{"title":"Galaxies and stars Books","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"2024-guide-to-the-night-sky-9780008604301","title":"2024 Guide to the Night Sky","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe ideal gift for all amateur and seasoned astronomers. \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e“This is a great guide to the night sky at a great price”\u003c\/strong\u003e Astronomy Now\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e“A handy and straightforward guide.” \u003c\/strong\u003eBritish Astronomical Association's 'Journal'\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e“an ideal Christmas stocking-filler”\u003c\/strong\u003e The Observatory\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e“A handy and straightforward guide.” British Astronomical Association's 'Journal'\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“an ideal Christmas stocking-filler” The Observatory\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“This is a great guide to the night sky at a great price” Astronomy Now\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HarperCollins Publishers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47832566792535,"sku":"9780008604301","price":8.23,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780008604301.jpg?v=1710335530"},{"product_id":"simply-astronomy-9780241446713","title":"Simply Astronomy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Dorling Kindersley Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47832761729367,"sku":"9780241446713","price":11.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780241446713.jpg?v=1710337847"},{"product_id":"my-book-of-stars-and-planets-9780241485781","title":"My Book of Stars and Planets","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDiscover the mysteries of the Universe and journey to galaxies beyond our own in this fact-packed companion to space.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrom icy worlds and hot, fiery giants to the biggest telescopes and latest spacecraft, this book covers more than 40 profiles of the planets, stars, and objects in our universe. 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Kelsey Oseid makes you aware of your own unique place in spacetime and artfully shows why you should keep looking up. -- Ariel Waldman, author of * What's It Like in Space? *\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pan Macmillan","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47833689293143,"sku":"9780752266510","price":17.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"the-last-stargazers-the-enduring-story-of-astronomys-vanishing-explorers-9780861540068","title":"The Last Stargazers The Enduring Story of","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe story of the people who see beyond the stars\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e‘The awesome endeavours and intellectual adventures in the physical practice and gains in understanding that are the heart and passion of astronomers is gloriously portrayed from the mind of a wonderful practitioner, Emily Levesque.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHer range of experiences and insights through the recent period of rapid developments and future planning in this progressive human effort gloriously reach out to everyone.’\u003c\/p\u003e -- Professor Alec Boksenberg, former director of the Royal Greenwich Observatory\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e‘\u003cem\u003eThe Last Stargazers\u003c\/em\u003e is perfect for anyone who has ever wondered what it’s like to actually be an astronomer, or who has dreamt of staring up at the stars. 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A unique and engaging read.’\u003c\/p\u003e -- Dr Sara Seager, professor of astronomy at MIT\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e‘Emily Levesque is smart and funny, and her insider’s tale of stars and the astronomers who study them bursts with color and energy.’\u003c\/p\u003e -- Edward Dolnick, author of \u003ci\u003eThe Clockwork Universe\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e‘Emily’s book is a compulsive read. It demonstrates what being an observational astronomer is really like—the highs, the lows, and the unscheduled things that can happen at telescopes around the world! Give this book to every young person (especially the girls!) that you know who likes math and science.’\u003c\/p\u003e -- Jocelyn Bell Burnell, astrophysicist at Oxford University\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e‘Astronomy is \u003cem\u003edangerous\u003c\/em\u003e. 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To be read, before all astronomical observations become fully automatized!’\u003c\/p\u003e -- Professor Claudia Maraston, Eddington Medal for Astronomy 2018, University of Portsmouth\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e‘This will particularly appeal to young women interested in science, but any stargazer would enjoy this joyous adventure through modern astronomy.’\u003c\/p\u003e -- \u003ci\u003ePublishers Weekly\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e‘It’s like catching a glimpse of the magic behind the curtain galaxies away, and leaves you hanging on every spectacular word. A must read for anyone who has looked up at the sky and felt a sense of wonder, as well as those considering the world of astrophysics and astronomy.’\u003c\/p\u003e -- Tamara Robertson, host of \u003ci\u003eMythbusters: The Search\u003c\/i\u003e and STEM speaker\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e‘The perfect primer for a future astronomer or an amateur astronomy buff, it captures the highlights, lowlights, and day-to-day life of the professional stargazer.’\u003c\/p\u003e -- Zach Weinersmith, author of \u003ci\u003eSoonish and Open Borders\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e‘Childhood stargazers who’ve since become inquisitive adults, and any fans of Sagan’s \u003cem\u003eCosmos\u003c\/em\u003e, will devour this book.’\u003c\/p\u003e -- Booklist\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e‘Entertaining, ardent tales from an era of stargazing that may not last much longer.’\u003c\/p\u003e -- Kirkus Reviews\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e‘Levesque does a wonderful job explaining the science behind astronomy as she conveys the awe and beauty of the universe, the dedication of the people who study it, and the excitement of discovery in this fascinating account that will appeal to fans of narrative nonfiction and fellow stargazers.’\u003c\/p\u003e -- Library Journal\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e‘Levesque writes with great energy, bringing the world of the astronomers to life… this book does do what most astronomy books do not. 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It's the classic trick of focusing on the particular to tell a wider story, and here it is done beautifully * Times Literary Supplement *","brand":"Quercus Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47851500667223,"sku":"9781529410150","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781529410150.jpg?v=1710637775"},{"product_id":"wild-signs-and-star-paths-9781473655928","title":"Wild Signs and Star Paths","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e''A paean to the beauty and majesty of nature, especially the nature we overlook in our back gardens and local parks... And like all the best books, it makes the world around you a lot more interesting'' - \u003ci\u003eSpectator\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e''Beautifully written... 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It's a paean to the beauty and majesty of nature, especially the nature we overlook in our back gardens and local parks. And so, amid the botany and zoology and meteorology there are snatches of pure poetry. . . And like all the best books, it makes the world around you a lot more interesting. * The Spectator *\u003cbr\u003eGooley offers the reader a chance to recover the outdoorsman's natural sense through 52 \"keys\", to exchange slow, analytic thinking for the fast thinking that makes connections with nature in a way that few now experience. 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Fascinating stuff. * Jonathan Cowie, Concatenation *\u003cbr\u003eKarel Schrijver's lucid, fact-packed primer ranges over everything from the Goldilocks zone and stellar nurseries to disrupted exosystems and the vagaries of living on a pale blue dot. * Barbara Kiser, Nature *\u003cbr\u003eA very readable and up-to-date account of the ongoing search and discovery of extra-solar planets throughout the Universe, with emphasis on finding those that resemble Earth to a greater or lesser degree, and those that may harbour some kind of life. * Fred Taylor, University of Oxford *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: From one to astronomical 2: One step short of life 3: Exploring the Solar System 4: Exoplanet systems and their stars 5: The birth of stars and planets 6: Drifting through a planetary system 7: Lone rovers 8: Aged stars and disrupted exosystems 9: The worlds of exoplanets 10: Habitability of planets and moons 11: The long view of planetary systems 12: Living on a pale blue dot","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732593193303,"sku":"9780192845337","price":15.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780192845337.jpg?v=1791454076"},{"product_id":"cosmology-9780192854162","title":"Cosmology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book is a simple, non-technical introduction to cosmology, explaining what it is and what cosmologists do. 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Reclaiming Space asks: What would space exploration be like if we prioritized, or even simply acknowledged, the perspectives and value systems of individuals who are disabled, aren''t white, aren''t male, or aren''t characteristically Western in their values? What can these perspectives teach us all about space exploration and its value (or even its potential for harm) that cannot be easily recognized or appreciated under the NewSpace status quo? And what should we be doing differently when it comes to space exploration? The twenty-seven original essays in this volume provide much needed perspective on space exploration by offering counterpoints to mainstream thinking about space. Essays address subjects such as the history and development of spaceflight culture, both within and outside the United States; the impact of science fiction and space art on how we conceptualize space; diverse cultural narratives and responses to space; and the ways space exploration might be leveraged in support of repairing injustices. Reclaiming Space also considers what our responsibilities might be as a spacefaring species in the distant future. Contributors include academics who research space exploration, spaceflight culture, space ethics, and space policy, as well as space artists and authors of award-winning science and speculative fiction. Written for space enthusiasts of all backgrounds, Reclaiming Space is an engaging, provocative volume of essays showcasing the perspectives of women, persons of color, and others who are typically left out of discussions of space exploration.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDedication Table of Contents Foreword. By Lori Garver Preface List of Contributors Chapter 1: An Introduction to Reclaiming Space. By James S.J. Schwartz, Linda Billings, and Erika Nesvold Part 1: The Evolution and History of Spaceflight Chapter 2: Neoliberalism: Problematic. Neoliberal Space Policy? Extremely Problematic. By Linda Billings Chapter 3: Space from Afar: From Africa Across the Indian Ocean to the Pacific. By Mukesh Chiman Bhatt Chapter 4: Cold Warrior Magic, Africana Science, and NASA Space Religion, Part One: Laura Nader's Contrarian Anthropology for Afrofuturist Times. By Edward C. Davis IV Chapter 5: Global Participation in the \"Space Frontier.\" By Alan Marshall Chapter 6: Phrenology in Space: Legacies of Scientific Racism in Classifying Extraterrestrial Intelligence. By William Lempert Part 2: The Art of Envisioning Space Chapter 7: The Language of Space. By Mary Robinette Kowal Chapter 8: Spacefaring for Kinship. By Vandana Singh Chapter 9: Opportunities to Pursue Liberatory, Anticolonial, and Antiracist Designs for Human Societies Beyond Earth. By Danielle Wood, Prathima Muniyappa, and David Colby Reed Chapter 10: African Space Art as a New Perspective on Space Law. By Saskia Vermeylen and Jacque Njeri Chapter 11: Embodiment in Space Imagery: Beyond the Dominant Narrative. By Daniela de Paulis and Chelsea Haramia Chapter 12: Appreciating What's Beautiful About Space. By James S.J. Schwartz Part 3: Cultural Narratives and Spaceflight Chapter 13: Sacred Space: Decolonization Through the Afrofuture. By Ingrid LaFleur Chapter 14: Sherpas on the Moon: The Case for Including \"Native Guides\" in Space Exploration. By Deana L. Weibel Chapter 15: Indigeneity, Space Expansion, and the Three-Body Problem. By Tony Milligan Chapter 16: On Loving Nonliving Stuff. By Daniel Capper Chapter 17: Reclaiming Space: On Hope in a Jar, a Bear in the Sky, and the Running Red Queen. By Kathryn Denning Part 4: Being Accountable in the Present Chapter 18: Contact Zones and Outer Space Environments: A Feminist Archaeological Analysis of Space Habitats. By Alice Gorman Chapter 19: Occupy Space: Will Disabled People Fly? By Sheri Wells-Jensen Chapter 20: Protecting Labor Rights in Space. By Erika Nesvold Chapter 21: Reclaiming Lunar Resources: Paving the Way for an International Property Rights Regime for Outer Space. By Ruvimbo Samanga Chapter 22: Starlink or Stargazing: Will Commerce Outshine Science? By Tanja Masson-Zwaan Chapter 23: Creating a Culture of Extraterrestrial Environmental Concern. By William R. Kramer Part 5: Visions of the Further Future Chapter 24: Desire, Duty, and Discrimination: Is There an Ethical Way to Select Humans for Noah's Ark? By Evie Kendal Chapter 25: Deconstructing and Re-Privileging the Education System for Space. By Janet de Vigne Chapter 26: Astrobioethics Considerations Regarding Space Exploration. By Octavio Chon-Torres Chapter 27: Greening the Universe: The Case for Ecocentric Space Expansion. By Andrea Owe Chapter 28: Will Posthumans Dream of Humans? A Message to Our Dear Post-Planetary Descendants. By Francesca Ferrando Index","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732656763223,"sku":"9780197604793","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780197604793.jpg?v=1791454311"},{"product_id":"constellation-myths-9780198716983","title":"Constellation Myths","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e''Athena seized the writhing serpent and hurled it into the sky, and fixed it to the very pole of the heavens.'' The constellations we recognize today were first mapped by the ancient Greeks, who arranged the stars into patterns for that purpose. In the third century BC Eratosthenes compiled a handbook of astral mythology in which the constellations were associated with figures from legend, and myths were provided to explain how each person, creature, or object came to be placed in the sky. Thus we can see Heracles killing the Dragon, and Perseus slaying the sea-monster to save Andromeda; Orion chases the seven maidens transformed by Zeus into the Pleiades, and Aries, the golden ram, is identified flying up to the heavens. This translation brings together the later summaries from Eratosthenes'' lost handbook with a guide to astronomy compiled by Hyginus, librarian to Augustus. Together with Aratus''s astronomical poem the Phaenomena, these texts provide a complete collection of Greek a\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHighly recommended. * Anna Maria Polidori, Al Femminile *\u003cbr\u003eA useful, inexpensive, and comprehensive vade-mecum of the mythology that surrounds the constellations * Colin Leach, Classics for All *","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732769124695,"sku":"9780198716983","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198716983.jpg?v=1719998316"},{"product_id":"is-einstein-still-right-9780198842125","title":"Is Einstein Still Right","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlbert Einstein is often viewed as the icon of genius, and his theories are admired for their beauty and correctness. Yet the final judge of any theory is the rigorous test of experiment, not the fame of its inventor or the allure of its mathematics. For decades, general relativity has passed test after test with flying colors, including some remarkable new tests using the recently detected gravitational waves. Still, there are reasons for doubt. Einstein''s theory of gravity, as beautiful as it is, seems to be in direct contradiction with another theory he helped create: quantum mechanics. Until recently, this was considered to be a purely academic affair. But as more and more data pour in from the most distant corners of the universe, hinting at bizarre stuff called dark energy and dark matter, some scientists have begun to explore the possibility that Einstein''s theory may not provide a complete picture of the cosmos. This book chronicles the latest adventures of scientists as they\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI strongly recommend it to all those interested in general relativity. Although non-specialist readers may find it challenging, they will surely be rewarded by its compelling descriptions and fascinating narrative. * Roberto Lalli, Physics Today *\u003cbr\u003eWill and Yunes provide an entertaining overview of the many tests that general relativity has been put to over the past 100 years or so... In fact, the book contains a lot more interesting stuff - and nice personal anecdotes... than the title suggests... the authors strike the perfect balance between depth and accessibility, using helpful metaphors wherever is necessary. * Govert Schilling, BBC Sky at Night *\u003cbr\u003eThe two authors have not only the broad spectrum of knowledge and personal experience necessary to master the subject, but also the writing skills needed to provide a fresh and witty narrative that is comprehensible to a wide audience... I strongly recommend it to all those interested in general relativity. * Roberto Lalli, Physics Today *\u003cbr\u003e[Will and Yunes] succeed superbly in describing the history and personalities ... and work diligently ... to explain the science ... Solid insights into Einstein's dazzling discoveries. * Kirkus Reviews *\u003cbr\u003ePhysicists Will and Yunes take readers on an intellectually challenging but invigorating tour of experiments involving Einstein's theory of general relativity ... A valuable treatise on a foundational topic in modern physics. * Publishers Weekly *\u003cbr\u003eClifford Will and Nicolás Yunes are celebrating the effectiveness of the general theory of relativity... a genuinely interesting book. * Brian Clegg, Popular Science *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: A Very Good Summer 2: Wrinkles in Time 3: How Light Sheds Light on Gravity 4: Does Gravity Do the Twist? 5: Celestial Lighthouses for Testing Relativity 6: How to Use a Black Hole to Test General Relativity 7: Gravitational Waves Detected at Last! 8: What do Gravitational Waves Tell Us? 9: A Loud Future for Gravitational Wave Science 10: A Dialogue","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732808315223,"sku":"9780198842125","price":17.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198842125.jpg?v=1719998485"},{"product_id":"black-holes-9780199602667","title":"Black Holes","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this Very Short Introduction, Katherine Blundell looks at the seemingly paradoxical, mysterious, and intriguing phenomena of astrophysical black holes. Outlining what a black hole actually is and how they are characterised, she separates the scientific fact from science fiction, and demonstrates the interesting role they play in the cosmos.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ewhereas black holes are notorious for not letting go of their contents, Blundell's book makes it as easy to extract information without ever making the subject simplistic. * Andy Sawyers, Astronomy Now *\u003cbr\u003eBlack holes have to be amongst the most fascinating phenomena of astronomy\/cosmology and as such make a perfect topic for a new addition to OUP's vast collection of pocket guides, the 'very short introduction' books. I read my copy on a couple of 45 minute train journeys - it's long enough to give a good grounding in the basics of black holes, without being heavy or over-technical. * Brain Clegg, Popular Science *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. What is a black hole? ; 2. Characterising black holes ; 3. Black holes discovered ; 4. Falling into a black hole... ; 5. How are black holes formed? ; 6. Growing bigger and smaller ; 7. Black holes don't just suck ; References and further reading","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732872704343,"sku":"9780199602667","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199602667.jpg?v=1719998759"},{"product_id":"the-signs-9780241307557","title":"The Signs","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTHE PERFECT ASTROLOGY GIFT FOR THE ZODIAC LOVER IN YOUR LIFE!\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNobody''s future is written in the stars, but we can use the stars to help write our future.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor thousands of years people have looked to the night sky for the answers to life''s problems. Today''s practice is a far cry from newspaper horoscopes and fortune-telling, but instead uses the ancient wisdom of astrology to help us better understand our choices and ourselves. It''s not about prescriptive descriptions of personality and fate, but about putting the individual at the centre of decision making.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eThe Signs\u003c\/i\u003e, Carolyne Faulkner describes with warmth and humour the qualities associated with each star sign - the good and the bad - and explains how you can use your birth chart (a map of the night sky at the time you were born) to make smarter choices, avoid triggers to stress and forge stronger relationships. This is a clear and simple guide to using the stars to take control of every aspect of your life.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA new constellation of astrology guru * Vogue *\u003cbr\u003eThe go to life coach for those in the know * InStyle Magazine *\u003cbr\u003eA pioneering new self-improvement method based on the stars * Soho House *\u003cbr\u003eThe coach to get you to where you want to go * Harper's Bazaar *\u003cbr\u003eCarolyne is the woman making astrology cool again * Sunday Telegraph Stella Magazine *\u003cbr\u003eA new constellation of astrology guru * Vogue *\u003cbr\u003eThe go to life coach for those in the know * InStyle Magazine *\u003cbr\u003eA pioneering new self-improvement method based on the stars * Soho House *\u003cbr\u003eThe coach to get you where you want to go * Harper’s Bazaar *","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732993978711,"sku":"9780241307557","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780241307557.jpg?v=1719999197"},{"product_id":"stellar-evolution-and-nucleosynthesis-9780521133203","title":"Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis self-contained astrophysics textbook for advanced undergraduates explores how stars form, what happens to them as they age, and what becomes of them when they die. Students can investigate the physical processes sustaining the energy output of stars during each stage of their evolution and which drive the progression from one stage to the next, and examine the relationship between different stages of stellar evolution and the production of the chemical elements. The textbook contains a wealth of worked examples and exercises with full solutions. Summaries, key facts and equations are clearly identified, and there are full colour illustrations throughout. Drawing on decades of experience in supported learning and independent study, this textbook is an ideal bridging text for astrophysics and physics majors looking to move on from the introductory texts. Accompanying resources to this textbook are available at: http:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/features\/astrophysics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis provides a fine, insightful, and remarkably complete introduction to modern astrophysics that is both well written and illustrated. A logical flow, attention to detail, worked examples, and end-of-chapter summaries are especially good in creating an effective learning environment.' Jim Kaler, Professor Emeritus of Astronomy, University of Illinois\u003cbr\u003e'This book tackles the complex life-cycles of stars with rigour and economy, putting the astronomy on a firm physical basis. A clear layout and extensive worked problem set make this an ideal starting point for physics students learning about stellar structure and evolution.' Graham Woan, University of Glasgow\u003cbr\u003e'… sets a high standard for what I hope will be a series of books for distance learners in the UK and elsewhere pursuing a passion for astronomy.' The Observatory\u003cbr\u003e'… an excellently presented pedagogic work written for self-study under the auspices of The Open University … Both authors have wide-ranging experience with OU as offering high-quality instruction in a remote-learning environment … There is a beauty in its subject that is sensitively brought out by the careful preparation, admirable composition and meticulous presentation of its subject matter that reflects most commendably upon the authors and publishers alike. … I can only express my enthusiasm and admiration for a splendid work - on a glorious, enthralling subject.' Contemporary Physics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Main sequence stars; 2. Gravitational contraction; 3. Nuclear fusion; 4. From main-sequence to giant branch; 5. Helium-burning stars; 6. Late stages of stellar evolution; 7. Supernovae, neutron stars and black holes; 8. Star formation; Index.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733845979479,"sku":"9780521133203","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780521133203.jpg?v=1720001870"},{"product_id":"stellar-structure-and-evolution-9781108798822","title":"Stellar Structure and Evolution","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in astronomy aims to develop a physical understanding of the fundamental principles that dictate stellar properties. Focusing on key physical processes without going into encyclopedic depth, the authors explain the life cycle of stars in a broad contemporary context.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'Pinsonneault and Ryden's book is a very welcome addition to the field of stellar evolution at a level appropriate to advanced undergraduate- or graduate-level study, since it manages to provide a clear, comprehensive overview of topics, without being intimidating in size or style. The textbook includes up-to-date results from contemporary missions such as Gaia and Kepler, with the final chapters discussing stellar rotation, pulsations, and binary evolution in depth. Most chapters include a few well-designed exercises, with a research-level reading list provided after the appendix. I would highly recommend it for Master's-level courses on stellar structure and evolution.' Paul Crowther, University of Sheffield\u003cbr\u003e'This text is a welcome addition to the pantheon of monographs and textbooks explaining the physical basics of stellar structure and evolution. Aimed primarily at an audience learning the material for the first time, this text explains the phases of the life of a star through a clear application of physical principles. Weaving together classical fluids, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and nuclear physics, it enables students and their instructors to gain the physical intuition needed for the study of stars in this time of their observational renaissance.' Lars Bildsten, University of California, Santa Barbara\u003cbr\u003e'This is a welcome addition to the literature, providing a comprehensive overview of stellar structure and evolution, and including insights from the latest data, techniques, and results.' William Chaplin, University of Birmingham\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface; 1. Properties of stars; 2. Equations of stellar structure; 3. Equations of state; 4. Stellar energy transport; 5. Stars as fusion reactors; 6. Main sequence stars; 7. Star formation: before the main sequence; 8. Evolved stars: after the main sequence; 9. Ex-stars; 10. Rotating stars; 11. Pulsating stars; 12. Binary stars; Appendices; Bibliography, references, and figure credits; Index.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738328543575,"sku":"9781108798822","price":39.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781108798822.jpg?v=1791469740"},{"product_id":"the-evolution-of-stars-from-birth-to-death-9781527550520","title":"The Evolution of Stars: From Birth to Death","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhy write a book about the stars? Of what use is their study? This book covers this ground with a number of anecdotes arising from the author’s almost 60 years’ experience as a research scientist who has worked with some of the largest telescopes in the world. The text exposes much of what is glossed over in the canned information that the public get and holds nothing back with respect to uncertainties within the subject. 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Gives a splendid overview of our Sun's planetary system, including its history and exploration'\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eDame Jocelyn Bell Burnell\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e*\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWe have the impression that the solar system\u003c\/b\u003e is perfectly regular like a clock, or a planetarium instrument. On a short timescale it is. But, seen in a longer perspective, the planets, and their satellites, have exciting lives, full of events - for example, did you know that Saturn's moon, Titan, boasts lakes which contain liquid methane surrounded by soaring hills and valleys, exactly as the earth did before life evolved on our fragile planet? Or that Mercury is the shyest planet? Or, that Mars' biggest volcano is 100 times the size of Earth's, or that its biggest canyon is 10 times the depth of the Grand Canyon, or that it wasn't always red, but blue? \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe culmination of a lifetime of astronomy and wonder, Paul Murdin's enchanting new book reveals everything you ever wanted to know about the planets, their satellites, and our place in the solar system.","brand":"Hodder \u0026 Stoughton","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48740181868887,"sku":"9781529319408","price":11.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781529319408.jpg?v=1720054071"},{"product_id":"the-secret-world-of-stargazing-find-solace-in-the-stars-9781529382076","title":"The Secret World of Stargazing: Find solace in the stars","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e'A book that will make the night sky your lifelong passion. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn invitation to immerse yourself in the nature around you and the universe beyond.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e' - Professor Brian Cox\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Secret World of Stargazing\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e is the ultimate astronomy book to set you on your epic journey around the cosmos - it's a simple guide to the skies and makes stargazing fun, easy and enjoyable for all - absolutely no equipment is required! \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdrian West, AKA the internet sensation VirtualAstro, will take you through the seasons, showing you exactly what you can spot in the sky throughout the year, whether you're in your back garden or sitting on an exotic beach somewhere! 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Astronomer James Geach takes us on a tour of what is currently known and unknown, discussing why the ancient science of astronomy continues to fascinate humanity. Appealing to all readers interested in astronomy and cosmology, and featuring 108 superb colour photographs, Galaxy explores the enigma of our cosmic habitat, chronicling how our home in the Universe came to be.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'Book of the Month . . . an enthralling, detailed and beautiful look at one of the most challenging and exciting areas of modern astronomy, and a great addition to any enthusiast’s library.'-Sky At Night Magazine; '[Galaxy] contains dozens of stunning images of galaxies and nebulas, showing the beauty that lurks among the gas and dust of these complex systems . . . an excellent guide to a world many of us never get to see, both on and off this planet.'-Focus Magazine; 'Gorgeous color photos, coupled with clear and engaging explanations of the science behind them, make this book a winner on every level.'-Publishers Weekly; 'James Geach is actively researching on one of the most exciting frontiers of todays science: extragalactic astronomy. His book conveys his personal enthusiasm, and offers a clear and highly readable survey of the fields progress and prospects.'-Professor Martin Rees FRS, Astronomer Royal, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge","brand":"Reaktion Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48741659115863,"sku":"9781789141337","price":14.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781789141337.jpg?v=1720058321"},{"product_id":"the-history-of-our-universe-in-21-stars-that-you-can-spot-in-the-night-sky-9781802795059","title":"The History of Our Universe in 21 Stars: (That","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreviously published as \u003ci\u003eA History of the Universe in 21 Stars\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'A delight and triumph ... A thing of beauty ... Truly, truly magical' \u003cb\u003etalkRADIO\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLook up on a clear evening, and you'll see thousands of stars shining in the night sky, each telling a story of their own. With star maps to help easily identify key celestial bodies, astronomer Giles Sparrow takes 21 stars (and three imposters) to look at what each pinprick of light can tell us about the birth, life and death of our universe.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrom red giants to supernovae and from stellar cities to our own Sun, \u003ci\u003eThe History of Our Universe in 21 Stars\u003c\/i\u003e shows how the lights we see in the sky can help us unravel the mysteries of the cosmos.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'A delight and a triumph ... A thing of beauty ... Truly, truly magical' -- Mark Dolan * talkRADIO *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolaris • Mizar • 61 Cygni • Aldebaran • Alcyone\/The Pleiades • The Trapezium • T Tauri • The Sun • Proxima Centauri • Tau Ceti • Algol • Mira • Sirius A and B • RS Ophiuchi • Betelgeuse • Eta Carinae • The Crab Pulsar • Cygnus X-1 • Omega Centauri • Delta Cephei • Andromeda Nebula • S2 • 3C 48 • Supernova 1944D. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Headline Publishing Group","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48741830558039,"sku":"9781802795059","price":12.28,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781802795059.jpg?v=1720058964"},{"product_id":"galaxy-formation-9783662658901","title":"Galaxy Formation","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eDelineating the huge strides taken in cosmology in the past ten years, this much-anticipated second edition of Malcolm Longair's highly appreciated textbook has been extensively and thoroughly updated. It tells the story of modern astrophysical cosmology from the perspective of one of its most important and fundamental problems – how did the galaxies come about? Longair uses this approach to introduce the whole of what may be called \"classical cosmology\". What’s more, he describes how the study of the origin of galaxies and larger-scale structures in the Universe has provided us with direct information about the physics of the very early Universe.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Preliminaries\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 \u003c\/b\u003eA Brief History of Cosmology and Galaxy Formation.............................................................................................. 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Prehistory..................................................................................... 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 The Galaxies and the Structure of our Galaxy........................................................................................... 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The Theory of the Expanding Universe...................................................................................... 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 The Big Bang............................................................................................ 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Galaxy and Structure Formation................................................................................... 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Hot and Cold Dark Matter......................................................................................... 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 The Very Early Universe...................................................................................... 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Large Scale Structure of the Universe.............................................................................................. \u003c\/b\u003e29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 The Spectrum and Isotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation............................................................. 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 The Spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground Radiation........................................................................ 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 The Isotropy of the Cosmic Microwave\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground Radiation........................................................................ 32\u003c\/p\u003e 2.2 The Large-scale Distribution of Galaxies...................................................................................... 36\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 2.2.1 Two-point correlation functions........................................................................ 37\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 2.2.2 Walls and voids in the distribution of galaxies on large scales 41\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 2.3 Hubble’s Law and the Expansion of the Universe...................................................................................... 47\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 2.4 Conclusion.................................................................................. 51\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eGalaxies............................................................................................... \u003c\/b\u003e53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction............................................................................... 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 The Revised Hubble Sequence for Galaxies...................................................................................... 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Peculiar and Interacting Galaxies...................................................................................... 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 The Light Distribution in Galaxies...................................................................................... 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Elliptical Galaxies.......................................................................... 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Spiral and Lenticular Galaxies.......................................................................... 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Putting the Light Distributions Together........................ 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 The Masses of Galaxies............................................................... 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 The Virial Theorem for Clusters of Stars, Galaxies and\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClusters of Galaxies........................................................ 67\u003c\/p\u003e 3.5.2 The Rotation Curves of Spiral Galaxies........................... 70\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 3.5.3 The Velocity Dispersions of Elliptical Galaxies................ 73\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 3.6 The Properties of Spiral and Elliptical Galaxies.......................... 74\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 3.6.1 The Faber–Jackson Relation and the Fundamental Plane............................................................................... 74\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 3.6.2 Ellipticals Galaxies as Triaxial Systems........................... 75\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 3.6.3 The Tully-Fisher Relation for Spiral Galaxies................... 77\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 3.6.4 Luminosity-Metallicity Relations.................................... 78\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 The Luminosity Function of Galaxies.......................................... 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Aspects of the Luminosity Function of Galaxies............. 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 The Integrated Luminosity and the Mean Mass- to-Luminosity Ratio for Visible Matter in the\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniverse.......................................................................... 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 The Properties of Galaxies – Correlations Along the Hubble\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSequence..................................................................................... 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 The Red and Blue Sequences...................................................... 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.1 Colour versus Absolute Magnitude................................ 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.2 Sérsic Index and Colour.................................................. 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.3 Mean Stellar Age and Concentration Index \u003ci\u003eC................ \u003c\/i\u003e94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.4 The Effect of the Galaxy Environment............................ 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.5 The New Perspective...................................................... 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Concluding Remark..................................................................... 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eClusters of Galaxies............................................................................. \u003c\/b\u003e99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 The Large-scale Distribution of Clusters of Galaxies.................. 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 The Abell Catalogues of Rich Clusters of Galaxies........ 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Comparison with Clusters Selected from the Sloan Digital\u003c\/p\u003e Sky Survey................................................................... 103\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Abell Clusters and the Large-scale Distribution of Galaxies . 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The Distribution of Galaxies in Clusters of Galaxies................. 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 The Galaxy Content and Spatial Distribution of Galaxies\u003c\/p\u003e in Clusters..................................................................... 106\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Clusters of Galaxies and Isothermal Gas Spheres........ 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 The Luminosity Function for Cluster Galaxies.............. 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Summary of the Properties of Rich Clusters of Galaxies......................................................................... 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Dynamical Estimates of the Masses of Clusters of Galaxies..... 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 X-ray Observations of Hot Gas in Clusters of Galaxies.............. 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 The Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect in Hot Intracluster Gas.............. 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Gravitational Lensing by Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies...... 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Basic Theory of Gravitational Deflections.................... 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Magnification of Images by Gravitational Lensing....... 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Extended Deflectors..................................................... 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Gravitational Lensing and the Astrophysics of Galaxies........................................................................ 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Forms of Dark Matter....................................................................................... 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Baryonic Dark Matter.......................................................................... 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Non-baryonic Dark Matter.......................................................................... 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Astrophysical and Experimental Limits............................................................................ 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II The Basic Framework\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Theoretical Framework........................................................................................ \u003c\/b\u003e155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 The Cosmological Principle.................................................................................... 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Isotropic Curved Spaces....................................................................................... 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 The Space-time Metric for Isotropic Curved Spaces....................................................................................... 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 The Robertson-Walker Metric....................................................................................... 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Observations in Cosmology................................................................................ 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 The Cosmological Redshift........................................................................ 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Hubble’s Law................................................................................ 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Angular Diameters..................................................................... 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4 Apparent Intensities..................................................................... 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.5 Number Densities....................................................................... 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.6 The Age of the Universe....................................................................... 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Summary................................................................................... 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn Introduction to Relativistic Gravity............................................................................................... \u003c\/b\u003e179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 The Principle of Equivalence.............................................................................. 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 The Gravitational Redshift.................................................................................... 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 The Bending of Light Rays........................................................................................... 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Further Complications........................................................................... 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 The Route to General Relativity................................................................................... 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Four-tensors in Relativity...................................................................... 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 What Einstein Did................................................................................ 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Experimental and Observational Tests of General Relativity................................................................................... 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 The Four Tests of General Relativity...................................................................... 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Pulsars and General Relativity...................................................................... 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Parameterised Post-Newtonian Models.......................................................................... 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4 Variation of the Gravitational Constant with Cosmic Epoch . 203 6.7 Summary 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Friedman World Models............................................................................................... \u003c\/b\u003e207\u003c\/p\u003e 7.1 Einstein’s Field Equations................................................................................. 207\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 7.2 The Standard Friedman World Models with Λ=0............................................................................................ 210\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 The Newtonian Analogue of the Friedman World Models.......................................................................... 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 The Critical Density and the Density Parameter..................................................................... 212\u003c\/p\u003e 7.2.3 The Dynamics of the Friedman Models with Λ=0................................................................................ 213\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Friedman Models with Non-zero Cosmological Constant................................................................................... 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 The Cosmological Constant and the Vacuum Energy Density 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Varying the Equation of State of the Vacuum Energy........................................................................... 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 The Dynamics of World Models with Λ≠ 0: General Considerations...................................... 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Observations in Cosmology................................................................................ 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 The Deceleration Parameter..................................................................... 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 The Cosmic Time–Redshift Relation........................................................................ 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Distance Measures as a Function of Redshift........................................................................ 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Angular Diameter-Redshift Relations...................................................................... 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5 Flux Density-Redshift Relations...................................................................... 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.6 The Comoving Volume Within Redshift z.................................................................................... 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Angular Diameter Distances Between Any Two Redshifts................................................................................... 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 The Flatness Problem.................................................................................... 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Inhomogeneous World Models...................................................................................... 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA7 The Robertson-Walker Metric for an Empty Universe.................................................................................................... \u003c\/b\u003e247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Determination of Cosmological Parameters........................................................................................ \u003c\/b\u003e251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 The Cosmological Parameters............................................................................... 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Testing the Friedman Models...................................................................................... 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Hubble’s Constant H\u003ci\u003e\u003csub\u003e0\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e.............................................................................................. \u003c\/i\u003e256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 The Age of the Universe T\u003ci\u003e\u003csub\u003e0\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e....................................................................................................................... \u003c\/i\u003e260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 The Deceleration Parameter q\u003ci\u003e\u003csub\u003e0\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e............................................................................................... \u003c\/i\u003e262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 The Redshift-Magnitude Relation for the Brightest\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGalaxies in Clusters......................................................................... 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 The Redshift-Magnitude Relation for Radio Galaxies........................................................................ 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 The Redshift-Magnitude Relation for Type 1a Supernovae.................................................................. 267\u003c\/p\u003e 8.5.4 The Number Counts of Galaxies........................................................................ 270\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 8.5.5 The Angular Diameter-Redshift Test.................................................................................................... 271\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Q\u003csub\u003eA\u003c\/sub\u003e and the Statistics of Gravitational Lenses....................................................................................... 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 The Density Parameter Q\u003ci\u003e\u003csub\u003e0\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e.............................................................................................. \u003c\/i\u003e277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Summary................................................................................... 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Thermal History of the Universe............................................................................................ \u003c\/b\u003e281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Radiation-Dominated Universes.................................................................................. 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 The Matter and Radiation Content of the Universe.................................................................................... 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 The Epoch of Recombination......................................................................... 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 The Radiation-Dominated Era............................................................................................. 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 The Speed of Sound as a Function of Cosmic Epoch........................................................................................ 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Early Epochs...................................................................................... 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eNucleosynthesis in the Early Universe............................................................................................ \u003c\/b\u003e299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Equilibrium Abundances in the Early Universe.................................................................................... 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 The Decoupling of Neutrinos and the Neutrino Barrier....................................................................................... 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The Synthesis of the Light Elements................................................................................... 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 The Abundances of the Light Elements................................................................................... 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Determinations of the Observed Abundances of the Light Elements............................................... 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Comparison of Theory and Observations................................................................ 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 The Neutrino Background Temperature and the Value of \u003ci\u003ex................................................................................................ \u003c\/i\u003e311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Baryon-symmetric Universes.................................................................................. 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePart III The Development of Primordial Fluctuations under Gravity\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Evolution of Perturbations in the Standard Big Bang................................................................................................... \u003c\/b\u003e321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 What The Theorists Are Trying to Do.............................................................................................. 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Why This Programme Is Feasible........................................................................ 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 A Warning........................................................................ 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 The Non-relativistic Wave Equation for the Growth of Small Perturbations in the Expanding Universe............................................................ 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 The Jeans’ Instability.................................................................................. 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 The Jeans’ Instability in an Expanding Medium.................................................................................... 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Small Perturbation Analysis........................................................................ 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Perturbing the Friedman Solutions...................................................................... 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Falling Poles............................................................................. 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4 The General Solution........................................................................ 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 The Evolution of Peculiar Velocities in the Expanding Universe.................................................................................... 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 The Relativistic Case.......................................................................................... 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 The Basic Problem.................................................................................... 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eMore Tools and Problems........................................................................................... \u003c\/b\u003e345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Horizons and the Horizon Problem.................................................................................... 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Pedagogical Interlude – Space–time Diagrams for the Standard\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorld Models...................................................................................... 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Distance and Times............................................................................ 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 The Past Light Cone............................................................................. 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 The Critical World Model Ω\u003csub\u003e0\u003c\/sub\u003e = 1\u003ci\u003e, \u003c\/i\u003eΩ\u003csub\u003eΛ\u003c\/sub\u003e = 0\u003ci\u003e.................................................................................... \u003c\/i\u003e352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 The Reference World Model Ω\u003ci\u003e\u003csub\u003e \u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csub\u003e0\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003ci\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e= 0.3\u003ci\u003e, \u003c\/i\u003eΩ\u003csub\u003e \u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003eΛ\u003c\/sub\u003e = 0.7\u003ci\u003e................................................................................. \u003c\/i\u003e354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Superhorizon Scales........................................................................................ 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 The Adiabatic Baryonic Fluctuations in the Standard Big Bang.......................................................................................... 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 The Radiation-Dominated Era................................................................................. 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 The Matter-Dominated Era................................................................................. 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Dissipation Processes in the Pre-recombination Era............................................................................................. 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Isothermal Perturbations........................................................................... 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Baryonic Theories of Galaxy Formation................................................................................. 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.1 The Adiabatic Scenario........................................................................ 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.2 The Isothermal Scenario........................................................................ 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 What Went Wrong? 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 \u003c\/b\u003eDark Matter and Galaxy Formation.......................................................................................... 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction............................................................................. 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Forms of Non-Baryonic Dark Matter....................................................................................... 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 WIMPs as Dark Matter Particles.................................................................................... 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Metric Perturbations and Hot and Cold Dark Matter....................................................................................... 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Free Streaming and the Damping of Hot Dark Matter Perturbations . 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Instabilities in the Presence of Dark Matter....................................................................................... 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 The Evolution of Hot and Cold Dark Matter Perturbations........................................................................... 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.1 Hot Dark Matter Scenario........................................................................ 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.2 Cold Dark Matter Scenario........................................................................ 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Conclusion................................................................................ 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eCorrelation Functions and the Spectrum of the Initial Fluctuations....................................................................................... \u003c\/b\u003e395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 The Two-point Correlation Function for Galaxies.................................................................................... 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 The Perturbation Spectrum.................................................................................. 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e( )\u003c\/p\u003e The Relation Between \u003ci\u003eξ\u003c\/i\u003e r and the Power Spectrum of the Fluctuations.......................................... 398\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 14.2.2 The Initial Power-Spectrum...................................................................... 400\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 14.2.3 The Harrison–Zeldovich Power Spectrum...................................................................... 401\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 The Evolution of the Initial Perturbation Spectrum – Transfer Functions........................................................... 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Adiabatic Cold Dark Matter.......................................................................... 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Adiabatic Hot Dark Matter.......................................................................... 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3 Isocurvature Cold Dark Matter.......................................................................... 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.4 The Subsequent Evolution...................................................................... 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Biasing...................................................................................... 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Reconstructing the Processed Initial Power Spectrum.................................................................................. 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 Redshift biases............................................................................ 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.2 Non-linear development of the density perturbations............................................................... 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.3 The role of baryon perturbations............................................................... 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 The Acoustic Peaks in the Power Spectrum of Galaxies.................................................................................... 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.1 The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey........................................................................... 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.2 The Sloan Digital Sky Survey........................................................................... 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Variations on a Theme of Cold Dark Matter....................................................................................... 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eFluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation........................................................................................... \u003c\/b\u003e431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 The Ionisation of the Intergalactic Gas Through the Epoch of Recombination.................................................. 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 The Physical and Angular Scales of the Fluctuations.............................................................................. 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 The Last Scattering Layer............................................................................. 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 The Silk Damping Scale.............................................................................. 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 The Sound Horizon at the Last Scattering Layer............................................................................. 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 The Particle Horizon Scales............................................................................ 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5 Summary...................................................................... 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 The Power Spectrum of Fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation........................................................... 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 The Statistical Description of the Temperature Fluctuations . 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 The Power-Spectrum of Fluctuations in the Intensity of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation............................................... 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Large Angular Scales........................................................................................ 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 The Sachs-Wolfe Effect – Physical Arguments.................................................................... 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 The Integrated Sachs-Wolfe and Rees-Sciama Effects........................................................................... 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 Primordial Gravitational Waves............................................................................................... 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Intermediate Angular Scales – the Acoustic Peaks......................................................................................... 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Small Angular Scales........................................................................................ 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.1 Statistical and Silk Damping....................................................................... 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.2 The Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect in Clusters of Galaxies........................................................................ 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.3 Confusion due to Discrete Sources......................................................................... 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 The Reionised Intergalactic Gas............................................................................................ 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 The Polarisation of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.................................................................................. 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.1 The Polarisation Mechanism for the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation............................................... 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.2 Polarisation from the Last Scattering Layer............................................................................. 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.3 Polarisation from the Epoch of Reionisation................................................................. 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.4 Primordial Gravitational Waves............................................................................................... 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.5 Weak Gravitational Lensing.......................................................................... 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 The Determination of Cosmological Parameters............................................................................... 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.10Other Sources of Primordial Fluctuations.............................................................................. 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.11Reflections................................................................................ 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV The Post-Recombination Universe\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Post-Recombination Era...................................................................................................... \u003c\/b\u003e481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 The Non-linear Collapse of Density Perturbations........................................................................... 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.1 Isotropic Top-hat Collapse........................................................................ 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.2 The Zeldovich Approximation............................................................. 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 The Role of Dissipation................................................................................ 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 The Press-Schechter Mass Function.................................................................................... 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Exposition – Elementary Theory.......................................................................... 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Development and Recapitulation.............................................................. 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Evolution of Galaxies and Active Galaxies with Cosmic Epoch................................................................................................. \u003c\/b\u003e501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction............................................................................. 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Counts of Galaxies and Active Galaxies.................................................................................... 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Euclidean Source Counts.......................................................................... 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2 Source Counts for the Standard World Models.......................................................................... 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.3 Submillimetre Counts of Dusty Galaxies........................................................................ 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.4 Number Counts in Models with Finite Q\u003csub\u003eA\u003c\/sub\u003e.................................................................................. 511\u003c\/p\u003e 17.2.5 Fluctuations in the Background Radiation due to Discrete Sources.................................................. 514\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 17.3 \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \/\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e The \u003ci\u003eV V\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csub\u003emax\u003c\/sub\u003e or Luminosity-Volume Test................................................................................................................... 517\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 The Background Radiation.................................................................................. 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.1 The Background Radiation and the Source Counts.......................................................................... 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.2 Evaluating the Background due to Discrete Sources......................................................................... 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.3 The Effects of Evolution – the Case of the Radio\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground Emission....................................................................... 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 The Evolution of Active Galaxies with Cosmic Epoch........................................................................................ 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.1 \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\/\u003c\/p\u003e Number Counts and V V\u003csub\u003emax\u003c\/sub\u003e Tests for Extragalactic Radio Sources.................................................. 524\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.2 Radio Quiet Quasars......................................................................... 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.3 X-ray Source Counts.......................................................................... 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.4 X-ray Clusters of Galaxies........................................................................ 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Infrared and Submillimetre Number Counts...................................................................................... 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Counts of Galaxies.................................................................................... 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.8 Clusters of Galaxies.................................................................................... 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Intergalactic Medium............................................................................................. \u003c\/b\u003e557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 The Background Emission of and Absorption by the Intergalactic\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGas............................................................................................ 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 The Gunn–Peterson Test................................................................................................................... 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 The Lyman-\u003ci\u003ea \u003c\/i\u003eAbsorption Clouds....................................................................................... 562\u003c\/p\u003e 18.3.1 The Properties of the Lyman-\u003ci\u003ea \u003c\/i\u003eAbsorption Clouds........................................................................... 563\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2 The Nature of the Clouds in the Lyman-a Forest............................................................................ 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.3 The Evolution of Lyman-\u003ci\u003ea \u003c\/i\u003eAbsorption Clouds with\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCosmic Epoch............................................................................ 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.4 The Power-spectrum of the Lyman-a Forest............................................................................ 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 The Luke-warm Intergalactic Gas............................................................................................ 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.1 The X-ray Background and a Cosmic Conspiracy.................................................................... 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.2 The Collisional Excitation of the Intergalactic Gas................................................................................ 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.3 The Emission and Absorption of Diffuse Luke-warm Intergalactic Gas......................................................... 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.4 The Proximity Effect and the Diffuse Ultraviolet\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground Radiation at Large Redshifts....................................................................... 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 The Lyman Continuum Opacity of the Intergalactic Gas............................................................................................ 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Modelling the Evolution of the Intergalactic Medium.................................................................................... 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 The Epoch of Reionisation............................................................................. 584\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 The Origin of Magnetic Fields......................................................................................... 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking Real Galaxies............................................................................................. \u003c\/b\u003e593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Star and Element Formation in Galaxies.................................................................................... 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.1 The Background Radiation and Element Formation..................................................................... 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.2 The Global Star Formation Rate from Optical and\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUltraviolet Observations of Star-forming Galaxies........................................................................ 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.3 The Lyman-break Galaxies........................................................................ 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.4 The Hubble Deep and Ultra Deep Fields............................................................................ 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.5 Submillimetre Determinations of Cosmic Star Formation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRate............................................................................... 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 The Abundances of Elements in Lyman-a Absorption Systems..................................................................................... 610\u003c\/p\u003e 19.3 The Equations of Cosmic Chemical Evolution.................................................................................. 614\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 19.4 The Old Red Galaxies.................................................................................... 617\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 19.5 The Origin of Rotation.............................................................. 621\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e 19.6 Putting It All Together – Semi-Analytic Models of Galaxy Formation623\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Very Early Universe.................................................................... \u003c\/b\u003e631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 The Big Problems...................................................................... 631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1.1 The horizon problem.................................................... 631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1.2 The flatness problem.................................................... 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1.3 The baryon-asymmetry problem................................. 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1.4 The Primordial Fluctuation Problem............................ 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1.5 The Values of the Cosmological Parameters................ 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1.6 The Way Ahead............................................................. 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 The Limits of Observation......................................................... 635\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 The Anthropic Cosmological Principle...................................... 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 The Inflationary Universe – Historical Background.................. 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 The Origin of the Spectrum of Primordial Perturbations......... 640\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5.1 The equation of state................................................... 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5.2 The duration of the inflationary phase........................ 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5.3 The shrinking Hubble sphere........................................ 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5.4 Scalar Fields.................................................................. 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5.5 The Quantised Harmonic Oscillator............................. 646\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5.6 The Spectrum of Fluctuations in the Scalar Field......... 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Baryogenesis............................................................................. 651\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 The Planck Era........................................................................... 652\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eIndex.......................................................................................................... \u003c\/b\u003e655\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReferences\u003c\/b\u003e............................................................................... 689 \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH \u0026 Co. KG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743143178583,"sku":"9783662658901","price":75.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783662658901.jpg?v=1720064299"},{"product_id":"star-formation-9789813142039","title":"Star Formation","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'Krumholz has a strong writing style, didactic to be sure, but also fairly conversational within the limits of the material. While hardly casual reading, this text would be a good resource for a stellar astrophysicist, or any individual seeking to become one.'CHOICEThis book provides a modern introduction to the study of star formation, at a level suitable for graduate students or advanced undergraduates in astrophysics. The first third of the book provides a review of the observational phenomenology and then the basic physical processes that are important for star formation. The remainder then discusses the major observational results and theoretical models for star formation on scales from galactic down to planetary. The book includes recommendations for complementary reading from the research literature, as well as five problem sets with solutions.","brand":"World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743296303447,"sku":"9789813142039","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789813142039.jpg?v=1720064974"},{"product_id":"handbook-of-pulsar-astronomy-9780521535342","title":"Handbook of Pulsar Astronomy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis 2004 book provides a concise description of pulsar research. Key techniques, background information and results are presented along with software tools that can be used on real example data. This is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReview of the hardback: 'This is a book which is well-timed and well-written and deserves to be read by a wider audience than that at which it is aimed.' The Observatory\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction; 1. Basic pulsar properties; 2. Pulsars as physical tools; 3. Theoretical background; 4. Instrumentation for pulsar observations; 5. Observing known pulsars; 6. Finding new pulsars; 7. Pulsar timing; 8. Beyond single radio dishes; Appendix.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864953467223,"sku":"9780521535342","price":56.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780521535342.jpg?v=1791463139"},{"product_id":"physics-of-the-interstellar-and-intergalactic-medium-9780691122144","title":"Physics of the Interstellar and Intergalactic","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFocuses on the astrophysics of the interstellar and intergalactic medium - the gas and dust, as well as the electromagnetic radiation, cosmic rays, and magnetic and gravitational fields, present between the stars in a galaxy and also between galaxies themselves. This title covers radiative processes, fluid dynamics, cosmic rays, and more.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"This is a comprehensive and richly illustrated textbook on the astrophysics of the interstellar and intergalactic medium... This graduate-level textbook includes references for further reading, and serves as an invaluable resource for working astrophysicists.\"--Lunar and Planetary Information Bulletin","brand":"Princeton University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48865518485847,"sku":"9780691122144","price":74.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780691122144.jpg?v=1722274356"},{"product_id":"the-milky-way-9780691178356","title":"The Milky Way","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne of SkyNews Best Astronomy Books of the Year 2013, chosen by SkyNews editor, Terence Dickinson \"The Milky Way is a good overview of our knowledge of the Milky Way... [F]or those who want to get up to speed on the Milky Way, or simply refresh their knowledge of it, this book can help the reader become an insider about our galactic home.\"--Jeff Foust, Space Review \"Erudite, yet eminently accessible... [A] joy to read.\"--Bill Baker, ForeWord \"The Milky Way: An Insider's Guide is a very comprehensive and up-to-date survey of its subject. The overall impression it leaves one with is of our galaxy as a very busy place, fizzing with what the author, in a particularly felicitous phrase, calls 'vigorous fecundity.' Our little burg may be a mere speck in the grand scheme of things, but there's a lot going on here.\"--John Derbyshire, American Spectator \"The breadth of material Waller covers is astonishing... As a space journalist, I'll definitely keep this book on my shelf.\"--Elizabeth Howell, Universe Today \"[R]ich with fascinating detail... The author delivers everything we need in a book about our Galaxy, bringing a welcome depth to our appreciation of those clear, dark nights.\"--Alastair Gunn, BBC Sky at Night \"[W]ell-written and accessible... Strongly recommended, as this volume should have a wide readership among student and lay astronomers.\"--Library Journal \"[A] thrilling story of our home galaxy, quite the best I've seen in popular astronomy books.\"--Simon Mitton, Times Higher Education \"The photographs are quite stunning. As new techniques and more elaborate apparatus for exploring the universe are being developed, our knowledge and understanding are increasing exponentially. This excellent and comprehensive guide to the Milky Way may well be the definitive book on the subject for the time being, but it is unlikely to remain so for too long.\"--Anthony Toole, Shvoong.com \"Waller's book provides an excellent starting point, telling the story of the formation and evolution of the Milky Way, and how this hard-won knowledge was obtained--and it does so in an entertaining and not overly detailed fashion. It should be among the first recommendations to new students of the field, as well as to citizen scientists who wish to deepen their understanding of one of the fundamental, as well as fast-advancing, areas of modern astronomy.\"--Timothy C. Beers, Nature Physics \"This clearly written, largely nontechnical book balances the poetic interpretation of the starry realm with the modern scientific nature of the Milky Way galaxy... The book can be used as a textbook or be a good general read.\"--Choice \"[W]aller's goal--fully achieved, in my opinion--is to familiarize readers with the history of the discovery of the Milky Way Galaxy's size, shape, and contents and our place in it. Attention is given to the origin of stars in general and to the nature of specific types of stars and how our galaxy came to be in the first place.\"--Terence Dickinson, SkyNews \"This book is superb: written in an engaging, even folksy, style, it would be the perfect primer for a beginning undergraduate wanting an up-to-date overview of stellar and galactic astronomy.\"--David Stickland, Journal of Continuity and Change\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface vii Chapter 1: First Impressions 1 Chapter 2: Historic Perceptions 10 Chapter 3: Panchromatic Vistas 53 Chapter 4: Neighbors of the Sun 82 Chapter 5: Beacons from Afar 102 Chapter 6: Star Birth 127 Chapter 7: Lives of the Stars 148 Chapter 8: Stellar Afterlives 171 Chapter 9: The Galactic Garden 194 Chapter 10: Monster in the Core 221 Chapter 11: Tales of Origin 236 Chapter 12: Life in the Milky Way 251 Glossary 277 Notes 295 Selected Readings 303 Index 311","brand":"Princeton University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48865538834775,"sku":"9780691178356","price":17.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780691178356.jpg?v=1791463751"},{"product_id":"searching-for-the-oldest-stars-9780691197197","title":"Searching for the Oldest Stars","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eA leading astronomer takes readers behind the scenes of the thrilling science of stellar archaeology and explains how sections of the night sky are \"excavated\" in the hunt for extremely rare, 13-billion-year-old relic stars and how this quest reveals tantalizing new details about the origins and evolution of the cosmos.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Frebel's narrative provides a rich picture of the understandings astronomers have gleaned from studies of the elements in stars.\"\u003cb\u003e—Laurence A. Marschall, \u003ci\u003eNatural History\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"A delight.\"\u003cb\u003e—Matt Sutherland, \u003ci\u003eForeword Reviews\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"The core of Frebel's book, and the source of its appeal, is the joy it conveys.\"\u003cb\u003e—Brian Bethune, \u003ci\u003eMaclean's\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"An excellent description of how a scientist approaches and works through a research project and how her cutting-edge project fits into the larger view of modern astronomy.\"\u003cb\u003e—\u003ci\u003eChoice\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"A gripping account of astronomy and the thrill of scientific discovery.\"\u003cb\u003e—Dave Pugl, \u003ci\u003eLibrary Journal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e","brand":"Princeton University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48865544700247,"sku":"9780691197197","price":15.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780691197197.jpg?v=1722274486"},{"product_id":"spectral-atlas-for-amateur-astronomers-a-guide-to-the-spectra-of-astronomical-objects-and-terrestrial-light-sources-9781107165908","title":"Spectral Atlas for Amateur Astronomers A Guide to","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFeaturing detailed commented spectral profiles of more than one hundred astronomical objects, in colour, this spectral reference documents important spectroscopically observable objects accessible to amateur-level equipment. It allows comparisons with your own recorded spectra to inspire amateurs and students to undertake independent observing projects.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'Spectroscopy is to astronomy what fingerprints are to forensic investigators. Walker has put together one of the most comprehensive references on the subject published to date … he has compiled an atlas of spectra from a variety of astronomical sources that can be used to classify almost any object observable with telescopes that are typically available to amateurs. This book nicely bridges the vast gap between what students will find in most textbooks and the references used by practitioners. Want to tell a white dwarf star from a red giant star? A nebula from a galaxy? Here's how! This richly illustrated atlas of spectra makes the identification process relatively easy. Moreover, the introduction to each chapter provides an accessible primer on the astrophysics behind the spectra. An extensive bibliography will lead the novice spectroscopist into as much detail as desired … This labor of love belongs on any serious amateur's desk - even professionals will find it quite useful.' T. D. Oswalt, Choice\u003cbr\u003e'Trypsteen and Walker's Spectroscopy for Amateur Astronomers does a thorough job of explaining the science of spectroscopy and should help interested amateurs with equipment choices and processing; the Spectral Atlas for Amateur Astronomers gives them everything else they'll need, namely, a variety of documents and sample spectra for popular targets. It brings together the spectra for the main stellar classes, as well as spectra from stars at various stages of development (from protostars all the way through the stellar life cycle to their transformation into planetary nebulae, supernovae, or white dwarfs). The atlas also includes documents and spectra for star clusters, extragalactic objects, and emission nebulae. Pair this book with Marc F. M. Trypsteen and Richard Walker's Spectroscopy for Amateur Astronomers and you'll have a comprehensive package on spectroscopy.' S. N. Johnson-Roehr, Sky \u0026amp; Telescope: The Essential Guide to Astronomy\u003cbr\u003e'… a very good atlas that students, from undergraduate to Ph.D., and instructors will find handy for a quick reference.' B. Ishak, Contemporary Physics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface; Acknowledgements; 1. Directory of plates; 2. Selection, processing and presentation of the spectra; 3. Terms, definitions and abbreviations; 4. Overview and characteristics of stellar spectral classes; 5. Spectral class O; 6. Spectral class B; 7. Spectral class A; 8. Spectral class F; 9. Spectral class G; 10. Spectral class K; 11. Spectral class M; 12. Spectral sequence on the AGB; 13. M(e) stars on the AGB; 14. Spectral class S on the AGB; 15. Carbon stars on the AGB; 16. Post AGB stars and white dwarf; 17. Wolf Rayet stars; 18. LBV stars; 19. Be stars; 20. Be shell stars; 21. PMS protostars; 22. Peculiar CP-stars; 23. Spectroscopic binaries; 24. Novae; 25. Supernovae; 26. Extragalactic objects; 27. Star clusters; 28. Emission nebulae; 29. Reflectance spectra of Solar System bodies; 30. Telluric molecular absorption; 31. The night sky spectrum; 32. The night sky spectrum; 33. Terrestrial and calibration light sources.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866339225943,"sku":"9781107165908","price":76.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"things-that-go-bump-in-the-universe-9781421446936","title":"Things That Go Bump in the Universe","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExperience the drama of the explosive cosmos and the astonishing discoveries being made about the universe's wildest phenomena. The violent birth of the universe was only the first bang of a very bumpy ride. This unfathomably cacophonous beginning has spawned blasts, implosions, cosmic cannibalism, collisions, and countless other fleeting energetic events punctuating the cosmos. Although often brief, these transient phenomena pack a powerful punch. Armed with decades of theoretical progress, unrivaled computing power, and cutting-edge technology, astronomers find themselves at the cusp of understanding not just the events themselves, but also how those events reveal the story of the entire cosmos. In Things That Go Bump in the Universe, astronomer and science writer C. Renée James introduces us to her colleagues around the world, who are using pioneering research techniques to explore everything from the very first explosions in the universe to the dark energy that could destroy it a\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLike a pulsar, the book is at times dense, but it also dazzles. It recasts modern astronomy as the search for transient, explosive events, and the messages they contain if only we can decode them.\u003cbr\u003e—\u003ci\u003eNew York Times Book Review\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrologue. Flashes of Insight\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1. Catching Cosmic Fireflies\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2. Out of the Question\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3. Putting the \"Super\" in Supernova\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4. Star-Shattering Energy\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5. The Search for Smoking Guns\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6. Detecting Cosmic Heartbeats\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7. Stellar Arrhythmia\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8. (Almost) No Star Is an Island\u003cbr\u003eChapter 9. The Making of a Superstar\u003cbr\u003eChapter 10. Cloudy with a Chance of Neutrinos\u003cbr\u003eChapter 11. Not \"The End\"\u003cbr\u003eChapter 12. Collision Course\u003cbr\u003eChapter 13. Fallen Stars\u003cbr\u003eChapter 14. Don't Blink\u003cbr\u003eChapter 15. Point Blank\u003cbr\u003eChapter 16. Cats, Rats, and Fantastic Beasts, and How to Tell Them Apart \u003cbr\u003eChapter 17. Cosmic Tremors\u003cbr\u003eChapter 18. The Return of the Furbies\u003cbr\u003eChapter 19. LIGO, We Have a Problem\u003cbr\u003eChapter 20. Impeccable Timing\u003cbr\u003eChapter 21. All Together Now\u003cbr\u003eChapter 22. Multiple Eyewitness Accounts\u003cbr\u003eChapter 23. Furbies—A New Hope\u003cbr\u003eChapter 24. The First Bumps in the Universe \u003cbr\u003eChapter 25. The Last Hurrah\u003cbr\u003eEpilogue. Ephemera\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003eBibliography\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Johns Hopkins University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866941862231,"sku":"9781421446936","price":22.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781421446936.jpg?v=1722281015"},{"product_id":"visual-galaxy-9781426220609","title":"Visual Galaxy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis compelling visual journey through our galaxy combines more than 350 photographs, illustrations, and graphics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“This a world-expanding book of our universe. If you feel small on the daily, like I do when I consider the vastness of space, this picture book will shrink you even more.\u003cbr\u003e It’s hard to put into words how beautiful these pictures are. This is the perfect book to keep in a living area for guests. Would also be amazing in a classroom, possibly inspiring some future astronauts or engineers.” –Amy’s Book-et List\u003cbr\u003e “From the first image of two galaxies colliding, I knew this book was going to be amazing…Overall, a remarkable book for any space enthusiast.” –Stephanie’s Book Reviews\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e “Confession: I’ve become addicted to these National Geographic books. The quality is outstanding as we’ve always expected from Nat Geo, and I learn so much from reading them. Visual Galaxy is exactly what you’d expect and more. It’s our beloved Milky Way in pictures, looking at its past, present, and future…it also gives a glimpse into our galaxy’s position within the vast universe.” –Jennifer - Tar Heel Reader\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e “Five words: the perfect coffee table book! “ –Literary Quicksand\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e “Swoon. This is another stunner from National Geographic. As one would expect, the book is full of breathtaking photos that bring you into space. It’s also a great reminder of just how tiny the Earth is when you start to consider the whole of the galaxy…It’s the perfect book to just get lost in. Ha – lost in space.” –Broken Teepee\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e “I was so wrapped up in the facts and pictures that I lost track of time and then I had finished it.” –A Dream Within a Dream\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e “@natgeo continues to publish amazing stories of our world, and beyond! Visual Galaxy was released last month and is full of incredible photos, illustrations, and explanations of the universe. I’ve loved introducing @natgeo to my own kids - a whole new generation of humans thirsty for knowledge and hungry to explore our world.” –Instagram: @theunreadshelf\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e “That's the best part about National Geographic, we all know them and we know that they are the pinnacle of great so if someone sees these books- they are most certainly going to pick them up and get sucked in…Not only did I love this book but my 14 and 11 year-old did as well, and it was fun to have discussions about it.” –Stranded in Chaos\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e “If the information itself wasn’t enough this book is FULL of gorgeous photos and illustrations of things like supernovae, star clusters, solar flares and planets.” –Ms. Nose in a Book\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e “The Foreword from Col. Chris Hadfield is a short love letter to everyone inspired by the sky and what is just past what we can see; I'm a Hadfield fan already but his brief introduction was genuine, awe-filled, and inspiring. This book is perfect for my aspiring astronaut as it has giant, gorgeous photos, artistic renderings, diagrams, and other pictures detailing the huge and little mysteries of space.” –Unabridged Chick","brand":"National Geographic Society","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48867025289559,"sku":"9781426220609","price":31.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781426220609.jpg?v=1722281337"},{"product_id":"the-universe-in-your-hand-9781447284109","title":"The Universe in Your Hand","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eImagine if \u003ci\u003eThe Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\u003c\/i\u003e were a real, practical book about the mysteries of the universe . . .\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Universe in Your Hand\u003c\/i\u003e takes us on a wonder-filled journey to the surface of our dying sun, shrinks us to the size of an atom and puts us in the deathly grip of distant black holes. Along the way you might come to understand, really understand, the mind-bending science that underpins modern life, from quantum mechanics to Einstein's theory of general relativity.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThrough brilliant storytelling and humour rather than graphs and equations, internationally renowned astrophysicist Christophe Galfard has written an instant classic that brings the astonishing beauty of the universe to life - and takes us deep into questions about the beginning of time and the future of humanity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWill thrill readers but rarely perplex them . . . Galfard leaves exhilarated readers eager to share in the forthcoming discoveries. * Booklist, Starred Review *\u003cbr\u003eEntertaining and comprehensive . . . Readers looking to expand their knowledge of physics and cosmology will find everything they need here. * Publishers Weekly, Starred Review *\u003cbr\u003ePart personal conversation, part travelogue, and part science primer for the non-scientist,\u003ci\u003e The Universe in Your Hand\u003c\/i\u003e is a delightful and highly educational read. -- Jim Bell, author of \u003ci\u003eThe Interstellar Age\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003ePostcards from Mars\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIf Ms. Frizzle were a physics student of Stephen Hawking, she might have written \u003ci\u003eThe Universe in Your Hand,\u003c\/i\u003e a wild tour through the reaches of time and space, from the interior of a proton to the Big Bang to the rough suburbs of a black hole. It's friendly, excitable, erudite, and cosmic. -- Jordan Ellenberg, \u003ci\u003eNew York Times\u003c\/i\u003e bestselling author of \u003ci\u003eHow Not To Be Wrong\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA useful book for readers to visualize the complex ideas of modern physics. * Kirkus Reviews *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSection - i: Foreward Chapter - 1: The Cosmos Chapter - 2: Making Sense of Outer Space Chapter - 3: Fast Chapter - 4: A Dive into the Quantum World Chapter - 5: To the Origin of Space and Time Chapter - 6: Unexpected Mysteries Chapter - 7: A Step Beyond What is Known Section - ii: Epilogue Acknowledgements - iii: Acknowledgements Section - iv: Sources Index - v: Index","brand":"Pan Macmillan","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48867106029911,"sku":"9781447284109","price":11.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781447284109.jpg?v=1722281713"},{"product_id":"treasury-of-folklore-stars-and-skies-9781849947749","title":"Treasury of Folklore: Stars and Skies","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFollowing on from the hugely popular \u003cem\u003eTreasury of Folklore: Seas and Rivers\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eWoodlands and Forests \u003c\/em\u003ecomes \u003cem\u003eTreasury of Folklore: Stars and Skies\u003c\/em\u003e, an exploration of the mysteries of the stars, skies and heavens above.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople have gazed up at the same stars for millennia, trading stories about them; conjuring gods and goddesses; mapping the constellations; and navigating the complex human world below. 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In the section on 'Skies' we are introduced to winged Pegasus and the trials of the Firebird, the Witch of Westray and stories of storms, the mysteries of the Northern Lights and unexplained UFOs. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTreasury of Folklore: Stars and Skies\u003c\/em\u003e is a fascinating portal into a rich history of myths surrounding the sky, an aspect of the natural world that continues to fascinate and confound.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Batsford Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48868780867927,"sku":"9781849947749","price":13.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781849947749.jpg?v=1722289678"},{"product_id":"astronomy-9780241620977","title":"Astronomy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Dorling Kindersley Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48883903562071,"sku":"9780241620977","price":21.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780241620977.jpg?v=1722529527"},{"product_id":"physics-of-neutron-stars-9781560721642","title":"Physics of Neutron Stars","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886314959191,"sku":"9781560721642","price":127.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781560721642.jpg?v=1722539591"},{"product_id":"dark-matter-new-research-9781594545498","title":"Dark Matter: New Research","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886523593047,"sku":"9781594545498","price":166.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"trends-in-pulsar-research-9781594545672","title":"Trends in Pulsar Research","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePulsars are stars, a significant part of whose observed energy output is not continuous but is emitted as distinct flashes or pulses of electromagnetic radiation. Many pulsars also emit some radiation weakly and constantly, forming a background for the more intensive pulses. Three distinct classes of pulsars are presently known to astronomers, according to the source of energy that powers the radiation: Rotation-powered pulsars, where the loss of rotational energy of the star powers the radiation X-ray pulsars, where the gravitational potential energy of accreted matter is the energy source, and Magnetars, where the decay of an extremely strong magnetic field powers the radiation. Although all three classes of objects are neutron stars, their observable behaviour and the underlying physics are quite different. There are, however, connections. For example, X-ray pulsars are probably old rotation-powered pulsars that have already lost most of their energy, and have only become visible again after their binary companions expanded and began transferring matter on to the neutron star. The process of accretion can in turn transfer enough angular momentum to the neutron star to \"recycle\" it as a rotation-powered millisecond pulsar.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886523920727,"sku":"9781594545672","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"black-holes-galaxy-formation-9781607417033","title":"Black Holes \u0026 Galaxy Formation","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGalaxies are the basic unit of cosmology. The study of galaxy formation is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning. The physics of galaxy formation is complicated because it deals with the dynamics of stars, thermodynamics of gas and energy production of stars. A black hole is a massive object whose gravitational field is so intense that it prevents any form of matter or radiation to escape. It is hypothesised that the most massive galaxies in the universe -- \"elliptical galaxies\" -- grow simultaneously with the supermassive black holes at their centres, giving us much stronger evidence that black holes control galaxy formation. This book reviews new evidence in the field.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886742647127,"sku":"9781607417033","price":185.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"galaxies-evolution-morphology-dynamics-9781620811856","title":"Galaxies: Evolution, Morphology \u0026 Dynamics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this book, the authors present current research in galactic study including its evolution, morphology and dynamics. Topics included in this compilation include the nature of motion in quiet and active galaxies with a satellite companion; empirical age-metallicity relation and empirical metallicity distribution of long-lived stars of different populations; radio quiet AGN properties vs. spin paradigm; and turbulent formation of protogalaxies at the end of the plasma epoch.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886945907031,"sku":"9781620811856","price":159.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781620811856.jpg?v=1722542298"},{"product_id":"origin-of-stars-the-9781860944895","title":"Origin Of Stars, The","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhere do stars come from and how do they form? These are profound questions which link the nature of our Universe to the roots of mankind. Yet, until a recent revolution in understanding, the proposed answers have been raw speculation. Now, accompanying penetrating observations, a new picture has come into prominence.This book presents the latest astounding observations and scientific ideas covering star formation, star birth and early development. It encompasses all aspects, from the dramatic stories of individual objects, to the collective influence of entire stellar systems.The very first stars to come into existence and the nurturing of planets are discussed to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview. Presenting background information with only the essential mathematics, this book will appeal to scientists wishing to expand their horizons, students seeking solid foundations, and general readers with enquiring minds.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"This book has a readable style ... it should be accessible to readers with a variety of scientific backgrounds, and to advanced undergraduates. It will be particularly useful as an introduction to the subject for first year research students in astrophysics. The book is recommended reading for anyone with an interest in the subject.\"Professor David WilliamsUniversity College London\"Overall, this is a good read, and as clear a picture of the field as his target readership is likely to get at the moment. I recommend it as ancillary reading in first- and second-year courses, or as an introduction for a junior-honours course.\"The Observatory Magazine\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Physics and Chemistry; The Clouds; Cloud Formation, Evolution and Destruction; Turbulence; The Collapse; The Magnetic Mediation; The Birth; The Young Stars; Jets and Outflows; Massive Stars; The Distributions; Cosmological Star Formation.","brand":"Imperial College Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48888194203991,"sku":"9781860944895","price":77.9,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781860944895.jpg?v=1791479097"},{"product_id":"black-hole-at-the-center-of-the-milky-way-the-9781860945670","title":"Black Hole At The Center Of The Milky Way, The","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReviewing the fundamental instrumental techniques and current observational results, this book unveils the mysteries of the physical processes in the central parsec of our Milky Way: the super-massive black hole embedded in a central stellar cluster as well as the gas and dust in the circumnuclear region.The observations described cover the entire electromagnetic spectrum from decimeter radio-waves to high energy X-ray and γ-rays, and a comprehensive summary of up-to-date astrophysical interpretations is given.The emphasis is put on observational techniques, image processing aspects, and a detailed presentation of the most cutting-edge work carried out in the near-infrared wavelength regime. These recent results include both the first orbits of stars around the central black hole and the multiwavelength variability of the central source.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e# Observational Techniques: # The GC Across the Electromagnetic Spectrum # NIR Imaging Through the Atmosphere # Speckle Imaging # Single Telescope Adaptive Optics # Cleaning and Deconvolution # Future IR Interferometry # Observational Results: # The Discovery of Sagittarius A* # Large-Scale Structures at the Galactic Center # The Circum Nuclear Disk # The Mini- Spiral # Radio Filaments # Near-Infrared Images of the Central Stellar Cluster # The Radio and Infrared Positional Reference Frames # Number Density Counts # Polarization of Filaments and Stars # Stellar Velocities and Orbital Accelerations # Spectroscopy # Star Formation at the Galactic Center? # Sgr A* Across the Electromagnetic Spectrum # Astrophysical Results: # The Stellar Velocity Field # Scenarios for Star Formation at the Galactic Center # The Central Dark Mass # Stability of the Enclosed Dark Mass # Agglomerations of Exotic Particles? # The Central Stellar Cusp # Analysis of Stellar Orbits Near the Central Black Hole # The Central Black Hole # Comparison to Nuclei of Other Galaxies # Massive Black Holes at High Redshifts","brand":"Imperial College Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48888194859351,"sku":"9781860945670","price":114.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781860945670.jpg?v=1791479100"},{"product_id":"methods-in-helio-and-asteroseismology-9781860947551","title":"Methods In Helio- And Asteroseismology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book discusses the methods used in helio- and asteroseismology for the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. It is the first comprehensive discussion of helioseismic and asteroseismic methodology, collecting techniques from over 300 research papers spread out over decades, with a critical discussion and inter-comparison. It enables the reader to follow the path of inference from the collection of the data at the telescope through to the understanding gained in terms of the modeling of solar and stellar physics and stellar evolution.By focusing on how results are obtained, rather than on the results themselves, this book provides the essential background needed to understand this field, which is rapidly advancing due to the availability of modern observing facilities both on the ground and in space. The material is accessible for advanced undergraduates and post-graduates, and provides an essential resource for researchers in the field.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGlobal Helioseismology: The Data; Global Helioseismology: Modeling; Global Helioseismology: Inverse Methods; Local Helioseismology; Asteroseismology; Appendices: Useful Vector Formulas; Explicit Forms of Vector Operations; Useful Constants.","brand":"Imperial College Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48888196104535,"sku":"9781860947551","price":100.7,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781860947551.jpg?v=1791479102"},{"product_id":"stars-9781906367817","title":"Stars","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhether stargazing with the naked eye or observing deep space with the largest telescopes in the world, humans have a seemingly neverending fascination with the stars. Our ancestors saw patterns in their random arrangement, inventing both tales of legendary heroes and the pastime of dot-to-dot in one fell swoop. But it's only in the last century or so that the natures of these distant lights have been revealed - and it's more incredible than any legend. How are stars born? How long do they live? And just how many times can you read the word 'trillion' before it starts sounding made up? Find out as astronomer Dr Greg Brown of Royal Observatory Greenwich takes a short diversion from obsessing over black holes to illuminate us about the lives of stars - ending in black holes, naturally.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction Our Sun: A Model Star? So a Failed Analogue? The Nuclear Furnace The Births of Stars The (Mostly Boring) Lives of Stars The (Mostly Exciting) Deaths of Stars Why Nothing in Science is Ever That Easy Glossary","brand":"National Maritime Museum","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48888401035607,"sku":"9781906367817","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781906367817.jpg?v=1722549204"},{"product_id":"from-quarks-to-black-holes-interviewing-the-universe-9789810246259","title":"From Quarks To Black Holes - Interviewing The","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book presents a series of delightful interviews in which natural objects such as an electron, a black hole, a galaxy, and even the vacuum itself, reveal their innermost secrets — not only what they are but also how they feel. A hydrogen atom tells us about quantum mechanics and why we live in a non-deterministic world; a black hole explains curved space and naked singularities; and a uranium atom talks of its life on a meteor, its tremendous collision with Earth, and properties of radioactivity — all while grappling with its own mortality. A neutron star gives a personal account of its creation and goes on to discuss quasars and other extraordinary astronomical objects, while an iron atom describes its birth in a remote supernova explosion and its series of adventures on Earth, from its early use in wrought iron processes to its time in a human body, and then to its latest misadventures.The book discusses many fundamental issues in physics and, at times, examines the philosophical and moral issues of society. For example, the interview with the quark reveals the nature of color gauge symmetry, which is interwoven with a discussion on truth and beauty, and shows how these concepts play an integral part in physics and nature, while the uranium atom expresses its horror of the development and use of the atomic bomb.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInterview with a Carbon Atom; Interview with an Electron; Interview with Jupiter; Interview with a Black Hole; Interview with a Uranium Atom; Interview with a Fermion and a Boson; Interview with a Star; Interview with a Wimp; Interview with a Comet; Interview with a Spiral Galaxy; Interview with a Neutrino; Interview with a Hydrogen Atom; Interview with a Neutron; Interview with a Quark; Interview with a Tachyon; Interview with a Quasar; Interview with Antimatter; Interview with Iron; Interview with a Muon; Interview with a Neutron Star; Interview with a String; Interview with Vacuum.","brand":"World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48890171326807,"sku":"9789810246259","price":40.85,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789810246259.jpg?v=1791483765"},{"product_id":"dark-matter-in-the-universe-4th-jerusalem-winter-school-for-theoretical-physics-lectures-9789812388407","title":"Dark Matter In The Universe - 4th Jerusalem","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIf standard gravitational theory is correct, then most of the matter in the universe is in an unidentified form which does not emit enough light to have been detected by current instrumentation. This book is the second editon of the lectures given at the 4th Jerusalem Winter School for Theoretical Physics, with new material added. The lectures are devoted to the “missing matter” problem in the universe, the search to understand dark matter. The goal of this volume is to make current research work on unseen matter accessible to students without prior experience in this area and to provide insights for experts in related research fields. Due to the pedagogical nature of the original lectures and the intense discussions between the lecturers and the students, the written lectures included in this volume often contain techniques and explanations not found in more formal journal publications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDark Matter in the Solar Vincinity: Dark Matter Near the Sun (J Bahcall); K-giants and the Total Amount of Matter Near the Sun (J Bahcall); Some Possible Regularities in Missing Mass (J Bahcall \u0026amp; S Casertano); Distribution of Dark Matter in the Spiral Galaxy NGC 3198 (T S van Albada et al.); I. Evolution of Globular Clusters and the Globular Cluster System, II. Positive Energy Perturbations in Cosmology (J P Ostriker \u0026amp; C Thompson); Dark Matter in Galaxies and Galaxy Systems (S Tremaine \u0026amp; H M Lee); Gravitational Lenses (R D Blandford \u0026amp; C S Kochanek); WIMPs in the Sun and in the Lab; An Introduction to Inflation; An Introduction to Cosmic Strings (W H Press \u0026amp; D N Spergel); A Departure from Newtonian Dynamics at Low Accelerations as an Explanation of the Mass Discrepancy in Galactic Systems (M Milgrom); Dark Energy (A Aguirre).","brand":"World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48890197737815,"sku":"9789812388407","price":114.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789812388407.jpg?v=1791484017"},{"product_id":"stardust-from-meteorites-an-introduction-to-presolar-grains-9789812560995","title":"Stardust From Meteorites: An Introduction To","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe study of presolar meteoritic grains is a new inter-disciplinary field that brings together topics from nuclear physics to astronomy and chemistry. Traditionally, most of the information about the cosmos has been gathered by observing light through telescopes. However, with the recent discovery that some dust grains extracted from primitive meteorites were produced in stellar environments, we now have the opportunity to gather information about stars and our Galaxy from the laboratory analysis of tiny pieces of stardust. Stellar grains represent a unique and fascinating subject of study. Their analysis is a breakthrough in research on stellar nucleosynthesis and the origin of the elements.While a number of specialized reviews exist on the topic, this book is the first work that brings together in a unified and accessible manner the background knowledge necessary for the study of presolar grains together with up-to-date discoveries in the field.The book includes exercise questions and answers, an extensive glossary for easy reference, and more than 40 figures and tables — from schematic diagrams to electron microscope images and graphs of results from stellar grain measurements and theoretical stellar models.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMeteoritic Presolar Grains and Their Significance; Basics of Stellar Nucleosynthesis; Laboratory Analysis of Presolar Grains; The Origin of Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains; Heavy Elements in Silicon Carbide Grains; Presolar Diamond, Graphite and Oxide Grains.","brand":"World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48890199376215,"sku":"9789812560995","price":65.55,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789812560995.jpg?v=1791484020"},{"product_id":"open-issues-in-core-collapse-supernova-theory-9789812563149","title":"Open Issues In Core Collapse Supernova Theory","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEfforts to uncover the explosion mechanism of core collapse supernovae and to understand all of their associated phenomena have been ongoing for nearly four decades. Despite this, our theoretical understanding of these cosmic events remains limited; two- and three-dimensional modeling of these events is in its infancy. Most of the modeling efforts over the past four decades have, by necessity, been constrained to spherical symmetry, with the first two-dimensional, albeit simplified, models appearing only during the last decade. Simulations to understand the complex interplay between the turbulent stellar core fluid flow, its magnetic fields, the neutrinos produced in and emanating from the proto-neutron star, the stellar core rotation, and the strong gravitational fields have yet to be performed. Only subsets of these fundamental ingredients have been included in the models thus far, often with approximation.The purpose of this volume is to identify the outstanding issues that remain in order to come to a complete understanding of these important astrophysical events. As the book focuses on open issues rather than the current state of the art in the field — although the latter will certainly be discussed — it will remain relevant for some time.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e# Fundamental Issues in Radiation Magnetohydrodynamics # The Core Collapse Supernova Mechanism # Neutrino Mixing # Neutrino Interactions # The Equation of State # Nucleosynthesis and Light Curves","brand":"World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48890200260951,"sku":"9789812563149","price":206.15,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789812563149.jpg?v=1791484024"},{"product_id":"galaxies-a-very-short-introduction-very-short-introductions-9780199234349","title":"Galaxies A Very Short Introduction Very Short","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGalaxies are the building blocks of the Universe: standing like islands in space, each is made up of many hundreds of millions of stars in which the chemical elements are made, around which planets form, and where on at least one of those planets intelligent life has emerged. Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, is just one of several hundred million other galaxies that we can now observe through our telescopes. Yet it was only in the 1920s that we realised that there is more to the Universe than the Milky Way, and that there were in fact other ''islands'' out there. In many ways, modern astronomy began with this discovery, and the story of galaxies is therefore the story of modern astronomy. Since then, many exciting discoveries have been made about our own galaxy and about those beyond: how a supermassive black hole lurks at the centre of every galaxy, for example, how enormous forces are released when galaxies collide, how distant galaxies provide a window on the early Universe, and what the formation of young galaxies can tell us about the mysteries of Cold Dark Matter. In this Very Short Introduction, renowned science writer John Gribbin describes the extraordinary things that astronomers are learning about galaxies, and explains how this can shed light on the origins and structure of the Universe.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. A Very Short Introduction ; 2. The Great Debate ; 3. Our Island ; 4. The Expanding Universe ; 5. Across the Universe ; 6. The Origin of Galaxies ; 7. The Universe at Large ; References \u0026amp; Further Reading ; Index","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49083405140311,"sku":"9780199234349","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199234349.jpg?v=1791454581"},{"product_id":"stars-and-stellar-processes-9781107197886","title":"Stars and Stellar Processes","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis textbook offers a modern approach to the physics of stars, assuming only undergraduate-level preparation in mathematics and physics, and minimal prior knowledge of astronomy. It starts with a concise review of introductory concepts in astronomy, before covering the nuclear processes and energy transport in stellar interiors, and stellar evolution from star formation to the common stellar endpoints as white dwarfs and neutron stars. In addition to the standard material, the author also discusses more contemporary topics that students will find engaging, such as neutrino oscillations and the MSW resonance, supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, advanced nucleosynthesis, neutron stars, black holes, cosmology, and gravitational waves. With hundreds of worked examples, explanatory boxes, and problems with solutions, this textbook provides a solid foundation for learning either in a classroom setting or through self-study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'This is a long-sought after textbook that I very much look forward to owning myself, and using for upper level undergraduate courses as well as in preparing lectures for graduate courses. The author's attention to detail-with-clarity begins in Chapter 1, and continues throughout the text. Most enjoyable are the new modern versions of several classic figures in the field.' Lynne Hillenbrand, California Institute of Technology\u003cbr\u003e'A very comprehensive textbook on stellar physics with plenty of up-to-date topics. The only book needed for an advanced undergraduate level stellar physics course.' Stephen Chi-Yung Ng, University of Hong Kong\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart I. Stellar Structure: 1. Some properties of stars; 2. The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram; 3. Stellar equations of state; 4. Hydrostatic and thermal equilibrium; 5. Thermonuclear reactions in stars; 6. Stellar burning processes; 7. Energy transport in stars; 8. Summary of stellar equations; Part II. Stellar Evolution: 9. The formation of stars; 10. Life and times on the main sequence; 11. Flavor oscillations of solar neutrinos; 12. Solar neutrinos and the MSW effect; 13. Evolution of lower-mass stars; 14. Evolution of higher-mass stars; 15. Stellar pulsations and variability; 16. White dwarfs and neutron stars; 17. Black holes; Part III. Accretion, Mergers, and Explosions: 18. Accreting binary systems; 19. Nova explosions and X-ray bursts; 20. Supernovae; 21. Gamma-ray bursts; 22. Gravitational waves and stellar evolution; Appendix A: constants; Appendix B: numeral units; Appendix C: mean molecular weights; Appendix D: reaction libraries; Appendix E: a mixing-length model; Appendix F: quantum mechanics; Appendix G: using arXiv and ADS; References; Index.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49083821523287,"sku":"9781107197886","price":58.89,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781107197886.jpg?v=1725550124"},{"product_id":"an-introduction-to-the-sun-and-stars-9781107492639","title":"An Introduction to the Sun and Stars","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCompiled by a team of experts, this textbook introduces the properties and evolution of the most immediately visible objects in the Universe stars. Designed for elementary university courses in astronomy and astrophysics, it starts with a detailed discussion of our nearest star, the Sun, and describes how solar physicists have come to understand its internal workings. It then considers how we study the basic physical properties and life-cycles of more distant stars, culminating with a discussion of more ''exotic'' objects, such as neutron stars and black holes. This second edition has a greater emphasis on the physical and spectral properties of stars, introducing stellar atmospheres, spectral line formation and the role of binary stars in the formation of compact objects. Avoiding complex mathematics, and generously illustrated in colour throughout, this accessible text is ideal for self-study and will appeal to both amateur astronomers and undergraduate students.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'An Introduction to the Sun and Stars is a real find for those of us who had previously despaired of finding a way to introduce the magic of 'mere stars' to readers already aware of apparently more exotic phenomena in the Universe. The illustrations are the best I have seen in this level of textbook and have clearly been carefully selected to bring alive the most exciting new discoveries. The accompanying text puts these discoveries in a solid context and explains the associated physics in simple but effective terms. This book will certainly appear on my recommended reading list for introductory astronomy.' Annelia Sargent, California Institute of Technology\u003cbr\u003eReview of previous edition: 'This up-to-the-minute treatment of the universe of stars is the most enjoyable and informative book at this level that I have read. It combines clear physical arguments with excellent illustrations and diagrams, and keen readers can enhance their depth of understanding through the copious worked examples. Spread throughout, the 'biography boxes' give a refreshing human perspective to the science. Good for coffee table or lecture course!' Peter Brand, University of Edinburgh\u003cbr\u003e'Very little prior knowledge is assumed, with necessary physics being introduced in 'boxes' as required, and no calculus; however, the authors integrate the mathematics that they do use into the main text, leaving the reader in no doubt that the maths is essential to the subject – a refreshing change from many American freshman texts. … lavishly illustrated in colour … a book that students will both enjoy and learn from!' Susan Cartwright, The Observatory\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction; 1. Seeing the Sun; 2. The working Sun; 3. Measuring stars; 4. Comparing stars; 5. The formation of stars; 6. The main sequence life of stars; 7. The life of stars beyond the main sequence; 8. The death of stars; 9. The remnants of stars; Conclusion; Answers and comments; Appendices; Glossary; Further reading; Acknowledgements; Figure references; Index.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49083822604631,"sku":"9781107492639","price":52.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"foundations-of-astrophysics-9781108831956","title":"Foundations of Astrophysics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFoundations of Astrophysics provides a contemporary and complete introduction to astrophysics for astronomy and physics majors. With a logical presentation and conceptual and quantitative end-of-chapter problems, the material is accessible to introductory astrophysics students taking a two-semester survey course.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface; 1. Early astronomy; 2. Emergence of modern astronomy; 3. Orbital mechanics; 4. The Earth–Moon system; 5. Interaction of radiation and matter; 6. Astronomical detection of light; 7. The Sun; 8. Overview of the solar system; 9. Earth and Moon; 10. The planets; 11. Small bodies in the solar system; 12. The solar system in perspective; 13. Properties of stars; 14. Stellar atmospheres; 15. Stellar interiors; 16. The interstellar medium; 17. Formation and evolution of stars; 18. Stellar remnants; 19. Our galaxy; 20. Galaxies; 21. Active galaxies; 22. Clusters and superclusters; 23. Cosmology; 24. History of the universe.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49083835384151,"sku":"9781108831956","price":56.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781108831956.jpg?v=1725550169"}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/collections\/galaxies-and-stars.oembed?page=5","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}