became a multibillion-dollar industry and how everyday Americans are made to pay the price. Emergency physician and historian Luke Messac weaves patient stories into a history of law, finance, and medicine to show how debt and debt collection are destroying the foundational trust between doctors and patients at the heart of American healthcare. The fight to stop aggressive collection tactics has brought together people from all corners of the political spectrum. But if we want to better protect the sick from fina\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe German word for debt is the same word for guilt. But you don't have to be German to be a guilty debtor in the United States, where the sin of being ill and poor is discharged by indentured labor and the harassment of the debt collector. Luke Messac takes us on a tour of the underbelly of America's hospitals and their horrific debt practices. If there's one country where you don't want to be both poor and ill, it's the United States. * Mark Blyth, The William R. Rhodes '57 Professor of International Economics, The Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, Brown University *\u003cbr\u003eA crystal-clear critique of the travesty of profit-driven US medicine by a historian drawing on archives, oral history, public records, and his own ethnographic experience as a doctor delivering emergency care medicine for a typically predatory 'non-profit hospital' that bankrupts its poorest, most vulnerable patients. All medical students should read this book to prevent themselves from inadvertently becoming cogs in a monstrous wheel that indebts their lowest income patients. * Philippe Bourgois, Author of In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio and Co-Author of Righteous Dopefiend *\u003cbr\u003eIn the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the impetus for transforming the American health care system is more urgent than ever. Doctor and historian Luke Messac shows how the system has been warped by growing financialization and profiteering, with disastrous consequences for the millions of people struggling with medical debt. Both infuriating and illuminating, he paints a portrait too compelling to ignore. * Dave A. Chokshi, 43rd Health Commissioner of New York City *\u003cbr\u003eYour Money or Your Life offers a rare, deeply powerful, and impressively original look at the roots of medical greed and how and why health care debt is driving down the health of our nation. This book is a passionate and inspiring expression of the importance of empowering community leaders and their residents to advocate for affordable, accessible, and equitable health care before it's too late. It provides the roadmap, now it's up to all of us to heed the charge. * Daniel E. Dawes, Author of The Political Determinants of Health *\u003cbr\u003eUsually, doctors keep themselves aloof from their patients' financial troubles, but not Luke Messac. Your Money or Your Life shows how medical debt and the fear of debt decimate family finances and prevent sick people from seeking needed care. Dr. Messac, a historian and emergency physician, is one of our most important critics of the US health system. His voice is engaging and compassionate, and we must listen. * Beatrix Hoffman, Professor of History, Northern Illinois University and Author of The Wages of Sickness and Health Care for Some *\u003cbr\u003eIn Your Money or Your Life, Luke Messac weaves together the compelling, and true, story of how medical debt collection became so aggressive and its real-world impact. Taking readers on a remarkable - and eminently readable - journey through the history and practice of medical debt collection...this great book demonstrates how these events are not aberrations or one-off errors in judgment, but baked into the design of American health care and the institutions that profit from the sidelines. Dr. Messac's book proves that it will take more than occasional finger wagging or modest reforms around the edges to ensure that patients and doctors are no longer debtors and creditors. Everyone, and I do mean everyone, should read Your Money or Your Life. * Melissa B. Jacoby, Graham Kenan Professor of Law, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill *\u003cbr\u003eIn Your Money or Your Life, Dr. Messac provides a piercing and must-read investigation into how medical debt came to be such a powerful and grim force in American medicine. To create change for the millions of American families beset by the financial toxicity of our health care system, we must learn from this difficult history. * Victor Roy, Physician, Sociologist, and Author of Capitalizing a Cure: How Finance Controls the Price and Value of Medicines *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments    Introduction         Chapter 1: Before the Debt Machine       Chapter 2: No Mercy         Chapter 3: Trading in Misery        Chapter 4: Shame           Chapter 5: My Day in Court        Chapter 6: An Incomplete Answer       Chapter 7: From Here         Conclusion","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732673311063,"sku":"9780197676639","price":21.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780197676639.jpg?v=1719997895"},{"product_id":"the-smile-revolution-in-eighteenth-century-paris-9780198715825","title":"The Smile Revolution In Eighteenth Century Paris","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYou could be forgiven for thinking that the smile has no history; it has always been the same. However, just as different cultures in our own day have different rules about smiling, so did different societies in the past. In fact, amazing as it might seem, it was only in late eighteenth century France that western civilization discovered the art of the smile. In the ''Old Regime of Teeth'' which prevailed in western Europe until then, smiling was quite literally frowned upon. Individuals were fatalistic about tooth loss, and their open mouths would often have been visually repulsive. Rules of conduct dating back to Antiquity disapproved of the opening of the mouth to express feelings in most social situations. Open and unrestrained smiling was associated with the impolite lower orders. In late eighteenth-century Paris, however, these age-old conventions changed, reflecting broader transformations in the way people expressed their feelings. This allowed the emergence of the modern smile par excellence: the open-mouthed smile which, while highlighting physical beauty and expressing individual identity, revealed white teeth. It was a transformation linked to changing patterns of politeness, new ideals of sensibility, shifts in styles of self-presentation - and, not least, the emergence of scientific dentistry. These changes seemed to usher in a revolution, a revolution in smiling. Yet if the French revolutionaries initially went about their business with a smile on their faces, the Reign of Terror soon wiped it off. Only in the twentieth century would the white-tooth smile re-emerge as an accepted model of self-presentation. In this entertaining, absorbing, and highly original work of cultural history, Colin Jones ranges from the history of art, literature, and culture to the history of science, medicine, and dentistry, to tell a unique and untold story about a facial expression at the heart of western civilization.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eColin Jones knows as much about eighteenth century France as any man alive, and in this study he brings together his prodigious learning and robust curiosity to produce a book that should bring a smile to even the most sullen scholarly face ... Jones tells [his] tale with tremendous insight and wit, drawing on his knowledge of an astonishing array of disciplines and sub-disciplines, from the history of medicine to the history of art. * Darrin M. McMahon, American Historical Review *\u003cbr\u003eA tour de force ... Tullett's book is a really successful social and cultural history. * Karen Harvey, author of The Imposteress Rabbit Breeder *\u003cbr\u003e... the book... is, among other things, a secret history of dentistry and, because of Jones's wit and erudition, one simply can't imagine the topic being more fascinatingly handled. * Spear's *\u003cbr\u003e...entertaining and highly readable * Network Review, David Lorimer *\u003cbr\u003ean important contribution to the history of medicine as well as the history of the emotions...It is immensely readable * Reviews in History, Dr Jennifer Wallis *\u003cbr\u003eThe most intriguing sections of Jones's book examine the establishment of dentistry as a medical science and respectable profession in the 18th century. * Jonathan Beckman, London Review of Books *\u003cbr\u003ehighly readable, intelligent, unpretentious and even mischievous book... Jones's ingenious and puckish book, poised between high culture and pop psychology, is both entertaining and informative * TLS, Patrice Higonnet *\u003cbr\u003ePolitics, literature, dentistry and art are wrapped up in a brilliant piece of scholarship. * Michael Prodger, Book of the Year 2014, New Statesman *\u003cbr\u003efascinating exploration * Mary Beard, The Spectator *\u003cbr\u003eFascinating book * The Good Book Guide *\u003cbr\u003eIt is, in short, an inspiring work by a master of the field. * Anna Jenkin, French History *\u003cbr\u003eA combination of impressive learning and entertaining wit * Harriet Devine, Shiny New Books *\u003cbr\u003eIn just 180 pages, Jones manages to be brilliant about painting, French literature and history, the sociology of emotional expression, and the hucksterish early history of the dental profession. * The Slate, Books of the Year *\u003cbr\u003eThe most original approach to history in years ... [Colin Jones] had written one of the most absorbing and unusual history books imaginable * Michael Prodger, Sunday Times *\u003cbr\u003eimmensely readable * The Connexion *\u003cbr\u003eThe subject of Jones's book may seem recondite, but it is a fascinating mouthful. In mixing dental minutiae, sweeping social history and vivid detail to show why the smile was no laughing matter but something both mutable and meaningful he has written one of the most absorbing and unusual history books imaginable. * Michael Prodger, The Sunday Times *\u003cbr\u003ecompelling Cheshire cat of a book * Kathryn Hughes, Guardian *\u003cbr\u003eingenious and puckish book * Patrice Higonnet, Times Literary Supplement *\u003cbr\u003ea marvellous, engaging and constantly enlightening study * John Brewer, Literary Review *\u003cbr\u003eThe Smile Revolution is an education and an entertainment ... Colin Jones drills into his subject with wit, clarity and a fine theatrical flourish. * James Hamilton, The Times *\u003cbr\u003eThe intriguing untold story of how we learned to smile. * The Bookseller *\u003cbr\u003eYou will never look at an eighteenth-century portrait in the same way after you read these pages so filled with verve, wit, and insight. Colin Jones accomplishes the extraordinary feat of changing our view of the ordinary by showing us how teeth, smiles and laughing all gained profound significance. * Lynn Hunt, author of Inventing Human Rights. *\u003cbr\u003eReaders of this witty, engaging study, which wears its wide-ranging scholarship lightly, will certainly find it impossible to keep a straight face. * Malcolm Crook, History *\u003cbr\u003eIt is a joy to read ... The book is innovative and interdisciplinary in the extreme, combing social, cultural, economic, political and medical history in such a way as to make connections appear entirely natural, and bringing such traditional fields together with the new methodologies of the history of the emotions. It is, in short, an inspiring work by a master of the field. * Anna Jenkin, French History *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction 1: The Old Regime of Teeth 2: The Smile of Sensibility 3: Cometh the Dentist 4: The Making of a Revolution 5: The Transient Smile Revolution 6: Beyond the Smile Revolution Postscript: Towards the Twentieth-Century Smile Revolution Notes Index","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732768567639,"sku":"9780198715825","price":15.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198715825.jpg?v=1719998316"},{"product_id":"spitting-blood-9780198727514","title":"Spitting Blood","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTuberculosis is characterized as a social disease and few have been more inextricably linked with human history. There is evidence from the archaeological record that Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its human hosts have been together for a very long time. The very mention of tuberculosis brings to mind romantic images of great literary figures pouring out their souls in creative works as their bodies were being decimated by consumption. It is a disease that at various times has had a certain glamour associated with it. From the medieval period to the modern day, Helen Bynum explores the history and development of tuberculosis throughout the world, touching on the various discoveries that have emerged about the disease over time, and focussing on the experimental approaches of Jean-Antoine Villemin (1827-92) and Robert Koch (1842-1910). Bynum also examines the place tuberculosis holds in the popular imagination and its role in various forms of the dramatic arts. The story of tuberculosis\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an ideal overview for the general reader that will also be of interest to historians. * Network Review, David Lorimer *\u003cbr\u003eHelen Bynum has written a book not only full of diverting asides but also of urgent importance. * Richard Horton, Guardian *\u003cbr\u003eHighly recommended. * M.L. Charleroy, CHOICE *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePrologue: George Orwell (1903-1950) ; 1. Ancient Bacteria, Old Diseases ; 2. All With 'A Touch of Consumption'? ; 3. Tubercles, Airs, Waters and Places ; 4. Consumption's Fashionistas ; 5. Consumption becomes Tuberculosis ; 6. Design for Living ; 7. Tuberculosis and the Health of the Race ; 8. Streptomycin \u0026amp; co ; 9. A Job Half Done ; Epilogue: 'There is no Dypraxa'","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732772041047,"sku":"9780198727514","price":11.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198727514.jpg?v=1719998330"},{"product_id":"the-body-9780198739036","title":"The Body","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe human body is thought of conventionally as a biological entity, with its longevity, morbidity, size and even appearance determined by genetic factors immune to the influence of society or culture. Since the mid-1980s, however, there has been a rising awareness of how our bodies, and our perception of them, are influenced by the social, cultural and material contexts in which humans live.Drawing on studies of sex and gender, education, governance, the economy, and religion, Chris Shilling demonstrates how our physical being allows us to affect the material and virtual world around us, yet also enables governments to shape and direct our thoughts and actions. Revealing how social relationships, cultural images, and technological and medical advances shape our perceptions and awareness, he exposes the limitations of traditional Western traditions of thought that elevate the mind over the body as that which defines us as human. Dealing with issues ranging from cosmetic and transplant surgery, the performance of gendered identities, the commodification of bodies and body parts, and the violent consequences of competing conceptions of the body as sacred, Shilling provides a compelling account of why body matters present contemporary societies with a series of urgent and inescapable challenges.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction ; 1. Natural bodies or social bodies? ; 2. Sexed bodies ; 3. Educating bodies ; 4. Governing bodies. ; 5. Bodies as commodities ; 6. Bodies matter! Dilemmas and controversies ; References and Further Reading ; Index","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732774695255,"sku":"9780198739036","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"plague-a-very-short-introduction-very-short-introductions-9780198871118","title":"Plague A Very Short Introduction Very Short","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eVery Short Introductions\u003cb\u003e: Brilliant, Sharp, Inspiring \u003c\/b\u003eThroughout history plague has been the cause of many major catastrophes. It was responsible for the ''Plague of Justinian'' in 542, the Black Death of 1348, and the Great Plague of London in 1665, as well as for devastating epidemics in China and India between the 1890s and 1920s. In the 21st century Coronavirus pandemics have served as a powerful reminder that we have not escaped the global impact of epidemic diseases. In this Very Short Introduction, Paul Slack takes a global approach to explore the historical and social impact of plague over the centuries, looking at the ways in which it has been interpreted, and the powerful images it has left behind in art and literature. Examining what plague meant for those who suffered from it, and how governments began to fight against it, he demonstrates the impact plague has had on modern notions of public health, and how it has shaped our history. This new edition also includes evidence on the nature of plague taken from recent discoveries in ancient DNA as well as new research on plague in the Middle East. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReview from previous edition Slack takes a thematic approach to the global and comparative history of plague that provides a wonderful survey for the newcomer to the topic, while still providing food for thought to readers already well versed in the literature. * Patrick Wallis, LPS *\u003cbr\u003eThis book is not a textbook on Pasteurella pestis. Rather, using the disease it causes as a link, the text has the potential to attract the interest and attention of a wide range of readers, encompassing historical, social, geographical and economic factors and the role they played in changing European and wider social development. In these days of internet access, soundbites and the decline of text on paper, this book presents an excellent opportunity for those who wish for an absorbing and educational narrative, contained within an extremely portable package and with no risk of the battery losing its charge at an inconvenient moment. * The Bulletin of The Royal College of Pathologists, April 2013 *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgements List of Illustrations Introduction 1: Plague: what's in a name?? 2: Pandemics and epidemics 3: Big impacts: the Black Death 4: Private horrors 5: Public health 6: Enduring images 7: The lessons of histories References Further Reading Index\u003c\/b\u003e","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732824306007,"sku":"9780198871118","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"the-cancer-problem-9780198885092","title":"The Cancer Problem","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Cancer Problem offers the first medical, cultural, and social history of cancer in nineteenth-century Britain. It begins by looking at a community of doctors and patients who lived and worked in the streets surrounding the Middlesex Hospital in London. It follows in their footsteps as they walked the labyrinthine lanes and passages that branched off Tottenham Court Road; then, through seven chapters, its focus expands to successively include the rivers, lakes, and forests of England, the mountains, poverty, and hunger of the four nations of the British Isles, the reluctant and resistant inhabitants of the British Empire, and the networks of scientists and doctors spread across Europe and North America.The Cancer Problem: Malignancy in Nineteenth-Century Britain argues that it was in the nineteenth century that cancer acquired the unique emotional, symbolic, and politicized status it maintains today. Through an interrogation of the construction, deployment, and emotional consequence\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis comprehensive and meticulously researched book will provide an excellent reference guide for academic research, at the same time it is a book that the general reader with an interest in the social and cultural history of medicine will find accessible and absorbing. * Kathleen Beal, British Association for Victorian Studies *\u003cbr\u003eThe Cancer Problem offers an excellent, well-researched, and often surprising history of this disease and the professionalization surrounding it. There have been few historical studies of cancer in the nineteenth century, and every chapter of The Cancer Problem offers original insights. * Pamela K. Gilbert, Journal of British Studies *\u003cbr\u003eThe book will be welcomed by historians of Britain, scholars interested in cross-cultural studies, and historians of medicine and science. * Choice *\u003cbr\u003eIt would not surprise me if this monograph is still considered a seminal study in decades to come due to its high quality and breaking of new academic ground. * Ian Miller, Ulster University *\u003cbr\u003eThis book is certainly an important addition to the historiography of cancer, as it treads the fields of both cultural history and the more traditional history of medicine and science. Indeed, this book will be an important addition to historians studying the history of cancer, but it should likewise be of interest to a variety of scholars studying broader topics in medical history, the history of science, or the cultural and social history of England. * Dimitry Zakharov, Canadian Journal of Health History *","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732827550039,"sku":"9780198885092","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"public-health-9780199688463","title":"Public Health","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublic health is a term much used in the media, by health professionals, and by activists. At the national or the local level there are ministries or departments of public health, whilst international agencies such as the World Health Organisation promote public health policies, and regional organisations such as the European Union have public health funding and policies. But what do we mean when we speak about ''public health''? In this Very Short Introduction Virginia Berridge explores the areas which fall under the remit of public health, and explains how the individual histories of different countries have come to cause great differences in the perception of the role and responsibilities of public health organisations. Thus, in the United States litigation on public health issues is common, but state involvement is less, while some Scandinavian countries have a tradition of state involvement or even state ownership of industries such as alcohol in connection with public health. In its narrowest sense, public health can refer to the health of a population, the longevity of individual members, and their freedom from disease, but it can also be anticipatory, geared to the prevention of illness, rather than simply the provision of care and treatment. In the way public health deals with healthy as well as sick people it is therefore a separate concept from health services, which deal with the sick population. Drawing on a wide range of international examples, Berridge demonstrates the central role of history to understanding the amorphous nature of public health today.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an easy but thought-provoking read for anyone wishing to understand the scope and origins of public or global health policy. It is well referenced with suggestions for further reading. * Peter Noone, Occupational Medicine *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: What is public health? 2: Current challenges 3: The origins of public health into the 1700s 4: Sanitation to education 1800-1900s 5: The rise of lifestyle 1900-1980s 6: Tropical and international public health 7: Present and future in the light of history References Further Reading","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732886303063,"sku":"9780199688463","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199688463.jpg?v=1719998810"},{"product_id":"hysteria-9780199692989","title":"Hysteria","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe nineteenth century seems to have been full of hysterical women - or so they were diagnosed. Where are they now? The very disease no longer exists. In this fascinating account, Andrew Scull tells the story of Hysteria - an illness that disappeared not through medical endeavour, but through growing understanding and cultural change. More generally, it raises the question of how diseases are framed, and how conceptions of a disease change through history.The lurid history of hysteria makes fascinating reading. Charcot''s clinics showed off flamboyantly ''hysterical'' patients taking on sexualized poses, and among the visiting professionals was one Sigmund Freud. Scull discusses the origins of the idea of hysteria, the development of a neurological approach by John Sydenham and others, hysteria as a fashionable condition, and its growth from the 17th century. Some regarded it as a peculiarly English malady, ''the natural concomitant of England''s greater civilization and refinement''. Women were the majority of patients, and the illness became associated with female biology, resulting in some gruesome ''treatments''. Charcot and Freud were key practitioners defining the nature of the illness. But curiously, the illness seemed to swap gender during the First World War when male hysterics frequently suffering from shell shock were also subjected to brutal ''treatments''. Subsequently, the ''disease'' declined and eventually disappeared, at least in professional circles, though attenuated elements remain, reclassified for instance as post-traumatic stress disorder.Hysteria: the biography is part of the Oxford series, Biographies of Diseases, edited by William and Helen Bynum. In each individual volume an expert historian or clinician tells the story of a particular disease or condition throughout history - not only in terms of growing medical understanding of its nature and cure, but also shifting social and cultural attitudes, and changes in the meaning of the name of the disease itself.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReview from previous edition Elegantly constructed book...Skull is otherwise exemplary on the whole historical curve. * George Rousseau, TLS *\u003cbr\u003eThe stories they tell are often fascinating and alarming - pitched somewhere between farce, genius, horror and a lab report. * The Scotsman *\u003cbr\u003eThese four 'biographies' of diseases go far beyond questions of biology or medical practice; they talk politics, sex and class, faith. * The Scotsman *\u003cbr\u003eThe notion of an ailment having a birth, a lifespan, and - ideally - a demise...is an illuminating and useful concept. * Wendy Moore, British Medical Journal *\u003cbr\u003eAndrew Scull's exploration...provides an utterly enthralling study of medical ideology and sociology. * Wendy Moore, British Medical Journal *\u003cbr\u003eShould be required reading for all students of medicine. * Wendy Moore, British Medical Journal *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePrologue: Suffocation of the mother ; 1. Mysteria ; 2. Neurologie ; 3. An English malady? ; 4. Reflexly mad ; 5. American Nervousness ; 6. A hysterical circus ; 7. Freudian hysterics ; 8. The wounds of war ; 9. L'hysterie morte? ; Further reading","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732887581015,"sku":"9780199692989","price":11.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199692989.jpg?v=1719998818"},{"product_id":"ivan-pavlov-9780199925193","title":"Ivan Pavlov","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is the first scholarly biography of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) in any language. Based upon a wealth of archival material, it weaves his life and science into some 100 years of Russian history and offers a fundamental reinterpretation of his scientific style and his famous research on conditional reflexes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA shining example of an academic biography. * Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History *\u003cbr\u003eWell written, thoroughly researched and extremely readable, the cost represents good value for money and Ivan Pavlov: A Russian Life in Science deserves a place on all good library shelves. * Sue Howarth, The Biologist *\u003cbr\u003emagisterial biography * London Review of Books *\u003cbr\u003eDavid Todes has spent more then twenty years with his subject, and has evidently approached his task with the same dedication that Pavlov kept up through his many decades in the lab. Tode's sources range from the whimsical and self-revealing \"journal\" with which Pavlov wooed his future wife in 1879 to NKVD surveillance reports on his mood more than half a century later, from documents on the student Pavlov's very first research into nervous control of the organs to taped interviews with his co-workers several decades after his death. The result is history of science at its intricate best. * Stephen Lovell, The Times Literary Supplement *\u003cbr\u003eIvan Pavlov: A Russian Life in Science Science is an exceptional scientific biography, but it is also a vivid portrait of its time and place. Todes wears his exhaustive research lightly, never burdening the reader with unnecessary or undigested detail. Unlike Pavlov's dogs, teased and drained into a state of perpetual appetite, the reader is left fully sated. * Australian Book Review *\u003cbr\u003eWell written, thoroughly researched and extremely readable... * Biologist *\u003cbr\u003eDaniel P. Todes achieves a level of mastery that transforms biography into history... an exemplary work of scholarship * Science, Stephen T. Casper *\u003cbr\u003ea colossal work of scholarship and imagination * Raymond Tallis, Book of the Year 2014, Times Literary Supplement *\u003cbr\u003eProfoundly researched, densely detailed and likely to be definitive * Nature *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface ; Introduction ; PART ONE: The Seminarian Chooses Science (1849-1874) ; 1. The Pavlovs of Riazan' ; 2. Seminarian in the 'Sixties ; 3. St. Petersburg University ; PART TWO: Wilderness Years (1875-1890) ; 4. The Reluctant Physician ; 5. Serafima Vasil'evna Karchevskaia ; 6. Time of Troubles ; 7. In From the Cold ; PART THREE: Man of Tsarist Science (1891-1904) ; 8. A NonChekhovian Type ; 9. The Pavlovs of St. Petersburg ; 10. Professor of Physiology ; 11. The Physiology Factory: Forces of Production ; 12. The Physiology Factory: Relations of Production ; 13. Favorite Dogs ; 14. A Convincing Synthesis ; 15. Dacha Life ; 16. A European Reputation ; 17. Targeting the Psyche ; 18. The Nobel Prize ; PART FOUR: Nobelist in the Silver Age (1905-1914) ; 19. Amid Russia's Political Crisis ; 20. Family Life ; 21. Pavlov's Quest ; 22. The Factory Retooled ; 23. Battle of the Titans ; 24. Women Coworkers and the Physiology of Emotion ; 25. Mariia Kapitonovna Petrova ; PART FIVE: War and Revolution (1914-1921)     ; 26. War ; 27. Revolution ; 28. Cataclysm ; 29. Where Are You, Freedom? ; 30. To Leave My Homeland ; PART SIX: Prosperous Dissident (1922-1929) ; 31. The Pavlovs of Leningrad ; 32. A Great Journey ; 33. Laboratory Revival ; 34. Lecturing the Bolsheviks and Leaving the Academy ; 35. The Commissar and the Dialectician ; 36. Freud, the Flood, and the Physiology of Personality ; 37. Two Books and a Beast ; 38. Types, Temperament, and Character ; 39. Work and Play in City and Countryside ; 40. On the Eve of the Great Break ; PART SEVEN: Icon of Soviet and World Science (1929-1936) ; 41. International Celebrity ; 42. Stalin Times ; 43. Pavlov's Communists ; 44. Koltushi: Pavlov's Science Village ; 45. Psychiatry ; 46. Gestalt Pavlov-Style ; 47. Year of Climaxes ; 48. At the Summit: The International Physiology Congress ; 49. Final Days ; Epilogue ; Glossary ; Bibliography","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732890825047,"sku":"9780199925193","price":33.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199925193.jpg?v=1719998831"},{"product_id":"recipes-and-everyday-knowledge-9780226583662","title":"Recipes and Everyday Knowledge","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcross early modern Europe, men and women from all ranks gathered medical, culinary, and food preservation recipes from family and friends, experts and practitioners, and a wide array of printed materials. Recipes were tested, assessed, and modified by teams of householders, including masters and servants, husbands and wives, mothers and daughters, and fathers and sons. This much-sought know-how was written into notebooks of various shapes and sizes forming treasuries for health, each personalized to suit the whims and needs of individual communities.     In Recipes and Everyday Knowledge, Elaine Leong situates recipe knowledge and practices among larger questions of gender and cultural history, the history of the printed word, and the history of science, medicine, and technology. The production of recipes and recipe books, she argues, were at the heart of quotidian investigations of the natural world or household science. She shows how English homes acted as vibrant spaces for knowled","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732912714071,"sku":"9780226583662","price":26.6,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226583662.jpg?v=1719998924"},{"product_id":"medical-monopoly-9780226710228","title":"Medical Monopoly","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuring most of the nineteenth century, physicians and pharmacists alike considered medical patenting and the use of trademarks by drug manufacturers unethical forms of monopoly; physicians who prescribed patented drugs could be, and were, ostracized from the medical community. In the decades following the Civil War, however, complex changes in patent and trademark law intersected with the changing sensibilities of both physicians and pharmacists to make intellectual property rights in drug manufacturing scientifically and ethically legitimate. By World War I, patented and trademarked drugs had become essential to the practice of good medicine, aiding in the rise of the American pharmaceutical industry and forever altering the course of medicine.     Drawing on a wealth of previously unused archival material, Medical Monopoly combines legal, medical, and business history to offer a sweeping new interpretation of the origins of the complex and often troubling relationship between the pha\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Immensely informative.\" * New York Review of Books *\u003cbr\u003e\"Gabriel’s brilliant account of patent and trademark law and use is the first comprehensive attempt to integrate the history of pharmaceuticals . . . in the wider setting of economic history and intellectual property law history and represents a milestone in that respect.\" * Isis *\u003cbr\u003e\"In his thought-provoking and well-researched book, Gabriel explores the evolution of patenting, and to a lesser extent, trademark registration, in the American pharmaceutical industry. It is a fascinating and timely contribution.\" * EH.net *\u003cbr\u003e\"To legal historians interested in the regulatory state and corporate capitalism, Gabriel's well researched book offers new insight into monopoly as an analytic category and antimonopoly sentiment as a driver for law and policy. Gabriel also provides a unique perspective on the development of modem intellectual property, a story not previously told from the viewpoint of pharmacists and travelling drug salesmen.\" * Law \u0026amp; History Review *\u003cbr\u003e\"This fascinating book serves as a pointed reminder that the sources of therapeutic rationale are just as much tied to the production and regulation of therapies as the collective decision-making on ethical practice.\" * New Books in Medicine *\u003cbr\u003e\"\u003ci\u003eMedical Monopoly: Intellectual Property Rights and the Origins of the Modern Pharmaceutical Industry\u003c\/i\u003e, by historian of medicine and the biomedical sciences Joseph M.Gabriel, is a significant and beautifully written book. By linking the study of patenting and other monopolistic practices in the pharmaceutical industry, such as trademarks, to the history of therapeutic reform, it makes an original and valuable contribution to the historiography in a variety of fields, from intellectual property to therapeutic reform, medical ethics, and the pharmaceutical industry. \u003ci\u003eMedical Monopoly\u003c\/i\u003e is therefore of relevance to a broad range of scholars, but also to clinicians, bioethicists, and the wider public concerned by the power of companies and the potential for conflicts of interest within modern medicine.\" * Bulletin of the History of Medicine *\u003cbr\u003e\"Gabriel’s study of the early pharmaceutical industry in the U.S. is an outstanding addition to new literature. To illustrate this complex argument, Gabriel does a superb job of weaving together broad trends in patent, trademark, and antitrust law with the evolution of drug manufacturing and medical practice. The book is packed with fascinating case studies of products and their makers. Like a skilled ethnographer, Gabriel is more intent on reconstructing how past actors conceived of their actions than passing judgment on them. Paying careful and fruitful attention to “the relationship between names and things,” he avoids oversimplifying the motives of makers, prescribers, and users of drugs. Gabriel rewrites not only the history of the pharmaceutical industry but that of American medicine as well. Specialists in the history of medicine, science, and technology will appreciate his work for the fresh perspective he provides on familiar subjects. Specialists in health care policy and public health will find useful insights into contemporary debates over bioequivalence and its global implications. Finally, historians of intellectual property rights will find much to interest them in this book.\" * The American Historical Review *\u003cbr\u003e“In this important new book, Gabriel traces the surprisingly dynamic relationship between intellectual property and the economics and politics of the pharmaceutical industry. \u003ci\u003eMedical Monopoly\u003c\/i\u003e narrates the formation and reorganization of the ‘ethical pharmaceutical industry’ in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries around questions of patents, trademarks, and a series of mutually defining alliances made between the medical profession and the modern pharmaceutical enterprise. Gabriel’s research in preparation for this volume has been meticulous, and his narrative pacing will help audiences from many different fields engage with the provocative story he has to tell. The resultant work is an elegant demonstration of the power of historical analysis in understanding the present-day connections between patents, trademarks, medical science, and the marketplace, with substantial implications for contemporary policy and practice.” -- Jeremy A. Greene, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine\u003cbr\u003e“In this lively account, Gabriel takes us back to the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to explore the early histories of the manufacturing, marketing, patenting, and regulation of drugs and their roles in transforming the practice of American medicine. Marrying a keen eye for detail with attention to the larger picture, Gabriel explores the tensions between beneficence and business in the emergent pharmaceutical industry. This meticulously researched book establishes Gabriel as one of the nation’s experts on the pharmaco-medical enterprise in America from the early Republic to the Progressive Era.” -- Elizabeth Watkins, University of California, San Francisco\u003cbr\u003e“\u003ci\u003eMedical Monopoly \u003c\/i\u003eis a fascinating book about the history of intellectual property (IP) rights in pharmaceuticals. Gabriel traces the role that patents and trademarks played in the development of the pharmaceutical industry, explores the question of whether IP rights promoted research and development, and identifies the changing attitudes of physicians and scientists to the propriety of patenting drugs. The book reaches a number of conclusions that are surprising to the contemporary student of both IP and pharmaceuticals, and Gabriel does a nice job of marshaling the massive amount of evidence he uncovered into a chronological narrative. This important work will be of interest to historians of patents and trademarks; to historians of medicine, science, and technology; and to scholars of contemporary IP and science policy.” -- Catherine Fisk, University of California, Irvine\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eA Note about Terms\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 1 Medical Science and Property Rights in the Early Republic\u003cbr\u003e 2 Monopoly and Ethics in the Antebellum Years\u003cbr\u003e 3 In the Shadow of War\u003cbr\u003e 4 Therapeutic Reform and the Reinterpretation of Monopoly\u003cbr\u003e 5 The Ambiguities of Abundance\u003cbr\u003e 6 The Embrace of Intellectual Property\u003cbr\u003e Conclusion: The Promise of Reform\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e Archival Collections Consulted\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eNotes\u003cbr\u003e Index\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732916482391,"sku":"9780226710228","price":24.7,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226710228.jpg?v=1719998938"},{"product_id":"forbidden-knowledge-medicine-science-and-censorship-in-early-modern-italy-9780226736587","title":"Forbidden Knowledge  Medicine Science and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“A remarkable book indeed, at once learned and engaging, well written and well conceived. It is also thoroughly researched. . . . Marcus provides us with a refreshing perspective on medicine, science, books, reading practices, professional self-definition, the discourse of utility, and the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge in early modern Italy. Her own book, which is well illustrated with thirty-six figures, is both illuminating and a pleasure to read.”  * Journal of Modern History *\u003cbr\u003e\"Wonderful. . . . [The book] offers and provokes meditation on the timeless nature of censorship, its practices, its intentions and, perhaps especially, its (unintended) outcomes. . . . \u003ci\u003eForbidden Knowledge \u003c\/i\u003ealso makes an important intervention in the debate about Counter-Reformation Italy, still often represented as dominated by repressive Catholic institutions. Marcus' study of the censorship of medical texts reveals a much richer picture. . . . The book offers an invaluable meditation on the processes meant to distinguish good knowledge from bad, and the fluidity of those categories.\" * Times Higher Education *\u003cbr\u003e\"Many years have passed since microhistory was the latest fashion in historiography, but [this] complex, extremely erudite, nuanced, and very carefully researched book by Hannah Marcus shows how its legacy is still with us, reinterpreted in creative and innovative ways. . . . This book, written with clarity, passion and erudition at the same time as being extremely well-researched, is a model of history writing and has the potential of becoming a classic.\" * Metascience *\u003cbr\u003e\"Marcus expertly explores the mechanics and meaning of the censorship of medical writings in post-Tridentine Italy in this innovative and original study. . . . \u003ci\u003eForbidden Knowledge\u003c\/i\u003e succeeds on multiple levels that allow for the revision of many assumptions about post-Tridentine intellectual activity. By providing details into the practices of expurgation and licensing, the book delineates the priorities of the Catholic Church, while demystifying censorship. . . . Additionally, she unveils the interests and priorities of the medical community in a manner that exceeds what is often found in traditional intellectual histories. . . . Most importantly, Marcus deftly explains the various contradictions that shaped the interactions between Catholic authorities and the medical and scientific communities of early modern Italy, showing how these dynamics defined the role of outside expertise in creating 'Catholic Knowledge' for centuries to come.\"  * Annals of Science *\u003cbr\u003e\"Throughout, Marcus expresses her insights in a very readable prose enriched by an excellent eye for telling anecdotes. . . . Marcus has provided an impressively researched book that makes several important contributions to understanding the application of Reformation-era Catholic censorship to the intellectual world of Italian learned medicine. There is much to draw on, and build on, in this book.\" * Social History of Medicine *\u003cbr\u003e\"[A] meticulously researched study. . . . This monograph presents a series of powerful and convincing arguments about the shaping of both Catholic culture and scientific knowledge in the early modern period, but it is equally rich in material for scholars from different disciplinary and methodological viewpoints. Marcus deftly deploys the techniques and concerns of scholars who study the history of book production—collecting, material culture, literacy, and reading. In short, her work presents a compelling argument married to an innovative series of methodologies.\" * Journal of Interdisciplinary History *\u003cbr\u003e\"This is an important study that all scholars and advanced students of early modern Europe will want to read, especially those interested in early modern medicine, religion, and the history of the book. . . . Highly recommended.\" * Choice *\u003cbr\u003e\"Marcus provides a fresh perspective on the complex, often conflictual, relationship between religion and science in the Counter-Reformation age, illustrating the tortuous reception of prohibited medical texts in Catholic Italy.\" * Nuncius *\u003cbr\u003e\"Marcus shows how censors did their job in Counter-Reformation Italy, using medicine as a test case. Censors’ tools ranged from humanist techniques for reading, which enabled them to find and highlight problematic passages, to pens and scissors, with which they defaced the names of religious enemies and much more. But their means and powers were always limited. Drawing on unexplored documents, Marcus also recreates the system of permissions that enabled medical men to stay abreast of the new books printed in Protestant Europe. As lively as it is learned, this book reveals that Italian libraries witnessed as many scenes of struggle as of repression.\" -- Anthony Grafton, Princeton University\u003cbr\u003e“\u003ci\u003eForbidden Knowledge \u003c\/i\u003eis a fascinating story of what can go wrong in censorship regimes when the censored field is seen as essential to human health and welfare, and when the works of the authors most in need of censoring are widely recognized as indispensable to the field. In this impeccably researched book, Marcus brings her story alive by focusing on the people involved in censorship and expurgation: frustrated administrators, busy and uncooperative professors, expert readers eager to pad their libraries at the Church’s expense, and an expurgator so pious he insisted on censoring his own works. An important contribution to the histories of early modern medicine, censorship, and the book.\" -- Katharine Park, author of Secrets of Women: Gender, Generation, and the Origins of Human Dissection\u003cbr\u003e\"Marcus’s story about censorship ranges much more widely than most Anglophone accounts of the topic. Her point is that the system as we see it developing in sixteenth-century Italy was not only a device for suppressing texts, but a collection of practices for editing them, approving them, and directing their circulation. The book is provocative, overdue, and exciting. It will become an obligatory point of reference in the field, and I can imagine it acting as the launching pad for a generation of future studies.\" -- Adrian Johns, author of Piracy: The Intellectual Property Wars from Gutenberg to Gates\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction: The Paradox of Censorship\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 1. The Medical Republic of Letters and the Roman Indexes of Prohibited Books\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 2. Locating Expertise, Soliciting Expurgations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 3. The Censor at Work\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 4. Censoring Medicine in Rome’s \u003ci\u003eIndex Expurgatorius \u003c\/i\u003eof 1607\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 5. Prohibited Medical Books and Licensed Readers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 6. Creating Censored Objects\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 7. Prohibited Books in Universal Libraries\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Epilogue\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Acknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e Appendix\u003cbr\u003e Notes\u003cbr\u003e Bibliography\u003cbr\u003e Index","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732917858647,"sku":"9780226736587","price":38.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226736587.jpg?v=1719998944"},{"product_id":"william-james-md-9780226828985","title":"William James MD","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe first book to map William James's preoccupation with medical ideas, concerns, and values across the breadth of his work.     William James is known as a nineteenth-century philosopher, psychologist, and psychical researcher. Less well-known is how his interest in medicine influenced his life and work, driving his ambition to change the way American society conceived of itself in body, mind, and soul. William James, MD offers an account of the development and cultural significance of James's ideas and works, and establishes, for the first time, the relevance of medical themes to his major lines of thought.     James lived at a time when old assumptions about faith and the moral and religious possibilities for human worth and redemption were increasingly displaced by a concern with the medically normal and the perfectibility of the body. Woven into treatises that warned against humanity's decline, these ideas were part of the eugenics movement and reflected a growing social stigma at\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“By examining the ‘sick’ William James, Sutton reveals an intriguing relation between pain and philosophical outlook in his work. Her analysis not only gives us new understanding of the ‘adorable genius’; it reminds us that philosophy itself often springs from lived experience, and enduring ideas can find their beginnings even in the most inhospitable human circumstances.” * Book Post *\u003cbr\u003e“Fabulous . . . Changed everything that I thought I knew about Williams James.” * New Books Network *\u003cbr\u003e“Sutton has not provided the world with yet another biography of philosopher and psychologist, William James. Instead, she has used her impressive research and analytical skills to provide important insights regarding the relationship between James’s many physical and psychological challenges and his intellectual output. Sutton argues that James’s experiences of infirmity have direct effects on his philosophical arguments, not as intellectual irritants but as substantive catalysts for leading to deep insights. This book shows just how thoroughly embodied James’s philosophy truly is, and as such, makes an important contribution to Jamesian scholarship.” -- D. Micah Hester, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences\u003cbr\u003e“Sutton’s study offers a brilliant new reading of James. Her original approach not only brings new dimensions to issues around illness, pain, health, and medicine—though Sutton performs this with precision—but offers a rare scholarly analysis of his letters, reviews, notebooks, and diaries to provide a fuller picture of his personal life and his intellectual engagements. It shows the vital quality of James’s holistic integration of life and thought and the lived quality of his intellectual concerns around sickness and health. With this work, Sutton shows us that the margins of the archive are as important to Jamesian scholarship as his main works. It is a rich study that roots James’s thinking in the reality of his embodied life and shows that, with a sensitivity to his language, we can see the voice of the physician in his psychology, philosophy, and analysis of religion.” -- Jeremy Carrette, University of Edinburgh\u003cbr\u003e“This book changes our perception of James as a philosopher and intellectual. The best extended piece of scholarship on James in a long time.” -- Sarin Marchetti, Sapienza University\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eList of Figures\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Introduction: The Public Physician  Diagnosing James  A Philosophy of Everyday Life  1: Misery and Metaphysics\u003cbr\u003e A Dark Business\u003cbr\u003e The Problem of Evil\u003cbr\u003e Poisoned with Utilitarian Venom\u003cbr\u003e The Ethics of Self-Destruction\u003cbr\u003e Conscious Automata\u003cbr\u003e 2: Health and Hygiene\u003cbr\u003e The Laws of Health\u003cbr\u003e The Alcohol Question\u003cbr\u003e Habit\u003cbr\u003e Talks to Teachers\u003cbr\u003e Emotions and the Body\u003cbr\u003e 3: Religion and Regeneration\u003cbr\u003e The Science of Organic Life\u003cbr\u003e The Wonder-Mongers\u003cbr\u003e The Hidden Self\u003cbr\u003e A Wild World\u003cbr\u003e 4: Energy and Endurance\u003cbr\u003e Mortal Disease, Morality, and God\u003cbr\u003e The Divided Self\u003cbr\u003e Superhuman Life\u003cbr\u003e The Energies of Men\u003cbr\u003e 5: Politics and Pathology\u003cbr\u003e The Political James\u003cbr\u003e Defending the Degenerate\u003cbr\u003e Validating the Invalid\u003cbr\u003e The Voice of the Sick\u003cbr\u003e Therapeutic Campaigns\u003cbr\u003e Conclusion: Afterlife\u003cbr\u003e Fit to Live\u003cbr\u003e Moral Medicine\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Acknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e Notes\u003cbr\u003e Archival Sources\u003cbr\u003e Bibliography\u003cbr\u003e Index","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732932604247,"sku":"9780226828985","price":22.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226828985.jpg?v=1719999004"},{"product_id":"forbidden-knowledge-9780226829470","title":"Forbidden Knowledge","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn exploration of the censorship of medical books from their proliferation in print through the prohibitions placed on them during the Counter-Reformation.   Forbidden Knowledge explores the censorship of medical books from their proliferation in print through the prohibitions placed on them during the Counter-Reformation. How and why did books banned in Italy in the sixteenth century end up back on library shelves in the seventeenth? Historian Hannah Marcus uncovers how early modern physicians evaluated the utility of banned books and facilitated their continued circulation in conversation with Catholic authorities.     Through extensive archival research, Marcus highlights how talk of scientific utility, once thought to have begun during the Scientific Revolution, in fact, began earlier, emerging from ecclesiastical censorship and the desire to continue to use banned medical books. What's more, this censorship in medicine, which preceded the Copernican debate in astronomy by sixty ye\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“A remarkable book indeed, at once learned and engaging, well written and well conceived. It is also thoroughly researched. . . . Marcus provides us with a refreshing perspective on medicine, science, books, reading practices, professional self-definition, the discourse of utility, and the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge in early modern Italy. Her own book, which is well illustrated with thirty-six figures, is both illuminating and a pleasure to read.”  * Journal of Modern History *\u003cbr\u003e\"Wonderful. . . . [The book] offers and provokes meditation on the timeless nature of censorship, its practices, its intentions and, perhaps especially, its (unintended) outcomes. . . . \u003ci\u003eForbidden Knowledge \u003c\/i\u003ealso makes an important intervention in the debate about Counter-Reformation Italy, still often represented as dominated by repressive Catholic institutions. Marcus' study of the censorship of medical texts reveals a much richer picture. . . . The book offers an invaluable meditation on the processes meant to distinguish good knowledge from bad, and the fluidity of those categories.\" * Times Higher Education *\u003cbr\u003e\"Many years have passed since microhistory was the latest fashion in historiography, but [this] complex, extremely erudite, nuanced, and very carefully researched book by Hannah Marcus shows how its legacy is still with us, reinterpreted in creative and innovative ways. . . . This book, written with clarity, passion and erudition at the same time as being extremely well-researched, is a model of history writing and has the potential of becoming a classic.\" * Metascience *\u003cbr\u003e\"Marcus expertly explores the mechanics and meaning of the censorship of medical writings in post-Tridentine Italy in this innovative and original study. . . . \u003ci\u003eForbidden Knowledge\u003c\/i\u003e succeeds on multiple levels that allow for the revision of many assumptions about post-Tridentine intellectual activity. By providing details into the practices of expurgation and licensing, the book delineates the priorities of the Catholic Church, while demystifying censorship. . . . Additionally, she unveils the interests and priorities of the medical community in a manner that exceeds what is often found in traditional intellectual histories. . . . Most importantly, Marcus deftly explains the various contradictions that shaped the interactions between Catholic authorities and the medical and scientific communities of early modern Italy, showing how these dynamics defined the role of outside expertise in creating 'Catholic Knowledge' for centuries to come.\"  * Annals of Science *\u003cbr\u003e\"Throughout, Marcus expresses her insights in a very readable prose enriched by an excellent eye for telling anecdotes. . . . Marcus has provided an impressively researched book that makes several important contributions to understanding the application of Reformation-era Catholic censorship to the intellectual world of Italian learned medicine. There is much to draw on, and build on, in this book.\" * Social History of Medicine *\u003cbr\u003e\"[A] meticulously researched study. . . . This monograph presents a series of powerful and convincing arguments about the shaping of both Catholic culture and scientific knowledge in the early modern period, but it is equally rich in material for scholars from different disciplinary and methodological viewpoints. Marcus deftly deploys the techniques and concerns of scholars who study the history of book production—collecting, material culture, literacy, and reading. In short, her work presents a compelling argument married to an innovative series of methodologies.\" * Journal of Interdisciplinary History *\u003cbr\u003e\"This is an important study that all scholars and advanced students of early modern Europe will want to read, especially those interested in early modern medicine, religion, and the history of the book. . . . Highly recommended.\" * Choice *\u003cbr\u003e\"Marcus provides a fresh perspective on the complex, often conflictual, relationship between religion and science in the Counter-Reformation age, illustrating the tortuous reception of prohibited medical texts in Catholic Italy.\" * Nuncius *\u003cbr\u003e\"Marcus shows how censors did their job in Counter-Reformation Italy, using medicine as a test case. Censors’ tools ranged from humanist techniques for reading, which enabled them to find and highlight problematic passages, to pens and scissors, with which they defaced the names of religious enemies and much more. But their means and powers were always limited. Drawing on unexplored documents, Marcus also recreates the system of permissions that enabled medical men to stay abreast of the new books printed in Protestant Europe. As lively as it is learned, this book reveals that Italian libraries witnessed as many scenes of struggle as of repression.\" -- Anthony Grafton, Princeton University\u003cbr\u003e“\u003ci\u003eForbidden Knowledge \u003c\/i\u003eis a fascinating story of what can go wrong in censorship regimes when the censored field is seen as essential to human health and welfare, and when the works of the authors most in need of censoring are widely recognized as indispensable to the field. In this impeccably researched book, Marcus brings her story alive by focusing on the people involved in censorship and expurgation: frustrated administrators, busy and uncooperative professors, expert readers eager to pad their libraries at the Church’s expense, and an expurgator so pious he insisted on censoring his own works. An important contribution to the histories of early modern medicine, censorship, and the book.\" -- Katharine Park, author of Secrets of Women: Gender, Generation, and the Origins of Human Dissection\u003cbr\u003e\"Marcus’s story about censorship ranges much more widely than most Anglophone accounts of the topic. Her point is that the system as we see it developing in sixteenth-century Italy was not only a device for suppressing texts, but a collection of practices for editing them, approving them, and directing their circulation. The book is provocative, overdue, and exciting. It will become an obligatory point of reference in the field, and I can imagine it acting as the launching pad for a generation of future studies.\" -- Adrian Johns, author of Piracy: The Intellectual Property Wars from Gutenberg to Gates\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction: The Paradox of Censorship\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 1. The Medical Republic of Letters and the Roman Indexes of Prohibited Books\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 2. Locating Expertise, Soliciting Expurgations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 3. The Censor at Work\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 4. Censoring Medicine in Rome’s \u003ci\u003eIndex Expurgatorius \u003c\/i\u003eof 1607\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 5. Prohibited Medical Books and Licensed Readers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 6. Creating Censored Objects\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 7. Prohibited Books in Universal Libraries\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Epilogue\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Acknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e Appendix\u003cbr\u003e Notes\u003cbr\u003e Bibliography\u003cbr\u003e Index","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732932931927,"sku":"9780226829470","price":21.85,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226829470.jpg?v=1719999007"},{"product_id":"madness-and-enterprise-9780226830896","title":"Madness and Enterprise","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUncovers a powerful relationship between pathology and money: beginning in the nineteenth century, the severity of mental illness was measured against a patient's economic productivity.    Madness and Enterprise reveals the economic norms embedded within psychiatric thinking about mental illness in the North Atlantic world. Over the course of the nineteenth century, various forms of madness were subjected to a style of psychiatric reasoning that was preoccupied with money. Psychiatrists across Western Europe and the United States attributed financial and even moral value to an array of pathological conditions, such that some mental disorders were seen as financial assets and others as economic liabilities. By turning to economic conduct and asking whether potential patients appeared capable of managing their financial affairs or even generating wealth, psychiatrists could often bypass diagnostic uncertainties about a person's mental state.    Through an exploration of the intertwined h\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“In this smart and sophisticated book, Bassiri shows us how an economic style of reasoning came to permeate psychiatry at the turn of the century. Not only were economic and psychiatric metaphors constantly entangled with one another but madness itself became central to economic rationalization. This book offers us a radically new perspective on the history of psychiatry. It also puts forth a fascinating \u003ci\u003ephilosophy \u003c\/i\u003eof psychiatry which places irrationalism at the heart of modern capitalism.” -- Camille Robcis, Columbia University\u003cbr\u003e“For too long, we have accepted a contrast between madness and reason and all the more so between madness and economics. But Bassiri brilliantly demonstrates how our conceptions of madness and moral value are shot through with economic ideas, that in modern societies madness has had a fully economic rationality, that this economic rationality matters for social thought as much as for psychiatric treatments. In a historical epistemology that forces us to reread classics of modern psychology as much as relearn its story through half-forgotten intellectuals, he offers something truly original: a theory of suffering amid capitalist enterprise, and of the ways in which we can imagine a form of care unbound by a century and a half of transactional thinking.” -- Stefanos Geroulanos, New York University","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732935029079,"sku":"9780226830896","price":28.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226830896.jpg?v=1719999016"},{"product_id":"the-medicine-book-9780241471258","title":"The Medicine Book","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSteve Parker\u003c\/b\u003e is a writer and editor of more than 300 information books specializing in science, particularly biology and medicine, and allied life sciences. He has authored titles for a range of ages and publishers, including the award-winning\u003ci\u003e Kill or Cure: An Illustrated History of Medicine\u003c\/i\u003e for DK.","brand":"Dorling Kindersley Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733133209943,"sku":"9780241471258","price":16.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780241471258.jpg?v=1719999531"},{"product_id":"macdonald-l-roses-of-no-mans-land-9780241952405","title":"Macdonald L Roses of No Mans Land","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTHE INSPIRATION BEHIND THE BBC DRAMA \u003ci\u003eTHE CRIMSON FIELD\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e''On the face of it,'' writes Lyn Macdonald, ''no one could have been less equipped for the job than these gently nurtured girls who walked straight out of Edwardian drawing rooms into the manifest horrors of the First World War ...'' \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYet the volunteer nurses rose magnificently to the occasion. In leaking tents and draughty huts they fought another war, a war against agony and death, as men lay suffering from the pain of unimaginable wounds or diseases we can now cure almost instantly. It was here that young doctors frantically forged new medical techniques - of blood transfusion, dentistry, psychiatry and plastic surgery - in the attempt to save soldiers shattered in body or spirit. And it was here that women achieved a quiet but permanent revolution, by proving beyond question they could do anything. 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It is the story of women like Ruth Sullivan, who rebelled against a medical establishment that blamed refrigerator mothers for causing autism, of fathers who pushed scientists to dig harder for treatments, of parents who force\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDonvan and Zucker's generous yet sharp-eyed portraits of men, women, and children - most of them unknown until now - make it stunningly clear that we all have a stake in the story of autism. We come to understand that we are all wired differently, and that how we treat those who are different than most is a telling measure of who we truly are. This is the kind of history that not only informs but enlarges the spirit -- Susan Cain, author of Quiet\u003cbr\u003eFast-paced and far-reaching... this is an important missing piece to the conversation about autism; no one trying to make sense of the spectrum should do so without reading this book -- Andrew Solomon, author of Far from the Tree\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733384769879,"sku":"9780241958179","price":15.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780241958179.jpg?v=1719999978"},{"product_id":"florence-nightingale-9780241989227","title":"Florence Nightingale","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWinner of the Elizabeth Longford prize for Historical Biography\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  \u003cb\u003e''Engrossing'' Claire Tomalin \/ ''Superb'' Sunday Times \/ ''A triumph'' Daily Mail\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  Whether honoured and admired or criticized and ridiculed, Florence Nightingale has invariably been misrepresented and misunderstood. 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But the awesome scale of her achievements over the course of her 90 years is infinitely more troubling - and inspiring - than this mythical simplification.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e From her tireless campaigning and staggering intellectual abilities to her tortured relationship with her sister and her distressing medical condition, this vivid and immensely readable biography draws on a wealth of unpublished material and previously unseen family papers, disentangling the myth from the reality and reinv\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733434773847,"sku":"9780241989227","price":11.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780241989227.jpg?v=1720000066"},{"product_id":"the-great-influenza-9780241991565","title":"The Great Influenza","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTHE #1 \u003ci\u003eNEW YORK TIMES\u003c\/i\u003e BESTSELLER\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e''Everything you need to know about one of the deadliest outbreaks in human history'' Bill Gates\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e''Easily our fullest, richest, most panoramic history of the subject'' \u003ci\u003eNew York Times Book Review\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eIn 1918, the world faced the deadliest pandemic in human history. What can the story of the so-called Spanish Flu teach us\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eabout the fight against present day crises, and how to prepare for future outbreaks?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e At the height of WWI, history''s most lethal influenza virus erupted in an army camp in Kansas, moved east with American troops, then exploded, killing as many as 100 million people worldwide. It killed more people in twenty-four months than AIDS killed in twenty-four years, more in a year than the Black Death killed in a century. But this was not the Middle Ages, and 1918 marked the first collision of science and epidemic disease.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMagisterial in its breadth of perspectiv\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e'Everything you need to know about one of the deadliest outbreaks in human history'\u003c\/b\u003e -- Bill Gates\u003cbr\u003e'Easily \u003cb\u003eour fullest, richest, most panoramic history of the subject'\u003c\/b\u003e -- \u003ci\u003eNew York Times Book Review\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMonumental... powerfully intelligent... \u003cb\u003enot just a masterful narrative... but also an authoritative and disturbing morality tale\u003c\/b\u003e -- \u003ci\u003eChicago Tribune\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'A sobering account of the 1918 flu epidemic, \u003cb\u003ecompelling and timely'\u003c\/b\u003e -- \u003ci\u003eBoston Globe\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e'Majestic, spellbinding treatment of a mass killer'\u003c\/b\u003e -- \u003ci\u003eKirkus\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'History brilliantly written... \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Great Influenza\u003c\/i\u003e is a masterpiece'\u003c\/b\u003e -- \u003ci\u003eBaton Rouge Advocate\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733435199831,"sku":"9780241991565","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780241991565.jpg?v=1720000068"},{"product_id":"asylum-9780262013499","title":"Asylum","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"MIT Press Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733442802007,"sku":"9780262013499","price":50.14,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780262013499.jpg?v=1720000100"},{"product_id":"the-mould-in-dr-floreys-coat-9780349117683","title":"The Mould In Dr Floreys Coat","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMany people know that in 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin''s antibiotic potential while examining a stray mould that had bloomed in a dish of bacteria in his London laboratory. But few realise that Fleming worked only fitfully on penicillin until 1935, and that he is merely one character in the remarkable story of the antibiotic''s development as a drug. The others are Howard Florey, Professor of Pathology at Oxford University, where he ran the Dunn School; the German Jewish emigre and biochemist Ernst Chain; and Norman Heatley, one of the few scientists in Britain capable of the micro-analysis of organic substances. It was these three men and their colleagues at the Dunn School who would battle a lack of money, a lack of resources and even each other to develop a drug that would change the world. It was these three men and their colleagues who would be almost forgotten. 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Combining the views of different schools, it relies on natural law as conceptualized in \"yin\/yang\" and Five Agents doctrines to define health and disease, and repeatedly emphasizes personal responsibility for the quality of one's life.","brand":"University of California Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733839688023,"sku":"9780520266988","price":136.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780520266988.jpg?v=1720001856"},{"product_id":"the-mystery-of-the-exploding-teeth-and-other-curiosities-from-the-history-of-medicine-9780552175456","title":"The Mystery of the Exploding Teeth and Other","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDelightfully horrifying. * Popular Science *\u003cbr\u003eA delightful romp through a myriad of entertaining, arcane and obscure medical anecdotes. Fascinating and entertaining... a curious window into a vitalistic era of medical practice. -- Adrian Woolfson * Wall Street Journal *\u003cbr\u003eA witty account of bizarre medical tales from history. Read it, weep and be very grateful for modern medicine. * Daily Express *\u003cbr\u003eBlending fascinating history with cutting wit, surgical historian Thomas Morris mines the medical journals and explores some of the strangest cases that have perplexed doctors across the world. * Big Issue *\u003cbr\u003eA Ripley-esque collection of 'compellingly disgusting, hilarious, or downright bizarre' medical oddities... accompanied by the author's witty and often humorous, colloquial commentary. * Kirkus Reviews *","brand":"Transworld Publishers Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48735169184087,"sku":"9780552175456","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780552175456.jpg?v=1723810052"},{"product_id":"collecting-the-world-9780718194437","title":"Collecting the World","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eHans Sloane was the greatest collector of his time, and one of the greatest of all time. His name is familiar today through the London streets and squares named after him, but the man himself, and his achievements, are almost forgotten.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBorn in the north of Ireland, Sloane made his fortune as a physician to London''s wealthiest residents. In 1687 he travelled to Jamaica, then at the heart of Britain''s commercial empire, to survey its natural history, and later organised a network of correspondents who sent him curiosities from across the world. He became one of the eighteenth century''s preeminent natural historians and assembled an astonishing collection of specimens, artefacts and oddities - the most famous curiosity cabinet of the age. Shortly after his death, Sloane''s vast collection was then acquired - as he had hoped - by the nation. 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Seed Magazine 2010 An impressive work and one that scientists will benefit from reading. Shapin reminds us that... neither scientists nor science itself can be separated from the context of peoples' minds, bodies, cultures, societies. Expectations based on any other understanding are simply unrealistic. -- Sam Lemonick Chemical and Engineering News 2010 He is a graceful and engaging essayist, and the ample selection of essays in Never Pure ... affords an excellent basis for reflecting on what he has had to say about the life of science. -- Robert E. Kohler Science 2010 Never Pure will enrich the bookshelf of any historian of science. -- Katy Barrett Endeavour 2010\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface\u003cbr\u003e1. Lowering the Tone in the History of Science: A Noble Calling\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I: Methods and Maxims\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Cordelia's Love: Credibility and the Social Studies of Science\u003cbr\u003e3. How to Be Antiscientific\u003cbr\u003e4. Science and Prejudice in Historical Perspective\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II: Places and Practices\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. The House of Experiment in Seventeenth-century England\u003cbr\u003e6. Pump and Circumstance: Robert Boyle's Literary Technology\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III: The Scientific Person\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7. \"The Mind Is Its Own Place\": Science and Solitude in Seventeenth-century England\u003cbr\u003e8. \"A Scholar and a Gentleman\": The Problematic Identity of the Scientific Practitioner in Seventeenth-century England\u003cbr\u003e9. Who Was Robert Hooke?\u003cbr\u003e10. Who Is the Industrial Scientist? Commentary from Academic Sociology and from the Shop Floor in the United States, ca. 1900–ca. 1970\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV: The Body of Knowledge and the Knowledge of Body\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11. The Philosopher and the Chicken: On the Dietetics of Disembodied Knowledge\u003cbr\u003e12. How to Eat Like a Gentleman: Dietetics and Ethics in Early Modern England\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart V: The World of Science and the World of Common Sense\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13. Trusting George Cheyne: Scientific Expertise, Common Sense, and Moral Authority in Early Eighteenth-century Dietetic Medicine\u003cbr\u003e14. Proverbial Economies: How an Understanding of Some Linguistic and Social Features of Common Sense Can Throw Light on More Prestigious Bodies of Knowledge, Science for Example\u003cbr\u003e15. Descartes the Doctor: Rationalism and Its Therapies\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart VI: Science and Modernity\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16. Science and the Modern World\u003cbr\u003eNotes\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Johns Hopkins University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48737343897943,"sku":"9780801894213","price":28.98,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780801894213.jpg?v=1723811139"},{"product_id":"dissection-in-classical-antiquity-9781009159470","title":"Dissection in Classical Antiquity","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDissection is a practice with a long history stretching back to antiquity and has played a crucial role in the development of anatomical knowledge. This absorbing book takes the story back to classical antiquity, employing a wide range of textual and material evidence. 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It combines a refreshingly critical attitude to the sources with a clear and elegant exposition of the development of early Western ideas about the structures and workings of the body.' Vivian Nutton, UCL\u003cbr\u003e'exquisitely detailed' James Uden, The Times Literary Supplement\u003cbr\u003e'… a welcome addition to the literature on the social history of ancient medicine.' Chiara Cecconi, Bryn Mawr Classical Review\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction; Part I. Practice: 2. Dissection in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods; 3. Dissection in the Roman Period; 4. Practical Considerations of the Dissector; 5. The Broader Social Contexts of Dissection; Part II. Text: 6. Anatomical Texts of the Classical and Hellenistic Periods; 7. Anatomical Texts of the Roman Period; 8. Galenic Anatomy before Anatomical Procedures; 9. Galen's Anatomical Procedures and its Innovations; 10. 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In its most complete formulation, this model says that substantial generation involves three principles: (1) matter, which is the subject from which the change proceeds; (2) form, which is the end towards which the process advances; and (3) an efficient cause, which directs the process towards that form. By examining the development of this model across Aristotle''s works, Devin Henry seeks to deepen our grasp on how the doctrine of hylomorphism - understood as a blueprint for thinking about the world - informs our understanding of the process by which new substances come into being.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'… Henry's interpretation is philosophically fruitful and well-motivated. This excellent book is essential reading for students of Aristotle's metaphysics and biology.' 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It also showcases available software, both commercial and free, and provides many real case studies of where the designs have been used in real trials. The book is written by three experts in the field who understand well the benefits and limitations of these approaches. It is relevant to those who work in academic trials as well as the pharmaceutical industry. I would highly recommend it as a great resource for clinical trialists who want to understand these approaches better.' James Wason, Professor of Biostatistics, Newcastle University\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbout the Author; Preface; Part I. History and Introduction to Clinical Trial Research: 1. Introduction to Clinical Trial Research; 2. History of Clinical Trial Research. Part II. Basic Ingredients for Adaptive Trial Designs and Common Types: 3. Characteristics and Principles of Adaptive Trial Designs; 4. Common Types of Adaptive Trial Designs; 5. Clinical Trial Simulations; Part III. Basic Ingredients for Master Protocols: 6. Characteristics and Principles of Master Protocols; 7. Platform Trials; 8. Basket and Umbrella Trials; Part IV. Case Studies of Adaptive Trial Designs and Master Protocols; 9. Case Studies of Adaptive Trial Designs; 10. Case Studies of Platform Trials; 11. Case Studies of Basket and Umbrella Trials; 12. Standards and Guidelines for Adaptive Trial Designs and Master Protocols; Part V. A Practical Guide to Adaptive Trial Designs and Master Protocols: 13. Common Misconceptions of Adaptive Trial Designs and Master Protocols; 14. 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