{"title":"Grammar, syntax and morphology Books","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"the-penguin-dictionary-of-english-grammar-9780140514643","title":"The Penguin Dictionary of English Grammar","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis succinct and authoritative volume is the perfect guide to the many grammatical laws and idiosyncrasies that govern the English Language. Larry Trask writes with remarkable clarity, communicating complex abstract ideas with enviable ease. By focusing only on what is relevant, current and genuinely helpful, THE PENGUIN DICTIONARY OF GRAMMAR is essential reading for linguists, English Language students, and indeed anyone who writes in English. The Society of Freelance Edtitors and Proofreaders recommended his PUNCTUATION book as ''excellent''.","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732384100695,"sku":"9780140514643","price":9.86,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780140514643.jpg?v=1719996645"},{"product_id":"adverbial-resumption-in-verb-second-languages-oxford-studies-comparative-syntax-series-9780197651155","title":"Adverbial Resumption in Verb Second Languages","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart I: Presentation of the volume Introduction  Table of contents  1. Adverbial resumption in V2 languages: the background  Liliane Haegeman Karen De Clercq Terje Lohndal Christine Meklenburg Salvesen  2. Frame-setters and microvariation of subject-initial Verb Second  Ciro Greco  Liliane Haegeman  Part II. Revisiting the typology of adverbial resumption  3. On the syntax of fronted adverbial clauses in two Tyrolean dialects: the distribution of resumptive semm Jan Casalicchio Federica Cognola  4. A generalised resumptive in the Ghent variety of East Flemish? Karen De Clercq  Liliane Haegeman  5. Resumptive adverbs in Old French and Old Occitan Barbara Vance  Part III. Adverbial resumption and the syntax of V2  3.1. Resumption and the syntax of (non) integration 6. Adverbial resumption in German from a synchronic and diachronic perspective Katrin Axel-Tober  7. V3 in True V2 Contexts and Adverbial Resumption in Old English Eric Haeberli  Susan Pintzuk   8. Adverbial resumption and scope: a case study of Norwegian Christine Meklenborg Salvesen Terje Lohndal    3.2. Adverbial resumption and the articulated left periphery of V2  9. Resumption in Medieval Romance: Reconsidering si Sam Wolfe  10. Why is it so? An analysis of the V3 cases after si in Old Italian Cecilia Poletto  11. The syntax of the V3 particle så in the Swedish left periphery Anders Holmberg  12. The XP-Þá-construction and V2 Jóhannes Gísli Jónsson  13. Resolving permissible and impermissible V3 in Kiezdeutsch: resumption and beyond Benjamin Lowell Sluckin Oliver Bunk","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732668100951,"sku":"9780197651155","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"a-latin-grammar-9780198601999","title":"A Latin Grammar","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Latin Grammar offers: The most accessible students'' guide: clearly written explanations of key Latin grammar points in an easily navigable layout Hundreds of example sentences: illustrating every grammar point Vocabulary list: covering all the Latin words found in the text Glossary of grammatical terms: extra support for beginners, and a handy refresher reference for more advance students Additional information about the Roman world: special appendices on Roman dates, money, weights and measures, and names provide essential information about the Roman world More study help: an explanation of literary terms and a list of helpful study tips give students invaluable advice on learning the language Guide to pronunciation: a guide to how Latin was pronounced helps students bring to life this influential language\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIf you are looking to bin the old Kennedys and restock Latin grammars, then this is certainly worth considering, being competitively priced and easy to use. * Hilary Walters, Jact Review, Series 2, No.27, Summer 00. *\u003cbr\u003eThere is a pleasing historical sense to the book, with short articles on Latin pronunciation in England and the development of Kennedy's primer, along with the gender rhymes, offered as a curiosity ... The grammar has a fresher, more modern appearance and style. * Hilary Walters, Jact Review, Series 2, No.27, Summer 00. *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAPPENDICES","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732763685207,"sku":"9780198601999","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"everyday-grammar-9780198608745","title":"Everyday Grammar","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis accessible and unique approach to grammar comes in two parts: the first section consists of a practical guide on how to understand and use grammar successfully, and the second is an extensive A-Z glossary of grammatical terms. It is ideal for both language students and anyone wanting to improve their written and spoken English.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; CONTENTS; SECTION A; SECTION B","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732763947351,"sku":"9780198608745","price":11.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198608745.jpg?v=1719998296"},{"product_id":"the-teachers-guide-to-grammar-9780199214488","title":"The Teachers Guide to Grammar","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Teacher's Guide to Grammar is unique in focusing directly on the aspects of grammar that teachers need to know and relating them to today's educational priorities. This concise and accessible book provides all the necessary technical knowledge required for confidence in the classroom.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction ; 1. Grammar ; 2. Words ; 3. Morphology ; 4. Sentences ; 5. Phrases ; 6. Verbs ; 7. Clauses ; 8. Dialects ; 9. Registers ; 10. Languages ; Notes ; Further Reading ; Glossary ; Index","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732834922839,"sku":"9780199214488","price":26.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199214488.jpg?v=1719998601"},{"product_id":"core-syntax-9780199243709","title":"Core Syntax","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis fast-track introduction to syntax assumes no prior knowledge of linguistic theory. It is designed for specialist undergraduates and for those coming to linguistics for the first time as graduates, including students in computational science, artificial intelligence, and psychology.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdger truly manages to achieve a good balance between a formal theoretical model and its empirical coverage. Each chapter includes excellent problem sets and a list of further readings... The author takes a lot of time to illustrate each derivation step by step, thus helping students to see the workings of a formal syntactic system. Another very positive characteristic is the approach to crosslinguistic variation, which is given consistently in terms of features.... I would definitely recommend this book to anyone who wants a text that presents minimalist syntax in a clear way and with data from a vast array of languages.\" * Artemis Alexiadou, Language *\u003cbr\u003eThis book is intended as an introduction to three things. Firstly, the fact that syntax should be carried out using a consistent set of theoretical assumptions. Secondly, as the title says, 'core' areas of syntax are covered. Finally, the methodology of theory formation is emphasised as well. Overall I would say that the book has accomplished these aims admirably. I have found this to be an excellent introduction to Minimalist Syntax, and to syntactic theorising in general. All the ideas are presented clearly. Something I found particularly good was the way examples are worked through in detail, with each instance of feature checking specified. Also, the exercises were well presented, with some particularly difficult areas such as binding dealt with clearly ... This is a high quality textbook, which I would certainly recommend. * Linguist List *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Core Concepts ; 2. Morphosyntactic Features ; 3. Constituency and Theta Roles ; 4. Representing Phrase Structure ; 5. Functional Categories I: TP ; 6. Subjects and Objects ; 7. Functional Categories II: the DP ; 8. Functional Categories III: CP ; 9. Wh Movement ; 10. Locality","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732838035799,"sku":"9780199243709","price":30.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199243709.jpg?v=1719998614"},{"product_id":"oxford-latin-syntax-9780199283613","title":"Oxford Latin Syntax","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this book, the first full-scale work of its kind in English, Harm Pinkster applies contemporary linguistic theories and the findings of traditional grammar to the study of Latin syntax. He takes a non-technical and principally descriptive approach, based on literary and non-literary texts dating from c.250 BC to c.450 AD. The book contains a wealth of examples to illustrate the grammatical phenomena under discussion, many of them from the works of Plautus and Cicero, alongside extensive references to other sources of examples such as the Oxford Latin Dictionary and the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. This first volume focuses on the simple clause. It begins with an introduction to the sources used and to the approaches and conventions adopted, followed by a description of the basic grammatical concepts. Further chapters offer a thorough account of the features of the Latin simple clause, including verb frames, active vs passive mood, sentence type, negation, and the noun phrase, among ma\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book will become the point of reference for the next century of Latin scholarship For those who think that we already knew enough about Latin grammar, think again. This work is the culmination of decades of research on Latin, enriched by the discovery and publication of new texts and a centurys advances in linguistics. * James Clackson, Bryn Mawr Classical Review *\u003cbr\u003eP.'s new syntax is detailed, informative and accessible ... P.'s book is an invaluable tool for anyone interested in Latin linguistics. * Wolfgang de Melo, Journal of Roman Studies *\u003cbr\u003eAny serious student of Latin will want to become acquainted with this book. One looks forward to the second volume. * Andrew R. Dyck, Classical World *\u003cbr\u003eThe Oxford Latin Syntax is an essential new reference for researchers in Latin linguistics, classicists, and university students. Non-specialists are introduced to ideas in theoretical linguistics and to the relevant terminology [and] technical concepts such as autocausative, counterfactual, and negator climbing can be easily understood by those outside the field thanks to the numerous examples with translations and notes. * Chiara Fedriani, Incontri Linguistici *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction ; 2. Basic grammatical concepts ; 3. Latin word classes and inflectional categories ; 4. Verb frames ; 5. Active\/passive, reflexivity, and intransitivization ; 6. Sentence type and illocutionary force ; 7. The semantic values of the Latin tenses and moods ; 8. Negation ; 9. Syntactic functions of arguments and the categories of constituents that may fulfil them ; 10. Satellites ; 11. The noun phrase ; 12. Cases and prepositions ; 13. Agreement ; References ; Index","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732840067415,"sku":"9780199283613","price":215.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"the-singers-needle-an-undisciplined-history-of-panama-an-undisciplined-history-of-panama-9780226300863","title":"The Singers Needle  An Undisciplined History of","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDrawing on work in linguistics, language acquisition and computer science, this book proposes that grammatical constructions play a central role in the relation between the form and meaning of simple sentences. It argues that the constructions carry meaning independently of the words in a sentence.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments  1: Introduction  2: The Interaction between Verbs and Constructions  3: Relations among Constructions  4: On Linking  5: Partial Productivity  6: The English Ditransitive Construction  7: The English Caused-Motion Construction  8: The English Resultative Construction  9: The Way Construction  10: Conclusion  Notes  Bibliography  Index","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732904620375,"sku":"9780226300863","price":31.35,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226300863.jpg?v=1719998890"},{"product_id":"the-sense-of-style-9780241957714","title":"The Sense of Style","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSteven Pinker, the bestselling author of \u003ci\u003eThe Language Instinct\u003c\/i\u003e, deploys his gift for explaining big ideas in \u003ci\u003eThe Sense of Style\u003c\/i\u003e - an entertaining writing guide for the 21st century\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eWhat is the secret of good prose? Does writing well even matter in an age of instant communication? Should we care? In this funny, thoughtful book about the modern art of writing, Steven Pinker shows us why we all need a sense of style.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMore than ever before, the currency of our social and cultural lives is the written word, from Twitter and texting to blogs, e-readers and old-fashioned books. But most style guides fail to prepare people for the challenges of writing in the 21st century, portraying it as a minefield of grievous errors rather than a form of pleasurable mastery. They fail to deal with an inescapable fact about language: it changes over time, adapted by millions of writers and speakers to their needs. Confusing changes in the world with moral decline, every generation believes the kids today are degrading society and taking language with it. A guide for the new millennium, writes Steven Pinker, has to be different.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDrawing on the latest research in linguistics and cognitive science, Steven Pinker replaces the recycled dogma of previous style guides with reason and evidence. This thinking person''s guide to good writing shows why style still matters: in communicating effectively, in enhancing the spread of ideas, in earning a reader''s trust and, not least, in adding beauty to the world. Eye-opening, mind-expanding and cheerful, \u003ci\u003eThe Sense of Style\u003c\/i\u003e shows that good style is part of what it means to be human.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733382738263,"sku":"9780241957714","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780241957714.jpg?v=1719999975"},{"product_id":"language-acquisition-and-development-a-generative-introduction-the-mit-press-9780262043588","title":"Language Acquisition and Development A Generative","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn introduction to the study of children's language development that provides a uniquely accessible perspective on generative\/universal grammar-based approaches.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow children acquire language so quickly, easily, and uniformly is one of the great mysteries of the human experience. The theory of Universal Grammar suggests that one reason for the relative ease of early language acquisition is that children are born with a predisposition to create a grammar. This textbook offers an introduction to the study of children's acquisition and development of language from a generative\/universal grammar-based theoretical perspective, providing comprehensive coverage of children's acquisition while presenting core concepts crucial to understanding generative linguistics more broadly. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter laying the theoretical groundwork, including consideration of alternative frameworks, the book explores the development of the sound system of language—children's perception and production o\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MIT Press Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733452435799,"sku":"9780262043588","price":49.4,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780262043588.jpg?v=1720000133"},{"product_id":"grammar-as-science-the-mit-press-9780262513036","title":"Grammar as Science The MIT Press","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn introduction to the study of syntax that also introduces students to the principles of scientific theorizing.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis introductory text takes a novel approach to the study of syntax. \u003ci\u003eGrammar as Science\u003c\/i\u003e offers an introduction to syntax as an exercise in scientific theory construction. Syntax provides an excellent instrument for introducing students from a wide variety of backgrounds to the principles of scientific theorizing and scientific thought; it engages general intellectual themes present in all scientific theorizing as well as those arising specifically within the modern cognitive sciences. 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Hebrew Language and Literature Ezekiel 9:4 2. Textual Criticism Genesis 22:13 3. Word Studies Genesis 29:17a 4. Construct Phrases Genesis 29:17b 5. Definiteness Proverbs 31:1 6. Adjectives Haggai 1:4 7. Pronouns 1 2 Kings 8:1b 8. Pronouns 2 2 Kings 8:1a 9. Verb Conjugations 1: qatal = wayyiqtol Exodus 16:34-35 10. Verb Conjugations 2: waqatal = yiqtol Leviticus 16:1-9 11. Verb Conjugations 3: Jussives Ruth 1:8 12. Verb Conjugations 4: Imperatives Leviticus 16:2 13. Verb Conjugations 5: Cohortatives 2 Samuel 24:14 14. Verb Conjugations 6: Active and Passive Participles Jeremiah 20:9 15. Verb Conjugations 7: Infinitive Construct Jeremiah 27:10 16. Verb Conjugations 8: Infinitive Absolute Jeremiah 7:9-10 17. Stative and Fientive Verbs Psalm 93:1 18. Indefinite Subjects and Impersonal Verbs 1 Kings 1:1 19. Verb Stems 1: Voice and Valency Genesis 12:1-3 20. Verb Stems 2: Semantics 2 Samuel 7:1 21. Negations Genesis 3:4; 2:17 22. Prepositions 1:         000 1 Sam. 13:14 23. Prepositions 2:            000 Genesis 2:17 24. Directive      000 Exodus 13:21 25. Verbless Clauses Deuteronomy 6:4 26. Interrogatives Joshua 5:13 27. Particles:         000 Deuteronomy 14:24 28. Temporal Clauses Ruth 1:1 29. Relative Clauses Psalm 119:85 30. Pragmatics:           000 Genesis 1:31 Index","brand":"Baker Publishing Group","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48737344422231,"sku":"9780801098765","price":16.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780801098765.jpg?v=1723811140"},{"product_id":"exegetical-gems-from-biblical-greek-9780801098772","title":"Exegetical Gems from Biblical Greek","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis accessible supplementary textbook presents 35 illustrative exegetical insights from the Greek New Testament, showing students how the grammatical concepts they are learning affect interpretation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContents Introduction 1. Koine Greek Matthew 18:8 2. Textual Criticism Romans 5:1 3. Nominative Case John 1:1 4. Vocative Case Ephesians 5:21-22 5. Genitive Case 1 Timothy 3:6 6. Dative Case Ephesians 5:18 7. Accusative Case Romans 10:9 8. The Article 1 Timothy 3:2 9. The Granville Sharp Rule Titus 2:13 10. Colwell's Canon 1 Timothy 6:10 11. Adjectives 2 Timothy 3:16 12. Verbal Aspect Matthew 16:24 13. Present Indicatives 1 John 3:6 14. Imperfect Indicatives Galatians 1:13 15. Future Indicatives Matthew 4:4 16. Aorist Indicatives Ephesians 4:20 17. Perfect and Pluperfect Indicatives John 19:30 18. Subjunctive Mood Hebrews 13:5 19. Imperative Mood Matthew 6:11 20. Optative Mood 1 Corinthians 6:15 21. Adverbial Participles 1 Peter 5:6-7 22. Verbal Participles Matthew 28:19 23. Periphrastic Participles Matthew 18:18 24. Infinitives 1 Timothy 6:17-18 25. Pronouns Luke 16:19-20 26. Prepositions Ephesians 4:12 27. Adverbs Romans 11:26 28. Conjunctions and Particles Philippians 2:12-13 29. Conditional Sentences Colossians 1:23 30. Figures of Speech Matthew 5:13 31. Context Philippians 4:13 32. Word Studies Ephesians 1:10 33. Exegetical Fallacies John 21:15-17 34. Discourse Analysis Hebrews 1:4-5 35. Diagramming Hebrews 6:4-6 Index","brand":"Baker Publishing Group","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48737349927255,"sku":"9780801098772","price":15.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780801098772.jpg?v=1723811144"},{"product_id":"weiss-m-outline-of-the-historical-and-comparative-grammar-9780989514279","title":"Weiss M Outline of the Historical and Comparative","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA comprehensive survey of the development of Latin from its earliest prehistoric origins down to the modern Romance languages. By one of the foremost experts in Indo-European and Classical linguistics, it is now available in a fully revised second edition, thoroughly updated and corrected with over fifty pages of new material.","brand":"Beech Stave Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48737938309463,"sku":"9780989514279","price":68.88,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780989514279.jpg?v=1723811612"},{"product_id":"keys-to-academic-english-9781009289030","title":"Keys to Academic English","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloping the research, writing and referencing skills vital to achieving success in an academic environment is a necessary part of university study. 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The History of English; 2. Language, Literacy and Power; 3. Grammar and Language Essentials; 4. Critical Thinking; Part II. Putting Ideas to Work: 5. The Essay; 6. Research; 7. Referencing and Citation; 8. Style and Presentation.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738028683607,"sku":"9781009289030","price":28.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"the-cambridge-handbook-of-systemic-functional-linguistics-9781107116986","title":"The Cambridge Handbook of Systemic Functional","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePresenting a field-defining overview of one of the most appliable linguistic theories available today, this Handbook surveys the key issues in the study of systemic functional linguistics (SFL), covering an impressive range of theoretical perspectives. Written by some of the world''s foremost SFL scholars, including M. A. K. Halliday, the founder of SFL theory, the handbook covers topics ranging from the theory behind the model, discourse analysis within SFL, applied SFL, to SFL in relation to other subfields of linguistics such as intonation, typology, clinical linguistics and education. Chapters include discussion on the possible future directions in which research might be conducted and issues that can be further investigated and resolved. Readers will be inspired to pursue the challenges raised within the volume, both theoretically and practically.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction Wendy L. Bowcher, Lise Fontaine and David Schönthal; Part I. SFL: The Model: 1. Firth and the origins of systemic functional linguistics: process, pragma, and polysystem David G. Butt; 2. Key concepts and the architecture of language in the SFL model Jonathan J. Webster; 3. Semantics Miriam Taverniers; 4. The clause: an overview of the lexicogrammar Margaret Berry; 5. The rooms of the house: grammar at group rank Lise Fontaine and David Schönthal; 6. Context and register Wendy L. Bowcher; 7. Intonation Wendy L. Bowcher and Meena Debashish; 8. Continuing issues in SFL Mick O'Donnell; 9. The Cardiff model of functional syntax Anke Schulz and Lise Fontaine; 10. SFL in context Christopher S. Butler; Part II. Discourse Analysis within SFL: 11. Models of discourse in systemic functional linguistics Tom Bartlett; 12. Cohesion and conjunction Maite Taboada; 13. Semantic networks Andy Fung and Francis Robert Low; 14. Discourse semantics J. R. Martin; 15. Appraisal Susan Hood; 16. SFL and diachronic studies David Banks; 17. SFL and multimodal discourse analysis Kay L. O'Halloran, Sabine Tan and Peter Wignell; 18. SFL and critical discourse analysis Gerard O'Grady; Part III. SFL in Application: 19. Language development Geoff Williams; 20. Applying SFL for understanding and fostering instructed second language development Heidi Byrnes; 21. Language and education: learning to mean Peter Mickan; 22. Systemic functional linguistics and computation: new directions, new challenges John Bateman, Daniel McDonald, Tuomo Hiippala, Daniel Couto-Vale and Eugeniu Costetchi; 23. Clinical linguistics Elissa Asp and Jessica de Villiers; 24. Language and science, language in science, and linguistics as science M. A. K. Halliday and David G. Butt; 25. Language and medicine Alison Rotha Moore; 26. Language and literature Donna R. Miller; 27. Language and social media: enacting identity through ambient affiliation Michele Zappavigna; 28. Theorizing and modeling translation Erich Steiner; 29. Language typology Abhishek Kumar Kashyap; Index.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738239775063,"sku":"9781107116986","price":126.9,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781107116986.jpg?v=1723811850"},{"product_id":"essential-grammar-in-use-without-answers-a-reference-and-practice-book-for-elementary-learners-of-english-9781107480568","title":"Essential Grammar in Use without Answers A","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGrammar in Use is the world's best-selling grammar series for learners of English.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738249212247,"sku":"9781107480568","price":30.26,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781107480568.jpg?v=1723811859"},{"product_id":"essential-grammar-in-use-with-answers-9781107480551","title":"Essential Grammar in Use with Answers","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGrammar in Use is the world's best-selling grammar series for learners of English.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738254291287,"sku":"9781107480551","price":29.9,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"essential-grammar-in-use-supplementary-exercises-9781107480612","title":"Essential Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGrammar in Use is the world's best-selling grammar series for learners of English.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738261369175,"sku":"9781107480612","price":19.81,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781107480612.jpg?v=1723811868"},{"product_id":"the-semantics-of-case-9781108416429","title":"The Semantics of Case","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe phenomenon of case has long been a central topic of study in linguistics. While the majority of the literature so far has been on the syntax of case, semantics also has a crucial role to play in how case operates. This book investigates the relationship between semantics and case-marking in the languages of the world, exploring a range of phenomena in which case-assignment is affected by (or affects) meaning. By bringing together data from a wide range of languages, representing different language families, a cross-linguistic picture emerges of the correlation between case and meaning. Different approaches to the phenomena are considered, including both syntactic and semantic analyses, and the question is raised as to whether case can be treated as meaningful, ultimately helping us shed light on the broader connections between grammar and meaning and, moreover, grammar and the human cognition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'Olga Kagan's The Semantics of Case is a welcome addition to the literature on how case marking evokes meaning in human languages. Drawing on a wealth of insightful examples and displaying an impressive command of diverse theoretical approaches, the book provides a comprehensive survey of case semantics from both the structural\/generative and functional\/cognitive traditions in linguistics.' Michael B. Smith, Oakland University, Michigan\u003cbr\u003e'The book succeeds in giving a manageable, but in-depth and critical overview of the discussion about case-assignment and its interrelations with meaning … excellent quality of this book.' Francesca Dell'Oro , LINGUIST List\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction; 2. Dative case; 3. Spatial cases; 4. Case and aspect; 5. Differential object marking; 6. The genitive\/accusative alternation in Balto-Slavic; 7. Predicate case; 8. Generalizations and conclusions.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738283389271,"sku":"9781108416429","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"adventures-in-english-syntax-9781108737807","title":"Adventures in English Syntax","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor anyone who wants to become a more effective writer, a more perceptive reader, and a more precise thinker, an understanding of English sentence structure is indispensable. This book shows you how to begin. Using clear and engaging examples from English, it introduces the basic concepts of syntactic structure to readers with no background in linguistics. Starting with simple, familiar phrases, and progressing to more complex sentences, it builds on what we already intuitively know, to provide a step-by-step account of why we understand these examples as we do. It then shows how that understanding can be applied to writing, helping us to avoid some of the common hallmarks of ''bad writing'', such as ambiguity, redundancy, and vagueness. A unique and valuable resource, this book will enrich your understanding of English in ways that will make you a more effective user of the language. Publisher''s note: The e-book edition of this title, like the print editions, contains color. For thos\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'Deeply informed and engagingly presented, these compelling adventures succeed admirably in achieving the author's intention to reveal 'something of the hidden depth and abstract nature of our knowledge of the language we speak' and to show how 'endlessly fascinating' language is – its structure and how we can use it effectively.' Noam Chomsky, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University of Arizona\u003cbr\u003e'Professor Freidin's book takes the reader on a delightful journey through the intricacies and idiosyncracies of English syntax, while at the same time providing a lucid, non-technical and painless introduction to current syntactic theory. The book should go a long way towards bridging the gap between linguistic theory and the study of English, greatly enriching both areas of study.' Ian Roberts, University of Cambridge\u003cbr\u003e'Overall, the book is inspiring for readers with or without linguistic knowledge. For readers without a linguistic background, the book approaches good\/bad writing with concrete and detailed syntactic analysis using tree diagrams and color-coded text, which visually helps the readers realize and comprehend the vertical way of decomposing a sentence. For readers with some linguistic background …' Difei Zhang, Linguist List\u003cbr\u003e'A marvelous book that should become a classic of the linguistic literature for beginners, but also for those who enjoy discovering new, original and stimulating perspectives on things they believe they know or think they understand. The adventure starts with considerations about familiar and deceptively simple English phrases, such as coordination structures, and progresses to more complex syntactic areas, like questions and ellipsis. When discussing linguistic phenomena, the author is cautious to start from what we intuitively know, developing an extremely careful analysis that explains why the phrases and sentences analyzed are understood as they are. This book is unique in that it helps the reader to get familiar with the subtleties of English syntax and to acquire a basic knowledge of linguistic theory and, at the same time, is intensely pleasurable. I cannot imagine anyone not thinking after reading it, 'I want to be a syntactician' or 'I should have been a syntactician'.' Alain Rouveret, Emeritus Professor of Linguistics, Paris-Diderot University\u003cbr\u003e'This is a great book. Very clear, very well argued. … for writers in training, it would be extremely valuable. I could easily see this becoming required reading in writing classes at the undergraduate level.' Michael D. Lemonick, Freelance science journalist and Lecturer, Princeton University\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. One fish two fish: an adventure in ambiguity; 2. Exceptional students and teachers; 3. Introduction to language and linguistics; 4. A review of a book by two philosophers; 5. Bob is certain to succeed; 6. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of good fortune must be in want of a wife; 7. Does every politician who cheats instinctively lie?; 8. Inferior defenses could then, as now, be tackled, as Vernon did at Porto Bello, Exmouth at Algiers, and Seymour at Alexandria; Concluding comment.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738328707415,"sku":"9781108737807","price":26.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781108737807.jpg?v=1723811932"},{"product_id":"english-language-description-variation-and-context-9781137571823","title":"English Language Description Variation and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eJonathan Culpeper\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor of English Language and Linguistics in the Department of Linguistics and English Language at Lancaster University, UK. Spanning pragmatics, stylistics and the history of English, his major publications include \u003ci\u003eEarly Modern English Dialogues: Spoken Interaction as Writing\u003c\/i\u003e (2010, CUP; co-authored with Merja Kytö), \u003ci\u003eImpoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence\u003c\/i\u003e (2011, CUP), and most recently\u003ci\u003e Pragmatics and the English Language\u003c\/i\u003e (2014, Palgrave; with Michael Haugh). He is currently leading the AHRC-funded \u003ci\u003eEncyclopaedia of Shakespeare's Language\u003c\/i\u003e project, which will provide evidence-based and contextualised accounts of Shakespeare's language.\u003cb\u003ePaul Kerswill\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor of Sociolinguistics at the University of York. His research has focused on migration and dialect contact in both Norway and Britain, including Bergen and the New Town of Milton Keynes. He has worked on projects on the emergence of Multicultural London Englis\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an unusually rich textbook that combines breadth of coverage with depth of analysis. It provides accessible yet rigorous introductions to all aspects of the English language and uncovers English in all its fascinating varieties. * Professor Andreas H. Jucker, University of Zurich, Switzerland *\u003cbr\u003eThe second edition acquaints readers with insights from top experts and provides an up-to-date overview from several points of departure. Engagingly written, this will be a rewarding read for undergraduates and more advanced students and scholars alike. * Irma Taavitsainen, Professor Emeritus, University of Helsinki, Finland *\u003cbr\u003eThis comprehensive, well-written and interesting book covers a range of important topics that are central to the study of the English language, including the structure and history of English, its use in speech and writing, and the role it plays in human interaction, teaching and learning. * Charles F. Meyer, University of Massachusetts, USA *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eINTRODUCTION  1. Studying the English language  ENGLISH: STRUCTURE  2. Phonetics  3. Phonology  4. Morphology: word structure  5. Grammar: words (and phrases)  6. Grammar: phrases (and clauses)  7. Grammar: clauses (and sentences)  8. Text linguistics  9. Semantics  10. Pragmatics  ENGLISH: HISTORY  11. Standard English and standardization  12. Spelling  13. Phonological change  14. Lexical change  15. Semantic change  16. Grammatical change  ENGLISH SPEECH: REGIONAL AND SOCIAL VARIATION  17. Regional variation in English accents and dialects  18. Language and social class  19. Language and ethnicity  20. Pidgins and creole Englishes  21. American English  22. World Englishes and English as a lingua franca  23. Language discourses: attitudes to diversity  ENGLISH WRITING: STYLE, GENRE AND PRACTICE  24. Speech, writing and discourse type  25. Language in newspapers  26. Language in advertisements  27. Language in literature: stylistics  28. Literary practices  29. New technologies: literacies in cyberspace  ENGLISH: COMMUNICATION AND INTERACTION  30. Structures of conversation  31. Language, reality and power  32. Politeness in interaction  33. Gender and language  34. Language and sexuality  35. Bad language  36. Language and politics  37. Business communication  ENGLISH: LEARNING AND TEACHING  38. First language acquisition  39. Second language acquisition  40. Languages and literacies in education  41. TEFL, TESOL and linguistics  ENGLISH INVESTIGATING  42. Methods for researching English  43. The corpus method and English  CONCLUSION  44. The English language: reflections.","brand":"Bloomsbury Publishing PLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738387788119,"sku":"9781137571823","price":34.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781137571823.jpg?v=1723812007"},{"product_id":"english-grammar-an-introduction-9781137507396","title":"English Grammar An Introduction","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePeter Collins is a retired Professor of Linguistics from the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. He has published more than a hundred academic books, articles and book chapters. His research interests include English grammar, World Englishes (particularly Australian English), and corpus linguistics.Carmella Hollo is a retired Lecturer in Linguistics from the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. Her teaching has concentrated in the areas of English grammar, introduction to linguistics courses and historical linguistics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePART A Grammatical Description  1. Introduction  2. A Preliminary Overview  3. Nouns and Noun Phrases  4. Verbs and Verb Phrases  5. Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions and Associated Phrases  6. Clause Structure and Clause Type  7. Subordination and Coordination  8. Subordination and Coordination  PART B Looking at Language in Context  9. From Separate Sentences to Connected Text  10. Text and Context  11. Text Analysis – Putting It All Together.","brand":"Bloomsbury Publishing PLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738389557591,"sku":"9781137507396","price":30.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781137507396.jpg?v=1723812008"},{"product_id":"french-grammar-drills-premium-fourth-edition-9781264286065","title":"French Grammar Drills Premium Fourth Edition","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBuild your mastery of French grammar with the most focused review and practice workbook for beginning to intermediate learnersânow with audio support from the McGraw Hill Language Lab app!\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding the rules of grammar is the first step in learning a language, but gaining true mastery requires reinforcing your knowledge with extensive practice. In \u003ci\u003eFrench Grammar Drills\u003c\/i\u003e youâll get all the practice you need to build confidence in your French language skills.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEach chapter in \u003ci\u003eFrench Grammar Drills\u003c\/i\u003e starts with a review of the concepts at hand, with helpful examples and an extensive progression of rigorous drill exercises. The book includes a final review section, with an additional 60 quizzes available in the McGraw Hill Language Lab app. The on-the-go study aid is newly enhanced in this edition with audio recordings of the answers, helping you improve your skills in both listening and speaking the French language.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFeatures:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eNEW: Aud\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"McGraw-Hill Education","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738494972247,"sku":"9781264286065","price":13.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781264286065.jpg?v=1723812088"},{"product_id":"lexicalfunctional-grammar-9781316621653","title":"LexicalFunctional Grammar","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA clear introduction to lexical-functional grammar (LFG), this outstanding textbook sets out a formal approach to the study of language using a step-by-step approach and rich language data. Data from English and a range of other languages is used to illustrate the main concepts, allowing those students not accustomed to working with cross-linguistic data to familiarize themselves with the theory, while also enabling those interested in how the theory can account for more challenging data sets to extend their learning. Exercises ranging from simple technical questions to analyses of a data set, as well as a further resources section with a literature review complete each chapter. The book aims to equip readers with the skills to analyze new data sets and to begin to engage with the primary LFG literature.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'This lucid and entertainingly written textbook is an excellent introduction to the theory of Lexical Functional Grammar. It presents the fundamentals of the theory in a way that is both accessible for beginners and engaging for linguists who are familiar with other frameworks.' Mary Dalrymple, University of Oxford\u003cbr\u003e'… a clear and comprehensive introduction both to syntax and to the LFG framework, covering many core phenomena that have been central to syntactic analysis. Readers are skilfully guided through an impressive range of data reflecting the wide spectrum of languages.' Peter Sells, University of York\u003cbr\u003e'Developed by three notable linguists who are also gifted teachers, the book distinguishes itself by its accessibility, its rich coverage of morphology and f-structure, and its up-to-date references to current research in lexical-functional grammar.' Joan Bresnan, Stanford University, California\u003cbr\u003e'This is an ideal introduction to formal syntax and can also be used by practising syntacticians to familiarise themselves with the research developed within the framework of lexical-functional grammar.' Alex Alsina, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction; 2. Dimensions of information; 3. Mapping between c-structure and f-structure; 4. Morphology and f-structure; 5. Complementation and predication; 6. Long-distance dependencies; 7. Anaphoric binding; 8. A-structure and lexical mapping theory; 9. Further topics.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738565456215,"sku":"9781316621653","price":27.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"the-frameworks-of-english-9781352013078","title":"The Frameworks of English","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow does English work? What are the different elements? How do they all fit together?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe fourth edition of this popular textbook takes the reader on a step-by-step journey through the various levels of language, covering all the linguistic frameworks in a single volume. Beginning with words as the building blocks of language, Ballard investigates their internal structure before moving on to larger and larger units, from phrases to sentences and beyond. The sound system of English is also explored in detail, from individual segments to connected speech. Lastly, some broader perspectives are offered, looking at regional, global and historical variation in English.  \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFully revised and refreshed, this edition includes        an engaging new chapter exploring how the frameworks of the language        have changed over time, from Old English to the present day, provides        a selection of exercises at the end of every chapter allowing readers to        consolidate and de\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“This fourth edition retains the remarkably clear exposition and coverage of all the linguistic nuts and bolts a student needs to know. In addition, complementing the current chapter on present-day variation, there is a new extensive and richly illustrated chapter on the development of English. All this, coupled with new exercises and prompts to enhance the learning experience, cements Ballard’s book as the English language textbook of choice.” -- Jonathan Culpeper, University of Lancaster, UK.\u003cbr\u003e“Over the years, \u003ci\u003eThe Frameworks of English\u003c\/i\u003e has developed into a veritable linguistic treasure trove. Kim Ballard strikes a nice balance between breadth of coverage and level of detail, making this book an essential tool for introductory courses.” -- Cristiano Broccias, University of Genoa, Italy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePART I: INTRODUCTION 1.       Introduction PART II: LEXICAL FRAMEWORKS 2.       Word Classes 3.       Word Formation PART III: GRAMMATICAL FRAMEWORKS 4.       Inflections 5.       Phrases 6.       Clauses 7.       Sentences PART IV: DISCOURSE FRAMEWORKS 8.       Beyond Sentences PART V: PHONOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS 9.       Phonetics and Phonemes 10.    Segmental Phonology 11.    Suprasegmental Phonology PART VI: BROADER PERSPECTIVES 12.    Variation in Present-day English 13.    Historical English Phonetic and Other Symbols Glossary\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bloomsbury Publishing PLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738629026135,"sku":"9781352013078","price":31.34,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781352013078.jpg?v=1720049709"},{"product_id":"dont-believe-a-word-9781474608459","title":"Dont Believe A Word","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e''Wonderful. You finish the book more alive than ever to the enduring mystery and miracle of that thing that makes us most human''\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e STEPHEN FRY\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e''Most popular books on language dumb down; Shariatmadari''s smartens things up, and is all the more entertaining for it'' \u003ci\u003eTHE SUNDAY TIMES\u003c\/i\u003e, a Book of the Year\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e''A meaty, rewarding and necessary read'' \u003ci\u003eGUARDIAN\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e''Fascinating and thought-provoking . . . crammed with weird and wonderful facts . . . for anyone who delights in linguistics it''s a richly rewarding read'' \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eMAIL ON SUNDAY \u003c\/i\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- A word''s origin doesn''t tell you what it means today\u003cbr\u003e- There are languages that change when your mother-in-law is present\u003cbr\u003e- The language you speak could make you more prone to accidents\u003cbr\u003e- There''s a special part of the brain that produces swear words\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTaking us on a mind-boggling journey through the science of language, linguist David Shariatmadari uncover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWonderful. David Shariatmadari wears his deep learning with such an admirable and alluring lightness of touch. He brilliantly swats away the pesky 'language guardian' flies, whose misbegotten pedantries and ignorant persnicketiness are the real threats to living language. You finish the book more alive than ever to the enduring mystery and miracle of that thing that makes us most human, the gift of language that was bestowed upon us so astonishingly recently in evolutionary time and that has made us everything that we are . . . for good or ill -- STEPHEN FRY\u003cbr\u003eDavid Shariatmadari translates the often arcane theories of linguistics into a sequence of accessible ideas and theories, making us look afresh at the language we speak and how it structures our intimacies, our thoughts, and our identities. Wry and immensely intelligent, this learned book awakens us to complexities of communication that we too readily ignore, and it does so with both deep scholarship and a light touch -- ANDREW SOLOMON\u003cbr\u003eCompletely fascinating and eye-opening. David Shariatmadari is warm, wise and wonderfully steeped in his subject - the perfect guide to the brilliantly strange world of language -- MARINA HYDE\u003cbr\u003eA skilful summation of the latest research on how languages emerge, change, convey meaning and influence how we think . . . a meaty, rewarding and necessary read * GUARDIAN *\u003cbr\u003eThis lucid examination of linguistics entertains as much as it informs . . . above all, this is a generous and enthralling study of the basis of how we communicate -- Alexander Larman * OBSERVER *\u003cbr\u003eFascinating and thought-provoking . . . crammed with weird and wonderful facts. \u003ci\u003eDon't Believe a Word \u003c\/i\u003eis a serious piece of research, cogently and carefully presented . . . for anyone who delights in linguistics it's a richly rewarding read * MAIL ON SUNDAY *\u003cbr\u003eMost popular books on language dumb down; Shariatmadari's smartens things up, and is all the more entertaining for it * THE SUNDAY TIMES, Books of the Year *\u003cbr\u003eAn illuminating and thought-provoking journey through language -- DEAN BURNETT\u003cbr\u003eCome for the myth-busting, stay for the lighthearted introduction to linguistics. David Shariatmadari ably demonstrates that there are plenty of fascinating things to learn about language without indulging in sensationalist headlines. Recommended for both language fans and anyone who enjoys learning about the hidden patterns in everyday life -- GRETCHEN MCCULLOCH, author of BECAUSE INTERNET\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Orion Publishing Co","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48739604070743,"sku":"9781474608459","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781474608459.jpg?v=1720052715"},{"product_id":"english-for-the-natives-discover-the-grammar-you-dont-know-you-know-9781848548398","title":"English for the Natives: Discover the Grammar You","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e'My first English lesson was grammar with the terrifying Mrs Petrie. She spent the entire time marching up and down the classroom, thwacking various items of school furniture with a ruler while she banged on about the ING part of the verb. I sat there, vibrating with fear, desperately trying to figure out what on earth she could mean. Irregular Negative Gerund? Intransitive Nominative Genitive? It was only years later, when I was teaching English to foreign students, that I realised that English grammar wasn't obscure and wilfully difficult but a fascinating subject which I was already brilliant at - and this book will prove that you are too.'\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eForget the little you think you know about English grammar and start afresh with this highly entertaining and accessible guide. \u003ci\u003eEnglish for the Natives\u003c\/i\u003e outlines the rules and structures of our language as they are taught to foreign students - and have never before been explained to us. Harry Ritchie also examines the grammar of dialects as well as standard English and shows how non-standard forms are just as valid. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith examples from a wide variety of sources, from Ali G to John Betjeman, Margaret Thatcher to Match of the Day, this essential book reveals some surprising truths about our language and teaches you all the things you didn't know you knew about grammar.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRitchie's approach to English grammar in this entertaining book on the subject is a relief * Sunday Times *\u003cbr\u003eThis informative read reassures that mastering our language is easier than it seems * Mail on Sunday, Paperback of the Week *\u003cbr\u003eA hugely entertaining read, full of attitude and verve and sharp running jokes. And underneath all this lies rigorous linguistic heft, which gives the book real authority * Daily Mail *\u003cbr\u003eI learnt a lot about my own language from \u003ci\u003eEnglish for the Natives, \u003c\/i\u003eand about how our language and our understanding of the world have developed in tandem. And I particularly appreciated Harry Ritchie's bold dismantling of the metaphysics of Chomskyan structuralism. Wonderful to have such a fresh first-hand observation of how language actually works * Michael Frayn *\u003cbr\u003eClear, trenchant, funny, Ritchie makes thinking a pleasure * John Carey *\u003cbr\u003eEssential reading * Nick Hornby *\u003cbr\u003eAn engaging response to an educational disaster . . . This book is sensible, valuable and written with a sense of fun * TLS *\u003cbr\u003eHow many new books are there about words, grammar and language? Nonetheless, Harry Ritchie's \u003ci\u003eEnglish for the Natives\u003c\/i\u003e leaps to the top of the pile for its sharp, good sense, linguistic rigour [and] sense of humour -- Marcus Berkmann * The Spectator *\u003cbr\u003eOn the pleasantly scholarly end of the word book spectrum.  Informed by linguistics, it has a particularly good discussion of the controversy between \"innatists\" (following Chomsky) and others * Guardian *","brand":"John Murray Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48742253658455,"sku":"9781848548398","price":12.58,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781848548398.jpg?v=1720060647"},{"product_id":"complex-words-causatives-verbal-periphrases-and-the-gerund-romance-languages-versus-czech-a-parallel-corpus-based-study-9788024645544","title":"Complex Words, Causatives, Verbal Periphrases and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book focuses on the typological differences among the four most widely spoken Romance languages--French, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish--and Czech. Utilizing findings from the Czech National Corpus’ massive language database, the authors analyze a range of linguistic categories to discover the differences and similarities between Czech and the Romance languages. Due to the massive amount of data mined, as well as the high number of languages examined, this book presents general and individual typological features of the four Romance languages and Czech that often exceed what has previously been accepted in the field of comparative linguistics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Expressions of potential participation, iterativity, causation, ingressivity and adverbial subordination in the light of parallel corpora Petr Cermak, Dana Kratochvilova, Olga Nadvornikova, Pavel Štichauer 1.1 Investigation project and its history 1.2 Objectives and scope of the present monograph 1.3 Organisation of the monograph 1.4 Terminological remarks 1.4.1 Romance languages under scrutiny and use of the term Romance 1.4.2 Use of the terms counterpart and respondent 2. Corpus design \u0026amp; corpus-based contrastive research methodology Olga Nadvornikova 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Corpus-based contrastive research methodology 2.2 Corpora used in this study 3. Morphologically complex words in romance and their Czech respondents Pavel Štichauer, Jan Hricsina, Jiri Jancik, Jaroslava Jindrova, Zuzana Krinkova, Daniel Petrik 3.0 Introduction 3.1 Word-formation: complex vs simple words 3.2 Romance and Czech: common and different word-formation patterns 3.3 The typology of Czech respondents 3.3.1 Typology of Czech respondents of the adjectives with the suffix -bile\/-ble\/-vel 3.3.2 Typology of Czech respondents for verbs with the prefix re-\/ri- 3.4 The modal suffix -ble\/-bile\/-vel 3.4.1 Data elaboration and analysis 3.4.2 Quantitative distribution of the types 3.4.3 Discussion of various examples 3.5 The iterative prefix re-\/ri- 3.5.1 Data elaboration and analysis 3.5.2 Quantitative distribution of the types 3.5.3 Discussion of various examples 3.6 Concluding remarks 4. Causative constructions in romance and their Czech respondents Petr Cermak, Dana Kratochvilova, Petra Laufkova, Pavel Štichauer 4.0 Introduction 4.1 Definition of causativity and its forms of expression 4.2 Causativity in Romance languages 4.2.1 Analytic type 4.2.2 Synthetic type 4.2.3 Characteristics of the Romance construction hacer\/fare\/faire\/fazer + infinitive 4.3 Causativity in Czech 4.3.1 Word-formatting causativity 4.3.1.1 Verbs derived from another verb 4.3.1.2 Verbs derived from an adjective 4.3.1.3 No change in the lexical basis, expressing causativity through a prefix roz- 4.3.2 Semantic causativity 4.3.2.1 Suppletive types 4.3.2.2 Causative interpretation resulting from syntax 4.3.3 Analytic causativity 4.3.3.1 Causative verbs followed by a subordinate clause 4.3.3.2 Causative verbs followed by a nominal syntagma 4.3.3.3 (Semi-)causative verbs followed by an infinitive 4.4 Our typology of Czech respondents 4.5 Methodology 4.6 Causative constructions in Romance – formal comparison 4.7 Analysis of Czech respondents 4.7.1 Primary Czech respondents 4.7.1.1 Type 3 – shodit type (hacer caer \/ far cadere \/ faire tomber \/ fazer cair) 4.7.1.2 Type 8 – what makes you think that \u0026gt; proc myslite? (‘why do you think that?’) 4.7.1.3 Type 4 – dat vypit type 4.7.2 Secondary Czech respondents 4.7.2.1 Type 5 – dohnat k slzam type 4.7.2.2 Type 9 – other translation 4.7.2.3 Type 7 – zpusobit, že tal type 4.7.2.4 Type 1 – rozplakat type 4.7.2.5 Type 2 – posadit type and type 6 – zpusobit tani type 4.7.2.6 Type 10 – no translation 4.8 Conclusions","brand":"Karolinum,Nakladatelstvi Univerzity Karlovy,Czech Republic","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743196590423,"sku":"9788024645544","price":16.72,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9788024645544.jpg?v=1720064534"},{"product_id":"the-syntax-of-information-structural-agreement-9789027209139","title":"The Syntax of Information-Structural Agreement","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this research monograph, Johannes Mursell discusses the syntactic impact of information-structural features on agreement. So far, the syntactic contribution of this type of feature has mostly been reduced to movement of topics or foci clause-initial position. Here, the author looks at a different phenomenon, syntactic agreement, and how this process can be dependent on information-structural properties. Based partly on original fieldwork from a typologically diverse set of languages, including Tagalog, Swahili, and Lavukaleve, it is argued that for most areas for which information-structural features have been discussed, it is possible to find cases where these features influence phi-feature agreement. The analysis is then extended to cases of Association with Focus, which does not involve phi-features but can still be accounted for with agreement of information-structural features. The book achieves two main goals: first it provides a uniform analysis for different constructions in unrelated languages. Second, it also gives a new argument that information-structural features should be treated as genuine syntactic features.","brand":"John Benjamins Publishing Co","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743232799063,"sku":"9789027209139","price":78.85,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789027209139.jpg?v=1720064696"},{"product_id":"after-babel-9780192880932","title":"After Babel","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFirst published in 1975, After Babel constituted the first systematic investigation of the theory and processes of translation since the eighteenth century. Both controversial and seminal, it has given rise to a considerable body of secondary literature. For the second edition, George Steiner entirely revised the text, added new and expanded notes, provided a substantially updated bibliography , and wrote a new preface setting the book in the present context of hermeneutics, poetics, and translation studies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTranslation ... has long needed a champion, and at last in George Steiner it has found a scholar who is a match for the task. * Maurice Cranston, Sunday Times *\u003cbr\u003eA masterly and impressive work * Jan Marsh, Daily Telegraph *","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864205832535,"sku":"9780192880932","price":14.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780192880932.jpg?v=1722270890"},{"product_id":"25-great-sentences-and-how-they-got-that-way-9780393882377","title":"25 Great Sentences and How They Got That Way","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA guide to the artistry that lifts a sentence from good to great","brand":"WW Norton \u0026 Co","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864552780119,"sku":"9780393882377","price":13.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780393882377.jpg?v=1722272445"},{"product_id":"introduction-to-attic-greek-9780520275744","title":"Introduction to Attic Greek","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSuitable for instructors and independent language students, this title provides the answers to the exercises.","brand":"University of California Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864886325591,"sku":"9780520275744","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"a-biblical-hebrew-reference-grammar-9780567663337","title":"A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis new and fully revised edition of the \u003ci\u003eA Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar \u003c\/i\u003eserves as a user-friendly and up-to-date source  of information on the morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics of Biblical Hebrew verbs, nouns and other word classes (prepositions,  conjunctions, adverbs, modal words, negatives, focus particles,  discourse markers, interrogatives and interjections). It also contains  one of the most elaborate treatments of Biblical Hebrew word order yet published in a grammar. Compiled by authors with extensive experience in the teaching of Hebrew, the text is rendered both easily accessible and a fascinating examination of the language, building upon the initial publication by incorporating up-to-date developments in the study of the Hebrew Bible. This grammar will be of service both to students who have completed an introductory or intermediate course in Biblical Hebrew, and also to more advanced scholars seeking to take  advantage of traditional and recent desc\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e‘A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar deserves praise for integrating traditional knowledge of Biblical Hebrew with recent thinking in general linguistics. This second and entirely revised edition will continue to serve all those who wish to base biblical exegesis on a sound analysis of the source language.' * JAN JOOSTEN, Regius Professor of Hebrew, Oxford University, United Kingdom *\u003cbr\u003e‘This is now the best reference grammar of Biblical Hebrew bar none! The authors have produced and utilised the latest linguistic research to improve every area (phonology, morphology, syntax, macrosyntax) and to expand the grammar so that questions can be answered now that were never answered previously. I endorse this work enthusiastically.’ * PETER J. GENTRY, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, USA *\u003cbr\u003e‘The thoroughly-revised second edition of A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar is without doubt the new gold standard for students and scholars of Biblical Hebrew. Its clear format, accessible prose and comprehensive coverage belie a great deal of linguistic sophistication, though the authors wear their scholarship lightly. They successfully draw from the diversity of contemporary approaches to the study of language – functionalist, formalist, cognitive, typological – yet keep the phenomena of the language itself “front and centre”, making this grammar user-friendly without any loss of complexity.’ * MATTHEW ANSTEY, Charles Sturt University School of Theology, Australia *\u003cbr\u003eChristo van der Merwe and Jacobus Naudé's new edition of \u003ci\u003eA Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar\u003c\/i\u003e is fully conversant in contemporary linguistics and grounded in the authors’ deep, intricate knowledge of the language data. Their work needs to be on the digital shelf of anyone studying the Hebrew Bible or biblical languages. This is arguably the most important grammar of Hebrew to be published in several decades. * Michael Aubrey, Linguist, Editor of Koine-Greek.com *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eForeword  Abbreviations  Chapter 1 – Introduction  Chapter 2 – The Hebrew Alphabet and Masoretic Signs   Chapter 3 – Word, Clause and Text in Biblical Hebrew: A Survey  Chapter 4 – The Verb  Chapter 5 – The Noun  Chapter 6 – The Other Word Classes  Chapter 7 – Word Order  Glossary   Bibliography  Index","brand":"Bloomsbury Publishing PLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48865088110935,"sku":"9780567663337","price":41.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780567663337.jpg?v=1722273519"},{"product_id":"introducing-linguistic-morphology-9780748617050","title":"Introducing Linguistic Morphology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn expanded and updated new edition of this best-selling introduction to linguistic morphology. The text guides the reader from the very first principles of the internal structure of words through to advanced issues of current controversy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis revision of Laurie Bauer's popular textbook is most welcome. Like the first edition it's clear, reliable and interesting, but it's been updated to take account of the new interest in morphology. New chapters provide an excellent way into recent work informed by non-linear phonology, by diachronic typology and - most interesting of all - by psycholinguistics. Anyone who wants a quick explanation of grammaticalisation, autosegmental morphology or the dual-route theory need look no further. The book also gains from the new exercises and three appendices (including a glossary). An excellent book for the student who really wants to understand. -- Dick Hudson, Professor of Linguistics, University College London In the second edition of this well-known textbook, Laurie Bauer provides a thorough introduction to such basic notions as segmentability, the nature of the word-form, inflection vs. derivation and productivity of patterns and processes, carefully discussing controversial issues in each case, using examples that students may well encounter early when they confront the more technical literature. In this area, there is arguably no single dominant theoretical approach, so he is at pains to present both lexicalist and word-and-paradigm morphology, to contrast them, and to show that natural morphology, an approach with rather different goals, is broadly compatible with both. New chapters and sections of others deal with new proposals arising from the problematic status of the morpheme, with non-linear morphology (an approach developed more fully since the first edition), with the historical status of morphology in grammar, and with the relations between the constructs of theoretical morphology and psycholinguistic processes. All these are clearly introduced and the reasons for controversy spelt out. The result is an accessible handy and reliable comprehensive guide to the basics. There are useful suggestions for further reading, and appendices containing quite challenging questions for reflection and a recapitulation with worked examples of some of the key concepts. -- Richard Coates, Professor of Linguistics, University of Sussex This revision of Laurie Bauer's popular textbook is most welcome. Like the first edition it's clear, reliable and interesting, but it's been updated to take account of the new interest in morphology. New chapters provide an excellent way into recent work informed by non-linear phonology, by diachronic typology and - most interesting of all - by psycholinguistics. Anyone who wants a quick explanation of grammaticalisation, autosegmental morphology or the dual-route theory need look no further. The book also gains from the new exercises and three appendices (including a glossary). An excellent book for the student who really wants to understand. In the second edition of this well-known textbook, Laurie Bauer provides a thorough introduction to such basic notions as segmentability, the nature of the word-form, inflection vs. derivation and productivity of patterns and processes, carefully discussing controversial issues in each case, using examples that students may well encounter early when they confront the more technical literature. In this area, there is arguably no single dominant theoretical approach, so he is at pains to present both lexicalist and word-and-paradigm morphology, to contrast them, and to show that natural morphology, an approach with rather different goals, is broadly compatible with both. New chapters and sections of others deal with new proposals arising from the problematic status of the morpheme, with non-linear morphology (an approach developed more fully since the first edition), with the historical status of morphology in grammar, and with the relations between the constructs of theoretical morphology and psycholinguistic processes. All these are clearly introduced and the reasons for controversy spelt out. The result is an accessible handy and reliable comprehensive guide to the basics. There are useful suggestions for further reading, and appendices containing quite challenging questions for reflection and a recapitulation with worked examples of some of the key concepts.","brand":"Edinburgh University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48865718567255,"sku":"9780748617050","price":26.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780748617050.jpg?v=1722275254"},{"product_id":"syntax-9781119569237","title":"Syntax","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e“One noticeable quality that sets the work apart from other textbooks is its implicit tracing of the evolution of generative theory.” - LINGUIST List 33.1498\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface and Acknowledgments xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 1 Preliminaries 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Generative Grammar 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Preliminaries 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Syntax as Science – the Scientific Method 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Syntax as a Cognitive Science 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Models of Syntax 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Competence vs. Performance 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. A Clarification on the Word “Language” 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Where Do the Rules Come From? 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7. Choosing among Theories about Syntax 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8. The Scientific Method and the Structure of this Textbook 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9. Conclusion 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Parts of Speech 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Words and Why They Matter to Syntax 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Determining Part of Speech 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. The Major Parts of Speech: N, V, Adj, and Adv 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Open vs. Closed; Lexical vs. Functional 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Subcategories and Features 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Conclusion 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Constituency, Trees, and Rules 67\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Rules and Trees 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. How to Draw a Tree 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Modification and Ambiguity 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Constituency Tests 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Constituency in Other Languages 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Conclusion 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Structural Relations 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. The Parts of a Tree 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Dominance 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Precedence 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. C-command 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Grammatical Relations 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Conclusions 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Binding Theory 141\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. The Notions \u003ci\u003eCoindex \u003c\/i\u003eand\u003ci\u003e Antecedent\u003c\/i\u003e 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Binding 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Locality Conditions on the Binding of Anaphors 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. The Distribution of Pronouns 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. The Distribution of R-expressions 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Why Does Binding Theory Matter to Syntacticians 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Conclusion 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 2 The Base 159\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 X-bar Theory 161\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Bar-level Projections 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Generalizing the Rules: The X-bar Schema 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Complements, Adjuncts, and Specifiers 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Some Definitional Housekeeping 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Parameters of Word Order 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Drawing Trees in X-bar Notation 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7. Conclusion 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Extending X-bar Theory to Functional Categories 213\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Determiner Phrases (DPs) 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. A Descriptive Tangent into Clause Types 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Complementizer Phrases (CPs) 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Tense, Perfect, Progressive and Voice Phrases 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Constraining X-bar: Theta Theory 243\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Some Basic Terminology 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Thematic Relations and Theta Roles 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. The Lexicon 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Expletives and the Extended Projection Principle 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Conclusion 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Theta Grids and Functional Categories 265\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Complementizers 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Determiners 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Using Theta Grids for English Auxiliaries 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Main verbs vs. Auxiliaries 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Conclusion 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 3 Movement 295\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Head-to-Head Movement 297\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Verb Movement (V → T) 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. T Movement (T → C) 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Do-support 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix: Determining if a Language has V → T Movement 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 DP Movement 331\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. A Puzzle for the Theory of Theta Roles 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Passives 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Case 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Raising: Reprise 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Passives: Reprise 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Inherently Passive Verbs: Unaccusatives 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7. DP Movement in SVO vs. VSO Languages 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8. Conclusion 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 \u003ci\u003eWh\u003c\/i\u003e-movement and Locality Constraints 365\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Movement in \u003ci\u003eWh\u003c\/i\u003e-questions 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Relative Clauses 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Islands 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. The Minimal Link Condition 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Echo Questions (\u003ci\u003eWh\u003c\/i\u003e-in-situ) in English 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Conclusion 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 A Unified Theory of Movement 395\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Move 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Explaining Cross-linguistic Differences 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Scope, Covert Movement, and the MLC 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Conclusion 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 4 Advanced Topics 411\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Ditransitives 413\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. The Problem of Ditransitive Verbs 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. The Active Voice Head 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Object Shift 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Ditransitives: Reprise 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Raising, Control, and Empty Categories 429\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Raising vs. Control 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Two Kinds of Raising, Two Kinds of Control 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Control Theory 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Another Kind of Null Subject: “Little” pro 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Conclusion 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Ellipsis 453\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Ellipsis 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. LF-copying or PF-deletion 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Antecedent-Contained Deletion and Pseudogapping 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Conclusion 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Advanced Topics in Binding Theory 471\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Levels of Representation 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. The Definition of Binding Domain 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Polysynthesis, Incorporation, and Non-configurationality 483\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Polysynthesis 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Incorporation 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Scrambling and Non-configurationality 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Conclusion 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Merge 499\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. Introduction 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. External Merge 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Internal Merge 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Conclusion 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem Sets 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Problem Sets 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and Directions for Further Study 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 521\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866403254615,"sku":"9781119569237","price":39.85,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119569237.jpg?v=1722278479"},{"product_id":"syntax-a-generative-introduction-4e-the-syntax-workbook-2e-set-9781119794370","title":"Syntax A Generative Introduction 4e  The Syntax","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGet Andrew Carnie's \u003ci\u003eSyntax: A Generative Introduction, Fourth Edition,\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eThe Syntax Workbook, Second Edition, \u003c\/i\u003ein a combined set\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis set includes both the newly revised fourth edition of \u003ci\u003eSyntax: A Generative Introduction\u003c\/i\u003e and the new second edition of \u003ci\u003eThe Syntax Workbook. \u003c\/i\u003eFor a generation of students, Andrew Carnie's introduction to syntax has provided a valuable first step into the study of sentence structure through clear, student-friendly descriptions and examples. The workbook provides extensive opportunity to practice and apply the lessons from the textbook. This combined book set provides students with all material needed for a full course in syntax. In this set, students receive:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eThe newest editions of Andrew Carnie's textbook, updated with new material on Chomsky's Merge and with new problem sets\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eThe newest edition of the workbook, which has been updated and revised to support the fourth edition of the textbook\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAccess to the companion website for additional practice sets, videos, and other supplementary material\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis combined set is ideal for undergraduates in syntax courses who will either need both texts for their courses or who wish to supplement the primary textbook with the workbook and companion website for further at-home practice.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866416394583,"sku":"9781119794370","price":62.96,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119794370.jpg?v=1722278539"},{"product_id":"lexicalfunctional-syntax-9781405187817","title":"LexicalFunctional Syntax","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLexical-Functional Syntax, 2nd Edition\u003c\/i\u003e, the definitive text for Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) with a focus on syntax, is updated to reflect recent developments in the field.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides both an introduction to LFG and a synthesis of major theoretical developments in lexical-functional syntax over the past few decades\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes in-depth discussions of a large number of syntactic phenomena from typologically diverse languages\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFeatures extensive problem sets and solutions in each chapter to aid in self-study\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncorporates reader feedback from the 1st Edition to correct errors and enhance clarity\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the First Edition xi \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI Motivation for the LFG Architecture 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Nonconfigurationality 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Movement Paradoxes 11\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Theoretical assumptions 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading and discussion 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Lexicality and Argument Structure 21\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Two approaches to passive relation changes 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 The lexicality of relation changes 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 English passive verb forms 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Adjectives versus verbs 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Participle–adjective conversion 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Passive participles convert to adjectives 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Differences between adjectival and verbal passives explained 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6 Differences between adjectival and verbal passives unexplained 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.7 Conclusion: passivization is lexical 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Passivization with and without movement 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading and discussion 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eII Formally Modeling the Architecture 39\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 A Formal Model of Syntactic Structure 41\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Design principles 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Principle I: variability 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Principle II: universality 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Principle III: monotonicity 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The definition of f-structures 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 The description of f-structures 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 The correspondence between c- and f-structures 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 The solution algorithm 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Defining versus constraining equations 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Completeness and coherence 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Functional uncertainty 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Sets of f-structures 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Conclusion 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Monotonicity and Some of Its Consequences 73\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Monotonicity 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Relation changes and monotonicity 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Information and form 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 The fragmentability of language 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 The nonconfigurationality of language 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Apparent information flow through external structure 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Noncompositionality 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Conclusion 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIII Inflectional Morphology and Phrase Structure Variation 87\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 A Theory of Structure–Function Mappings 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Grammatical functions 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Basics of grammatical functions 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Classification of grammatical functions 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 The organization of c-structure categories 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Endocentricity and X′ structures 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Endocentric mapping to f-structure 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Exocentric categories 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Lexocentricity and S 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 S and endocentricity 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Nonprojecting words 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Summary of the structure–function principles 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Toward a typology 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Effects of economy of expression 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading and discussion 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix: X′ theory 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Endocentricity and Heads 129\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Head mobility 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Verb order in Welsh 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Endocentricity and extended heads 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Distributed exponence 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Wambaya c-structure 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 The Wambaya tense system 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Conclusion 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Pronoun Incorporation and Agreement 151\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Chichewˆ a 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Word order 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Independent pronouns 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Contrastive focus 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.4 Interrogatives and relatives 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.5 Other syntactic and phonological differences 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.6 Functional ambiguity of subject and topic 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Navajo 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 1 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 2 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Plains Cree and inverse agreement 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 3 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Two types of agreement: index and concord 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 4 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Conclusion 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading and discussion 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Topicalization and Scrambling 196\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 English topicalization 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Russian topicalization 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Economy of expression 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Topicalization versus scrambling 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Detecting empty categories 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading and discussion 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe crossover effect 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo types of null pronominals 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneralization to operator complexes 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther factors 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIV On Functional Structures: Binding, Predication, and Control 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Basic Binding Theory 229\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Basic concepts 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 A toy binding theory 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Principle C 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading and discussion 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Formalization of the binding constraints 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Types of Bound Anaphors 254\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Dimensions of anaphoric binding 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Icelandic: subjective and anti-subjective pronouns 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Norwegian: subjective\/nuclear pronouns 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Logophoricity versus subjectivity 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading and discussion 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 The typology of reflexives and the origins of nuclearity 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading and discussion 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Formalization 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Predication Relations 286\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Predicate complements versus adjuncts 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 F-structures of xcomps 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 1 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 2 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 F-structure of PP complements 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 C-structure of predicate complements 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Raising 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading and discussion 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Anaphoric Control 309\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Gerundive versus participial VPs in English 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Structure of gerundive VPs 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Anaphoric control versus functional control 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Conclusion 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading and discussion 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 From Argument Structure to Functional Structure 324\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 What is argument structure? 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 The theory of a-structures 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Mapping a-structures to syntactic functions 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Examples and consequences 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Unaccusatives 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Resultatives 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3 “Fake” reflexives and “nonsubcategorized objects” 336\u003c\/p\u003e 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