{"title":"Energy, power generation, distribution and storage Books","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"the-hydrogen-revolution-a-blueprint-for-the-future-of-clean-energy-9781529360318","title":"The Hydrogen Revolution: a blueprint for the","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA \u003ci\u003eFinancial Times\u003c\/i\u003e BOOK OF THE YEAR 2021\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'Engaging, authoritative and very timely. Marco Alverà spells Hydrogen's critical role as an energy store in the clean power transition' - \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eMike Berners-Lee, author of THERE IS NO PLANET B\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePicture this: the looming shadow of climate change is finally receding. The planet's temperature is stabilising. Rainforests and coral reefs are beginning to thrive once more.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis isn't just wishful thinking - it can be our reality if we embrace the power of hydrogen. Hydrogen is simple to harness, simple to use, and has the potential to bring clean energy to every corner of the globe. As leading energy expert Marco Alverà explains, if we're going to heal the climate, we need to start thinking big. So whether you're a policy-maker, a business person, an activist, or just simply curious, this book is a blueprint for how to get us there.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e  'An important contribution to advance the energy transition'\u003cbr\u003e  Mark Carney\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  'A comprehensive and comprehensible vision for hydrogen from a top business leader'\u003cbr\u003e  Jonathan Stern, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e[This] lively book is an \u003cb\u003eengaging guide\u003c\/b\u003e to a fuel that could go mainstream faster than expected. * Financial Times, FT BOOKS OF THE YEAR *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eEngaging, authoritative and very timely\u003c\/b\u003e. Marco Alverà spells Hydrogen's critical role as an energy store in the clean power transition, and who can do what right now to kick it over the line -- Mike Berners-Lee, author of THERE IS NO PLANET B\u003cbr\u003eNo one company can solve the challenge of climate change. We share responsibility, not just across our direct emissions, but across our supply chain too.  We must take responsibility for the carbon footprint of our own technology and company, but we will also go beyond that. In his new book, Marco Alverà offers a \u003cb\u003eclear and compelling vision\u003c\/b\u003e and a blueprint to ensure its success. -- Satya Nadella, Chairman and CEO, Microsoft\u003cbr\u003eTo achieve the climate goals from the Paris Agreement, we need a wholesale transformation of our energy system. \u003cb\u003eThis book sets out compellingly the role that Hydrogen plays\u003c\/b\u003e in this transformation and is an important contribution to advance the energy transition. -- Mark Carney\u003cbr\u003eAn \u003cb\u003eengaging and insightful overview of the tiny molecule that could revolutionise climate action\u003c\/b\u003e. Like hydrogen itself, Marco Alverà is\u003cb\u003e a superb connector - of ideas\u003c\/b\u003e, approaches and practical, positive solutions. -- Dr Gabrielle Walker\u003cbr\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eThe Hydrogen Revolution\u003c\/i\u003e Marco has written \u003cb\u003ean invaluable explainer on hydrogen\u003c\/b\u003e - a key to us achieving net zero. But perhaps more importantly \u003cb\u003ethe book is an urgent rallying call for action\u003c\/b\u003e, a call policy-makers across the globe need to heed. -- Peter Mandelson\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs the challenges of the energy transition become more apparent, hydrogen is coming to be seen not only  as a new entrant but also an essential fuel for the decades ahead. Marco Alvera, a leader in the international energy industry, explains how he went from being a hydrogen skeptic to seeing the big role that hydrogen can play in the future. And more than that - a hydrogen revolution is coming, he predicts, and sooner than many expect!\u003c\/p\u003e -- Daniel Yergin, Pulitzer Prize winning author of THE PRIZE\u003cbr\u003eThis book presents\u003cb\u003e a vision for the future based on hydrogen\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eand renewables that is clear, grounded and hopeful\u003c\/b\u003e. It also provides crucial tools and information to fully understand the forces shaping the energy transition - and get involved. -- Francesco La Camera, Director General of IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency)\u003cbr\u003eThis book offers \u003cb\u003eclear and thought-provoking\u003c\/b\u003e ideas about the future of hydrogen. It can help inform the conversation on how to enable hydrogen to play an important role in global clean energy transitions. -- Dr Fatih Birol, IEA Executive Director\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eA comprehensive and comprehensible vision\u003c\/b\u003e for hydrogen from a top business leader. -- Jonathan Stern, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies\u003cbr\u003eMarco Alverà paints a \u003cb\u003evibrant and achievable\u003c\/b\u003e vision for green hydrogen's role in the transition towards a sustainable global energy system. -- Jules Kortenhorst, CEO of RMI\u003cbr\u003eA comprehensive and up to date piece of work on the compelling reality and value proposition of green hydrogen to decarbonize the hard to abate sectors, presented in an engaging, easy to read and assimilated style;\u003cb\u003e a must read for all\u003c\/b\u003e. -- Paddy Padmanathan, CEO of ACWA Power\u003cbr\u003eIn this \u003cb\u003eexcellently-written and engaging \u003c\/b\u003ebook, Marco Alverà sets out an attractive vision for a hydrogen-fuelled future. -- Myles Allen, Director of Oxford Net Zero.\u003cbr\u003eHydrogen will undoubtedly play a crucial role in tomorrow's zero carbon economy and few people have thought more deeply about that role than Marco Alverà. In this \u003cb\u003einsightful and powerfully argued book\u003c\/b\u003e he sets out not only the feasible and attractive vision of an economy dominated by electricity and hydrogen, but the practical steps we must now take to speed progress towards that end. -- Lord Adair Turner, Chair of the Energy Transitions Commission\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe hydrogen revolution is coming\u003c\/b\u003e, and this book paves the way to achieving it. \u003cb\u003ePowerful, pragmatic and compelling\u003c\/b\u003e, Marco sets out with clarity the critical role of hydrogen alongside renewable electricity to reach net-zero objectives. -- Lei Zhang, Founder and CEO of Envision\u003cbr\u003eMarco Alverà's new book is a rare thing - a t\u003cb\u003ehoughtful and deliberate\u003c\/b\u003e manifesto to galvanize investment and public support for an essential element of the zero-carbon energy future and a pathway to stronger global partnerships. The book is \u003cb\u003ean instant classic\u003c\/b\u003e - breezy, fun, personal and easy to read, the book presents vivid and actionable choices to all readers. Alverà skilfully makes some very complex parts of the energy system easy to understand - a marvel in our jargon-strewn field. \u003cb\u003eStop reading this note already and read the book!\u003c\/b\u003e -- Dr Julio Friedmann * Columbia University, SIPA Center on Global Energy Policy *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eA clear articulation of how hydrogen can help save the planet. I was skeptical about hydrogen's potential, but this book changed my mind. \u003ci\u003eThe Hydrogen \u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eRevolution\u003c\/i\u003e is \u003cb\u003ean essential read for every climate-conscious individual\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e -- Charles Edgar Haldeman, former Chairman of S\u0026amp;P Global\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is \u003cb\u003ean excellent contribution to the current and essential debate on the energy revolution\u003c\/b\u003e with a very powerful argument in favour of hydrogen, which will certainly be part of the solution to the global response to climate change.\u003c\/p\u003e -- José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission, 2004\/2014\u003cbr\u003eCompelling stuff and a must-read for armchair eco-warriors everywhere * The Swansea Bay *","brand":"Hodder \u0026 Stoughton","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47851539595607,"sku":"9781529360318","price":9.89,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781529360318.jpg?v=1710638661"},{"product_id":"power-grid-resilience-against-natural-disasters-9781119801474","title":"Power Grid Resilience against Natural Disasters","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePOWER GRID RESILIENCE AGAINST NATURAL DISASTERS\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow to protect our power grids in the face of extreme weather events\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe field of structural and operational resilience of power systems, particularly against natural disasters, is of obvious importance in light of climate change and the accompanying increase in hurricanes, wildfires, tornados, frigid temperatures, and more. Addressing these vulnerabilities in service is a matter of increasing diligence for the electric power industry, and as such, targeted studies and advanced technologies are being developed to help address these issues generallywhether they be from the threat of cyber-attacks or of natural disasters. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePower Grid Resilience against Natural Disasters\u003c\/i\u003e provides, for the first time, a comprehensive and systematic introduction to resilience-enhancing planning and operation strategies of power grids against extreme events. It addresses, in detail, the three necessary steps to ensure power grid suc\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout the Authors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePart I Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Power Grid and Natural Disasters 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Power Grid Resilience 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Definitions 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Importance and Benefits 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2.1 Dealing withWeather-Related Disastrous Events 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2.2 Facilitating the Integration of Renewable Energy Sources 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2.3 Dealing with Cybersecurity-Related Events 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Challenges 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Resilience Enhancement Against Disasters 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Preparedness Prior to Disasters 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1.1 Component-Level Resilience Enhancement 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1.2 System-Level Resilience Enhancement 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Response as Disasters Unfold 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2.1 System State Acquisition 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2.2 Controlled Separation 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Recovery After Disasters 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.1 Conventional Recovery Process 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.2 Microgrids for Electric Service Recovery 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.3 Distribution Grid Topology Reconfiguration 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Coordination and Co-Optimization 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Focus of This Book 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Summary 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrim Size: 152mm x 229mm Single Column Lei801474 ftoc.tex V1 - 10\/31\/2022 4:04pm Page viii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1] [1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eviii Contents\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePart II Preparedness Prior to a Natural Disaster 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 Preventive Maintenance to Enhance Grid Reliability 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Component- and System-Level Deterioration Model 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Component-Level Deterioration Transition Probability 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 System-Level Deterioration Transition Probability 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Mathematical Model without Harsh External Conditions 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Preventive Maintenance in Consideration of Disasters 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Potential Disasters Influencing Preventive Maintenance 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Preventive Maintenance Model with Disasters Influences 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.1 Probabilistic Model of Repair Delays Caused By Harsh External\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConditions 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.2 Activity Vectors Corresponding to Repair Delays 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.3 Expected Cost 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Solution Algorithms 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Backward Induction 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Search Space Reduction Method 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Case Studies 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Data Description 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Case I: Verification of the Proposed Model 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.1 Verifying the Model Using Monte Carlo Simulations 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.2 Selection of Optimal Maintenance Activities 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.3 Influences of Harsh External Conditions on Maintenance 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Case II: Results Simulating the Zhejiang Electric Power Grid 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Summary and Conclusions 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 Preallocating Emergency Resources to Enhance Grid\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurvivability 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Emergency Resources of Grids against Disasters 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Mobile Emergency Generators and Grid Survivability 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Microgrid Formation 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Preallocation and Real-Time Allocation 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Coordination with Conventional Restoration Procedures 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Preallocation Optimization of Mobile Emergency Generators 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 A Two-Stage Stochastic Optimization Model 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Availability of Mobile Emergency Generators 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Connection of Mobile Emergency Generators 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Coordination of Multiple Flexibility in Microgrids 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrim Size: 152mm x 229mm Single Column Lei801474 ftoc.tex V1 - 10\/31\/2022 4:04pm Page ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1] [1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContents ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Solution Algorithms 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Scenario Generation and Reduction 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Dijkstra’s Shortest-Path Algorithm 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Scenario Decomposition Algorithm 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Case Studies 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Test System Introduction 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Demonstration of the Proposed Dispatch Method 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Capacity Utilization Rate 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Importance of Considering Traffic Issue and Preallocation 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.5 Computational Efficiency 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Summary and Conclusions 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 Grid Automation Enabling Prompt Restoration 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Smart Grid and Automation Systems 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Distribution System Automation and Restoration 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Prompt Restoration with Remote-Controlled Switches 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Remote-Controlled Switch Allocation Models 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Minimizing Customer Interruption Cost 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Minimizing System Average Interruption Duration Index 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Maximizing System Restoration Capability 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Solution Method 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Practical Candidate Restoration Strategies 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Model Transformation 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Linearization and Simplification Techniques 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Overall Solution Process 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Case Studies 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Illustration on a Small Test System 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.1 Results of the CIC-oriented Model 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.2 Results of the SAIDI-oriented Model 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.3 Results of the RL-oriented Model 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.4 Comparisons 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Results on a Large Test System 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Impacts of Remote-Controlled Switch Malfunction 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Consideration of Distributed Generations 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Summary and Conclusions 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature of RCS-Restoration Models 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature of RCS Allocation Models 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrim Size: 152mm x 229mm Single Column Lei801474 ftoc.tex V1 - 10\/31\/2022 4:04pm Page x\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1] [1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ex Contents\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePart III Response as a Natural Disaster Unfolds 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 Security Region-Based Operational Point Analysis for\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResilience Enhancement 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Resilience-Oriented Operational Strategies 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Security Region during an Unfolding Disaster 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Sequential Security Region 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Uncertain Varying System Topology Changes 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Operational Point Analysis Resilience Enhancement 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Sequential Security Region 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Sequential Security Region with Uncertain Varying Topology\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Mapping System Topology Changes 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Bilevel Optimization Model 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Solution Process 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Case Studies 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Summary and Conclusions 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 Proactive Resilience Enhancement Strategy for Transmission\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystems 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Proactive Strategy Against ExtremeWeather Events 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 System States Caused by Unfolding Disasters 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Component Failure Rate 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 System States on Disasters’ Trajectories 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Transition Probabilities Between Different System States 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Sequentially Proactive Operation Strategy 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Sequential Decision Processes 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Sequentially Proactive Operation Strategy Constraints 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Linear Scalarization of the Model 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Case Studies 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4.1 IEEE 30-Bus System 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4.2 A Practical Power Grid System 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Summary and Conclusions 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 Markov Decision Process-Based Resilience Enhancement for\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution Systems 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Real-Time Response Against Unfolding Disasters 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Disasters’ Influences on Distribution Systems 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrim Size: 152mm x 229mm Single Column Lei801474 ftoc.tex V1 - 10\/31\/2022 4:04pm Page xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1] [1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContents xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Markov States on Disasters’ Trajectories 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Transition Probability Between Markov States 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Markov Decision Processes-Based Optimization Model 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Markov Decision Processes-based Recursive Model 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Operational Constraints 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.1 Radiality Constraint 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.2 Repair Constraint 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.3 Power Flow Constraint 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.4 Power Balance Constraint 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.5 Line Capacity Constraint 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.6 Voltage Constraint 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Solution Algorithms – Approximate Dynamic Programming 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Solution Challenges 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Post-decision States 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Forward Dynamic Algorithm 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Proposed Model Reformulation 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5 Iteration Process 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Case Studies 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 IEEE 33-Bus System 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1.1 Data Description 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1.2 Estimated Values of Post-Decision States 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1.3 Dispatch Strategies with Estimated Values of Post-Decision States 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 IEEE 123-Bus System 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2.1 Data Description 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2.2 Simulated Results 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Summary and Conclusions 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePart IV Recovery After a Natural Disaster 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 Microgrids with Flexible Boundaries for Service\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestoration 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Using Microgrids in Service Restoration 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Dynamically Formed Microgrids 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Flexible Boundaries in Microgrid Formation Optimization 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Radiality Constraints and Topological Flexibility 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Mathematical Formulation of Radiality Constraints 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Loop-Eliminating Model 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Path-Based Model 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrim Size: 152mm x 229mm Single Column Lei801474 ftoc.tex V1 - 10\/31\/2022 4:04pm Page xii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1] [1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003exii Contents\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Single-Commodity Flow-Based Model 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Parent–Child Node Relation-Based Model 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Primal and Dual Graph-Based Model 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.6 Spanning Forest-Based Model 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Adaptive Microgrid Formation for Service Restoration 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Formulation and Validity 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Tightness and Compactness 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Applicability and Application 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Case Studies 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Illustration on a Small Test System 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Results on a Large Test System 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 LinDistFlow Model Accuracy 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Summary and Conclusions 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.A.1 Proof of Theorem 8.1 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.A.2 Proof of Proposition 8.1 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature of Spanning Tree Constraints 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature of MG Formation Model 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 Microgrids with Mobile Power Sources for Service\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestoration 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Grid Survivability and Recovery with Mobile Power Sources 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Routing and Scheduling Mobile Power Sources in Microgrids 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Mobile Power Sources and Supporting Facilities 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Availability 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Grid-Forming Functions 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Cost-Effectiveness 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 A Two-Stage Dispatch Framework 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Proactive Pre-Dispatch 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Dynamic Routing and Scheduling 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Solution Method 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Column-and-Constraint Generation Algorithm 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Linearization Techniques 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Case Studies 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Illustration on a Small Test System 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1.1 Results of MPS Proactive Pre-positioning 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1.2 Results of MPS Dynamic Dispatch 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Results on a Large Test System 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Summary and Conclusions 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrim Size: 152mm x 229mm Single Column Lei801474 ftoc.tex V1 - 10\/31\/2022 4:04pm Page xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1] [1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e[1]\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContents xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 Co-Optimization of Grid Flexibilities in Recovery\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogistics 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Post-Disaster Recovery Logistics of Grids 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Power Infrastructure Recovery 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Microgrid-Based Service Restoration 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 A Co-Optimization Approach 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Flexibility Resources in Grid Recovery Logistics 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Routing and Scheduling of Repair Crews 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Routing and Scheduling of Mobile Power Sources 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Grid Reconfiguration and Operation 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Co-Optimization of Flexibility Resources 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Solution Method 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Pre-assigning Minimal Repair Tasks 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Selecting Candidate Nodes to Connect Mobile Power Sources 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Linearization Techniques 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Case Studies 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Illustration on a Small Test System 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Results on a Large Test System 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Computational Efficiency 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.4 LinDistFlow Model Accuracy 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Summary and Conclusions 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.A.1 Proof of Proposition 10.1 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 301\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738367799639,"sku":"9781119801474","price":99.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119801474.jpg?v=1723811983"},{"product_id":"the-hydrogen-revolution-a-blueprint-for-the-future-of-clean-energy-9781529360271","title":"The Hydrogen Revolution: a blueprint for the","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA \u003ci\u003eFinancial Times\u003c\/i\u003e BEST BOOKS OF 2021\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'Engaging, authoritative and very timely. Marco Alverà spells Hydrogen's critical role as an energy store in the clean power transition' - \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eMike Berners-Lee, author of THERE IS NO PLANET B\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePicture this: It's 2050. The looming shadow of climate change is finally receding. The planet's temperature is stabilising. Rainforests and coral reefs beginning to thrive once more. We are returning to equilibrium with nature. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis isn't wishful thinking; it can be our reality. We just need to embrace hydrogen: the missing link.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe beauty of hydrogen is its simplicity. It's simple to make, and simple to use. You are essentially bottling sunlight from renewable energy sources in the form of hydrogen, and using it to bring clean energy to every corner of the globe. The best part about hydrogen is that when you use it, the only by-product is water.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs energy expert Marco Alverà explains, if we're going to heal the climate, we need to start thinking big. This book is the blueprint for how to get us there. Whether you are a policy maker, a business person, an activist, or simply curious, the message is this: there is hope, for us and our planet. Hydrogen can help save the world.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e[This] lively book is an \u003cb\u003eengaging guide\u003c\/b\u003e to a fuel that could go mainstream faster than expected. * Financial Times, FT BOOKS OF THE YEAR *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eEngaging, authoritative and very timely\u003c\/b\u003e. Marco Alverà spells Hydrogen's critical role as an energy store in the clean power transition, and who can do what right now to kick it over the line -- Mike Berners-Lee, author of THERE IS NO PLANET B\u003cbr\u003eNo one company can solve the challenge of climate change. We share responsibility, not just across our direct emissions, but across our supply chain too.  We must take responsibility for the carbon footprint of our own technology and company, but we will also go beyond that. In his new book, Marco Alverà offers a \u003cb\u003eclear and compelling vision\u003c\/b\u003e and a blueprint to ensure its success. -- Satya Nadella, Chairman and CEO, Microsoft\u003cbr\u003eTo achieve the climate goals from the Paris Agreement, we need a wholesale transformation of our energy system. \u003cb\u003eThis book sets out compellingly the role that Hydrogen plays\u003c\/b\u003e in this transformation and is an important contribution to advance the energy transition. -- Mark Carney\u003cbr\u003eAn \u003cb\u003eengaging and insightful overview of the tiny molecule that could revolutionise climate action\u003c\/b\u003e. Like hydrogen itself, Marco Alverà is\u003cb\u003e a superb connector - of ideas\u003c\/b\u003e, approaches and practical, positive solutions. -- Dr Gabrielle Walker\u003cbr\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eThe Hydrogen Revolution\u003c\/i\u003e Marco has written \u003cb\u003ean invaluable explainer on hydrogen\u003c\/b\u003e - a key to us achieving net zero. But perhaps more importantly \u003cb\u003ethe book is an urgent rallying call for action\u003c\/b\u003e, a call policy-makers across the globe need to heed. -- Peter Mandelson\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs the challenges of the energy transition become more apparent, hydrogen is coming to be seen not only  as a new entrant but also an essential fuel for the decades ahead. Marco Alvera, a leader in the international energy industry, explains how he went from being a hydrogen skeptic to seeing the big role that hydrogen can play in the future. And more than that - a hydrogen revolution is coming, he predicts, and sooner than many expect!\u003c\/p\u003e -- Daniel Yergin, Pulitzer Prize winning author of THE PRIZE\u003cbr\u003eThis book presents\u003cb\u003e a vision for the future based on hydrogen\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eand renewables that is clear, grounded and hopeful\u003c\/b\u003e. It also provides crucial tools and information to fully understand the forces shaping the energy transition - and get involved. -- Francesco La Camera, Director General of IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency)\u003cbr\u003eThis book offers \u003cb\u003eclear and thought-provoking\u003c\/b\u003e ideas about the future of hydrogen. It can help inform the conversation on how to enable hydrogen to play an important role in global clean energy transitions. -- Dr Fatih Birol, IEA Executive Director\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eA comprehensive and comprehensible vision\u003c\/b\u003e for hydrogen from a top business leader. -- Jonathan Stern, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies\u003cbr\u003eMarco Alverà paints a \u003cb\u003evibrant and achievable\u003c\/b\u003e vision for green hydrogen's role in the transition towards a sustainable global energy system. -- Jules Kortenhorst, CEO of RMI\u003cbr\u003eA comprehensive and up to date piece of work on the compelling reality and value proposition of green hydrogen to decarbonize the hard to abate sectors, presented in an engaging, easy to read and assimilated style;\u003cb\u003e a must read for all\u003c\/b\u003e. -- Paddy Padmanathan, CEO of ACWA Power\u003cbr\u003eIn this \u003cb\u003eexcellently-written and engaging \u003c\/b\u003ebook, Marco Alverà sets out an attractive vision for a hydrogen-fuelled future. -- Myles Allen, Director of Oxford Net Zero.\u003cbr\u003eHydrogen will undoubtedly play a crucial role in tomorrow's zero carbon economy and few people have thought more deeply about that role than Marco Alverà. In this \u003cb\u003einsightful and powerfully argued book\u003c\/b\u003e he sets out not only the feasible and attractive vision of an economy dominated by electricity and hydrogen, but the practical steps we must now take to speed progress towards that end. -- Lord Adair Turner, Chair of the Energy Transitions Commission\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe hydrogen revolution is coming\u003c\/b\u003e, and this book paves the way to achieving it. \u003cb\u003ePowerful, pragmatic and compelling\u003c\/b\u003e, Marco sets out with clarity the critical role of hydrogen alongside renewable electricity to reach net-zero objectives. -- Lei Zhang, Founder and CEO of Envision\u003cbr\u003eMarco Alverà's new book is a rare thing - a t\u003cb\u003ehoughtful and deliberate\u003c\/b\u003e manifesto to galvanize investment and public support for an essential element of the zero-carbon energy future and a pathway to stronger global partnerships. The book is \u003cb\u003ean instant classic\u003c\/b\u003e - breezy, fun, personal and easy to read, the book presents vivid and actionable choices to all readers. Alverà skilfully makes some very complex parts of the energy system easy to understand - a marvel in our jargon-strewn field. \u003cb\u003eStop reading this note already and read the book!\u003c\/b\u003e -- Dr Julio Friedmann * Columbia University, SIPA Center on Global Energy Policy *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eA clear articulation of how hydrogen can help save the planet. I was skeptical about hydrogen's potential, but this book changed my mind. \u003ci\u003eThe Hydrogen \u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eRevolution\u003c\/i\u003e is \u003cb\u003ean essential read for every climate-conscious individual\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e -- Charles Edgar Haldeman, former Chairman of S\u0026amp;P Global\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is \u003cb\u003ean excellent contribution to the current and essential debate on the energy revolution\u003c\/b\u003e with a very powerful argument in favour of hydrogen, which will certainly be part of the solution to the global response to climate change.\u003c\/p\u003e -- José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission, 2004\/2014\u003cbr\u003eCompelling stuff and a must-read for armchair eco-warriors everywhere * The Swansea Bay *","brand":"Hodder \u0026 Stoughton","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48740217061719,"sku":"9781529360271","price":18.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781529360271.jpg?v=1720054159"},{"product_id":"li-ion-batteries-and-applications-volume-1-batteries-9781630817671","title":"Li-Ion Batteries and Applications, Volume 1:","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis comprehensive, two-volume resource provides a thorough introduction to lithium ion (Li-ion) technology. Readers get a hands-on understanding of Li-ion technology, are guided through the design and assembly of a battery, through deployment, configuration and testing. The book covers dozens of applications, with solutions for each application provided.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVolume One focuses on the Li-ion cell and its types, formats, and chemistries. Cell arrangements and issues, including series (balance) and parallel (fusing, inrush current) are also discussed. Li-ion Battery Management Systems are explored, focusing on types and topologies, functions, and selection. Battery design, assembly, deployment, troubleshooting and repair are also discussed, along with modular batteries, split batteries and battery arrays. Written by a prominent expert in the field and packed with over 500 illustrations, these volumes contain solutions to practical problems, making it useful for both the novice and experienced practitioners.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eFundamental concepts; Li-ion cell; Cell arrangement; Li-ion BMS; Battery design; Modules \u0026amp; arrays; Assembly; Dysfunctions; Appendix.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Artech House Publishers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48740697407831,"sku":"9781630817671","price":124.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781630817671.jpg?v=1720055382"},{"product_id":"electrolytes-interfaces-and-interphases-fundamentals-and-applications-in-batteries-9781839163104","title":"Electrolytes, Interfaces and Interphases:","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eElectrolytes are indispensable components in electrochemistry and the fast-growing electrochemical energy storage markets. Research in electrolytes has witnessed exponential growth in recent years, accompanied by their applications in the most popular electrochemical cell ever invented, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In myriads of LIBs, electrolytes and their interphases determine how high the voltage of a battery is, how many times it can be charged\/discharged, or how rapid the energy stored therein could be released. The conquest of further technical challenges around safety, life and cost-effectiveness of lithium-based or beyond-lithium batteries requires in-depth understanding of electrolytes and interphases. This will be the authoritative textbook for those entering the field. Chapters will establish the fundamental principles for the field, before moving onto important knowledge acquired in recent years. There will be special emphasis on linking these fundamentals to real-world problems encountered in devices, especially lithium-ion batteries. The book will be suitable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in electrochemical energy storage, electrochemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as researchers new to the subject.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhat is an Electrolyte?;Modern Electrolytes;In Bulk Electrolytes: Ionics;Quantification of Ion–Ion Interaction: Debye-Hückel Theory;Ion Transport in Electrolytes; When Electrolyte Meets Electrodes: Interface;Linking Ionics with Electrodics;When Electrode Operates Beyond Electrolyte Stability Limits: Interphase;Electrochemical Devices;Lithium-metal, Lithium-ion and Other Batteries;Phase Diagrams of Liquid Electrolytes;Ion Solvation;Static Stability of Electrolytes;Ion Transport;Interfaces;Interphases;New Concepts and Tools;Outlook","brand":"Royal Society of Chemistry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48741984764247,"sku":"9781839163104","price":85.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781839163104.jpg?v=1720059564"},{"product_id":"code-of-practice-for-electric-vehicle-charging-equipment-installation-9781839538575","title":"Code of Practice for Electric Vehicle Charging","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis well established and authoritative IET Code of Practice provides a clear explanation of electric vehicle charging equipment and installation. It sets out the considerations and planning needed in advance and the necessary physical and electrical requirements during the installation process. It also details what needs to be considered when undertaking electrical work on charging equipment in various different locations - such as domestic dwellings, on-street locations, and commercial and industrial premises.\u003c\/p\u003e                \u003cp\u003eKey changes to the code for the 5th edition include:\u003c\/p\u003e                \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003efull alignment with BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 and the latest guidance in ENA Engineering Recommendation G12\/4.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ea substantially updated section on \"Vehicle as Storage\" including prosumer's electrical installations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003elegislative changes reflecting:\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003enew regulations covered in the Smart Charging Regulations 2021.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003echanges to Part S of the Building Regulations 2022.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ephysical installation requirements and accessibility for Part M of the Building Regulations and PAS 1899 guidance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003echanges made within the latest amendment to BS7671.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e                   \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003enew guidance on the installation of telecommunications and auxiliary cabling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003erevising the requirements of a simultaneous contact assessment to accommodate a mix of earthing arrangements.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003econsiderations for Fire Safety in EV charging installations (recognizing RiscAuthority publication RC59) for domestic and commercial properties.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003enew and updated appendices covering:\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003einstallation practices for earth electrodes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMode 4 charging equipment including details of pantograph connectivity systems for HGV and PSV.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eguidance regarding the minimum depth of buried cables and minimum height of overhead suspended cables in different environments.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e                   \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eextended guidance covering earth fault loop impedance and RCD testing, including use of vehicle simulators for Mode 3 charging equipment, and testing in prosumer's electrical installations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ean expanded DNO Notification section to include for V2G and V2H applications.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eupdated guidance on inductive charging installations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e                \u003cp\u003eDeveloped by a technical committee of industry experts the \u003ci\u003eElectric Vehicle Charging Equipment Installation - Code of Practice\u003c\/i\u003e is essential reading for all installers of EV charging units and will also be of real value to all those involved in decisions regarding the rapidly developing EV charging infrastructure landscape.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreface\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSection 1: Scope\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSection 2: Overview of EV charging equipment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSection 3: Arrangements prior to installation commencement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSection 4: Physical installation requirements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSection 5: Electrical requirements - General\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSection 6: Dwelling installations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSection 7: On-street installations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSection 8: Commercial and industrial installations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSection 9: Inspection, testing and maintenance requirements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSection 10: Vehicle as storage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSection 11: Distribution network operator (DNO) notification\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSection 12: Integration and smart infrastructure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix A: Charging connectors and charging cable types\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix B: Checklists for dwelling installations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix C: Checklists for on-street installations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix D: Checklists for commercial and industrial installations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix E: Wireless power transfer (WPT) installations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix F: Installing an earth electrode system to enable use of a PME supply earth, in accordance with Regulation 722.411.4.1(ii) of BS 7671\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix G: Separation of earth electrode zones where a TT (or Mode 4 IT system) is used separate from other earthing arrangements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix H: Determining a suitable location and voltage tripping threshold for a measurement earth electrode if used for compliance with Regulation 722.411.4.1(iii) of BS 7671\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix I: Installation practices for earth electrodes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix J: Supply and earthing arrangements for Mode 4 DC EVSE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix K: Minimum depth of buried cables and height of overhead suspended cables\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix L: Regulatory marking\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix M: Earth fault loop impedance contribution of steel wire armour cables (Annex NA of PD IEC\/TR 50480)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix N: Glossary\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix O: References\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndex\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48742008095063,"sku":"9781839538575","price":82.65,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781839538575.jpg?v=1720059658"},{"product_id":"thin-film-and-flexible-thermoelectric-generators-devices-and-sensors-9783030458614","title":"Thin Film and Flexible Thermoelectric Generators,","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book presents and facilitates new research and development results with hot topics in the thermoelectric generators (TEGs) field. 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By using simplified classroom-tested methods developed while teaching the subject to engineering students, the authors explain in simple language an otherwise complex subject in terms that enable readers to gain a rapid fundamental understanding of renewable energy, including basic principles, the different types, energy storage, grid integration, and economies. This powerful tutorial is a great resource for students, engineers, technicians, analysts, investors, and other busy professionals who need to quickly acquire a solid understanding of the science of renewable energy technology.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 . Renewable Energy Basics.- Chapter 2. Hydroelectric Power.- Chapter 3. Wind Power.- Chapter 4. Ocean Power.- Chapter 5. Bioenergy.- Chapter 6. Geothermal Energy.- Chapter 7. Solar Thermal Energy.- Chapter 8. Solar Photovoltaics.- Chapter 9. Energy Storage.- Chapter 10. Grid Integration of Renewable Energy.- Chapter 11. Economic Aspects of Renewable Energy.- Chapter 12. Challenges of Renewable Sources of Energy.- Chapter 13. Comparative Study of Renewable Sources of Energy.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743045955927,"sku":"9783030700515","price":42.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030700515.jpg?v=1720063871"},{"product_id":"networks-of-power-9780801846144","title":"Networks of Power","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAwarded the Dexter Prize by the Society for the History of Technology, this book offers a comparative history of the evolution of modern electric power systems. It described large-scale technological change and demonstrates that technology cannot be understood unless placed in a cultural context.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn exciting, major contribution to the field of history, for it establishes very convincingly that the growth of... power networks is as intrinsic to and characteristic of modern society as the growth of manorialism was to medieval society. American Historical Review How the West was wired. Times Literary Supplement\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface\u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2. Edison the Hedgehog: Invention and Development\u003cbr\u003e3. Edison's System Abroad: Technology Transfer\u003cbr\u003e4. Reverse Salients and Critical Problems\u003cbr\u003e5. Conflict and Resolution\u003cbr\u003e6. Technological Momentum\u003cbr\u003e7. Berlin: The Coordination of Technology and Politics\u003cbr\u003e8. Chicago: The Dominance of Technology\u003cbr\u003e9. London: The Primary of Politics\u003cbr\u003e10. California White Coal\u003cbr\u003e11. War and Acquired Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e12. Planned Systems\u003cbr\u003e13. The Culture of Regional Systems\u003cbr\u003e14. RWE, PP\u0026amp;L, and NESCO: The\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Johns Hopkins University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48865923924311,"sku":"9780801846144","price":40.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780801846144.jpg?v=1722276219"},{"product_id":"electromagnetics-for-electrical-machines-9780367575878","title":"Electromagnetics for Electrical Machines","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book offers a comprehensive yet accessible treatment of the linear theory of electromagnetics and its application to the design of electrical machines. Leveraging valuable classroom insight gained by the authors during their impressive and ongoing teaching careers, this text emphasizes concepts rather than numerical methods, providing prese\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"… unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. … one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done.\"\u003cbr\u003e— Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"The authors of this book set out to achieve the goal of presenting electromagnetics for electrical machines in a simple and systematic manner. I think they achieve that goal. They reduce Maxwell’s equations to Laplace’s equation, Poisson’s equation, wave equation, and eddy current equation and apply them to electrical machines.\"\u003cbr\u003e— Matthew Sadiku, Prairie View A\u0026amp;M University\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"I particularly value the approach taken of developing accurate theoretical electromagnetic models for several electrical machine structures. Traditional approaches of using lumped element models for machine parts, and then trying to modify the resulting equivalent network by taking into account the effect of these elements having non-zero physical size in a piece-meal fashion do not develop the user’s basic comprehensive insight into all aspects of the electromagnetic fields which can have some effect on machine behavior.\"\u003cbr\u003e— Philip H. Alexander, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"… unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. … one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done.\"\u003cbr\u003e—Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"… unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. … one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done.\"\u003cbr\u003e—Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"The authors of this book set out to achieve the goal of presenting electromagnetics for electrical machines in a simple and systematic manner. I think they achieve that goal. They reduce Maxwell’s equations to Laplace’s equation, Poisson’s equation, wave equation, and eddy current equation and apply them to electrical machines.\"\u003cbr\u003e—Matthew Sadiku, Prairie View A\u0026amp;M University\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"I particularly value the approach taken of developing accurate theoretical electromagnetic models for several electrical machine structures. Traditional approaches of using lumped element models for machine parts, and then trying to modify the resulting equivalent network by taking into account the effect of these elements having non-zero physical size in a piece-meal fashion do not develop the user’s basic comprehensive insight into all aspects of the electromagnetic fields which can have some effect on machine behavior.\"\u003cbr\u003e—Philip H. Alexander, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntroduction. Review of Field Equations. Theorems, Revisited. Laplacian Fields. Eddy Currents in Magnetic Cores. Laminated-Rotor Polyphase Induction Machines. Un-Laminated Rotor Polyphase Induction Machines. Case Studies. Numerical Computation. Appendices.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48884066451799,"sku":"9780367575878","price":43.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780367575878.jpg?v=1722530284"},{"product_id":"renewable-energy-engineering-9781009295765","title":"Renewable Energy Engineering","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48885202354519,"sku":"9781009295765","price":47.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781009295765.jpg?v=1722535361"},{"product_id":"standard-handbook-for-electrical-engineers-seventeenth-edition-9781259642586","title":"Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13.5pt;\"\u003ePublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family:\" times new roman\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c\/o:p\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUp-to-date coverage of every facet of electric power in a single volume\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis fully revised, industry-standard resource offers practical details on every aspect of electric power engineering. The book contains in-depth discussions from more than 100 internationally recognized experts. 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Clifford traces how a power company and its visionary founder jumpstarted the British colony’s postwar economic rise and set in motion far-reaching political and social change.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLet There Be Light \u003c\/i\u003eis a cultural, business, and political history of the world’s single most indispensable technology—electricity generation—in a great city that it helped create. This elegantly written, deeply researched, and thoughtful book offers, in microcosm, a global vision of development, finance, and state engagement with the economy. -- Thomas W. Laqueur, author of \u003ci\u003eThe Work of the Dead: A Cultural History of Mortal Remains\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn insightful and vivid history. Mark Clifford challenges the conventional view of Hong Kong as a laissez-faire state. 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Sing the City Electric\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003eNotes\u003cbr\u003eBibliography\u003cbr\u003eIndex","brand":"Columbia University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49083425063255,"sku":"9780231201698","price":27.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780231201698.jpg?v=1725548899"},{"product_id":"generation-distribution-and-utilization-of-electrical-energy-9781906574765","title":"Generation Distribution and Utilization of","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"New Academic Science Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49084602876247,"sku":"9781906574765","price":42.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781906574765.jpg?v=1725552731"},{"product_id":"optimal-operation-of-integrated-multienergy-systems-under-uncertainty-9780128241141","title":"Optimal Operation of Integrated MultiEnergy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. 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Power Quality Solutions for Renewable Energy Systems","brand":"Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49399837819223,"sku":"9780128178560","price":114.3,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780128178560.jpg?v=1730468869"},{"product_id":"control-of-power-inverters-in-renewable-energy-and-smart-grid-integration-9780470667095","title":"Control of Power Inverters in Renewable Energy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntegrating renewable energy and other distributed energy sources into smart grids, often via power inverters, is arguably the largest new frontier for smart grid advancements. Inverters should be controlled properly so that their integration does not jeopardize the stability and performance of power systems and a solid technical backbone is formed to facilitate other functions and services of smart grids.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis unique reference offers systematic treatment of important control problems in power inverters, and different general converter theories. 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\u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Outline of the Book 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Basics of Power Processing 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Hardware Issues 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Wind Power Systems 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Solar Power Systems 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Smart Grid Integration 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Preliminaries 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Power Quality Issues 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Repetitive Control 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Reference Frames 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART I POWER QUALITY CONTROL\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Current \u003ci\u003eH∞\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eRepetitive Control 81\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 System Description 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Controller Design 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Design Example 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Experimental Results 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Summary 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Voltage and Current \u003ci\u003eH∞\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eRepetitive Control 93\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 System Description 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Modelling of an Inverter 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Controller Design 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Design Example 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Simulation Results 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Summary 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Voltage \u003ci\u003eH∞\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eRepetitive Control with a Frequency-adaptive Mechanism 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 System Description 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Controller Design 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Design Example 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Experimental Results 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Summary 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Cascaded Current-Voltage \u003ci\u003eH∞\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eRepetitive Control 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Operation Modes in Microgrids 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Control Scheme 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Design of the Voltage Controller 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Design of the Current Controller 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Design Example 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Experimental Results 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Summary 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Control of Inverter Output Impedance 149\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Inverters with Inductive Output Impedances (L-inverters) 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Inverters with Resistive Output Impedances (R-inverters) 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Inverters with Capacitive Output Impedances (C-inverters) 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Design of C-inverters to Improve the Voltage THD 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Simulation Results for R-, L- and C-inverters 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Experimental Results for R-, L- and C-inverters 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Impact of the Filter Capacitor 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Summary 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Bypassing Harmonic Current Components 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Controller Design 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Physical Interpretation of the Controller 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Stability Analysis 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Experimental Results 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Summary 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Power Quality Issues in Traction Power Systems 173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Description of the Topology 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Compensation of Negative-sequence Currents, Reactive Power and Harmonic Currents 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Special Case: cos θ = 1 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Simulation Results 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Summary 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART II NEUTRAL LINE PROVISION\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Topology of a Neutral Leg 187\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Split DC Link 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Conventional Neutral Leg 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Independently-controlled Neutral Leg 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Summary 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Classical Control of a Neutral Leg 193\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Mathematical Modelling 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Controller Design 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Performance Evaluation 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Selection of the Components 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Simulation Results 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Summary 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 \u003ci\u003eH∞\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eVoltage-Current Control of a Neutral Leg 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Mathematical Modelling 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Controller Design 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Selection of Weighting Functions 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Design Example 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Simulation Results 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Summary 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Parallel PI Voltage-\u003ci\u003eH∞\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eCurrent Control of a Neutral Leg 219\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Description of the Neutral Leg 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Design of an\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Addition of a Voltage Control Loop 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Experimental Results 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Summary 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Applications in Single-phase to Three-phase Conversion 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 The Topology under Consideration 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Basic Analysis 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Controller Design 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Simulation Results 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Summary 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART III POWER FLOW CONTROL\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Current Proportional–Integral Control 251\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Control Structure 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Controller Implementation 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Experimental Results 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Summary 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Current Proportional-Resonant Control 259\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Proportional-resonant Controller 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Control Structure 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Controller Design 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Experimental Results 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Summary 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Current Deadbeat Predictive Control 269\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Control Structure 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Controller Design 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Experimental Results 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Summary 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Synchronverters: Grid-friendly Inverters that Mimic Synchronous Generators 277\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Mathematical Model of Synchronous Generators 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Implementation of a Synchronverter 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Operation of a Synchronverter 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Simulation Results 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Experimental Results 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Summary 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Parallel Operation of Inverters 297\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Problem Description 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Power Delivered to a Voltage Source 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Conventional Droop Control 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Inherent Limitations of Conventional Droop Control 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Robust Droop Control of R-inverters 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Robust Droop Control of C-inverters 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8 Robust Droop Control of L-inverters 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9 Summary 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Robust Droop Control with Improved Voltage Quality 335\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Control Strategy 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Experimental Results 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Summary 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Harmonic Droop Controller to Improve Voltage Quality 347\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Model of an Inverter System 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Power Delivered to a Current Source 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Reduction of Harmonics in the Output Voltage 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Simulation Results 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Experimental Results 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Summary 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART IV SYNCHRONISATION\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Conventional Synchronisation Techniques 361\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Introduction 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Zero-crossing Method 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Basic Phase-locked Loops (PLL) 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 PLL in the Synchronously Rotating Reference Frame (SRF-PLL) 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Second-order Generalised Integrator-based PLL (SOGI-PLL) 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Sinusoidal Tracking Algorithm (STA) 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 Simulation Results with SOGI-PLL and STA 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.8 Experimental Results with SOGI-PLL and STA 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.9 Summary 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Sinusoid-locked Loops 379\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Single-phase Synchronous Machine (SSM) Connected to the Grid 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Structure of a Sinusoid-locked Loop (SLL) 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Tracking of the Frequency and the Phase 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Tracking of the Voltage Amplitude 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Tuning of the Parameters 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 Equivalent Structure 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.7 Simulation Results 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.8 Experimental Results 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.9 Summary 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 407\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402397032791,"sku":"9780470667095","price":81.86,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470667095.jpg?v=1730480276"},{"product_id":"smart-grid-9780470889398","title":"Smart Grid","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is written as primer hand book for addressing the fundamentals of smart grid. It provides the working definition the functions, the design criteria and the tools and techniques and technology needed for building smart grid. The book is needed to provide a working guideline in the design, analysis and development of Smart Grid.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 SMART GRID ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Today's Grid versus the Smart Grid 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007: Rationale for the Smart Grid 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Computational Intelligence 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Power System Enhancement 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Communication and Standards 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Environment and Economics 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Outline of the Book 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 General View of the Smart Grid Market Drivers 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Stakeholder Roles and Function 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 Working Definition of the Smart Grid Based on Performance Measures 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12 Representative Architecture 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.13 Functions of Smart Grid Components 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14 Summary 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY 16\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Communication and Measurement 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Monitoring, PMU, Smart Meters, and Measurements Technologies 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 GIS and Google Mapping Tools 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Multiagent Systems (MAS) Technology 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Microgrid and Smart Grid Comparison 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Summary 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR SMART GRID DESIGN 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction to Load Flow Studies 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Challenges to Load Flow in Smart Grid and Weaknesses of the Present Load Flow Methods 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Load Flow State of the Art: Classical, Extended Formulations, and Algorithms 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Congestion Management Effect 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Load Flow for Smart Grid Design 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 DSOPF Application to the Smart Grid 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Static Security Assessment (SSA) and Contingencies 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Contingencies and Their Classification 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Contingency Studies for the Smart Grid 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Summary 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 STABILITY ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR SMART GRID 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction to Stability 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Existing Voltage Stability Analysis Tools 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Voltage Stability Assessment 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Voltage Stability Assessment Techniques 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Voltage Stability Indexing 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Analysis Techniques for Steady-State Voltage Stability Studies 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Application and Implementation Plan of Voltage Stability 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Optimizing Stability Constraint through Preventive Control of Voltage Stability 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Angle Stability Assessment 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 State Estimation 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS FOR SMART GRID DESIGN 100\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction to Computational Tools 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Decision Support Tools (DS) 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Optimization Techniques 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Classical Optimization Method 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Heuristic Optimization 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Evolutionary Computational Techniques 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Adaptive Dynamic Programming Techniques 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Pareto Methods 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Hybridizing Optimization Techniques and Applications to the Smart Grid 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Computational Challenges 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Summary 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 PATHWAY FOR DESIGNING SMART GRID 122\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction to Smart Grid Pathway Design 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Barriers and Solutions to Smart Grid Development 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Solution Pathways for Designing Smart Grid Using Advanced Optimization and Control Techniques for Selection Functions 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 General Level Automation 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Bulk Power Systems Automation of the Smart Grid at Transmission Level 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Distribution System Automation Requirement of the Power Grid 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 End User\/Appliance Level of the Smart Grid 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Applications for Adaptive Control and Optimization 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Summary 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 RENEWABLE ENERGY AND STORAGE 140\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Renewable Energy Resources 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Sustainable Energy Options for the Smart Grid 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Penetration and Variability Issues Associated with Sustainable Energy Technology 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Demand Response Issues 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrids 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 PHEV Technology 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Environmental Implications 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Storage Technologies 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Tax Credits 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Summary 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 INTEROPERABILITY, STANDARDS, AND CYBER SECURITY 160\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Interoperability 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Standards 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Smart Grid Cyber Security 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Cyber Security and Possible Operation for Improving Methodology for Other Users 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Summary 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND TRAINING FOR THE SMART GRID 176\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Research Areas for Smart Grid Development 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Research Activities in the Smart Grid 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Multidisciplinary Research Activities 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Smart Grid Education 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Training and Professional Development 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Summary 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 CASE STUDIES AND TESTBEDS FOR THE SMART GRID 184\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Demonstration Projects 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Advanced Metering 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Microgrid with Renewable Energy 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Power System Unit Commitment (UC) Problem 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 ADP for Optimal Network Reconfiguration in Distribution Automation 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Case Study of RER Integration 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Testbeds and Benchmark Systems 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Challenges of Smart Transmission 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Benefits of Smart Transmission 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Summary 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 EPILOGUE 200\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIndex 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402452410711,"sku":"9780470889398","price":78.26,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470889398.jpg?v=1730480440"},{"product_id":"electrical-energy-conversion-and-transport-9780470936993","title":"Electrical Energy Conversion and Transport","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDesigned to support interactive teaching and computer assisted self-learning, this second edition of \u003ci\u003eElectrical Energy Conversion and Transport\u003c\/i\u003e is thoroughly updated to address the recent environmental effects of electric power generation and transmission, which have become more important together with the deregulation of the industry. New content explores different power generation methods, including renewable energy generation (solar, wind, fuel cell) and includes new sections that discuss the upcoming Smart Grid and the distributed power generation using renewable energy generation, making the text essential reading material for students and practicing engineers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e“This book is recommended reading for those interested in deepening their knowledge of electrical systems, energy conversion technologies, and the use of computer tools to assist in understanding of complex engineering problems.”  (\u003ci\u003eIEEE Power Electronics Society Newsletter\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e,\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003e1 August2013)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface and Acknowledgments xv  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1. Electric Networks 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1. Transmission Systems 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2. Distribution Systems 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2. Traditional Transmission Systems 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1. Substation Components 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2. Substations and Equipment 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3. Gas Insulated Switchgear 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4. Power System Operation in Steady-State Conditions 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5. Network Dynamic Operation (Transient Condition) 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3. Traditional Distribution Systems 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1. Distribution Feeder 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2. Residential Electrical Connection 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4. Intelligent Electrical Grids 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1. Intelligent High-Voltage Transmission Systems 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2. Intelligent Distribution Networks 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5. Exercises 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6. Problems 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 ELECTRIC GENERATING STATIONS 30\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1. Fossil Power Plants 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1. Fuel Storage and Handling 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2. Boiler 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3. Turbine 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.4. Generator and Electrical System 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.5. Combustion Turbine 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.6. Combined Cycle Plants 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2. Nuclear Power Plants 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1. Nuclear Reactor 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2. Pressurized Water Reactor 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3. Boiling Water Reactor 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3. Hydroelectric Power Plants 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1. Low Head Hydroplants 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2. Medium- and High-Head Hydroplants 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3. Pumped Storage Facility 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4. Wind Farms 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5. Solar Power Plants 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1. Photovoltaics 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2. Solar Thermal Plants 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6. Geothermal Power Plants 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7. Ocean Power 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1. Ocean Tidal 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2. Ocean Current 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.3. Ocean Wave 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.4. Ocean Thermal 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8. Other Generation Schemes 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9. Electricity Generation Economics 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1. O\u0026amp;M Cost 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.2. Fuel Cost 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.3. Capital Cost 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.4. Overall Generation Costs 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10. Load Characteristics and Forecasting 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11. Environmental Impact 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12. Exercises 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13. Problems 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 SINGLE-PHASE CIRCUITS 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1. Circuit Analysis Fundamentals 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1. Basic Defi nitions and Nomenclature 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2. Voltage and Current Phasors 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3. Power 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2. AC Circuits 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3. Impedance 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1. Series Connection 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2. Parallel Connection 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3. Impedance Examples 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4. Loads 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1. Power Factor 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2. Voltage Regulation 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5. Basic Laws and Circuit Analysis Techniques 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1. Kirchhoff’s Current Law 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3. Thévenin’s and Norton’s Theorems 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6. Applications of Single-Phase Circuit Analysis 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7. Summary 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8. Exercises 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9. Problems 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS 145\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1. Three-Phase Quantities 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2. Wye-Connected Generator 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3. Wye-Connected Loads 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1. Balanced Wye Load (Four-Wire System) 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2. Unbalanced Wye Load (Four-Wire System) 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3. Wye-Connected Three-Wire System 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4. Delta-Connected System 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1. Delta-Connected Generator 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2. Balanced Delta Load 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3. Unbalanced Delta Load 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5. Summary 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6. Three-Phase Power Measurement 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1. Four-Wire System 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2. Three-Wire System 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7. Per-Unit System 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8. Symmetrical Components 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1. Calculation of Phase Voltages from Sequential Components 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2. Calculation of Sequential Components from Phase Voltages 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.3. Sequential Components of Impedance Loads 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9. Application Examples 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10. Exercises 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11. Problems 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 TRANSMISSION LINES AND CABLES 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1. Construction 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2. Components of the Transmission Lines 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1. Towers and Foundations 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2. Conductors 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3. Insulators 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3. Cables 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4. Transmission Line Electrical Parameters 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5. Magnetic Field Generated by Transmission Lines 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1. Magnetic Field Energy Content 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2. Single Conductor Generated Magnetic Field 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3. Complex Spatial Vector Mathematics 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4. Three-Phase Transmission Line-Generated Magnetic Field 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6. Transmission Line Inductance 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1. External Magnetic Flux 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2. Internal Magnetic Flux 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3. Total Conductor Magnetic Flux 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4. Three-Phase Line Inductance 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7. Transmission Line Capacitance 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1. Electric Field Generation 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2. Electrical Field around a Conductor 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3. Three-Phase Transmission Line Generated Electric Field 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.4. Three-Phase Line Capacitance 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8. Transmission Line Networks 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.1. Equivalent Circuit for a Balanced System 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.2. Long Transmission Lines 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9. Concept of Transmission Line Protection 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1. Transmission Line Faults 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.2. Protection Methods 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.3. Fuse Protection 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.4. Overcurrent Protection 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.5. Distance Protection 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10. Application Examples 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.1. Mathcad® Examples 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.2. PSpice®: Transient Short-Circuit Current in Transmission Lines 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.3. PSpice: Transmission Line Energization 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11. Exercises 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12. Problems 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION 313\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1. Magnetic Circuits 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1. Magnetic Circuit Theory 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2. Magnetic Circuit Analysis 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3. Magnetic Energy 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.4. Magnetization Curve 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.5. Magnetization Curve Modeling 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2. Magnetic and Electric Field Generated Forces 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1. Electric Field-Generated Force 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2. Magnetic Field-Generated Force 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3. Electromechanical System 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1. Electric Field 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2. Magnetic Field 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4. Calculation of Electromagnetic Forces 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5. Applications 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1. Actuators 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2. Transducers 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3. Permanent Magnet Motors and Generators 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4. Microelectromechanical Systems 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6. Summary 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7. Exercises 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8. Problems 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 TRANSFORMERS 375\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1. Construction 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2. Single-Phase Transformers 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1. Ideal Transformer 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2. Real Transformer 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3. Determination of Equivalent Transformer Circuit Parameters 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3. Three-Phase Transformers 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1. Wye–Wye Connection 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2. Wye–Delta Connection 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3. Delta–Wye Connection 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4. Delta–Delta Connection 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5. Summary 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.6. Analysis of Three-Phase Transformer Configurations 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.7. Equivalent Circuit Parameters of a Three-Phase Transformer 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.8. General Program for Computing Transformer Parameters 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.9. Application Examples 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.10. Concept of Transformer Protection 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4. Exercises 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5. Problems 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 456\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1. Construction 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1. Round Rotor Generator 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2. Salient Pole Generator 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3. Exciter 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2. Operating Concept 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1. Main Rotating Flux 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2. Armature Flux 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3. Generator Application 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1. Loading 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2. Reactive Power Regulation 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3. Synchronization 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4. Static Stability 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4. Induced Voltage and Armature Reactance Calculation 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1. Induced Voltage Calculation 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2. Armature Reactance Calculation 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5. Concept of Generator Protection 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6. Application Examples 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7. Exercises 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8. Problems 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 INDUCTION MACHINES 541\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1. Introduction 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2. Construction 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1. Stator 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2. Rotor 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3. Three-Phase Induction Motor 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1. Operating Principle 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2. Equivalent Circuit 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3. Motor Performance 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4. Motor Maximum Output 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.5. Performance Analyses 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6. Determination of Motor Parameters by Measurement 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4. Single-Phase Induction Motor 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1. Operating Principle 592\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2. Single-Phase Induction Motor Performance Analysis 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5. Induction Generators 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1. Induction Generator Analysis 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2. Doubly Fed Induction Generator 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6. Concept of Motor Protection 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7. Exercises 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8. Problems 611\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 DC MACHINES 616\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1. Construction 616\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2. Operating Principle 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1. DC Motor 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2. DC Generator 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3. Equivalent Circuit 625\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4. Excitation Methods 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3. Operation Analyses 629\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1. Separately Excited Machine 630\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2. Shunt Machine 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3. Series Motor 645\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4. Summary 651\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4. Application Examples 652\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5. Exercises 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6. Problems 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 INTRODUCTION TO POWER ELECTRONICS AND MOTOR CONTROL 673\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1. Concept of DC Motor Control 674\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2. Concept of AC Induction Motor Control 678\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3. Semiconductor Switches 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1. Diode 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2. Thyristor 687\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3. Gate Turn-Off Thyristor 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4. Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor 693\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.5. Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.6. Summary 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4. Rectifi ers 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1. Simple Passive Diode Rectifiers 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2. Single-Phase Controllable Rectifiers 709\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3. Firing and Snubber Circuits 726\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4. Three-Phase Rectifiers 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5. Inverters 729\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1. Voltage Source Inverter with Pulse Width Modulation 732\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2. Line-Commutated Thyristor-Controlled Inverter 735\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3. High-Voltage DC Transmission 738\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6. Flexible AC Transmission 739\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1. Static VAR Compensator 740\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2. Static Synchronous Compensator 744\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.3. Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor 744\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.4. Unifi ed Power Controller 747\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7. DC-to-DC Converters 747\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1. Boost Converter 748\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2. Buck Converter 754\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8. Application Examples 757\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9. Exercises 773\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10. Problems 774\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A Introduction to Mathcad® 777\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1. Worksheet and Toolbars 777\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1.1. Text Regions 780\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1.2. Calculations 780\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2. Functions 783\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.1. Repetitive Calculations 784\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2. Defining a Function 785\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.3. Plotting a Function 786\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.4. Minimum and Maximum Function Values 788\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3. Equation Solvers 788\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3.1. Root Equation Solver 789\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3.2. Find Equation Solver 789\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4. Vectors and Matrices 790\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix B Introduction to MATLAB® 794\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1. Desktop Tools 794\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2. Operators, Variables, and Functions 796\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3. Vectors and Matrices 797\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.4. Colon Operator 799\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.5. Repeated Evaluation of an Equation 799\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.6. Plotting 800\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.7. Basic Programming 803\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix C Fundamental Units and Constants 805\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.1. Fundamental Units 805\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2. Fundamental Physical Constants 809\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix D Introduction to PSpice® 810\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.1. Obtaining and Installing PSpice 810\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.2. Using PSpice 811\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.2.1. Creating a Circuit 811\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.2.2. Simulating a Circuit 812\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.2.3. Analyzing Simulation Results 813\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem Solution Key 815\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 822\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 824\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402461684055,"sku":"9780470936993","price":115.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470936993.jpg?v=1730480480"},{"product_id":"transients-in-power-systems-electrical-electronics-engr-9780471486398","title":"Transients in Power Systems Electrical","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCovering the fundamentals of electrical transients, this book should equip readers with the skills to recognise and solve transient problems in power networks and components, starting with the basics of transient electrical circuit theory.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"...intended readers are those responsible for design and operation of electric utility transmission systems...not for the mathematically disadvantaged...\" (Electrical Apparatus, October 2001)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Basic Concepts and Simple Switching Transients.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Transient Analysis of Three-Phase Power Systems.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Travelling Waves.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Circuit Breakers.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Switching Transients.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Power System Transient Recovery Voltages.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Lightning-Induced Transients.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Numerical Simulation of Electrical Transients.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Insulation Coordination, Standardisation Bodies, and Standards.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Testing of Circuit Breakers.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402608517463,"sku":"9780471486398","price":144.85,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471486398.jpg?v=1730480946"},{"product_id":"an-introduction-to-electrical-machines-and-transformers-9780471635291","title":"An Introduction to Electrical Machines and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eElectrical engineering students are traditionally given but brief exposure to the important topic of electrical machines and transformers. This text\/reference comprises a thorough and accessible introduction to the subject and this Second Edition contains more material on small machinery and a new chapter on the ``energy conversion'''' approach to calculation of magnetically developed forces. A circuit model is developed for each of the basic devices and the physical basis of each model is explained. Chapters are relatively independent of one another and follow the same general plan--coverage is broad and deep enough to permit flexibility in course design.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhat Machines and Transformers Have in Common.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Synchronous Machines.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Transformers.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Induction, or Asynchronous, Machines.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Direct-Current Machines.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Single-Phase Machines.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Machines for Special Jobs.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Forces and Torques in Electromagnetic Systems.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendices.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Glossary of Symbols.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402647478615,"sku":"9780471635291","price":195.26,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471635291.jpg?v=1730481104"},{"product_id":"environmentally-conscious-alternative-energy-production-9780471739111","title":"Environmentally Conscious Alternative Energy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis fourth volume of the Wiley Series in Environmentally Conscious Engineering, Environmentally Conscious Alternative Engergy Production describes and compares the environmental and economic impacts of renewable and conventional power generation technologies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContributors.  \u003cp\u003ePreface.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1: Economic Comparisons of Power Generation Technologies (Todd S. Nemec).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2: Solar Energy Applications (Jan F. Kreider).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3: Fuel Cells (Matthew M. Mench).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4: Geothermal Resources and Technology: An Introduction (Peter D. Blair).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5: Wind Power Generation (Todd S. Nemec).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6: Cogeneration (Jerald A. Caton).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7: Hydrogen Energy (E. K. Stefanakos, D. Y. Goswami, S. S. Srinivasan, and J. T. Wolan).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8: Clean Power Generation from Coal (James W. Butler and Prabir Basu).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9: Using Waste Heat from Power Plants (Herbert A. Ingley III).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A: Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Collector Manufacturing Activities 2005.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B: Survey of Geothermal Heat Pump Shipments, 1990–2004.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402665304407,"sku":"9780471739111","price":118.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471739111.jpg?v=1730481166"},{"product_id":"power-generation-operation-and-control-9780471790556","title":"Power Generation Operation and Control","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA thoroughly revised new edition of the definitive work on power systems best practices\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this eagerly awaited new edition, Power Generation, Operation, and Control continues to provide engineers and academics with a complete picture of the techniques used in modern power system operation. Long recognized as the standard reference in the field, the book has been thoroughly updated to reflect the enormous changes that have taken place in the electric power industry since the Second Edition was published seventeen years ago. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWith an emphasis on both the engineering and economic aspects of energy management, the Third Edition introduces central terminal characteristics for thermal and hydroelectric power generation systems, along with new optimization techniques for tackling real-world operating problems. Readers will find a range of algorithms and methods for performing integrated economic, network, and generating system analysis, as well as modern methods for power syst\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“Without a doubt, this book makes admirable progress in integrating the ­traditional with the new, and, as such, it is a worthy addition to professional libraries. It is a valuable text for a one- or two-course sequence in a graduate curriculum in power systems. Reasonable resource support for both student and instructor is available through the publisher.”  (\u003ci\u003eIEEE\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 July 2014)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface to the Third Edition xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the First Edition xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Purpose of the Course 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Course Scope 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Economic Importance 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Deregulation: Vertical to Horizontal 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Problems: New and Old 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Characteristics of Steam Units 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Variations in Steam Unit Characteristics 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2 Combined Cycle Units 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.3 Cogeneration Plants 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.4 Light-Water Moderated Nuclear Reactor Units 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.5 Hydroelectric Units 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.6 Energy Storage 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Renewable Energy 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1 Wind Power 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2 Cut-In Speed 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.3 Rated Output Power and Rated Output Wind Speed 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.4 Cut-Out Speed 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.5 Wind Turbine Efficiency or Power Coefficient 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.6 Solar Power 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 1A Typical Generation Data 26\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 1B Fossil Fuel Prices 28\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 1C Unit Statistics 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences for Generation Systems 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Industrial Organization, Managerial Economics, and Finance 35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Business Environments 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Regulated Environment 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Competitive Market Environment 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Theory of the Firm 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Competitive Market Solutions 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Supplier Solutions 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Supplier Costs 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Individual Supplier Curves 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Competitive Environments 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 Imperfect Competition 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.5 Other Factors 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Cost of Electric Energy Production 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Evolving Markets 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Energy Flow Diagram 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Multiple Company Environments 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.1 Leontief Model: Input–Output Economics 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.2 Scarce Fuel Resources 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Uncertainty and Reliability 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Economic Dispatch of Thermal Units and Methods of Solution 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 The Economic Dispatch Problem 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Economic Dispatch with Piecewise Linear Cost Functions 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 LP Method 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Piecewise Linear Cost Functions 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Economic Dispatch with LP 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 The Lambda Iteration Method 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Economic Dispatch Via Binary Search 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Economic Dispatch Using Dynamic Programming 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Composite Generation Production Cost Function 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Base Point and Participation Factors 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Thermal System Dispatching with Network Losses Considered 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 The Concept of Locational Marginal Price (LMP) 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Auction Mechanisms 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.1 PJM Incremental Price Auction as a Graphical Solution 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.2 Auction Theory Introduction 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.3 Auction Mechanisms 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.4 English (First-Price Open-Cry = Ascending) 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.5 Dutch (Descending) 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.6 First-Price Sealed Bid 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.7 Vickrey (Second-Price Sealed Bid) 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.8 All Pay (e.g., Lobbying Activity) 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 3A Optimization Within Constraints 106\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 3B Linear Programming (LP) 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 3C Non-Linear Programming 128\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 3D Dynamic Programming (DP) 128\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 3E Convex Optimization 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Unit Commitment 147\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Economic Dispatch versus Unit Commitment 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Constraints in Unit Commitment 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Spinning Reserve 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Thermal Unit Constraints 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.5 Other Constraints 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Unit Commitment Solution Methods 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Priority-List Methods 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Lagrange Relaxation Solution 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Mixed Integer Linear Programming 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Daily Auctions Using a Unit Commitment 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 4A Dual Optimization on a Nonconvex Problem 167\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 4B Dynamic-Programming Solution to Unit Commitment 173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4B.1 Introduction 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4B.2 Forward DP Approach 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Generation with Limited Energy Supply 187\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Fuel Scheduling 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Take-or-Pay Fuel Supply Contract 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Complex Take-or-Pay Fuel Supply Models 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Hard Limits and Slack Variables 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Fuel Scheduling by Linear Programming 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Introduction to Hydrothermal Coordination 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Long-Range Hydro-Scheduling 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Short-Range Hydro-Scheduling 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Hydroelectric Plant Models 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Scheduling Problems 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.1 Types of Scheduling Problems 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.2 Scheduling Energy 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 The Hydrothermal Scheduling Problem 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1 Hydro-Scheduling with Storage Limitations 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.2 Hydro-Units in Series (Hydraulically Coupled) 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.3 Pumped-Storage Hydroplants 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Hydro-Scheduling using Linear Programming 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 5A Dynamic-Programming Solution to hydrothermal Scheduling 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.A.1 Dynamic Programming Example 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.A.1.1 Procedure 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.A.1.2 Extension to Other Cases 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.A.1.3 Dynamic-Programming Solution to Multiple Hydroplant\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Transmission System Effects 243\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Conversion of Equipment Data to Bus and Branch Data 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Substation Bus Processing 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Equipment Modeling 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Dispatcher Power Flow for Operational Planning 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Conservation of Energy (Tellegen’s Theorem) 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Existing Power Flow Techniques 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 The Newton–Raphson Method Using the Augmented Jacobian Matrix 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Power Flow Statement 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Mathematical Overview 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 AC System Control Modeling 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Local Voltage Control 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12 Modeling of Transmission Lines and Transformers 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12.1 Transmission Line Flow Equations 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12.2 Transformer Flow Equations 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13 HVDC links 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13.1 Modeling of HVDC Converters and FACT Devices 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13.2 Definition of Angular Relationships in HVDC Converters 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13.3 Power Equations for a Six-Pole HVDC Converter 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14 Brief Review of Jacobian Matrix Processing 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15 Example 6A: AC Power Flow Case 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.16 The Decoupled Power Flow 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.17 The Gauss–Seidel Method 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.18 The “DC” or Linear Power Flow 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.18.1 DC Power Flow Calculation 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.18.2 Example 6B: DC Power Flow Example on the Six-Bus Sample System 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.19 Unified Eliminated Variable Hvdc Method 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.19.1 Changes to Jacobian Matrix Reduced 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.19.2 Control Modes 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.19.3 Analytical Elimination 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.19.4 Control Mode Switching 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.19.5 Bipolar and 12-Pulse Converters 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.20 Transmission Losses 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.20.1 A Two-Generator System Example 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.20.2 Coordination Equations, Incremental Losses, and Penalty Factors 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.21 Discussion of Reference Bus Penalty Factors 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.22 Bus Penalty Factors Direct from the AC Power Flow 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Power System Security 296\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Factors Affecting Power System Security 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Contingency Analysis: Detection of Network Problems 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Generation Outages 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Transmission Outages 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 An Overview of Security Analysis 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Linear Sensitivity Factors 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Monitoring Power Transactions Using “Flowgates” 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Voltage Collapse 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 AC Power Flow Methods 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Contingency Selection 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 Concentric Relaxation 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4 Bounding 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.5 Adaptive Localization 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 7A AC Power Flow Sample Cases 327\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 7B Calculation of Network Sensitivity Factors 336\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7B.1 Calculation of PTDF Factors 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7B.2 Calculation of LODF Factors 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7B.2.1 Special Cases 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7B.3 Compensated PTDF Factors 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Optimal Power Flow 350\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 The Economic Dispatch Formulation 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 The Optimal Power Flow Calculation Combining Economic Dispatch and the Power Flow 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Optimal Power Flow Using the DC Power Flow 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Example 8A: Solution of the DC Power Flow OPF 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Example 8B: DCOPF with Transmission Line Limit Imposed 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Formal Solution of the DCOPF 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Adding Line Flow Constraints to the Linear Programming Solution 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.1 Solving the DCOPF Using Quadratic Programming 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Solution of the ACOPF 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Algorithms for Solution of the ACOPF 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Relationship Between LMP, Incremental Losses, and Line Flow Constraints 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11.1 Locational Marginal Price at a Bus with No Lines Being Held at Limit 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11.2 Locational Marginal Price with a Line Held at its Limit 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12 Security-Constrained OPF 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12.1 Security Constrained OPF Using the DC Power Flow and Quadratic Programming 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12.2 DC Power Flow 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12.3 Line Flow Limits 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12.4 Contingency Limits 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 8A Interior Point Method 391\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 8B Data for the 12-Bus System 393\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 8C Line Flow Sensitivity Factors 395\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 8D Linear Sensitivity Analysis of the AC Power Flow 397\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Introduction to State Estimation in Power Systems 403\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Power System State Estimation 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Maximum Likelihood Weighted Least-Squares Estimation 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Introduction 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Maximum Likelihood Concepts 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Matrix Formulation 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 An Example of Weighted Least-Squares State Estimation 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 State Estimation of an Ac Network 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Development of Method 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Typical Results of State Estimation on an AC Network 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 State Estimation by Orthogonal Decomposition 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 The Orthogonal Decomposition Algorithm 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 An Introduction to Advanced Topics in State Estimation 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Sources of Error in State Estimation 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Detection and Identification of Bad Measurements 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.3 Estimation of Quantities Not Being Measured 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.4 Network Observability and Pseudo-measurements 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 The Use of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUS) 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Application of Power Systems State Estimation 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Importance of Data Verification and Validation 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Power System Control Centers 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 9A Derivation of Least-Squares Equations 456\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9A.1 The Overdetermined Case (\u003ci\u003eN\u003c\/i\u003em \u0026gt; \u003ci\u003eN\u003c\/i\u003es) 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9A.2 The Fully Determined Case (\u003ci\u003eN\u003c\/i\u003em = \u003ci\u003eN\u003c\/i\u003es) 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9A.3 The Underdetermined Case (\u003ci\u003eN\u003c\/i\u003em \u0026lt; \u003ci\u003eN\u003c\/i\u003es) 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Control of Generation 468\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Generator Model 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Load Model 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Prime-Mover Model 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Governor Model 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Tie-Line Model 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Generation Control 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Supplementary Control Action 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 Tie-Line Control 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.3 Generation Allocation 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.4 Automatic Generation Control (AGC) Implementation 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.5 AGC Features 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.6 NERC Generation Control Criteria 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Interchange, Pooling, Brokers, and Auctions 501\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Interchange Contracts 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Energy 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Dynamic Energy 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Contingent 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Market Based 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Transmission Use 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.6 Reliability 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Energy Interchange between Utilities 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Interutility Economy Energy Evaluation 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Interchange Evaluation with Unit Commitment 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Multiple Utility Interchange Transactions—Wheeling 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Power Pools 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 The Energy-Broker System 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Transmission Capability General Issues 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Available Transfer Capability and Flowgates 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10.1 Definitions 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10.2 Process 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10.3 Calculation ATC Methodology 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11.1 Loads and Generation in a Spot Market Auction 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11.2 Shape of the Two Functions 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11.3 Meaning of the Lagrange Multipliers 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11.4 The Day-Ahead Market Dispatch 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Auction Emulation using Network LP 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.13 Sealed Bid Discrete Auctions 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Short-Term Demand Forecasting 566\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Perspective 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Analytic Methods 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Demand Models 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Commodity Price Forecasting 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Forecasting Errors 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 System Identification 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Econometric Models 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.1 Linear Environmental Model 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.2 Weather-Sensitive Models 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Time Series 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.1 Time Series Models Seasonal Component 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.2 Auto-Regressive (AR) 580\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.3 Moving Average (MA) 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.4 Auto-Regressive Moving Average (ARMA): Box-Jenkins 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.5 Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving-Average (ARIMA): Box-Jenkins 584\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.6 Others (ARMAX, ARIMAX, SARMAX, NARMA) 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Time Series Model Development 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.1 Base Demand Models 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.2 Trend Models 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.3 Linear Regression Method 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.4 Seasonal Models 588\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.5 Stationarity 588\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.6 WLS Estimation Process 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.7 Order and Variance Estimation 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.8 Yule-Walker Equations 592\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.9 Durbin-Levinson Algorithm 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.10 Innovations Estimation for MA and ARMA Processes 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.11 ARIMA Overall Process 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Artificial Neural Networks 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.1 Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.2 Artificial Neurons 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.3 Neural network applications 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.4 Hopfield Neural Networks 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.5 Feed-Forward Networks 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.6 Back-Propagation Algorithm 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.7 Interior Point Linear Programming Algorithms 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 Model Integration 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12 Demand Prediction 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.1 Hourly System Demand Forecasts 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.2 One-Step Ahead Forecasts 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.3 Hourly Bus Demand Forecasts 616\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.13 Conclusion 616\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 620\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402674413911,"sku":"9780471790556","price":107.06,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471790556.jpg?v=1730481190"},{"product_id":"computer-modelling-of-electrical-power-systems-2e-9780471872498","title":"Computer Modelling of Electrical Power Systems 2e","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eComputer models can be used to simulate the changing states of electrical power systems. Such simulations enable the power engineer to study performance and predict disturbances.  Focusing on the performance of the power system boosted by the FACTS.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Introduction.\u003cbr\u003e Transmission Systems.\u003cbr\u003e FACTS and HVDC Transmission.\u003cbr\u003e Load Flow.\u003cbr\u003e Load Flow Under Power Electronic Control.\u003cbr\u003e Electromagnetic Transients.\u003cbr\u003e System Stability.\u003cbr\u003e System Stability Under Power Electronic Control.\u003cbr\u003e Appendix I: Fault Level Derivation.\u003cbr\u003e Appendix II: Numerical Integration Methods.\u003cbr\u003e Appendix III: Test System Used in the Stability Examples.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402680901975,"sku":"9780471872498","price":173.66,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471872498.jpg?v=1730481214"},{"product_id":"transient-stability-of-power-systems-9780471942139","title":"Transient Stability of Power Systems","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn in-depth treatment of the transient stability problem, its physical description and formulation. Discusses methods for transient stability analysis, sensitivity assessment and control. Considers conventional and non-conventional techniques including direct and artificial intelligence, system theory, load modeling, evaluation of machine parameters, saturation effects and pattern recognition approaches. Features practical examples and simulation results.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSynchronous Machines--Mathematical Description.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Modeling of Power Systems for Stability Studies.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Conventional Methods of Analysis.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Lyapunov-Like Direct Methods.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Extended Equal-Area Criterion.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Decision Tree Transient Stability Method.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Composite Electromechanical Distance Method.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Appendices.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e References.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402687029591,"sku":"9780471942139","price":435.56,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471942139.jpg?v=1730481236"},{"product_id":"photovoltaic-conversion-of-concentrated-sunlight-9780471967651","title":"Photovoltaic Conversion of Concentrated Sunlight","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhotovoltaic conversion is a process for the direct conversion of sunlight into electricity. This book is a survey of recent achievements in solar concentration techniques for photovoltaic electricity generation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFundamentals of Photovoltaic Conversion of Concentrated Sunlight(V. Rumyantsev).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Ohmic Losses in Solar Cells (V. Rumyantsev).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Concentrator Solar Cells (V. Andreev).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Luminescent Phenomena in Concentrator Solar Cells (V.Rumyantsev).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Transfer and Distribution of Radiant Energy in ConcentrationSystems (V. Grilikhes).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Optimization of Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants with Concentrators(V. Grilikhes).\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index.","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402698465623,"sku":"9780471967651","price":245.66,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471967651.jpg?v=1730481272"},{"product_id":"power-after-carbon-9780674241077","title":"Power after Carbon","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe electricity sector is facing its toughest test: eliminate carbon emissions while meeting much larger demands for power and adjusting to massive disruptions in its markets, technologies, business models, and policies. Peter Fox-Penner unwinds the industry’s fast-moving challenges and makes realistic recommendations for this essential industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003ePower after Carbon\u003c\/i\u003e calls to attention the dramatic changes in the electric power sector over the last decade. Fox-Penner leads us on a serious exploration of the various technologies, fuels, and system designs that transcend easy fixes to today’s challenges and opportunities: the drive for net zero carbon emissions; the rise of wind and solar; and the emphasis on both reliability and resilience. -- Ernest Moniz, former US Secretary of Energy\u003cbr\u003ePeter Fox-Penner is among the world’s most respected and admired electricity experts—deeply informed, astute, and wise. This clear and engaging distillation of his insights will enlighten and stimulate readers in all sectors and at all levels. -- Amory B. Lovins, Cofounder and Chairman Emeritus, Rocky Mountain Institute\u003cbr\u003eClearly written, assiduously researched, and never fantastical, \u003ci\u003ePower after Carbon\u003c\/i\u003e is a delight-filled primer for how to overhaul our electricity grid for the twenty-first century. If Fox-Penner can imagine and explain a carbon free system, then surely we can conceive of a way to build it! -- Gretchen Bakke, author of \u003ci\u003eThe Grid: The Fraying Wires Between Americans and Our Energy Future\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExamines many important issues that require attention if society elects to accelerate carbon emission reductions through greater electrification of transportation and other end uses for energy…Fox-Penner has written a magnum opus for electricity regulators and other analysts working in this area. -- William F. Hederman * Regulation *\u003cbr\u003ePeter Fox-Penner has once again written a book that captures the zeitgeist of the electric utility industry at a pivotal moment. How we decarbonize the US power supply and incorporate new technologies, while still providing reliable and affordable electric service, is a daunting task. \u003ci\u003ePower after Carbon\u003c\/i\u003e lays out both the challenges and possible paths forward in a clear and cogent way, and should be required reading for anyone who wants to understand this industry. -- Sue Kelly, former President and CEO, American Public Power Association\u003cbr\u003eThe rapid transition to 100 percent clean energy generation requires not only political will, but also an understanding of the difficult choices that decision makers and advocates must address. This book clearly and comprehensively explains the decisions that must be made, the steps that must be taken, and the interactions between policy and technology judgments that must be understood. It is a must-read if we are to succeed in this critical task. -- Ken Berlin, President and CEO, The Climate Reality Project\u003cbr\u003eFox-Penner does it again! This unique, timely, and invaluable addition to the canon confronts our powerlessness before the ‘Almighty Grid’ and organizes our collective thinking in the wider field. A must-read for anyone interested in the energy transition that will affect us all. -- Malik Dahlan, Chair of International Law and Public Policy, Energy Law Institute, Queen Mary University of London\u003cbr\u003eIt is increasingly clear that climate change is the central issue of this century, yet global emissions continue to rise. On paper, decarbonizing the electric system is the easy part, but in the real world, it’s not so simple. In \u003ci\u003ePower after Carbon\u003c\/i\u003e, Peter Fox-Penner tackles the many thorny questions that arise, presenting a vision for how change is possible, if we rise to the occasion. -- Jeremy Grantham, Cofounder and Chief Investment Strategist, Grantham, Mayo \u0026amp; van Otterloo\u003cbr\u003eIn \u003ci\u003ePower after Carbon\u003c\/i\u003e, Fox-Penner uses his options framework to address the energy industry’s advances over the last decade. This excellent book will be particularly valuable to industry leaders, policymakers, and other stakeholders as we design the paths forward for our companies, and the customers and communities we serve. -- Robert Rowe, President and CEO, Northwestern Energy\u003cbr\u003eAs the world sits on the precipice of an energy transformation, \u003ci\u003ePower after Carbon\u003c\/i\u003e provides a detailed look at the technology and policy challenges we will need to confront on the way to a fully clean grid. Even though the scope of the change is immense, Fox-Penner deftly paints a clear vision of what is possible, making this book an essential resource for anyone looking to understand what comes next in our energy future. -- Alicia Barton, President and CEO, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority\u003cbr\u003eIf you’re serious about climate policy, read this book. -- Joseph Romm, author of \u003ci\u003eClimate Change: What Everyone Needs to Know\u003c\/i\u003e","brand":"Harvard University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49403564491095,"sku":"9780674241077","price":28.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780674241077.jpg?v=1730483843"},{"product_id":"power-and-communication-cables-9780780311961","title":"Power and Communication Cables","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProvides in depth discussion of the design, manufacturing, testing, installation, and operation of power and communication cables. This work offers information on the properties of material and teaches how they influence cable characteristics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePREFACE.\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eACKNOWLEDGMENTS.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 1: CABLES: A CHRONOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE (\u003ci\u003eR. Bartnikas\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Preliminary Remarks.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Power Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Communication Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF CABLE MATERIALS (\u003ci\u003eR. Bartnikas\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Metallic Conductors.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Conductor and Insulation Semiconducting Shields.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Insulation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Materials for Protective Coverings.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Armoring Materials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Coverings for Corrosion Protection.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Conclusion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Glossary of Cable Materials Technology.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 3: DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF EXTRUDED SOLID-DIELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION CABLES (\u003ci\u003eH. D. Campbell and L J. Hiivala\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Design Fundamentals.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Design Considerations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Design Objectives.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Solid-Dielectric Insulation Techniques.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Related Tests.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 4: EXTRUDED SOLID-DIELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION CABLES (\u003ci\u003eL J. Hiivala\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Design and Construction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Manufacturing Methods.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Testing.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Accessories.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Concluding Remarks.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 5: DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF OIL-IMPREGNATED PAPER INSULATED POWER DISTRIBUTION CABLES (\u003ci\u003eW. K.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eRybczynski\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Brief History of Development.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Elements of Solid-Type Oil-Paper Cable Design.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Cable Manufacture.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Tests.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Electrical Characteristics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Conclusion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 6: LOW-PRESSURE OIL-FILLED POWER TRANSMISSION CABLES (\u003ci\u003eW. K. Rybczynski\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Elements of Oil-Filled Cable Design.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Cable Manufacture.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Tests.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Electrical Characteristics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Principles of Oil Feeding.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Notes on Sheath Bonding.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Limitations of LPOF Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Self-Contained High-Pressure Oil-Filled Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Self Contained Oil-Filled Cables for dc Application.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 7: HIGH-PRESSURE OIL-FILLED PIPE-TYPE POWER TRANSMISSION CABLES (\u003ci\u003eW. K. Rybczynski\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Principles of Operation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Elements of Cable Design.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Cable Manufacture.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Tests.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Electrical Characteristics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Principles of Oil Feeding.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Cathodic Protection.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Limitations of HPOFPT Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Development of HPOFPT Cable for Higher Voltages in the United States.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Gas-Type Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Gas Compression EHV Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13 Concluding Remarks.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 8: VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN AND OTHER ELECTRICAL TESTS ON POWER CABLES (\u003ci\u003eH. D. Campbell\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Alternating-Current Overvoltage Test.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Direct-Current Overvoltage Test.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Voltage Testing of Production Lengths.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Tests on Specimens.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Impulse Tests.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 9: DISSIPATION FACTOR, PARTIAL-DISCHARGE, AND ELECTRICAL AGING TESTS ON POWER CABLES (\u003ci\u003eR. Bartnikas\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Dissipation Factor of a Cable.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Bridge Techniques for the Measurement of tan δ.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Partial-Discharge Characteristics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Partial-Discharge Measurements.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Partial-Discharge Site Location.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Discharge Pulse Pattern Studies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Electrical Aging Mechanisms.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Accelerated Electrical Aging Tests.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 10: FIELD TESTS AND ACCESSORIES FOR POLYMERIC POWER DISTRIBUTION CABLES (\u003ci\u003eH. H. Campbell and W. T. Starr\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Alternating-Current Overvoltage Test.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Dissipation Factor (Power Factor) Test.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Insulation Resistance Test.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Partial-Discharge Test.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Direct-Current Overvoltage Test.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Direct-Current Test Procedures.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Interpretation of Test Results.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Question of Test Levels.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Direct Stress versus Alternating Stress Considerations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Practical Test Levels.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12 Joints and Terminations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.13 Some Current Practices.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 11: POWER CABLE SYSTEMS (\u003ci\u003eG. Ludasi\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Comparison of Overhead Lines and Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Radial Power Systems.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Looped Systems.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Current-Carrying Capacity: Rating Equations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Calculation of Losses.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Thermal Resistance of Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Cyclic Loading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Short-Term Overloading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Fault Currents.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Cable System Economics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Choice of System Voltage.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.13 Cable Selection and Installation Methods.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14 Cable Pulling.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.15 Choice of Cable Route and Manhole Location.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 12: CRYOGENIC AND COMPRESSED GAS INSULATED POWER CABLES (\u003ci\u003eK. D. Srivastava\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Compressed Gas Insulated Transmission Line System.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Cryoresistive Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Superconductive Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Economic Considerations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 13: UNDERWATER POWER CABLES (\u003ci\u003eR. T. Traut\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Underwater Power Cable Design.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Power Transmission Requirements.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Armor and External Protection Design.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Underwater Power Cable Manufacture.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Cable Transport.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Underwater Power Cable Installation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 14: HIGH-VOLTAGE DIRECT-CURRENT CABLES (\u003ci\u003eC. Doench and K. D. Srivastava\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Electrical Behavior of DC Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Transient Electric Stresses on HVDC Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Design of HVDC Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Selection of Materials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Direct-Current Cable Accessories.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Testing of DC Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Emerging Trends in HVDC Cable Technology.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 15: TELEPHONE CABLES (\u003ci\u003eR. Bartnikas\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Historical Background.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Transmission Parameters of Copper Conductor Telephone Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Digital Transmission.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Characteristics of Metallic Conductor Telephone Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Twisted-Wire Multipair Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Electrical Characteristics of Coaxial Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Metallic Conductor Telephone Cable Design and Manufacture.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Coaxial Cable Design and Construction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Video Pair Cable Design and Construction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 Optical Fiber Telephone Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 16: UNDERSEA COAXIAL COMMUNICATION CABLES (\u003ci\u003eR. T.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eTraut\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Undersea Cable Telecommunications.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Undersea Coaxial Cable Design.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 17: TERRESTRIAL AND UNDERWATER OPTICAL FIBER CABLES (\u003ci\u003eW. F. Wright\u003c\/i\u003e).\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Historical Perspective.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Optical Fiber Characteristics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Introduction to Fiber-Optic Cables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Introduction to Undersea Fiber-Optic Communication Systems.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Concluding Remarks.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAUTHOR INDEX.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSUBJECT INDEX.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eABOUT THE EDITORS.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49404989702487,"sku":"9780780311961","price":170.96,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780780311961.jpg?v=1730488295"},{"product_id":"understanding-facts-9780780334557","title":"Understanding Facts","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) -- a new technologybased on power electronics -- offers an opportunity to enhancecontrollability, stability, and power transfer capability of ACtransmission systems. Pioneers in FACTS and leading world expertsin power electronics applications Narain G. Hingorani and LaszloGyugyi have teamed together to bring you the definitive book onFACTS technology.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Hingorani and Gyugyi present a practical approach to FACTS thatwill enable electrical engineers working in the power industry tounderstand the principles underlying this advanced system.UNDERSTANDING FACTS will also enhance expertise in equipmentspecifications and engineering design, offering an informed view ofthe future of power electronics in AC transmission systems.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e This comprehensive reference book provides an in-depth lookat:\u003cbr\u003e * Power semiconductor devices\u003cbr\u003e * Voltage-sourced and current-sourced converters\u003cbr\u003e * Specific FACTS controllers including SVC, STATCOM, TCSC\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePREFACE xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 1 FACTS Concept and General System Considerations 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Transmission Interconnections 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Why We Need Transmission Interconnections 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 Opportunities for FACTS 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Flow of Power in an AC System 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Power Flow in Parallel Paths 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Power Flow in Meshed System 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 What Limits the Loading Capability? 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Power Flow and Dynamic Stability Considerations of a Transmission Interconnection 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Relative Importance of Controllable Parameters 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Basic Types of FACTS Controllers 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Relative Importance of Different Types of Controllers 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Brief Description and Definitions of FACTS Controllers 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1 Shunt Connected Controllers 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2 Series Connected Controllers 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.3 Combined Shunt and Series Connected Controllers 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.4 Other Controllers 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Checklist of Possible Benefits from FACTS Technology 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 In Perspective: HVDC or FACTS 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 2 Power Semiconductor Devices 37\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Perspective on Power Devices 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Types of High-Power Devices 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Principal High-Power Device Characteristics and Requirements 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Voltage and Current Ratings 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Losses and Speed of Switching 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Parameter Trade-Off of Devices 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Power Device Material 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Diode (Pn Junction) 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Transistor 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 MOSFET 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Thyristor (without Turn-Off Capability) 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Gate Turn-Off Thyristor (GTO) 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Turn-On and Turn-Off Process 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 MOS Turn-Off Thyristor (MTO) 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Emitter Turn-Off Thyristor 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor (GCT and IGCT) 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 MOS-Controlled Thyristor (MCT) 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 3 Voltage-Sourced Converters 67\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Basic Concept of Voltage-Sourced Converters 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Single-Phase Full-Wave Bridge Converter Operation 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Single Phase-Leg Operation 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Square-Wave Voltage Harmonics for a Single-Phase Bridge 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Three-Phase Full-Wave Bridge Converter 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Converter Operation 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Fundamental and Harmonics for a Three-Phase Bridge Converter 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Sequence of Valve Conduction Process in Each Phase-Leg 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Transformer Connections for 12-Pulse Operation 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 24- and 48-Pulse Operation 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Three-Level Voltage-Sourced Converter 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.1 Operation of Three-Level Converter 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.2 Fundamental and Harmonic Voltages for a Three-Level Converter 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.3 Three-Level Converter with Parallel Legs 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Converter 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Generalized Technique of Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 Converter Rating—General Comments 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 4 Self- and Line-Commutated Current-Sourced Converters 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Basic Concept of Current-Sourced Converters 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Three-Phase Full-Wave Diode Rectifier 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Thyristor-Based Converter (With Gate Turn-On but Without Gate Turn-Off) 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Rectifier Operation 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Inverter Operation 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Valve Voltage 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Commutation Failures 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 AC Current Harmonics 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 DC Voltage Harmonics 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Current-Sourced Converter with Turn-Off Devices (Current Stiff Converter) 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Current-Sourced Versus Voltage-Sourced Converters 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 5 Static Shunt Compensators: SVC and STATCOM 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Objectives of Shunt Compensation 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Midpoint Voltage Regulation for Line Segmentation 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 End of Line Voltage Support to Prevent Voltage Instability 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Improvement of Transient Stability 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4 Power Oscillation Damping 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.5 Summary of Compensator Requirements 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Methods of Controllable Var Generation 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Variable Impedance Type Static Var Generators 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Switching Converter Type Var Generators 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Hybrid Var Generators: Switching Converter with TSC and TCR 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Summary of Static Var Generators 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Static Var Compensators: SVC and STATCOM 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 The Regulation Slope 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Transfer Function and Dynamic Performance 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Transient Stability Enhancement and Power Oscillation Damping 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Var Reserve (Operating Point) Control 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Summary of Compensator Control 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Comparison Between STATCOM and SVC 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 V-I and V-Q Characteristics 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Transient Stability 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Response Time 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Capability to Exchange Real Power 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.5 Operation With Unbalanced AC System 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.6 Loss Versus Var Output Characteristic 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.7 Physical Size and Installation 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.8 Merits of Hybrid Compensator 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Static Var Systems 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 6 Static Series Compensators: GCSC, TSSC, TCSC, and SSSC 209\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Objectives of Series Compensation 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Concept of Series Capacitive Compensation 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Voltage Stability 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 Improvement of Transient Stability 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.4 Power Oscillation Damping 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.5 Subsynchronous Oscillation Damping 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.6 Summary of Functional Requirements 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.7 Approaches to Controlled Series Compensation 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Variable Impedance Type Series Compensators 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 GTO Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (GCSC) 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Thyristor-Switched Series Capacitor (TSSC) 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Subsynchronous Characteristics 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Basic Operating Control Schemes for GCSC, TSSC, and TCSC 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Switching Converter Type Series Compensators 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 The Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Transmitted Power Versus Transmission Angle Characteristic 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Control Range and VA Rating 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Capability to Provide Real Power Compensation 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Immunity to Subsynchronous Resonance 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.6 Internal Control 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 External (System) Control for Series Reactive Compensators 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Summary of Characteristics and Features 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 7 Static Voltage and Phase Angle Regulators: TCVR and TCPAR 267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Objectives of Voltage and Phase Angle Regulators 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Voltage and Phase Angle Regulation 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Power Flow Control by Phase Angle Regulators 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Real and Reactive Loop Power Flow Control 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4 Improvement of Transient Stability with Phase Angle Regulators 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.5 Power Oscillation Damping with Phase Angle Regulators 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.6 Summary of Functional Requirements 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Approaches to Thyristor-Controlled Voltage and Phase Angle Regulators (TCVRs and TCPARs) 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Continuously Controllable Thyristor Tap Changers 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Thyristor Tap Changer with Discrete Level Control 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Thyristor Tap Changer Valve Rating Considerations 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Switching Converter-Based Voltage and Phase Angle Regulators 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Hybrid Phase Angle Regulators 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 8 Combined Compensators: Unified Power \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eFlow Controller (UPFC) and Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) 297\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 The Unified Power Flow Controller 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Basic Operating Principles 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Conventional Transmission Control Capabilities 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Independent Real and Reactive Power Flow Control 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Comparison of UPFC to Series Compensators and Phase Angle Regulators 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.5 Control Structure 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.6 Basic Control System for P and Q Control 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.7 Dynamic Performance 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.8 Hybrid Arrangements: UPFC with a Phase Shifting Transformer 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 The Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Basic Operating Principles and Characteristics 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Control Structure 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Computer Simulation 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Practical and Application Considerations 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Generalized and Multifunctional FACTS Controllers 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 9 Special Purpose Facts Controllers: NGH-SSR Damping Scheme and Thyristor-Controlled \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eBraking Resistor 353\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Subsynchronous Resonance 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 NGH-SSR Damping Scheme 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Basic Concept 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2. Design and Operation Aspects 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Thyristor-Controlled Braking Resistor (TCBR) 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Basic Concept 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Design and Operation Aspects 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 10 Application Examples 373\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 WAPA's Kayenta Advanced Series Capacitor (ASC) 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Introduction and Planning Aspects 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Functional Specification 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Design and Operational Aspects 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.4 Results of the Project 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 BPA's Slatt Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Introduction and Planning Aspects 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Functional Specifications 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Design and Operational Aspects 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Results of the Project 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 TVA's Sullivan Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Introduction and Planning Aspects 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 STATCOM Design Summary 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Steady-State Performance 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Dynamic Performance 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5 Results of the Project 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 AEP's Inez Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Introduction and Planning Aspects 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Description of the UPFC 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Operating Performance 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Results of the Project 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eINDEX 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eABOUT THE AUTHORS 431\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49404990226775,"sku":"9780780334557","price":153.85,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780780334557.jpg?v=1730488298"},{"product_id":"condition-monitoring-and-faults-diagnosis-of-induction-motors-9780815389958","title":"Condition Monitoring and Faults Diagnosis of","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book covers various issues related to machinery condition monitoring, signal processing and conditioning, instrumentation and measurements, faults for induction motors failures, new trends in condition monitoring, and the fault identification process using motor currents electrical signature analysis. It aims to present a new non-invasive and non-intrusive condition monitoring system, which has the capability to detect various defects in induction motor at incipient stages within an arbitrary noise conditions. The performance of the developed system has been analyzed theoretically and experimentally under various loading conditions of the motor.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers current and new approaches applied to fault diagnosis and condition monitoring.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cli\u003eIntegrates concepts and practical implementation of electrical signature analysis.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cli\u003eUtilizes LabVIEW tool for condition monitoring problems.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncorporates real-world case studies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Introduction to Condition Monitoring of Electrical Machines 2. Background on Condition Monitoring Techniques 3. Noninvasive Methods for Motor Fault Diagnosis 4. Design and Development of a Noninvasive Condition Monitoring System 5. Faults Analysis and Evaluations via IPA and PVA Methods 6. Summary on Noninvasive Electrical Signature Analysis Methods: IPA and PVA \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49405926965591,"sku":"9780815389958","price":137.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780815389958.jpg?v=1730493933"},{"product_id":"systems-modeling-and-computer-simulation-94-electrical-and-computer-engineering-9780824794217","title":"Systems Modeling and Computer Simulation 94","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis second edition describes the fundamentals of modelling and simulation of continuous-time, discrete time, discrete-event and large-scale systems. Coverage new to this edition includes: a chapter on non-linear systems analysis and modelling, complementing the treatment of of continuous-time and discrete-time systems; and a chapter on the computer animation and visualization of dynamical systems motion.;College or university bookstores may order five or more copies at a special student price, available on request from Marcel Dekker Inc.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMotivation and overview; continuous-time and discrete-time systems; nonlinear systems analysis and modelling; computer simulation; computer visualization of dynamic system motion; discrete-event systems; manufacturing systems - modelling and simulation; robotic systems and automation; principles of design and analysis of simulation experiments; computer-aided control system design - techniques and tools; digital control systems; hardware and implementation; microprocessor systems; introduction to large-scale systems; concepts of power system modelling and simulation; world modelling - concepts and applications; economic systems.","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406180098391,"sku":"9780824794217","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"memory-microprocessor-and-asic-9780849317378","title":"Memory Microprocessor and ASIC","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTiming, memory, power dissipation, testing, and testability are all crucial elements of VLSI circuit design. In this volume culled from the popular VLSI Handbook, experts from around the world provide in-depth discussions on these and related topics. Stacked gate, embedded, and flash memory all receive detailed treatment, including their power consumption and recent developments in low-power memories. Reflecting the rapid development and importance of systems-on-a-chip (SOCs), an entire chapter is devoted to application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Design-related topics include microprocessor architectures, layout methods, design verification, testability concepts, and various CAD tools.\u003cbr\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSystem Timing. ROM\/PROM\/EPROM. SRAM. Embedded Memory. Flash Memories. Dynamic Random Access Memory. Low-Power Memory Circuits. Timing and Signal Integrity Analysis. Microprocessor Design Verification. Microprocessor Layout Method. Architecture. ASIC Design. Logic Synthesis for Field Programmable Gate Array (EPGA) Technology. Testability Concepts and DFT. ATPG and BIST. CAD Tools for BIST\/DFT and Delay Faults.","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406216503639,"sku":"9780849317378","price":161.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780849317378.jpg?v=1730494968"},{"product_id":"deterministic-learning-theory-for-identification-recognition-and-control-32-automation-and-control-engineering-9780849375538","title":"Deterministic Learning Theory for Identification","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeterministic Learning Theory for Identification, Recognition, and Control\u003c\/strong\u003e presents a unified conceptual framework for knowledge acquisition, representation, and knowledge utilization in uncertain dynamic environments. It provides systematic design approaches for identification, recognition, and control of linear uncertain systems. Unlike many books currently available that focus on statistical principles, this book stresses learning through closed-loop neural control, effective representation and recognition of temporal patterns in a deterministic way. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA Deterministic View of Learning in Dynamic Environments\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors begin with an introduction to the concepts of deterministic learning theory, followed by a discussion of the persistent excitation property of RBF networks. They describe the elements of deterministic learning, and address dynamical pattern recognition and pattern-based control processes. The results are applicable to a\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction. RBF Networks and the PE Condition. Locally Accurate Identification of Nonlinear Systems. Learning from Closed-Loop Neural Control. Rapid Recognition of Dynamical Patterns. Deterministic Learning using Output Measurements. Applications of Deterministic Learning. Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406229971287,"sku":"9780849375538","price":185.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780849375538.jpg?v=1730495013"},{"product_id":"electrochemical-power-sources-9781118460238","title":"Electrochemical Power Sources","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eElectrochemical Power Sources (EPS) provides in a concise way the operational features, major types, and applications of batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors\u003cbr\u003e Details the design, operational features, and applications of batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors\u003cbr\u003e Covers improvements of existing EPSs and the development of new kinds of EPS as the results of intense R\u0026amp;D work\u003cbr\u003e Provides outlook for future trends in fuel cells and batteries\u003cbr\u003e Covers the most typical battery types, fuel cells and supercapacitors; such as zinc-carbon batteries, alkaline manganese dioxide batteries, mercury-zinc cells, lead-acid batteries, cadmium storage batteries, silver-zinc batteries and modern lithium batteries\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e“Electrochemical Power Sources: Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors” is an excellent introductory text to electrochemical energy devices which covers material considerations, historical developments of the technology and future prospects, spanning fundamental mechanisms to engineering challenges at a high level perspective. The supercapacitor section in particular goes into much more detail of the materials. This text would be most useful for students studying an introduction to electrochemistry course.”  (\u003ci\u003eJohnson Matthey Technology Review\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 October 2015)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eForeword xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymbols xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbrevations xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Batteries with Aqueous Electrolytes 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 General Aspects 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Definition 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Current-Producing Chemical Reaction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Classification 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Thermodynamic Aspects 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Historical Development 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Nomenclature 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReviews and Monographs 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Main Battery Types 11\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Electrochemical Systems 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Leclanché (Zinc–Carbon) Batteries 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 The Zinc Electrode in Alkaline Solutions 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Alkaline Manganese–Zinc Batteries 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Lead Acid Batteries 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Alkaline Nickel Storage Batteries 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Silver–Zinc Batteries 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonographs and Reviews 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Performance 27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Electrical Characteristics of Batteries 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Electrical Characteristics of Storage Batteries 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Comparative Characteristics 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Operational Characteristics 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Miscellaneous Batteries 33\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Mercury–Zinc Batteries 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Compound Batteries 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Batteries with Water as Reactant 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Standard Cells 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Reserve Batteries 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReviews and Monographs 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Design and Technology 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Balance in Batteries 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Scale Factors 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Separators 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Sealing 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Ohmic Losses 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Thermal Processes in Batteries 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Applications of Batteries 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Automotive Equipment Starter and Auxiliary Batteries 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Traction Batteries 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Stationary Batteries 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Domestic and Portable Systems 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Special Applications 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Operational Problems 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Discharge and Maintenance of Primary Batteries 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Maintenance of Storage Batteries 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 General Aspects of Battery Maintenance 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Outlook for Batteries with Aqueous Electrolyte 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Batteries with Nonaqueous Electrolytes 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Different Kinds of Electrolytes 67\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Electrolytes Based on Aprotic Nonaqueous Solutions 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Ionically Conducting Molten Salts 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Ionically Conducting Solid Electrolytes 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Insertion Compounds 73\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonographs and Reviews 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Primary Lithium Batteries 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 General Information: Brief History 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Current-Producing and Other Processes in Primary Power Sources 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Design of Primary Lithium Cells 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Fundamentals of the Technology of Manufacturing of Lithium Primary Cells 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Electric Characteristics of Lithium Cells 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Operational Characteristics of Lithium Cells 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Features of Primary Lithium Cells of Different Electrochemical Systems 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonographs 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Lithium Ion Batteries 91\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 General Information: Brief History 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Current-Producing and Other Processes in Lithium Ion Batteries 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Design and Technology of Lithium Ion Batteries 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Electric Characteristics, Performance, and Other Characteristics of Lithium Ion Batteries 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Prospects of Development of Lithium Ion Batteries 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonographs 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Lithium Ion Batteries: What Next? 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Lithium–Air Batteries 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Lithium–Sulfur Batteries 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Sodium Ion Batteries 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReviews 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Solid-State Batteries 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Low-Temperature Miniature Batteries with Solid Electrolytes 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Sulfur–Sodium Storage Batteries 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonographs and Reviews 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Batteries with Molten Salt Electrolytes 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Storage Batteries 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Reserve-Type Thermal Batteries 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Fuel Cells 123\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 General Aspects 125\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Thermodynamic Aspects 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Schematic Layout of Fuel-Cell Units 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Types of Fuel Cells 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Layout of a Real Fuel Cell: The Hydrogen–Oxygen Fuel Cell with Liquid Electrolyte 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Basic Parameters of Fuel Cells 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonographs 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 The Development of Fuel Cells 141\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 The Period prior to 1894 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 The Period from 1894 to 1960 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 The Period from 1960 to the 1990s 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 The Period after the 1990s 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonographs and Reviews 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) 151\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 The History of PEMFC 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Standard PEMFC Version of the 1990s 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Operating Conditions of PEMFC 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Special Features of PEMFC Operation 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Platinum Catalyst Poisoning by Traces of Co in the Hydrogen 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Commercial Activities in Relation to PEMFC 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Future Development of PEMFCs 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Elevated-Temperature PEMFCs (ET-PEMFCs) 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReviews 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Direct Liquid Fuel Cells with Gaseous, Liquid, And\/Or Solid Reagents 171\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Current-Producing Reactions and Thermodynamic Parameters 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Anodic Oxidation of Methanol 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Use of Platinum–Ruthenium Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Milestones in DMFC Development 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Membrane Penetration by Methanol (Methanol Crossover) 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Varieties of DMFC 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Special Operating Features of DMFC 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8 Practical Prototypes of DMFC and Their Features 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9 The Problems to be Solved in Future DMFC 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.10 Direct Liquid Fuel Cells (DLFC) 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReviews 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) 191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Special Features of High-Temperature Fuel Cells 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 The Structure of Hydrogen–Oxygen MCFC 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 MCFC with Internal Fuel Reforming 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 The Development of MCFC Work 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 The Lifetime of MCFCs 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReviews and Monographs 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) 199\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Schematic Design of a Conventional SOFC 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Tubular SOFCs 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Planar SOFCs 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Varieties of SOFCs 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 The Utilization of Natural Fuels in SOFCs 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Interim-Temperature SOFCs (ITSOFCs) 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7 Low-Temperature SOFCs (LT-SOFC) 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.8 Factors Influencing the Lifetime of SOFCs 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonographs and Reviews 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Other Types of Fuel Cells 213\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFCs) 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Redox Flow Fuel Cells 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Biological Fuel Cells 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFCs) 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonographs 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) 229\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Hydrogen–Oxygen AFCs 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Problems in the AFC Field 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 The Present State and Future Prospects of AFC Work 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Anion-Exchange (Hydroxyl Ion Conducting) Membranes 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Methanol Fuel Cell with an Invariant Alkaline Electrolyte 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonograph 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Applications of Fuel Cells 239\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Large Stationary Power Plants 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Small Stationary Power Units 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Fuel Cells for Transport Applications 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Portables 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Military Applications 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 Outlook for Fuel Cells 251\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Alternating Periods of Hope and Disappointment—Forever? 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Development of Electrocatalysis 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 “Ideal Fuel Cells” Do Exist 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Expected Future Situation with Fuel Cells 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonographs 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV Supercapacitors 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 General Aspects 259\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Electrolytic Capacitors 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27 Electrochemical Supercapacitors with Carbon Electrodes 263\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 Introduction 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 Main Properties of Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLC) 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 EDLC Energy Density and Power Density 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 Fundamentals of EDLC Macrokinetics 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5 Porous Structure and Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Properties of Highly Dispersed Carbon Electrodes 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6 Effect of Ratio of Ion and Molecule Sizes and Pore Sizes 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7 Effect of Functional Groups on EDLC Characteristics 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.8 Electrolytes Used in EDLC 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.9 Impedance of Highly Dispersed Carbon Electrodes 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.10 Nanoporous Carbons Obtained Using Various Techniques 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.11 High-Frequency Carbon Supercapacitors 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.12 Self-Discharge of Carbon Electrodes and Supercapacitors 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.13 Processes of EDLC Degradation (AGING) 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonograph and Reviews 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28 Pseudocapacitor Electrodes and Supercapacitors 315\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1 Electrodes Based on Inorganic Salts of Transition Metals 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2 Electrodes Based on Electron-Conducting Polymers (ECPs) 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.3 Redox Capacitors Based on Organic Monomers 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.4 Lithium-Cation-Exchange Capacitors 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonograph and Reviews 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29 Hybrid (Asymmetric) Supercapacitors (HSCs) 339\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1 HSCs of MeO\u003ci\u003e\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\/C Types 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2 HSCs of ECP\/C Type 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 Comparison of Characteristics of Supercapacitors and Other Electrochemical Devices. Characteristics of Commercial Supercapacitors 345\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReviews 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e31 Prospects of Electrochemical Supercapacitors 351\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e32 Electrochemical Aspects of Solar Energy Conversion 355\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.1 Photoelectrochemical Phenomena 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.2 Photoelectrochemical Devices 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.3 Photoexcitation of Metals (Electron Photoemission into Solutions) 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.4 Behavior of Illuminated Semiconductors 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.5 Semiconductor Solar Batteries (SC-SB) 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.6 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReviews and Monographs 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthor Index 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubject Index 369\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406874386775,"sku":"9781118460238","price":77.36,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118460238.jpg?v=1730497409"},{"product_id":"hvdc-grids-9781118859155","title":"HVDC Grids","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book discusses HVDC grids based on multi-terminal voltage-source converters (VSC), which is suitable for the connection of offshore wind farms and a possible solution for a continent wide overlay grid. \u003ci\u003eHVDC Grids: For Offshore and Supergrid of the Future \u003c\/i\u003ebegins by introducing and analyzing the motivations and energy policy drives for developing offshore grids and the European Supergrid. HVDC transmission technology and offshore equipment are described in the second part of the book. The third part of the book discusses how HVDC grids can be developed and integrated in the existing power system. The fourth part of the book focuses on HVDC grid integration, in studies, for different time domains of electric power systems. The book concludes by discussing developments of advanced control methods and control devices for enabling DC grids.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ePresents the technology of the future offshore and HVDC grid\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExplains how offshore and HVDC grids can be integrated \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLIST OF FIGURES xvii\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLIST OF TABLES xxv\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eCONTRIBUTORS xxvii\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eFOREWORD xxix\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003ePREFACE xxxi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxxv\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eACRONYMS xxxvii\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART I HVDC GRIDS IN THE ENERGY VISION OF THE FUTURE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 1 DRIVERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HVDC GRIDS 3\u003cbr\u003eDirk Van Hertem\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003cbr\u003e1.2 From the Vertically Integrated Industry to Fast Moving Liberalized Market 3\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Drivers for Change 5\u003cbr\u003e1.3.1 Liberalized Energy Market 6\u003cbr\u003e1.4 Investments in the Grid 12\u003cbr\u003e1.5 Towards HVDC Grids 17\u003cbr\u003e1.6 Conclusions 22\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 2 ENERGY SCENARIOS: PROJECTIONS ON EUROPE'S FUTURE GENERATION AND LOAD 25\u003cbr\u003eErik Delarue and Cedric De Jonghe\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction 25\u003cbr\u003e2.2 System Setting 26\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Scenarios for Europe's Energy Provision 34\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Conclusions 40\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART II HVDC TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY FOR OFFSHORE GRIDS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 3 HVDC TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 45\u003cbr\u003eGen Li, Chuanyue Li, and Dirk Van Hertem\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction 45\u003cbr\u003e3.2 LCC-HVDC Systems 45\u003cbr\u003e3.3 LCC-HVDC Converter Station Technology 51\u003cbr\u003e3.4 VSC-HVDC Systems 53\u003cbr\u003e3.5 VSC-HVDC Converter Station Technology 53\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Transmission Lines 72\u003cbr\u003e3.7 Conclusions 76\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 4 COMPARISON OF HVAC AND HVDC TECHNOLOGIES 79\u003cbr\u003eHakan Ergun and Dirk Van Hertem\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction 79\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Current Technology Limits 79\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Technical Comparison 82\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Economic Comparison 87\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Conclusions 94\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 5 WIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGIES 97\u003cbr\u003eEduardo Prieto-Araujo and Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction 97\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Parts of the Wind Turbine 98\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Wind Turbine Types 99\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Conclusions 107\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 6 OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANTS (OWPPS) 109\u003cbr\u003eMikel De Prada-Gil, Jose Luis Dominguez-Garcia,\u003cbr\u003eFrancisco Diaz-Gonzalez, and Andreas Sumper\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Introduction 109\u003cbr\u003e6.2 AC OWPPs 111\u003cbr\u003e6.3 DC OWPPs 130\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Other OWPPs Proposals 135\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Conclusions 138\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART III PLANNING AND OPERATION OF HVDC GRIDS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 7 HVDC GRID PLANNING 143\u003cbr\u003eHakan Ergun and Dirk Van Hertem\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Context of Transmission System Planning 143\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Transmission Expansion Optimization Methodologies 152\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Specialties of Grid Planning with HVDC Technology 155\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Illustrative Examples 157\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 8 HVDC GRID LAYOUTS 171\u003cbr\u003eJun Liang, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, and Dirk Van Hertem\u003cbr\u003e8.1 What is an HVDC Grid? 172\u003cbr\u003e8.2 HVDC Grid Topologies 172\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Topologies of HVDC Grids for Offshore Wind Power Transmission 176\u003cbr\u003e8.4 HVDC Converter Station Configuration 183\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Substation Configuration 189\u003cbr\u003e8.6 Conclusions 189\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 9 GOVERNANCE MODELS FOR FUTURE GRIDS 193\u003cbr\u003eMuhajir Tadesse Mekonnen, Diyun Huang, and Kristof De Vos\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction 193\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Transmission Grid Planning 194\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Transmission Grid Ownership 197\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Transmission Grid Financing 201\u003cbr\u003e9.5 Transmission Grid Pricing 204\u003cbr\u003e9.6 Transmission Grid Operation 208\u003cbr\u003e9.7 Conclusions 210\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 10 POWER SYSTEM OPERATIONS WITH HVDC GRIDS 213\u003cbr\u003eDirk Van Hertem, Robert H. Renner, and Johan Rimez\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Introduction 213\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Who Operates the HVDC Link or Grid? 214\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Reliability Considerations in Systems with HVDC 217\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Managing Energy Unbalances in the System 223\u003cbr\u003e10.5 Active and Reactive Power Control 226\u003cbr\u003e10.6 Ancillary Services 230\u003cbr\u003e10.7 Grid Codes 235\u003cbr\u003e10.8 Conclusions 235\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 11 OPERATION AND CONTROL OF OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANTS 239\u003cbr\u003eOriol Gomis-Bellmunt and Monica Aragues-Penalba\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Introduction 239\u003cbr\u003e11.2 System Under Analysis 240\u003cbr\u003e11.3 Control and Protection Requirements 240\u003cbr\u003e11.4 Wind Power Plant Control Structure 245\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Dynamic Simulation of a Simplified Example 249\u003cbr\u003e11.6 Conclusions 254\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART IV MODELING HVDC GRIDS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 12 MODELS FOR HVDC GRIDS 257\u003cbr\u003eJef Beerten and Dirk Van Hertem\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Introduction 257\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Power System Computation Programs 257\u003cbr\u003e12.3 Modeling Power Electronic Converters 258\u003cbr\u003e12.4 HVDC Grids Modeling Challenges 262\u003cbr\u003e12.5 Conclusions 264\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 13 POWER FLOW MODELING OF HYBRID AC\/DC SYSTEMS 267\u003cbr\u003eJef Beerten\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Introduction 267\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Simplified Power Flow Modeling 268\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Detailed Power Flow Modeling 272\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Sequential AC\/DC Power Flow 279\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Software Implementation 289\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Test Case 289\u003cbr\u003e13.7 Conclusions 290\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 14 OPTIMAL POWER FLOW MODELING OF HYBRID AC\/DC SYSTEMS 293\u003cbr\u003eJohan Rimez\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Introduction 293\u003cbr\u003e14.2 Optimal Power Flow: Standard Formulation and Extension 293\u003cbr\u003e14.3 Optimal Power Flow with DC Grids and Converters 299\u003cbr\u003e14.4 Adding Security Constraints 306\u003cbr\u003e14.5 Conclusions 313\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 15 CONTROL PRINCIPLES OF HVDC GRIDS 315\u003cbr\u003eJef Beerten, Agusti Egea, and Til Kristian Vrana\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Introduction 315\u003cbr\u003e15.2 Basic Control Principles 316\u003cbr\u003e15.3 Basic Converter Control Strategies 318\u003cbr\u003e15.4 Advanced Converter Control Strategies 321\u003cbr\u003e15.5 Basic Grid Control Strategies 324\u003cbr\u003e15.6 Advanced Grid Control Strategies 325\u003cbr\u003e15.7 Converter Inner Current Control 326\u003cbr\u003e15.8 System Power Flow Control 328\u003cbr\u003e15.9 Conclusions 330\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 16 STATE-SPACE REPRESENTATION OF HVDC GRIDS 333\u003cbr\u003eEduardo Prieto-Araujo and Fernando Bianchi\u003cbr\u003e16.1 Introduction 333\u003cbr\u003e16.2 Multi-Terminal Grid Modeling 333\u003cbr\u003e16.3 Four-Terminal Grid Example 339\u003cbr\u003e16.4 Conclusions 343\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 17 DC FAULT PHENOMENA AND DC GRID PROTECTION 345\u003cbr\u003eWillem Leterme and Dirk Van Hertem\u003cbr\u003e17.1 Introduction 345\u003cbr\u003e17.2 Short-Circuit Faults in the DC Grid 346\u003cbr\u003e17.3 DC Grid Protection 361\u003cbr\u003e17.4 DC Protection Components 366\u003cbr\u003e17.5 Conclusions 368\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 18 REAL-TIME SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS OF DC GRIDS 371\u003cbr\u003eOluwole Daniel Adeuyi and Marc Cheah\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Introduction 371\u003cbr\u003e18.2 Real-Time Simulation in Power Systems 375\u003cbr\u003e18.3 Design of Experimental Test Rig 379\u003cbr\u003e18.4 Potential Applications of HIL Tests in DC Grids 386\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART V APPLICATIONS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 19 POWER SYSTEM OSCILLATION DAMPING BY MEANS OF VSC-HVDC SYSTEMS 391\u003cbr\u003eJose Luis Dominguez-Garcia and Carlos E. Ugalde-Loo\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Introduction 391\u003cbr\u003e19.2 Power System Stability 392\u003cbr\u003e19.3 VSC-HVDC Systems Damping Contribution: Application Examples 397\u003cbr\u003e19.4 Conclusions 409\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 20 OPTIMAL DROOP CONTROL OF MULTI-TERMINAL VSC-HVDC GRIDS 413\u003cbr\u003eFernando D. Bianchi and Eduardo Prieto-Araujo\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Introduction 413\u003cbr\u003e20.2 Control of Multi-Terminal VSC-HVDC Grids 414\u003cbr\u003e20.3 Time-Varying Description for Droop Control Design 418\u003cbr\u003e20.4 Design of Optimal Control Droops 421\u003cbr\u003e20.5 Four-Terminal VSC-HVDC Network Example 422\u003cbr\u003e20.6 Conclusions 426\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 21 DC GRID POWER FLOW CONTROL DEVICES 429\u003cbr\u003eChunmei Feng, Sheng Wang, and Qing Mu\u003cbr\u003e21.1 DC Power Flow Control Devices (DCPFC) 430\u003cbr\u003e21.2 Generic Modeling of DC Power Flow Control Devices 437\u003cbr\u003e21.3 Sensitivity Analysis of DCPFC in DC Grid 438\u003cbr\u003e21.4 Case Study of Power Flow Control Devices in DC Grids 441\u003cbr\u003e21.5 Control Sensitivity of DCPFC in DC Grids 444\u003cbr\u003e21.6 Comparison of Power Control Devices 448\u003cbr\u003e21.7 Conclusions 450\u003cbr\u003eCHAPTER 22 MODELING AND CONTROL OF OFFSHORE AC HUB 451\u003cbr\u003eXiaobo Hu, Jun Liang, and Jose Luis Dominguez-Garcia\u003cbr\u003e22.1 Reasons for Developing AC Hub 451\u003cbr\u003e22.2 What is the AC Hub? 452\u003cbr\u003e22.3 Frequency-Dependent Modeling of AC Hub Components 455\u003cbr\u003e22.4 AC Hub Control Using Variable Frequency 460\u003cbr\u003e22.5 Conclusions 469\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406936383831,"sku":"9781118859155","price":106.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118859155.jpg?v=1730497615"},{"product_id":"ac-circuits-and-power-systems-in-practice-9781118924594","title":"AC Circuits and Power Systems in Practice","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe essential guide that combines power system fundamentals with the practical aspects of equipment design and operation in modern power systems Written by an experienced power engineer, AC Circuits and Power Systems in Practice offers a comprehensive guide that reviews power system fundamentals and network theorems while exploring the practical aspects of equipment design and application. The author covers a wide-range of topics including basic circuit theorems, phasor diagrams, per-unit quantities and symmetrical component theory, as well as active and reactive power and their effects on network stability, voltage support and voltage collapse. Magnetic circuits, reactor and transformer design are analyzed, as is the operation of step voltage regulators. In addition, detailed introductions are provided to earthing systems in LV and MV networks, the adverse effects of harmonics on power equipment and power system protection. Finally, European and American engineering standards are pres\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book combines the author�s rich experience in industry and teaching expertise in university. It covers the fundamental topics of AC circuits, and the application of those theories are discussed with numerous examples as well as the requirements of Engineering Standards. The writing style is logical and explicit, while illustrations and diagrams are with great accuracy, facilitating readers to have a systematic and in-depth understanding. Overall, I think this book can be an invaluable guide for recent graduate engineers working in power industry. -- Adrian Chen, Electrical Engineer, Moolarben Coal Operations Pty Ltd, Australia \u003cp\u003e This is a refreshingly practical text which covers a wide range of topics relating to AC power systems. The book is divided into two parts with part one providing a broad overview of AC power systems and a review of fundamental AC circuit theory. Part two of the book covers specific areas of AC power systems in more detail with chapters on three phase transformers, voltage and current measurement, energy metering, harmonics and power system protection. One standout feature of this book is the writing style which I found to be very straight forward and easy to read. Additionally, excellent diagrams and illustrations work well to reinforce the subject material. The text is very well referenced with a list of sources provided at the conclusion of each chapter. The industry based examples in the text work well to link electrical engineering theory and practice and as such this book should find appeal with both undergraduate students studying a course of electrical engineering and recent graduates. - James Lamont, Electrical Engineering Technical Officer, Deakin University, Australia \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e The genius of the text is that it presents sound theoretical concepts in a practical, easy to apply manner. The use of phasor diagrams and illustrated examples makes the application to real world problems easier, and gives the practitioner a �feel� for the solution – a valuable and necessary outcome in situations where not all the information is easily available and decisions must still be made. - David Gaskell, Nyrstar Hobart Smelter, Australia\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I 1 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Power Systems: A General Overview 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Three‐phase System of AC Voltages 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Low Voltage Distribution 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Examples of Distribution Transformers 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Practical Magnitude Limits for LV Loads 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Medium Voltage Network 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Transmission and Sub‐Transmission Networks 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Generation of Electrical Energy 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Sources 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Review of AC Circuit Theory and Application of Phasor Diagrams 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Representation of AC Voltages and Currents 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 RMS Measurement of Time Varying AC Quantities 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Phasor Notation (Phasor Diagram Analysis) 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Passive Circuit Components: Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Review of Sign Conventions and Network Theorems 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 AC Circuit Analysis Examples 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Resonance in AC Circuits 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Problems 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Practical Experiment 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Active Power, Reactive Power and Power Factor 91\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Single‐Phase AC Power 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Active Power 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Reactive Power 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Apparent Power or the volt‐amp Product, \u003ci\u003eS \u003c\/i\u003e96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Three‐Phase Power 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Power Factor 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Power Factor Correction 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Typical Industrial Load Profiles 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Directional Power Flows 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Energy Retailing 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Problems 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Magnetic Circuits, Inductors and Transformers 115\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Magnetic Circuits 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Magnetic Circuit Model 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Gapped Cores and Effective Permeability 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Inductance Calculations 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Core Materials 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Magnetising Characteristics of GOSS 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Energy Stored in the Air Gap 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 EMF Equation 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Magnetic Circuit Topologies 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Magnetising Losses 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Two‐Winding Transformer Operation 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Transformer VA Ratings and Efficiency 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 Two‐Winding Transformer Equivalent Circuit 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14 The Per‐Unit System 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15 Transformer Short‐Circuit and Open‐Circuit Tests 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.16 Transformer Phasor Diagram 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.17 Current Transformers 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.18 Problems 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.19 Sources 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Symmetrical Components 155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Symmetrical Component Theory 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Sequence Networks and Fault Analysis 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Network Fault Connections 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Measurement of Zero‐sequence Components (Residual Current and Voltage) 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Phase‐to‐Ground Fault Currents Reflected from a Star to a Delta Connected Winding 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Sequence Components Remote from a Fault 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Problems 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Sources 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Power Flows in AC Networks 187\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Power Flow Directions 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Synchronous Condenser 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Synchronous Motor 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Generalised Power Flow Analysis 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Low \u003ci\u003eX\u003c\/i\u003e\/\u003ci\u003eR \u003c\/i\u003eNetworks 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Steady State Transmission Stability Limit 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Voltage Collapse in Power Systems 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Problems 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Sources 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Three‐Phase Transformers 213\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Positive and Negative Sequence Impedance 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Transformer Zero‐Sequence Impedance 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Transformer Vector Groups 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Transformer Voltage Regulation 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Magnetising Current Harmonics 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Tap‐changing Techniques 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Parallel Connection of Transformers 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Transformer Nameplate 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Step Voltage Regulator 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Problems 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Sources 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Voltage Transformers 273\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Inductive and Capacitive Voltage Transformers 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Voltage Transformer Errors 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Voltage Transformer Equivalent Circuit 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Voltage Transformer ‘Error Lines’ 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Re‐rating Voltage Transformers 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Accuracy Classes for Protective Voltage Transformers 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Dual‐Wound Voltage Transformers 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Earthing and Protection of Voltage Transformers 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Non‐Conventional Voltage Transformers 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Problems 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Sources 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Current Transformers 303\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 CT Secondary Currents and Ratios 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Current Transformer Errors and Standards 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 IEEE C57.13 Metering Class Magnitude and Phase Errors 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Current Transformer Equivalent Circuit 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Magnetising Admittance Variation and CT Compensation Techniques 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Composite Error 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Instrument Security Factor for Metering CTs 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Protection Current Transformers 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Inter‐Turn Voltage Ratings 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Non‐Conventional Current Transformers 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11 Problems 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.12 Sources 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Energy Metering 351\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Metering Intervals 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 General Metering Analysis using Symmetrical Components 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Metering Errors 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Ratio Correction Factors 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Reactive Power Measurement Error 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Evaluation of the Overall Error for an Installation 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Commissioning and Auditing of Metering Installations 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Problems 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Sources 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Earthing Systems 391\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Effects of Electricity on the Human Body 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Residual Current Devices 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 LV Earthing Systems 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 LV Earthing Systems used Worldwide 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Medium Voltage Earthing Systems 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 High Voltage Earthing 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Exercise 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Problems (\u003ci\u003eEarthing Grid Design\u003c\/i\u003e) 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Sources 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Introduction to Power System Protection 437\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Fundamental Principles of Protection 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Protection Relays 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Primary and Backup Protection (Duplicate Protection) 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Protection Zones 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Overcurrent Protection 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Differential Protection 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Frame Leakage and Arc Flash Busbar Protection 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Distance Protection (Impedance Protection) 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Problems 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Sources 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Harmonics in Power Systems 477\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Measures of Harmonic Distortion 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Resolving a Non‐linear Current or Voltage into its Harmonic Components (Fourier Series) 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Harmonic Phase Sequences 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Triplen Harmonic Currents 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Harmonic Losses in Transformers 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Power Factor in the Presence of Harmonics 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Management of Harmonics 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Harmonic Standards 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Measurement of Harmonics 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Problems 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.11 Sources 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Operational Aspects of Power Engineering 521\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Device Numbers 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 One Line Diagram (OLD) 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Switchgear Topologies 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Switching Plans, Equipment Isolation and Permit to Work Procedures 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Electrical Safety 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Measurements with an Incorrectly Configured Multimeter 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Sources 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 553\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406948082007,"sku":"9781118924594","price":88.3,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118924594.jpg?v=1730497656"},{"product_id":"reliability-analysis-for-asset-management-of-electric-power-grids-9781119125174","title":"Reliability Analysis for Asset Management of","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA practical guide to facilitate statistically well-founded decisions in the management of assets of an electricity grid    Effective and economic electric grid asset management involves many complex decisions on repair, replacement and maintenance.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRobert Ross�s book gives a deep insight in useful statistical analysis methods for asset management practice. It covers all the basics and specific distributions in a structured and understandable way, before it sets out to give its insight into system and component reliability. I particularly liked the way the subject matter is structured in small and understandable topics. This way it�s easy to �pick and mix� throughout the different subject matters of the book to acquire the relevant knowledge. One of the other strong suits of the book is the application to real life asset and incident management. Robert links theory and practice together in a way which really shows the value of a statistical and reliability driven approach to asset management. - \u003cb\u003eMarcel Hooijmans, Sr. Specialist Asset Management, Stedin DSO, The Netherlands\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e This is a well-grounded book that is really good to read!  It is informative and accessible and something that would be suitable as a source book for a more general course on engineering statistics and not one specifically directed towards electric power grid assets. Overall the book develops a very solid statistical basis of use in engineering and, particularly reliability analysis.  I believe the book is of such general value that it could be used as part of a manufacturing engineering course with relative ease.  I think this should probably be on the bookcase of anyone working in asset management of utilities. The material is presented with a logical and paced approach, taking the reader through basic statistics to some quite advanced concepts. \u003cb\u003e- Professor Alistair Duffy, Professor of Electromagnetics and Director of the Institute of Engineering Sciences at De Montfort University, Leicester, UK\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Robert Ross creates a comprehensive interface between the statistical analysis and the Asset Management tasks and problems of the electric grid. Many practical examples give a clear and easy understanding of the different subjects�the book is suitable for a direct entry into the topic. Later it can also be used as a reference work, particularly regarding the synoptic tables. This makes the book ideal for students as well as for practical use by asset managers. - \u003cb\u003eDr. Horst Günter Bender, TenneT TSO GmbH, Germany\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e The book features ten chapters, with the main focus on the fundamentals of statistics. The way the book is written makes it possible to be used as supplement to lectures at universities about asset management because of the following points. Each chapter features an introductory paragraph and a section at the end with a summary of the topics covered by that chapter. Furthermore, each chapter provides exemplary questions and exercises which facilitate understanding of the chapter. Additionally, the author supports his argumentation with easily understandable practical examples from the field of electrical engineering. - \u003cb\u003eNicholas Hill, TU Braunschweig, Germany\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Anybody working in asset and incident management of electric power grids will greatly welcome this book if they want to understand and apply the mathematics used for assessing the reliability and availability of components and systems. The author makes a decisive step forward in presenting the knowledge and skills needed for analyzing failure data and constructing reliable systems. Throughout the book, readers can taste the thorough experience of Ross both as a practitioner and as a researcher in the field of reliability analysis. This makes the book a must-have for engineers, asset managers and risk managers who are interested in decision analysis for managing assets of electric power grids. - \u003cb\u003eRené Janssen, Associate Professor of Mathematics and Operations Research at the Netherlands Defence Academy\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols and Abbreviations xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion website xxix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Electric Power Grids 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Asset Management of Electric Power Grids 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Maintenance Styles 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Incident Management 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Summary 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Basics of Statistics and Probability 25\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Outcomes, Sample Space and Events 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Probability of Events 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Probability versus Statistical Distributions 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Fundamental Statistical Functions 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Mixed Distributions 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Multivariate Distributions and Power Law 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Summary 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Measures in Statistics 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Expected Values and Moments 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Median and Other Quantiles 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Mode 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Merits of Mean, Median and Modal Value 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Measures for Comparing Distributions 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Similarity of Distributions 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Compliance 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Summary 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Specific Distributions 101\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Fractions and Ranking 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Extreme Value Statistics 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Mean and Variance Statistics 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Frequency and Hit Statistics 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Summary 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Graphical Data Analysis \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e157\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Data Quality 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Model-Based or Parametric Graphs 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Weibull Plot 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Exponential Plot 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Normal Distribution 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Power Law Reliability Growth 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Summary 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Parameter Estimation \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 General Aspects with Parameter Estimation 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Maximum Likelihood Estimators 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Linear Regression 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Summary 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 System and Component Reliability \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 The Basics of System Reliability 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Block Diagrams 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Series Systems 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Parallel Systems and Redundancy 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Combined Series and Parallel Systems, Common Cause 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 EXTRA: Reliability and Expected Life of k-out-of-n Systems 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Analysis of Complex Systems 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Summary 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 System States, Reliability and Availability \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e291\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 States of Components and Systems 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 States and Transition Rates of One-Component Systems 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 System State Probabilities via Markov Chains 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Markov–Laplace Method for Reliability and Availability 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Lifetime with Absorbing States and Spare Parts 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Mean Lifetimes MTTFF and MTBF 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Availability and Steady-State Situations 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Summary 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Application to Asset and Incident Management \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e317\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Maintenance Styles 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Period-Based Maintenance Optimization for Lowest Costs 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Health Index 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Testing and Quality Assurance 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Incident Management (Determining End of Trouble) 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Miscellaneous Subjects \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e367\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Basics of Combinatorics 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Power Functions and Asymptotic Behaviour 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Regression Analysis 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Sampling from a Population and Simulations 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Hypothesis Testing 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Approximations for the Normal Distribution 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Power Series 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Power Series Times Density f (y) 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 Inequalities for Boxing R(y) and h(y) for Large y 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.4 Polynomial Expression for F(y) 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.5 Power Function for the Reliability Function R(y) 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.6 Wrap-up of Approximations 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A Weibull Plot 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B Laplace Transforms 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C Taylor Series 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix D SI Prefixes 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix E Greek Characters 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix F Standard Weibull and Exponential Distribution 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix G Standardized Normal Distribution 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix H Standardized Lognormal Distribution 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix I Gamma Function 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix J Plotting Positions 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 473\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406992515415,"sku":"9781119125174","price":71.06,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119125174.jpg?v=1730497812"},{"product_id":"modeling-and-modern-control-of-wind-power-9781119236269","title":"Modeling and Modern Control of Wind Power","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn essential reference to the modeling techniques of wind turbine systems for the application of advanced control methods This book covers the modeling of wind power and application of modern control methods to the wind power controlspecifically the models of type 3 and type 4 wind turbines. The modeling aspects will help readers to streamline the wind turbine and wind power plant modeling, and reduce the burden of power system simulations to investigate the impact of wind power on power systems. The use of modern control methods will help technology development, especially from the perspective of manufactures. Chapter coverage includes: status of wind power development, grid code requirements for wind power integration; modeling and control of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine generator (WTG); optimal control strategy for load reduction of full scale converter (FSC) WTG; clustering based WTG model linearization; adaptive control of wind turbines for maximum power poin\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the CompanionWebsite xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Status of Wind Power Technologies 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHaoran Zhao and Qiuwei Wu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Wind Power Development 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Wind Turbine Generator Technology 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Type 1 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Type 2 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Type 3 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Type 4 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Comparison 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.6 Challenges withWind Power Integration 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Conclusion 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Grid Code Requirements for Wind Power Integration 11\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eQiuwei Wu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Steady-state Operational Requirements 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Reactive Power and Power Factor Requirements 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Continuous Voltage Operating Range 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Frequency Operating Range and Frequency Response 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Power Quality 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Low-voltage Ride Through Requirement 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 LVRT Requirement in the UK 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 LVRT Requirement in Ireland 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 LVRT Requirement in Germany (Tennet TSO GmbH) 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 LVRT Requirement in Denmark 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 LVRT Requirement in Spain 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.6 LVRT Requirement in Sweden 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.7 LVRT Requirement in the USA 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.8 LVRT Requirement in Quebec and Alberta 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Conclusion 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Control of Doubly-fed Induction Generators for Wind Turbines 37\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGuojie Li and Lijun Hang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Principles of Doubly-fed Induction Generator 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 PQ Control of Doubly-fed Induction Generator 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Grid-side Converter 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Rotor-side converter 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Direct Torque Control of Doubly-fed Induction Generators 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Features of Direct Torque Control 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Application of Direct Torque Control in DFIGs 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Principle of Direct Torque Control in DFIG 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Low-voltage Ride Through of DFIGs 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Conclusions 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Optimal Control Strategies of Wind Turbines for Load Reduction 63\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShuju Hu and Bin Song\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The Dynamic Model of aWind Turbine 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Wind Conditions Model 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Aerodynamic Model 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Tower Model 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 DrivetrainModel 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Electrical Control Model 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6 Wind Turbine DynamicModel 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Wind Turbine Individual Pitch Control 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Control Implementation 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Linearization of theWind Turbine Model 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Controller Design 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Simulation Analysis 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Drivetrain Torsional Vibration Control 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 LQG Controller Design 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Simulation Analysis 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Conclusion 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Modeling of Full-scale Converter Wind Turbine Generator 85\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYongning Chi, Chao Liu, Xinshou Tian, Lei Shi, and Haiyan Tang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Operating Characteristics of FSC-WTGs 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 FSC-WTG Model 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Shaft Model 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Generator Model 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Full-scale Converter Model 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Full Scale Converter Control System 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Control System of Generator-side Converter 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Grid-side Converter Control System 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Grid-connected FSC-WTG Stability Control 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Transient Voltage Control of Grid-side Converter 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Additional DC Voltage Coupling Controller 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Simulations 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Conclusion 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Clustering-based Wind Turbine Generator Model Linearization 117\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHaoran Zhao and Qiuwei Wu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Operational Regions of Power-controlledWind Turbines 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 SimplifiedWind Turbine Model 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Aerodynamics 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Drivetrain 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Generator 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Tower 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Pitch Actuator 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Clustering-based IdentificationMethod 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Discrete-time PWA Modeling ofWind Turbines 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Identification of Aerodynamic Torque Ta 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Identification of Generator Torque Tg 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Identification of Thrust Force Ft 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Identification of Correction Factor Kc 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.5 Formulation of A′ d and B′ d 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.6 Region Construction through Intersection 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.7 PWA Model of aWind Turbine 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Case Study 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 LowWind Speed Case 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 HighWind Speed Case 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Conclusion 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Adaptive Control of Wind Turbines for Maximum Power Point Tracking 133\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHaoran Zhao and Qiuwei Wu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Hill-climbing Search Control 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Power Signal Feedback Control 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Tip-speed Ratio Control 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Generator Control System forWECSs 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Speed Reference Calculation 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Generator Torque Control 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Speed Control 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Design of óD1 Adaptive Controller 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Problem Formulation 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Architecture of the óD1 Adaptive Controller 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Closed-loop Reference System 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Design of óD1 Adaptive Controller Parameters 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Case Study 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Wind Speed Estimation 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 MPPT Performance 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Conclusion 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Distributed Model Predictive Active Power Control of Wind Farms 151\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHaoran Zhao and Qiuwei Wu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Wind Farm without Energy Storage 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Wind Farm Control Structure 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Load Evaluation of theWind Turbine 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 MPC Problem Formulation 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Standard QP Problem 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.5 Parallel Generalized Fast Dual Gradient Method 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Wind Farm Equipped with Energy Storage 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Wind Farm Control Structure 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Modelling of ESS Unit 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 MPC Problem Formulation 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Case Study 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Wind Farm Control based on D-MPC without ESS 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Wind Farm Control based on D-MPC with ESS 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Conclusion 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Model Predictive Voltage Control ofWind Power Plants 175\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHaoran Zhao and Qiuwei Wu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 MPC-basedWFVC 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Sensitivity Coefficient Calculation 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Voltage Sensitivity to Reactive Power 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Voltage Sensitivity to Tap Position 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Modeling ofWTGs and SVCs\/SVGs 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 WTG Modeling 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 SVC\/SVG Modeling 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 General Composite Model 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Coordination with OLTC 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Formulation of MPC Problem forWFVC 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Corrective Voltage Control Mode 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Preventive Voltage Control Mode 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Case Study 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.1 Scenario 1: Normal Operation 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.2 Scenario 2: Operation with Disturbances 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Conclusion 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Control of Wind Farm Clusters 193\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYan Li, Ningbo Wang, Linjun Wei, and Qiang Zhou\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Active Power and Frequency Control of Wind Farm Clusters 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Active Power Control Mode of Wind Farms 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Active Power Control Strategy of Wind Farm Cluster 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 AGC of Wind Farm Cluster 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Reactive Power and Voltage Control of Wind Farms 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Impact of Wind Farm on Reactive Power Margin of the System 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Reactive Voltage Control Measures for Wind Farms 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Reactive Voltage Control Strategy of Wind Farm Cluster 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Wind Farm AVC Design Scheme 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Conclusion 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Fault Ride Through Enhancement of VSC-HVDC Connected Offshore Wind Power Plants 215\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRanjan Sharma, Qiuwei Wu, Kim Høj Jensen, Tony Wederberg Rasmussen, and Jacob Østergaard\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Modeling and Control of VSC-HVDC-connected Offshore WPPs 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Modeling of VSC-HVDC-connected WPP with External Grid 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Modeling of VSC-HVDC-connected WPP 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Control of WPP-side VSC 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Feedforward DC Voltage Control based FRT Technique for VSC-HVDC-connected WPP 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Time-domain Simulation of FRT for VSC-HVDC-connected WPPs 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Test System for Case Studies 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Case Study 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Conclusions 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Power Oscillation Damping from VSC-HVDC-connected Offshore Wind Power Plants 233\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLorenzo Zeni\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 HVDC Connection of Offshore WPPs 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Power Oscillation Damping from Power Electronic Sources 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Modelling for Simulation 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 HVDC System 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Wind Power Plant 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Power System 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 POD from Power Electronic Sources 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Study Case 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 POD Controller 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Practical Considerations for Parameter Tuning 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Implementation on VSC-HVDC-connected WPPs 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Realization of POD Control 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Demonstration on Study Case 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Practical Considerations on Limiting Factors 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Conclusion 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgement 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 257\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407016042839,"sku":"9781119236269","price":109.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119236269.jpg?v=1730497885"},{"product_id":"modular-multilevel-converters-9781119366300","title":"Modular Multilevel Converters","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn invaluable academic reference for the area of high-power converters, covering all the latest developments in the field\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh-power multilevel converters are well known in industry and academia as one of the preferred choices for efficient power conversion. Over the past decade, several power converters have been developed and commercialized in the form of standard and customized products that power a wide range of industrial applications. Currently, the modular multilevel converter is a fast-growing technology and has received wide acceptance from both industry and academia. Providing adequate technical background for graduate- and undergraduate-level teaching, this book includes a comprehensive analysis of the conventional and advanced modular multilevel converters employed in motor drives, HVDC systems, and power quality improvement.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eModular Multilevel Converters: Analysis, Control, and Applications\u003c\/i\u003e provides an overview of high-power converters, refer\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout the Authors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcronyms xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymbols xxvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xli\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I General Aspects of Conventional mmc\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Review of High-Power Converters 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Overview of High-Power Converters 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Voltage Source Converters 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Neutral-Point Clamped Converter 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Active Neutral-Point Clamped Converter 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Flying Capacitor Converter 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Nested Neutral-Point Clamped Converter 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.5 Cascaded H-bridge Converter 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.6 Cascaded Neutral-Point Clamped Converter 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Current Source Converters 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Load-Commutated Current Source Converter 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 PWM Current Source Converter 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Matrix Converters 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Direct Matrix Converter 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Indirect Matrix Converter 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3 Multi-Modular Matrix Converter 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Modular Multilevel Converters 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Converter Technology 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2 Applications 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.3 Technical Challenges 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Summary 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Fundamentals of Modular Multilevel Converter 37\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Modular Multilevel Converter 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Converter Con guration 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Con guration of Submodules 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Comparison of Submodules 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Principle of Operation 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Pulse Width Modulation Schemes 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Phase-Shifted Carrier Modulation 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Level-Shifted Carrier Modulation 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Sampled Average Modulation 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Space Vector Modulation 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Staircase Modulation 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Summary 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Classical Control of Modular Multilevel Converter 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Overview of Classical Control Method 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Submodule Capacitor Voltage Control 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Leg Voltage Control 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Voltage Balance Strategy 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Output Current Control 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Reference Frame Theory 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Control of MMC with Passive Load 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Circulating Current Control 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Mathematical Model 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Control in Synchronous-dq Reference Frame 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Control in Stationary-abc Reference Frame 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Summary 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Model Predictive Control of Modular Multilevel Converter 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Mathematical Model of mmc 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Continuous-Time Model 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Discretization Methods 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Discrete-Time Model 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Extrapolation Techniques 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Vector Angle Extrapolation 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Lagrange Extrapolation 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Cost Function and Weight factors 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Formulation of Cost Function 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Selection of Weight Factors 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Direct Model Predictive Control 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Design Procedure 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Control Algorithm 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Indirect Model Predictive Control 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Design Procedure 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Control Algorithm 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Summary 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Advanced Modular Multilevel Converters\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Passive Cross-Connected Modular Multilevel Converters 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Passive Cross-Connected mmc 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Con guration of Power Circuit 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Switching States and Output Voltage 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Principle of Operation 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Modeling of PC-MMC 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Phase-Shifted Carrier Modulation for PC-MMC 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Low\/Zero Frequency Operation of PC-MMC 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Equivalent Circuit 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Design of Cross-Connected Capacitor 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Submodule Capacitor Voltage Ripple 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Common-Mode Voltage 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Classical Control of PC-MMC 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Output Current Control 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Submodule Capacitor Voltage Control 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Synthesis of Modulation Signals 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Summary 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Active Cross-Connected Modular Multilevel Converters 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Active Cross-Connected mmc 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Circuit Con guration of AC-MMC 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Switching States and Output Voltage 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Principles of Operation 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Modeling of AC-MMC 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Phase-Shifted Carrier Modulation for AC-MMC 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Low-Frequency Operation of AC-MMC 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Equivalent Circuit 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Submodule Capacitor Voltage Ripple 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Common-Mode Voltage 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Current Stress on Semiconductor Devices 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Classical Control of AC-MMC 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Output Current Control 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Submodule Capacitor Voltage Control 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Synthesis of Modulation Signals 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Summary 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Star and Delta-Channel Modular Multilevel Converters 195\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Star-Channel Modular Multilevel Converter 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Circuit Con guration of Star-Channel mmc 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Switching States and Output Voltage 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Principles of Operation 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Modeling of Star-Channel mmc 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Phase-Shifted Carrier Modulation for Star-Channel mmc 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Low-Frequency Operation of Star-Channel mmc 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Equivalent Circuit 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Submodule Capacitor Voltage Ripple 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Common-Mode Voltage 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Classical Control of Star-Channel mmc 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Output Current Control 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Submodule Capacitor Voltage Control 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Synthesis of Modulation Signals 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Delta-Channel Modular Multilevel Converter 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Comparison of Advanced Modular Multilevel Converters 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Summary 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Applications of Modular Multilevel Converters\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Modular Multilevel Converter Based Medium-Voltage Motor Drives 231\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Fundamentals of MMC-Based Motor Drive 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 System Con gurations 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Control Schemes 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Voltage-Oriented Control of Grid-Side mmc 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Principle of voltage orientation 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Implementation of PLL 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Block diagram of VOC 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Indirect Field-Oriented Control of Motor-side mmc 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Principle of Field Orientation 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Rotor Flux Vector Estimator 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Block diagram of IFOC approach 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Low-Speed Operation of MMC-based Motor Drive 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Analysis of Submodule Capacitor Voltage Ripple 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Analysis of MMC with High-Frequency Voltage and Current Injection 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Estimation of High-Frequency Voltage and Current Magnitude 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 Minimization of Submodule Capacitor Voltage Ripple 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Common-Mode Voltage Issues and Blocking Schemes 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 De nition of Common-Mode Voltage 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Blocking of Common-Mode Voltage 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Transformer-less MMC-based Motor Drive 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Summary 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Role of Modular Multilevel Converters In The Power System 271\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 MMC-Based HVDC Transmission Systems 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Two-Terminal System 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Multi-Terminal System 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 DC-Side Short-Circuit Fault Protection 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 HVDC Circuit Breakers 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Control of Two-Terminal MMC-Based HVDC System 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Sending-End Converter Control 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Receiving-End Converter Control 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Control of Multi-Terminal MMC-Based HVDC System 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Voltage Margin Control Scheme 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Voltage Droop Control Scheme 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 MMC-based Static Synchronous Compensator 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 System Con guration 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Reactive Power Compensation 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Compensation of Unbalanced AC-Grid Currents 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 MMC-based Uni ed Power Quality Conditioner 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Summary 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A MATLAB Demo Projects 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 313\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407038947671,"sku":"9781119366300","price":102.56,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119366300.jpg?v=1730497965"},{"product_id":"applications-of-modern-heuristic-optimization-methods-in-power-and-energy-systems-9781119602293","title":"Applications of Modern Heuristic Optimization","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReviews state-of-the-art technologies in modern heuristic optimization techniques and presents case studies showing how they have been applied in complex power and energy systems problems  Written by a team of international experts, this book describes the use of metaheuristic applications in the analysis and design of electric power systems. This includes a discussion of optimum energy and commitment of generation (nonrenewable \u0026amp; renewable) and load resources during day-to-day operations and control activities in regulated and competitive market structures, along with transmission and distribution systems. Applications of Modern Heuristic Optimization Methods in Power and Energy Systems begins with an introduction and overview of applications in power and energy systems before moving on to planning and operation, control, and distribution. Further chapters cover the integration of renewable energy and the smart grid and electricity markets. The book finishes with final conclusions dra\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContributors xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Figures xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Tables xxxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Background 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Evolutionary Computation: A Successful Branch of CI 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Genetic Algorithm 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Evolution Strategies and Evolutionary Programming 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Simulated Annealing 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Particle Swarm Optimization 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.6 Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.7 Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.8 Particle Swarm Optimization Variants 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.9 Artificial Bee Colony 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.10 Tabu Search 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eOverview Of Applications In Power And Energy Systems 21\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Applications to Power Systems 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Unit Commitment 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Economic Dispatch 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Forecasting in Power Systems 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.4 Other Applications in Power Systems 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Smart Grid Application Competition Series 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Problem Description 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Best Algorithms and Ranks 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Further Information and How to Download 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003ePower System Planning And Operation 39\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Unit Commitment 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Introduction 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Problem Formulation 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Advancement in UCP Formulations and Models 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Solution Methodologies, State-of-the-Art, History, and Evolution 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Conclusions 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Economic Dispatch Based on Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Introduction 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Fundamentals of Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Economic Dispatch Problem 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 GA Implementation to ED 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 PSO Implementation to ED 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.6 Numerical Example 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.7 Conclusions 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Differential Evolution in Active Power Multi-Objective Optimal Dispatch 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Introduction 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Differential Evolution for Multi-Objective Optimization 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Multi-Objective Model of Active Power Optimization for Wind Power Integrated Systems 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Case Studies 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Analyses of Dispatch Plan 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.6 Conclusions 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Hydrothermal Coordination 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Introduction 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Hydrothermal Coordination Formulation 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Problem Decomposition 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Case Studies 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.5 Conclusions 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Meta-Heuristic Method for Gms Based on Genetic Algorithm 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 History 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Meta-heuristic Search Method 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Flexible GMS 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 User-Friendly GMS System 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.5 Conclusion 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Load Flow 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Introduction 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Load Flow Analysis in Electrical Power Systems 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.3 Particle Swarm Optimization and Mutation Operation 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.4 Load Flow Computation via Particle Swarm Optimization with Mutation Operation 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.5 Numerical Results 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.6 Conclusions 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Solving Optimal Power Flow 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.1 Optimization in Power System Operation 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.2 The Optimal Power Flow Problem 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.3 Artificial Bee Colony 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.4 ABC for the OPF Problem 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.5 Case Studies 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.6 Conclusions 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 OPF Test Bed and Performance Evaluation of Modern Heuristic Optimization 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.1 Introduction 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.2 Problem Definition 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.3 OPF Test Systems 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.4 Differential Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization: DEEPSO 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.5 Enhanced Version of Mean–Variance Mapping Optimization Algorithm: MVMO-PHM 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.6 Evaluation Results 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.7 Conclusions 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Transmission System Expansion Planning 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.1 Introduction 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.2 Transmission System Expansion Planning Models 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.3 Mathematical Modeling 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.4 Challenges 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.5 Application of Meta-heuristics to TEP 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.6 Conclusions 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Conclusion 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003ePower System And Power Plant Control 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Load Frequency Control – Optimization and Stability 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Introduction 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Load Frequency Control 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Components of Active Power Control System 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Designing LFC Structure for an Interconnected Power System 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Parameter Optimization and System Performance 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6 System Stability in the Presence of Communication Delay 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.7 Conclusions 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Control of Facts Devices 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Introduction 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Role of FACTS 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Static Modeling of FACTS devices 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Power Flow Control using FACTS 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Optimal Power Flow Using Suitability FACTS devices 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 Use of Particle Swarm Optimization 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.7 Conclusions 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Hybrid of Analytical and Heuristic Techniques for facts Devices 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Introduction 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Heuristic Algorithms 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 SVC and Voltage Instability Improvement 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 FACTS Devices and Angle Stability Improvement 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.5 Selection of Supplementary Input Signals for Damping Inter-area Oscillations 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.6 TCSC and Improvement of Total Transfer Capability 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.7 Conclusions 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Power System Automation 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Introduction 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Application of PSO on Power System’s Corrective Control 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Genetic Algorithm-aided DTs for Load Shedding 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Power System-Controlled Islanding 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5 Application of the method on the IEEE – 30 buses test system 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.6 Application of the method on the IEEE – 118 buses test system 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.7 Conclusions 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.8 Appendix 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Power Plant Control 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Introduction 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Coal Mill Modeling 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Reheater Steam Temperature 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Multi-objective Optimization of Boiler Combustion System 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.5 Conclusions 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Predictive Control in Large-Scale Power Plant 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Introduction 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Performance Prediction Model Development Based on NARMA Model 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4 Design of Intelligent MPOC Scheme 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.5 Control Simulation Tests 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.6 Conclusions 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Conclusion 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eDistribution System 381\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Active Distribution Network Planning 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Introduction 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Problem Formulation 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Overview of the Solution Techniques for Distribution Network Planning 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Genetic Algorithm Solution to Active Distribution Network Planning Problem 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.5 Numerical Results 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.6 Conclusions 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Optimal Selection of Distribution System Architecture 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Introduction 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Deterministic Optimization Techniques 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Stochastic Optimization Techniques 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Multi-Objective Optimization 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Mathematical Modeling for Power System Components 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.6 AC\/DC Power Flow in Hybrid Networks 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.7 Pareto-Based Multi-Objective Optimization Problem 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Conservation Voltage Reduction Planning 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Introduction 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Conservation Voltage Reduction 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 CVR Based on PSO 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 CVR Based on AHP 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.5 Case Studies for CVR in Korean Power System 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.6 Conclusion 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Dynamic Distribution Network Expansion Planning with Demand Side Management 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Introduction 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Expansion Options 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Problem Formulation 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4 Optimization Algorithm 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.5 Case Studies 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.6 Conclusions 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 GA-Guided Trust-Tech Methodology for Capacitor Placement in Distribution Systems 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Introduction 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Overview of the Trust-Tech Method 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Computing Tier-One Local Optimal Solutions 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4 The GA-Guided Trust-Tech Method 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.5 Applications to Capacitor Placement Problems 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.6 Numerical Study 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.7 Conclusions 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Network Reconfiguration 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Introduction 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Modern Distribution Systems: A Concept 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Distribution System Reconfiguration 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.4 Distribution System Service Restoration 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.5 Multi-Agent System for Distribution System Reconfiguration 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.6 Conclusions 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Distribution System Restoration 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.1 Introduction 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.2 Power System Restoration Process 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Group-based PSO for System Restoration 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1 Introduction 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.2 Group-Based PSO Method 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.3 Overview of the Service Restoration Problem 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.4 Application to the Service Restoration Problem 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.5 Numerical Results 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.6 Conclusions 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 MVMO for Parameter Identification of Dynamic Equivalents for Active Distribution Networks 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.1 Introduction 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.2 Active Distribution System 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.3 Need for Aggregation and the Concept of Dynamic Equivalents 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.4 Proposed Approach with MVMO 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.5 Adaptation of MVMO for Identification Problem 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.6 Case Study 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.7 Application to Test Case 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.8 Analysis 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.9 Reflections 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.10 Conclusions 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Parameter Estimation of Circuit Model for Distribution Transformers 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.1 Introduction 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.2 Transformer Winding Equivalent Circuit 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.3 Signal Comparison Indicators 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.4 Coefficients Estimation Using Heuristic Optimization 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.5 Coefficients Estimation Results and Conclusion 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.6 Conclusions 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntegration Of Renewable Energy In Smart Grid 613\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Renewable Energy Sources 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Renewable Energy Sources Management Overview 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Energy Resource Scheduling – Problem Formulation 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Energy Resources Scheduling – Particle Swarm Optimization 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Energy Resources Scheduling – Simulated Annealing 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Practical Case Study 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.6 Appendix 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.7 Conclusions 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Operation and Control of Smart Grid 635\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Introduction 635\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Problems for Systems Configuration or Systems Design 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Systems Operation and Systems Control 638\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 System’s Management 640\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Conclusion 645\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Compliance of Reactive Power Requirements in Wind Power Plants 645\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Introduction 645\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Problem Definition 646\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 NN-Based Wind Speed Forecasting Method 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Mean Variance Mapping Optimization Algorithm 650\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.5 Case Studies 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.6 Conclusions 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Photovoltaic Controller Design 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Introduction 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Maximum Power Point Tracking in PV System 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Particle Swarm Optimization 674\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Application of Particle Swarm Optimization in MPPT 674\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.5 Illustration of PSO Technique for MPPT During Different Irradiance Conditions 676\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.6 Conclusion 678\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Demand Side Management and Demand Response 680\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Introduction 680\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Methodology for Consumption Shifting and Generation Scheduling 683\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Quantum PSO 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4 Numeric Example 687\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.5 Conclusions 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 EPSO-Based Solar Power Forecasting 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1 Introduction 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2 General Radial Basis Function Network 693\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.3 \u003ci\u003ek\u003c\/i\u003e-Means 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.4 Deterministic Annealing Clustering 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.5 Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.6 Hybrid Intelligent Method 698\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.7 Case Studies 699\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.8 Conclusion 704\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Load Demand and Solar Generation Forecast for PV Integrated Smart Buildings 704\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Introduction 704\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 Literature Review of Forecasting Techniques 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.3 Ensemble Forecast Methodology for Load Demand and PV Output Power 717\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.4 Numerical Results and Discussion 722\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.5 Conclusions 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Multi-Objective Planning of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations 729\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.1 Introduction 729\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.2 Multi-Objective Electric Vehicle Charging Station Layout Planning Model 730\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.3 An Improved SPEA2 for Solving EVCSLP Problem 733\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.4 Case Study 737\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.5 Conclusion 740\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Dispatch Modeling Incorporating Maneuver Components, Wind Power, and Electric Vehicles 741\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.1 Introduction 741\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2 Proposed Economic Dispatch Formulation 743\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.3 Population-Based Optimization Algorithms 751\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.4 Test System and Results Analysis 753\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.5 Conclusion 756\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Conclusions 757\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 757\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eElectricity Markets 775\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 775\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Bidding Strategies 777\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Introduction 777\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Context Analysis 779\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Strategic Bidding 780\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Market Analysis and Clearing 781\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Introduction 781\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Electricity Market Simulators 782\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Didactic Example 785\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Electricity Market Forecasting 793\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Introduction 793\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Artificial Neural Networks for Electricity Market Price Forecasting 794\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Support Vector Machines for Electricity Market Price Forecasting 795\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Illustrative Results 796\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Simultaneous Bidding of V2G In Ancillary Service Markets Using Fuzzy Optimization 798\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Introduction 798\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Fuzzy Optimization 799\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 FO-based Simultaneous Bidding of Ancillary Services Using V2G 801\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 Case Study 806\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.5 Results and Discussions 807\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.6 Conclusion 811\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Conclusions 812\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 812\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 819\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407096947031,"sku":"9781119602293","price":116.06,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119602293.jpg?v=1730498166"},{"product_id":"stepbystep-design-of-largescale-photovoltaic-power-plants-9781119736561","title":"StepbyStep Design of LargeScale Photovoltaic","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow to design a solar power plant, from start to finish\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eStep-by-Step Design of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants,\u003c\/i\u003e a team of distinguished engineers delivers a comprehensive reference on PV power plantsand their designfor specialists, experts, and academics. Written in three parts, the book covers the detailed theoretical knowledge required to properly design a PV power plant. It goes on to explore the step-by-step requirements for creating a real-world PV power plant, including parts and components design, mathematical formulations and calculations, analyses, evaluations, and planning.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book concludes with a discussion of a sample solar plant design, as well as tips on how to avoid common design mistakes, and how to handle the operation and maintenance of PV power plants.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eStep-by-Step Design of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants\u003c\/i\u003e also includes: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eThorough introductions to the basic requirements of design, economic analyses, and invest\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePREFACE                                                                                                                                                                        \u003cbr\u003eACKNOWLEDGMENTS                                                                                                                                  \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eACRONYMS                                                                                                                                                               \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSYMBOLS                                                                         \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Solar Energy 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Diverse Solar Energy Applications 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Solar Thermal Power Plant 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 PV Thermal Hybrid Power Plants 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 PV Power Plant 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Global PV Power Plants 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Perspective of PV Power Plants 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 A Review on the Design of Large-Scale PV Power Plant 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Outline of the Book 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Design Requirements 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Overview 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Development Phases 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Concept Development and Site Identification 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Prefeasibility Study 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Feasibility Study 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Permitting, Financing and Contracts 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Detailed Design and Engineering 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 Construction 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.7 Commercial Operation 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Project Predesign 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Project Detailed Design 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 The Main Components Required for Realizing an LS-PVPP 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 PV Panels (PV Module) 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Solar Inverter 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Photovoltaic Mounting Systems (Solar Module Racking) 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 DC Cable 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.5 DC Combiner Box 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.6 DC Protection System 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.7 AC Combiner Box 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.8 Low-Voltage Switchgear 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.9 Transformers 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.10 Medium-Voltage Switchgear 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.11 LV and MV AC Cables 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.12 AC Protection Devices 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 An Overview of PV Technologies 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Background on Solar Cell 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Types and Classifications 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Solar Inverter Topologies Overview 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Central Inverter 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2 String Inverter 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.3 Multi-string Inverter29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.4 Micro-Inverter 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Solar Panel Mounting 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Solar Panel Tilt 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Solar Tracking System 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1 One-Axis Tracker 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1.1 North–South Horizontal-Axis Tracking 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1.2 Polar Tracking 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1.3 East–West Horizontal-Axis Tracking 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1.4 Azimuthal-Axis Tracking 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.2 Two-Axis Tracker 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.3 Driving Motor 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.4 Solar Tracker Control 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Feasibility Studies 35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Preliminary Feasibility Studies 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Technical Feasibility Study 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Site Selection 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.1 Amount of Sunlight 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.2 Land Area and Geometry 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.3 Climate Conditions 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.4 Site Access to Power Grid 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.5 Site Road Access 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.6 Site Topography 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.7 Land Geotechnics and Seismicity 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.8 Drainage, Seasonal Flooding 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.9 Land Use and Legal Permits 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.10 Air Pollution and Suspended Solid Particles 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.11 Geopolitical Risk 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.12 Financial Incentives 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Annual Electricity Production 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Equipment Technical Specifications 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Execution and Construction Processes 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Site Plan 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Environmental Feasibility 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Social Feasibility 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Economic Feasibility 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Financial Model Inputs 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Financial Model Results 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Financial and Economic Indicators 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 Financial Indicators 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4.1 Net Present Value 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4.2 Internal Rate of Return 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4.3 Investment Return Period 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4.4 Break Even Point 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Timing Feasibility 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Summary 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Grid Connection Studies 53\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Introducing Topics of Grid Connection Studies 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Load Flow Studies 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Contingency (N-1) 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Three-phase and Single-phase Short Circuit Studies 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Grounding System Studies 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Network Protection Studies 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6 Power Quality Studies 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.7 Stability Studies 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Modeling of Grid and PV Power Plants 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Background Information Required for Modeling 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Simulation of PV Plant and Network 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Load Flow Studies Before and After PV Plant Connection 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Contingency (N-1) Studies Before and After PV Plant Connection 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Three-phase Short Circuit Studies 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 Power Quality Studies 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.7 Sustainability Studies 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.8 Investigating Additional Parameters for Grid Connection Studies 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Summary 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Solar Resource and Irradiance 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Radiometric Terms 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Extraterrestrial Irradiance 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Solar Geometry 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Solar Radiation and Earth’s Atmosphere 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Solar Resources 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Satellite Solar Data 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Radiation Measurement 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Solar Energy Radiation on Panels 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Solar Azimuth and Altitude Angle 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Tilt Angle and Orientation 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Shadow Distances and Row Spacing 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Sun Path 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Shadow Calculations for Fixed PV Systems 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Shadow Calculations for Single-Axis Tracking PV Systems) Horizontal E–W Tracking Axis) 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Large-Scale PV Plant Design Overview 101                                                                                                       \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Classification of LSPVPP Engineering Documents 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Part 1: Feasibility Study 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Part 2: Basic Design 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Part 3: Detailed Design and Shop Drawing 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Part 4: As-Built and Final Documentation 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Roadmap Proposal for LSPVPP Design 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Project Definition 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Collecting General Information 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Collecting Information By Site Visit 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Limitations and Obstacles Identification 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 PV Module and Inverter Selection111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.6 String Size Calculations 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.7 Solar PV Mounting Structure Selection 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.8 Tilt Angle Calculation 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.9 Calculations of Far and Near Shading 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.10 Optimization Process 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.11 Energy Balance and Value Engineering 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.12 Optimal Transformer Size 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.13 General SLD and Layout 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.14 Detailed Design 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.15 Electrical Parameters and Value Engineering 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.16 Preparing Final Documents 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Conclusion 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 PV Power Plant DC Side Design 119\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 DC Side Design Methodology 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 PV Modules Selection 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Module Technology 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 PV Module Size 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Selection Criteria 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Inverter Selection 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Inverter Topologies 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1.1 Micro Inverter 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1.2 Multi-string Inverter 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1.3 String Inverter 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1.4 Central Inverter 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1.5 Virtual Central Inverter 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Comparison of Inverter Topologies 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 PV Modules Number 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Method 1 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1.1 Minimum String Size 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1.2 Maximum String Size 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1.3 Determining Maximum Current of a PV Module 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1.4 Determining Number of Inverters 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Method 2 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Size of PV Plant DC Side 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 DC Cables 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Criteria 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 DC Cables Cross Section 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.1 Current Capacity 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.2 Voltage Drop 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.3 Power Loss 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.4 Short-circuit Current 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 DC Box Combiner 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 String Diode 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Fuse 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.1 Rated Voltage 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.2 Rated Current 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.3 Fuse Testing 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.4 Melting Time 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Surge Arrester 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 DC Switch 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13 Conclusion 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 PV System Losses and Energy Yield\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1. Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2. PV System Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1. Sunlight Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.1. Array Incidence Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.2. Soiling Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.3. Dust Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.4. Snow Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2. Sunlight into DC Electricity Conversion\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.1. Temperature-r Related Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.2. Shading Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.3. Low Irradiance\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.4. Module Quality\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.5. Light-Induced Degradation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.6. Potential-Induced Degradation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.7. Manufacturing Module Mismatch\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.8. Degradation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3. DC to AC Conversion Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.1. Inverter Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.2. MPPT Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.3. Tracking Curtailment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.4. PV Plant DC Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4. PV Plant AC Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.1. AC Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.2. Auxiliary Power Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.3. Downtime and Unavailability\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.4. Grid Compliance Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3. Energy Yield Prediction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1. Irradiation on Modules\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2. PV Plant Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3. Performance Modeling\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4. Uncertainty in Energy Yield\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5. Performance Ratio\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.6. Capacity Factor\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4. Conclusion\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407134007639,"sku":"9781119736561","price":101.66,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119736561.jpg?v=1730498299"},{"product_id":"control-of-power-electronic-converters-with-microgrid-applications-9781119815433","title":"Control of Power Electronic Converters with","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eControl of Power Electronic Converters with Microgrid Applications Discover a systematic approach to design controllers for power electronic converters and circuits In Control of Power Electronic Converters with Microgrid Applications, distinguished academics and authors Drs. Arindam Ghosh and Firuz Zare deliver a systematic exploration of design controllers for power electronic converters and circuits. The book offers readers the knowledge necessary to effectively design intelligent control mechanisms. It covers the theoretical requirements, like advanced control theories and the analysis and conditioning of AC signals as well as controller development and control. The authors provide readers with discussions of custom power devices, as well as both DC and AC microgrids. They also discuss the harmonic issues that are crucial in this area, as well as harmonic standardization. The book addresses a widespread lack of understanding in the control philosophy that can lead to a stable opera\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthor Biographies xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction to Power Electronics 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Power Converter Modes of Operation 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Power Converter Topologies 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Harmonics and Filters 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Power Converter Operating Conditions, Modelling, and Control 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Control of Power Electronic Systems 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Open-loop Versus Closed-loop Control 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2 Nonlinear Systems 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.3 Piecewise Linear Systems 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Power Distribution Systems 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Concluding Remarks 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Analysis of AC Signals 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Symmetrical Components 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Voltage Unbalanced Factor (VUF) 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Real and Reactive Power 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Instantaneous Symmetrical Components 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Estimating Symmetrical Components from Instantaneous Measurements 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Instantaneous Real and Reactive Power 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Harmonics 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Clarke and Park Transforms 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Clarke Transform 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Park Transform 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Real and Reactive Power 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Analyzing a Three-phase Circuit 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.5 Relation Between Clarke and Park Transforms 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Phase Locked Loop (PLL) 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Three-phase PLL System 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 PLL for Unbalanced System 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Frequency Estimation of Balanced Signal Using αβ Components 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Concluding Remarks 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes and References 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Review of SISO Control Systems 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Transfer Function and Time Response 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Steady State Error and DC Gain 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 System Damping and Stability 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Shaping a Second-order Response 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.4 Step Response of First- and Higher-order Systems 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Routh–Hurwitz’s Stability Test 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Root Locus 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Number of Branches and Terminal Points 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Real Axis Locus 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Breakaway and Break-in Points 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 PID Control 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 PI Controller 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 PD Controller 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Tuning of PID Controllers 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Frequency Response Methods 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Bode Plot 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Nyquist (Polar) Plot 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Nyquist Stability Criterion 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Relative Stability 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Phase and Gain Margins 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Bandwidth 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Compensator Design 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Lead Compensator 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Lag Compensator 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.3 Lead–lag Compensator 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Discrete-time Control 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.1 Discrete-time Representation 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.2 The z-transform 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.3 Transformation from Continuous Time to Discrete Time 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.4 Mapping s-Plane into z-Plane 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.5 Difference Equation and Transfer Function 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.6 Digital PID Control 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Concluding Remarks 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes and References 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Power Electronic Control Design Challenges 123\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Analysis of Buck Converter 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Designing a Buck Converter 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 The Need for a Controller 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Dynamic State of a Power Converter 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Averaging Method 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.5 Small Signal Model of Buck Converter 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.6 Transfer Function of Buck Converter 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.7 Control of Buck Converter 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Transfer Function of Boost Converter 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Control of Boost Converter 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Two-loop Control of Boost Converter 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Some Practical Issues 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Concluding Remarks 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes and References 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 State Space Analysis and Design 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 State Space Representation of Linear Systems 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Continuous-time Systems 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Discrete-time Systems 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Solution of State Equation of a Continuous-time System 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 State Transition Matrix 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Properties of State Transition Matrix 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 State Transition Equation 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Solution of State Equation of a Discrete-time System 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 State Transition Matrix 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Computation of State Transition Matrix 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Discretization of a Continuous-time System 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Relation Between State Space Form and Transfer Function 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Continuous-time System 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Discrete-time System 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Eigenvalues 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Eigenvectors 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Diagonalization of a Matrix Using Similarity Transform 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Matrix with Distinct Eigenvalues 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Matrix with Repeated Eigenvalues 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Controllability of LTI Systems 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Implication of Cayley–Hamilton Theorem 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Controllability Test Condition 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Observability of LTI Systems 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Pole Placement Through State Feedback 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1 Pole Placement with Integral Action 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.2 Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.3 Discrete-time State Feedback with Integral Control 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Observer Design (Full Order) 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.1 Separation Principle 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Control of DC-DC Converter 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.1 Steady State Calculation 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.2 Linearized Model of a Boost Converter 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.3 State Feedback Control of a Boost Converter 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12 Concluding Remarks 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes and References 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Discrete-time Control 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Minimum Variance (MV) Prediction and Control 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Discrete-time Models for SISO Systems 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 MV Prediction 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 MV Control Law 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.4 One-step-ahead Control 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Pole Placement Controller 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Pole Shift Control 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Simplified GPC Computation 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Adaptive Control 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Least-squares Estimation 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Matrix Inversion Lemma 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Recursive Least-squares (RLS) Identification 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Bias and Consistency 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Self-tuning Controller 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 MV Self-tuning Control 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Pole Shift Self-tuning Control 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Self-tuning Control of Boost Converter 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Concluding Remarks 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes and References 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 DC-AC Converter Modulation Techniques 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Single-phase Bridge Converter 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Hysteresis Current Control 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Bipolar Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Unipolar Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 SPWM of Three-phase Bridge Converter 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Space Vector Modulation (SVM) 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Calculation of Space Vectors 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Common Mode Voltage 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Timing Calculations 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 An Alternate Method for Timing Calculations 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Sequencing of Space Vectors 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 SPWM with Third Harmonic Injection 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Multilevel Converters 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Diode-clamped Multilevel Converter 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Switching States of Diode-clamped Multilevel Converters 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Flying Capacitor Multilevel Converter 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 Cascaded Multilevel Converter 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.5 Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.6 PWM of Multilevel Converters 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Concluding Remarks 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes and References 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Control of DC-AC Converters 311\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Filter Structure and Design 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Filter Design 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Filter with Passive Damping 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 State Feedback Based PWM Voltage Control 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 HPF-based Control Design 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Observer-based Current Estimation 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 State Feedback Based SVPWM Voltage Control 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Sliding Mode Control 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Sliding Mode Voltage Control 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 State Feedback Current Control 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Output Feedback Current Control 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Concluding Remarks 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes and References 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 VSC Applications in Custom Power 341\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 DSTATCOM in Voltage Control Mode 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Discrete-time PWM State Feedback Control 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Discrete-time Output Feedback PWM Control 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Voltage Control Using Four-leg Converter 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.4 The Effect of System Frequency 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.5 Power Factor Correction 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Load Compensation 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Classical Load Compensation Technique 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Load Compensation Using VSC 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Other Custom Power Devices 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Concluding Remarks 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes and References 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Microgrids 377\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Operating Modes of a Converter 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Grid Forming Converters 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 PI Control in dq-domain 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 State Feedback Control in dq-domain 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Grid Feeding Converters 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Grid Supporting Converters for Islanded Operation of Microgrids 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Active and Reactive Over a Feeder 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Inductive Grid 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Resistive Grid 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Consideration of Line Impedances 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.5 Virtual Impedance 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.6 Inclusion of Nondispatchable Sources 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.7 Angle Droop Control 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Grid-connected Operation of Microgrid 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 DC Microgrids 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 P-V Droop Control 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 The Effect of Line Resistances 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 I-V Droop Control 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.4 DCMG Operation with DC-DC Converters 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Integrated AC-DC System 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Dual Active Bridge (DAB) 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 AC Utility Connected DCMG 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Control Hierarchies of Microgrids 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.1 Primary Control 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.2 Secondary Control 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.3 Tertiary Control 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Smart Distribution Networks: Networked Microgrids 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.1 Interconnection of Networked Microgrids 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Microgrids in Cluster 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.1 The Concept of Power Exchange Highway (PEH) 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.2 Operation of DC Power Exchange Highway (DC-PEH) 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.3 Overload Detection and Surplus Power Calculation 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.4 Operation of DC-PEH 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.5 Dynamic Droop Gain Selection 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Concluding Remarks 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes and References 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Harmonics in Electrical and Electronic Systems 465\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Harmonics and Interharmonics 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 High-frequency Harmonics (2–150 kHz) 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 EMI in the Frequency Range of 150 kHz–30 MHz 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Common Mode and Differential Mode Harmonics and Noises 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4 Stiff and Weak Grids 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Power Quality Factors and Definitions 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Harmonic Distortion 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Power and Displacement Factors 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Harmonics Generated by Power Electronics in Power Systems 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Harmonic Analysis at a Load Side (a Three-phase Inverter) 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Harmonic Analysis at a Grid Side (a Three-phase Rectifier) 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Harmonic Analysis at Grid Side (Single-phase Rectifier with and without PF Correction System) 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Harmonic Analysis at Grid Side (AFE) 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Power Quality Regulations and Standards 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 IEEE Standards 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 IEEE 519 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 IEEE 1547 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4 IEEE 1662-2008 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.5 IEEE 1826-2012 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.6 IEEE 1709-2010 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.7 IEC Standards 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Concluding Remarks 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes and References 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 501\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407161008471,"sku":"9781119815433","price":91.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119815433.jpg?v=1730498384"},{"product_id":"electric-power-and-energy-distribution-systems-9781119838258","title":"Electric Power and Energy Distribution Systems","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eBiography xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganization of the Book xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xxvi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Prologue 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 The Past 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The Present 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 The Future 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 New Developments 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Epilogue 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 The Electric Power System 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Distribution System Devices 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1 Substation Devices 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1.1 Power Transformers 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1.2 Switchgear 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1.3 Compensating Devices 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1.4 Protection Equipment 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1.5 Control and Monitoring Devices 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.2 Primary System Components 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.2.1 Feeders and Laterals 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.2.2 Switches 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.2.3 Compensating Devices 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.2.4 Protection Equipment 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.2.5 Control and Monitoring Devices 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.2.6 Distribution Transformers 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.2.7 Types of Primary Systems 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.3 Secondary System Components 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Frequently Asked Questions on Distribution Systems 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Distribution System Transformers \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e13\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Definition 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Types of Distribution Transformers 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Overhead Transformers 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Underground Transformers 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Standards 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Loading of Transformers 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Types of Cooling 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.1 OA – Oil-Immersed Self-Cooled 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.2 OA\/FA – Oil-Immersed Self-Cooled\/Forced-Air Cooled 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.3 OA\/FA\/FOA – Oil-immersed Self-Cooled\/Forced-Air Cooled\/Forced-Oil Forced-Air Cooled 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.4 FOA – Oil-Immersed Forced-Oil Cooled with Forced-Air Cooled 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.5 OW– Oil-ImmersedWater Cooled 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.6 FOW– Oil-Immersed Forced-Oil Cooled with Forced-Water Cooled 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.7 AA – Dry-Type Self-cooled 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.8 AFA – Dry-Type Forced-Air Cooled 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.9 AA\/FA – Dry-Type Self-cooled\/Forced-Air Cooled 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Terminal Markings and Polarity 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Insulation Class 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Single-Phase Transformer 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Model for a Single-Phase Transformer 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Performance Analysis 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Regulation 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Taps 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Distribution Transformer Connections 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Example 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Parallel Operation of Three-wire Transformers 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Single-Phase Autotransformers 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Three-Phase Transformer Connections 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Analysis of Y\/Δ Transformer with Unbalanced Load 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Analysis of Y\/Y Transformer 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Three-winding Transformer 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Distribution Line Models \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Overview 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Conductor Types and Sizes 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Sizes 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Overhead Feeders 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Underground Feeders 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Conductor Data 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Generalized Carson’s Models 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Series Impedance Models of Overhead Lines 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Three-phase Line 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Single- and Two-phase Line Modeling 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Three-phase Line Example 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Series Impedance Models of Underground Lines 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Nonconcentric Neutral Cables 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Concentric Neutral Cables 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2.1 Single-phase Cable 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2.2 Three-phase Cable 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Distribution System Analysis \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e53\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Modeling of Source Impedance 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Load Models 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Load Model I 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Load Model II 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Load Model III 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Load Model IV 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Power Flow Studies 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Line Model 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Load and DER Model 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Computing Currents 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Power Flow Algorithm 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Voltage Regulation 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Voltage Regulation Definition 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Approximate Method for Voltage Regulation 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Voltage Drop on Radial Feeders with Uniformly Distributed Load 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Voltage Drop on a Radial Feeder Serving a Triangular Area 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Fault Calculations 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Prefault System 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Three-phase Fault 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Double-Line-to-Ground (DLG) Fault 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4 Single-Line-to-Ground (SLG) Fault 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.5 Line-to-Line (LL) Fault 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.6 Symmetrical Component-based Fault Analysis 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.6.1 Three-phase Fault 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.6.2 DLG Fault 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.6.3 SLG Fault 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.6.4 LL Fault 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Distribution System Planning \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Traditional vs. Modern Approaches to Planning 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Long-term Load Forecasting 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Load Characteristics 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Customer Classes 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Loads in a Modern House 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Time Aggregation 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Diversity and Coincidence 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.5 Demand Factor 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.6 Load Duration Curve 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.7 Load Factor 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.8 Loss Factor 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Design Criteria and Standards 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Voltage Standards 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Conservation Voltage Reduction 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Distribution System Design 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Substation Design 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Design of Primary Feeders 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Design of Secondary Systems 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4 Underground Distribution Systems 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.5 Rural vs. Urban Systems 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Cold Load Pickup (CLPU) 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 CLPU Fundamentals 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 CLPU Models 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Impacts of CLPU 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.4 Operating Limits 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Asset Management 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Economics of Distribution Systems \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e123\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Basic Concepts 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Interest Rate 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Inflation 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Discount Rate 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Time Value of Money 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Annuity 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.6 PresentWorth of Annuity 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.7 PresentWorth of Geometric Series 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Selection of Devices: Conductors and Transformers 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Distribution Feeder Conductors 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.1 Conductor Economics 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.2 Reach of Feeders 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.3 Optimal Selection of Conductors for Feeders 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.4 Example 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Economic Evaluation of Transformers 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Tariffs and Pricing 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Electricity Rates 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.1 Energy 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.2 Demand 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.3 Time of Use (TOU) 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.4 Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.5 Critical Peak Rebates (CPRs) 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.6 Interruptible Rates 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.7 Power Factor-Based Rates 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.8 Real-Time Price 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.9 Net Metering 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Understanding Electricity Bills 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2.1 Monthly Rate 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Rural Electric Cooperatives (RECs) 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Municipal Utilities 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Distribution System Operation and Automation \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e147\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Distribution Automation 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Communication Infrastructure 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Distribution Automation Functions 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Outage Management 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Feeder Reconfiguration 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Voltage and var Management 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3.1 Transformer LTC Operation 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3.2 Capacitor Operation 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3.3 Regulator Operation 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3.4 Smart Inverters 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Monitoring and Control 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4.1 Transformer Life Extension 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4.2 Recloser\/Circuit Breaker Monitoring and Control 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Cost–Benefit of Distribution Automation 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Higher Energy Sales 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Reduced Labor for Fault Location 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 O\u0026amp;M of Switches and Controllers 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 Lesser Low-Voltage Complaints 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Cost–Benefit Case Studies 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Analysis of Distribution System Operation Functions \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e169\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Outage Management 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Trouble Call Analysis 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.1 Outage Location Using Escalation Methods 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.2 Rule-Based Escalation 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.3 Test Cases 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Voltage and var Control 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Load Tap Changer 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Line Regulators 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Capacitors 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Capacitor Placement 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4.1 Illustrative Example 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Capacitor Switching and Control 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Distribution System Reconfiguration 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Multiobjective Reconfiguration Problem 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1.1 Minimization of Real Loss 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1.2 Transformer Load Balancing 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1.3 Minimization of Voltage Deviation 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Illustrative Example 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Distribution System Restoration 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Step-by-Step Restoration 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Restoration Times 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Derivation of Restoration Times 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 Optimal Operation and Design for Restoration During CLPU 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4.1 Thermally Limited System 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4.2 Voltage Drop Limited System 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Distribution System Reliability \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Motivation 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Basic Definitions 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Reliability Indices 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Basic Parameters 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Sustained Interruption Indices 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.1 System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.2 System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.3 Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI) 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.4 Customer Total Average Interruption Duration Index (CTAIDI) 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.5 Customer Average Interruption Frequency Index (CAIFI) 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.6 Average Service Availability Index (ASAI) 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.7 Customers Experiencing Multiple Interruptions (CEMI\u003ci\u003en\u003c\/i\u003e) 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.8 Customers Experiencing Long Interruption Durations (CELID) 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Load-based Indices 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3.1 Average System Interruption Frequency Index (ASIFI) 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3.2 Average System Interruption Duration Index (ASIDI) 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Momentary Interruption Indices 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4.1 Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index (MAIFI) 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4.2 The Momentary Average Interruption Event Frequency Index (MAIFI\u003ci\u003eE\u003c\/i\u003e) 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4.3 Customers Experiencing Multiple Sustained Interruption and Momentary Interruption Events Index (CEMSMI\u003ci\u003en\u003c\/i\u003e) 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.5 Sustained Interruption Example 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6 Momentary Interruption Example 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Major Event Day Classification 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Causes of Outages 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Trees 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Lightning 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Wind 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.4 Icing 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.5 Animals\/Birds 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.6 Vehicular Traffic 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.7 Age of Components 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.8 Conductor Size 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Outage Recording 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Predictive Reliability Assessment 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.1 Component Failure Models 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.2 Network Reduction 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.3 Markov Modeling 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.4 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.4.1 FMEA Method Assumptions 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.4.2 FMEA Procedure 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.5 Monte Carlo Simulation 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Regulation of Reliability 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Distribution System Grounding \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e231\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Basics of Grounding 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Need for Grounding 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Approaches for Grounding 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Effects of Grounding on System Models 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Neutral Grounding 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Neutral Shift Due to Ground Faults 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Types of Neutral Grounding 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Standards for Neutral Grounding 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Substation Safety 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 National Electric Safety Code (NESC) 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 National Electric Code (NEC) 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Distribution System Protection \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e239\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Overview and Philosophy 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Role of Protection Studies 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Protection of Power-carrying Devices 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Classification of Protective and Switching Devices 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Single-action Fuses 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1.1 Expulsion Fuses 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1.2 Vacuum Fuses 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1.3 Current-limiting Fuses 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1.4 Distribution Fuse Cutouts 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Automatic Circuit Reclosers 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2.1 Recloser Classifications 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Sectionalizers 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4 Circuit Breakers 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.5 Time Overcurrent Relays 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.6 Static or Solid-state Relays 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.7 Digital or Numerical Relays 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.8 Load Break Switch 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.9 Circuit Interrupter 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.10 Disconnecting Switch 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.11 Sectionalizing Switch 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.12 Example Distribution System 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 New Generation of Devices 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Smart Switching Devices 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1.1 Smart Fuses 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1.2 Smart Reclosers (Interrupters) 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1.3 Smart Circuit Breakers 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Basic Rules of Classical Distribution Protection 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1 Operational Convention for Protective Devices 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Protecting Feeder Segments and Taps 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Coordination of Protective Devices 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1 General Coordination Rule 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2 Fuse–Fuse Coordination 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2.1 Model for Fuses 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2.2 Rule for Fuse–Fuse Coordination 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.3 Recloser–Fuse Coordination 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.4 Recloser–Sectionalizer Coordination 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.4.1 Rule for Coordination 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.5 Circuit Breaker–Recloser Coordination 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.5.1 Models for Relay-controlled Circuit Breakers 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.5.2 Rule for Coordination 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 New Digital Sensing and Measuring Devices 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.1 Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.2 Microphasor Measurement Units 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.3 Optical Line Current Sensors 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.4 Optical Voltage Sensors 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.5 Digital Pressure and Temperature Sensors 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.6 Evolving Sensors 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Emerging Protection System Design and Coordination 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Power Quality for Distribution System \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e279\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Definition of Power Quality 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Impacts of Power Quality 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 The Customer Side 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 The Utility Side 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Importance of Power Quality 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Cost of Power Quality 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Harmonics and PQ Indices 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1.1 Properties of THD 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Total Demand Distortion (TDD) 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Power Factor (PF) 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Standards for Harmonic Control 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Momentary Interruptions 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Voltage Sag and Swell 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Definition 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 ITI (CBEMA) Curve 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Flicker 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Distributed Energy Resources and Microgrids \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 DER Resources and Models 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Wind Generation 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Solar Generation 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3 Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.4 Microturbine 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.5 Electric Vehicles 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Interconnection Issues 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Variable Solar Power 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Microgrids 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Microgrid Types by Supply and Structure 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1.1 ac Microgrids 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1.2 dc Microgrids 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1.3 Hybrid Microgrids 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1.4 Networked Microgrids 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 Microgrid Modes of Operation 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2.1 Grid-Connected Mode 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2.2 Islanded Mode 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.3 Grid-Following vs. Grid-Forming Inverters 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.4 Microgrid Protection Challenges and Requirements 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.5 Examples of Microgrid in Operation 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.5.1 CERTS Microgrid 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.5.2 IIT Microgrid 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.5.3 Philadelphia Navy Yard Microgrid 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Off-Grid Electrification 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Designing Off-Grid Systems 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1.1 Load Estimation 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1.2 Resource Assessment 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1.3 Optimal System Design 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1.4 Other Factors 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A Per-unit Representation \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e317\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Single-phase Systems 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Three-phase Systems 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.1 Per-unit Values for Δ-Connected Systems 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2 Per-unit Values for Δ-Connected Systems 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 Base Values for Transformers 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4 Change of Base 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5 Advantages of Per-unit Representation 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix B Symmetrical Components \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e323\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 327\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default 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