{"title":"Economic theory and philosophy Books","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"financial-assets-debt-and-liquidity-crises-a-keynesian-approach-9781107004931","title":"Financial Assets Debt and Liquidity Crises A","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe macroeconomic development of most major industrial economies is characterised by boom-bust cycles. Normally such boom-bust cycles are driven by specific sectors of the economy. In the financial meltdown of the years 2007â9 it was the credit sector and the real-estate sector that were the main driving forces. This book takes on the challenge of interpreting and modelling this meltdown. In doing so it revives the traditional Keynesian approach to the financial-real economy interaction and the business cycle, extending it in several important ways. In particular, it adopts the Keynesian view of a hierarchy of markets and introduces a detailed financial sector into the traditional Keynesian framework. The approach of the book goes beyond the currently dominant paradigm based on the representative agent, market clearing and rational economic agents. Instead it proposes an economy populated with heterogeneous, rationally bounded agents attempting to cope with disequilibria in various mar\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eList of figures; List of tables; Notation; Preface; 1. Financial crises and the macroeconomy; Part I. The Nonlinear Dynamics of Credit and Debt Default: 2. Currency crises, credit crunches and large output loss; 3. Mortgage loans, debt default and the emergence of banking crises; 4. Debt deflation and the descent into economic depression; Part II. Theoretical Foundations for Structural Macroeconometric Model Building: 5. Keynesian macroeconometric model building: a point of departure; 6. Intensive form and steady state calculations; 7. Partial feedback structures and stability issues; Part III. Debt Crises: Firms, Banks and the Housing Markets: 8. Debt deflation: from low- to high-order macrosystems; 9. Debt default, bankruptcy of firms, and banks' performances; 10. Japan's institutional configuration and its financial crisis; 11. Housing investment cycles, workers' debt and debt default; Bibliography.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47836687139159,"sku":"9781107004931","price":93.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781107004931.jpg?v=1710380819"},{"product_id":"introducing-keynes-a-graphic-guide-9781848310650","title":"Introducing Keynes: A Graphic Guide","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs we find ourselves at the cusp of an economic downturn, there has been a clear reinvigoration of Keynesian economics as governments are attempting to stimulate the market through public funds. Forming his economic theories in the wake of the Great Depression, John Maynard Keynes argued that a healthy economy depended on the total spending of consumers, business investors and, most importantly, governments too. Keynes formulated that governments should take control of the economy in the short term, rather than relying on the market, because, as he eloquently put it 'in the long run, we are all dead'. This graphic guide is the ideal introduction to one of the most influential economists of the 20th century, at a time when his theories may be crucial to our economic survival. Through a deft mixture of words and images, \"Introducing Keynes\" is a timely, accessible and enjoyable read.","brand":"Icon Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47850709811543,"sku":"9781848310650","price":7.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781848310650.jpg?v=1710619723"},{"product_id":"wealth-of-nations-9781840226881","title":"Wealth of Nations","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdam Smith (1723-1790) was one of the brightest stars of the eighteenth-century Scottish Enlightenment. \u003ci\u003eAn Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations \u003c\/i\u003ewas his most important book\u003ci\u003e.\u003c\/i\u003e First published in London in March 1776, it had been eagerly anticipated by Smith’s contemporaries and became an immediate bestseller. That edition sold out quickly and others followed. Today, Smith’s \u003ci\u003eWealth of Nations\u003c\/i\u003e rightfully claims a place in the Western intellectual canon. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e It is the first book of modern political economy, and still provides the foundation for the study of that discipline.  But it is much more than that. Along with important discussions of economics and political theory, Smith mixed plain common sense with large measures of history, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and much else. Few texts remind us so clearly that the Enlightenment was very much a lived experience, a concern with improving the human condition in practical ways for real people. A masterpiece by any measure, \u003ci\u003eWealth of Nations\u003c\/i\u003e remains a classic of world literature to be usefully enjoyed by readers today.","brand":"Wordsworth Editions Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47850806182231,"sku":"9781840226881","price":6.83,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781840226881.jpg?v=1710621867"},{"product_id":"50-capitalism-ideas-you-really-need-to-know-9781529430172","title":"50 Capitalism Ideas You Really Need to Know","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn a series of 50 accessible essays, Jonathan Portes demystifies the fundamental concepts of capitalism -  from its history, core theories and key institutions to its current-day political power and social impact.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrom stock markets to banks, globalization to Marxism, \u003ci\u003e50 Capitalism Ideas\u003c\/i\u003e is a complete introduction to the most the world's dominant economic system.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Quercus Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47851477598551,"sku":"9781529430172","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781529430172.jpg?v=1710637334"},{"product_id":"silicon-valley-north-9780080444574","title":"Silicon Valley North","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Silicon phenomenon was, is, and will be an extremely important phenomenon in the accelerated technological, scientific, and economic development of countries and regions. Silicon Valley North (SVN) is the high tech capital of Canada, the nations most developed and dynamic technology sector, which includes multiple clusters in telecommunications, software, photonics, and life sciences. It gave birth to many well-known companies such as Corel, JDS Uniphase, Mitel, Newbridge Networks, Nortel Networks, Digital Equipment of Canada, just to mention a few. A lot of literature describes Silicon Valley and Silicon Alley in the US, Silicon Islands in Asia, and so on. Despite the quite evident importance of Silicon Valley North for the regional, national, and international technological development (especially when Nortel Networks and JDS Uniphase became global leaders in their fields and expanded in explosive fashion), this phenomenon is far from being well understood.Because of this, a book\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction. Beginning of the Canadian Silicon Valley. Silicon Valley North: its recent past, current state, and future. Conclusions.","brand":"Emerald Publishing Limited","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732183232855,"sku":"9780080444574","price":83.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780080444574.jpg?v=1719995873"},{"product_id":"galbraith-j-affluent-society-9780140285192","title":"Galbraith J Affluent Society","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJohn Kenneth Galbraith''s international bestseller \u003ci\u003eThe Affluent Society \u003c\/i\u003eis a witty, graceful and devastating attack on some of our most cherished economic myths.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  As relevant today as when it was first published over forty years ago, this newly updated edition of Galbraith''s classic text on the ''economics of abundance'', lays bare the hazards of individual and social complacency about economic inequality. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  Why worship work and productivity if many of the goods we produce are superfluous - artificial ''needs'' created by high-pressure advertising? Why begrudge expenditure on vital public works while ignoring waste and extravagance in the private sector of the economy? Classical economics was born in a harsh world of mass poverty, and has left us with a set of preconceptions ill-adapted to the realities of our own richer age. And so, too often, ''the bland lead the bland''. Our unfamiliar problems need a new approach, and the reception given to this famous book has shown the value of its fresh, lively ideas.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  ''A compelling challenge to conventional thought''\u003cbr\u003e  \u003ci\u003eThe New York Times\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  ''He shows himself a truly sensitive and civilized man, whose ideas are grounded in the common culture of the two continents, and may serve as a link between them; his book is of foremost importance for them both''\u003cbr\u003e  \u003ci\u003eThe Times Literary Supplement\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  \u003cb\u003eJohn Kenneth Galbraith \u003c\/b\u003e(1908-2006) was a Canadian-American economist. A Keynesian and an institutionalist, Galbraith was a leading proponent of 20th-century American liberalism and progressivism. Galbraith was the author of 30 books, including \u003ci\u003eThe Economics of Innocent Fraud\u003c\/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eThe Great Crash: 1929\u003c\/i\u003e, and \u003ci\u003eA History of Economics\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732354412887,"sku":"9780140285192","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780140285192.jpg?v=1719996534"},{"product_id":"the-worldly-philosophers-9780140290066","title":"The Worldly Philosophers","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe final revision of this classic bestseller, the 7th edition defines the common thread linking the world''s greatest economic thinkers and explores the philosophies that motivate them. Hailed by Galbraith as a brilliant achievement, The Worldly Philosophers with over 2 million copies sold worldwide, not only enables us to see more deeply into our history, but helps us to better understand our own times. Heilbroner provides the new theme that connects thinkers as different as Adam Smith andKarl Marx: the desire to understand how a capitalist society works. A new chapter conveys a concern that today''s increasingly scientific economics may overlook fundamental social and political issues that are central to economics.","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732354806103,"sku":"9780140290066","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780140290066.jpg?v=1719996536"},{"product_id":"the-wealth-of-nations-books-iiii-9780140432084","title":"The Wealth of Nations Books IIII","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe classic economic treatise that insipired Thomas Piketty's\u003ci\u003e Capital in the Twenty-First Century\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe publication of \u003ci\u003eThe Wealth of Nations\u003c\/i\u003e in 1776 coincided with America's Declaration of Independence, and with this landmark treatise on political economy, Adam Smith paved the way for modern capitalism, arguing that a truly free market - fired by competition yet guided as if by an 'invisible hand' to ensure justice and equality - was the engine of a fair and productive society. Books I - III of \u003ci\u003eThe Wealth of Nations\u003c\/i\u003e examine the 'division of labour' as the key to economic growth, by ensuring the interdependence of individuals within society. They also cover the origins of money and the importance of wages, profit, rent and stocks, but the real sophistication of his analysis derives from the fact that it encompasses a combination of ethics, philosophy and history to create a vast panorama of society.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis edition contains an analytical introductio\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Adam Smith's enormous authority resides, in the end, in the same property that we discover in Marx: not in any ideology, but in an effort to see to the bottom of things.\"\u003cbr\u003e--Robert L. Heilbroner\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732363915607,"sku":"9780140432084","price":11.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780140432084.jpg?v=1719996566"},{"product_id":"the-wealth-of-nations-9780140436150","title":"The Wealth of Nations","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSmith''s THE WEALTH OF NATIONS was the first comprehensive treatment of political economy.  Originally delivered in the form of lectures at Glasgow, the book''s publication in 1776 co-incided with America''s Declaration of Independence. These volumes include Smith''s assessment of the mercantile system, his advocacy of the freedom of commerce and industry, and his famous prophecy that America will be one of the foremost nations of the world.","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732367749463,"sku":"9780140436150","price":12.34,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780140436150.jpg?v=1719996580"},{"product_id":"capital-critique-of-political-economy-9780140445688","title":"Capital Critique of Political Economy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMarx's major work was the product of 30 years' close study of the most advanced industrial society of his day. Marx devoted most of his adult life to analyzing the\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCapital Introduction by Ernest Mandel\u003cbr\u003eTranslator's Preface\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the First Edition\u003cbr\u003ePostface to the Second Edition\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the French Edition\u003cbr\u003ePostface to the French Edition\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the Third Edition (by Engels)\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the English Edition (by Engels)\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the Fourth Edition (by Engels)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBOOK I: THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF CAPITAL \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart One: Commodities and Money\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1: The Commodity\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Two Factors of the Commodity: Use-Value and Value (Substance of VAlue, Magnitude of Value)\u003cbr\u003e2. The Dual Character of the Labour Embodied in Commodities\u003cbr\u003e3. The Value-Form, or Exchange-Value\u003cbr\u003e(a) The Simple, Isolated, or Accidental Form of Value\u003cbr\u003e(1) The two poles of the expression of value: the relative form of value and the equivalent form\u003cbr\u003e(2) The relative form of value\u003cbr\u003e(i) The content of the relative form of value\u003cbr\u003e(ii) The quantitative determinacy of the relative form of value\u003cbr\u003e(iii) The equivalent form\u003cbr\u003e(iv) The simple form of value considered as a whole\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Total or Expanded Form of Value\u003cbr\u003e(1) The expanded relative form of value\u003cbr\u003e(2) The particular equivalent form\u003cbr\u003e(3) Defects of the total or expanded form of value\u003cbr\u003e(c) The General Form of Value\u003cbr\u003e(1) The changed character of the form of value\u003cbr\u003e(2) The development of the relative and equivalent forms of value: their interdependence\u003cbr\u003e(3) The transition from the general form of value to the money form\u003cbr\u003e(d) The Money Form\u003cbr\u003e4. The Fetishism of the Commodity and Its Secret\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2: The Process of Exchange \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3: Money, or the Circulation of Commodities\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Measure of Values\u003cbr\u003e2. The Means of Circulation\u003cbr\u003e(a) The Metamorphosis of Commodities\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Circulation of Money\u003cbr\u003e(c) Coin. The Symbol of Value\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Money\u003cbr\u003e(a) Hoarding\u003cbr\u003e(b) Means of Payment\u003cbr\u003e(c) World Money\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART TWO: THE TRANSFORMATION OF MONEY INTO CAPITAL \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4: The General Formula for Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5: Contradictions in the General Formula\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6: The Sale and Purchase of Labour-Power\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART THREE: THE PRODUCTION OF ABSOLUTE SURPLUS-VALUE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7: The Labour Process and the Valorization Process\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Labour Process\u003cbr\u003e2. The Valorization Process\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8: Constant Capital and Variable Capital \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9: The Rate of Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Degree of Exploitation of Labour-Power\u003cbr\u003e2. The Representation of the Value of the Product by Corresponding Proportional Parts of the Product\u003cbr\u003e3. Senior's \"Last Hour\"\u003cbr\u003e4. The Surplus Product\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10: The Working Day \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Limits of the Working Day\u003cbr\u003e2. The Voracious Appetite for Surplus Labour. Manufacturer and Boyar\u003cbr\u003e3. Branches of English Industry without Legal Limits to Exploitation\u003cbr\u003e4. Day Work and Night Work. The Shift System\u003cbr\u003e5. The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Laws for the Compulsory Extension of the Working Day, from the Middle of the Fourteenth to the End of the Seventeenth Century\u003cbr\u003e6. The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Laws for the Compulsory Limitation of Working Hours. The English Factory Legislation of 1833-64\u003cbr\u003e7. The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Impact of the English Factory Legislation on Other Countries\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11: The Rate and Mass of Surplus-Value \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART FOUR: THE PRODUCTION OF RELATIVE SURPLUS-VALUE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12: The Concept of Relative Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13: Co-operation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14: The Division of Labour and Manufacture\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Dual Origin of Manufacture\u003cbr\u003e2. The Specialized Worker and His Tools\u003cbr\u003e3. The Two Fundamental Forms of Manufacture - Heterogeneous and Organic\u003cbr\u003e4. The Division of Labour in Manufacture, and the Division of Labour in Society\u003cbr\u003e5. The Capitalist Character of Manufacture\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15: Machinery and Large-Scale Industry \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Development of Machinery\u003cbr\u003e2. The Value Transferred by the Machinery to the Product\u003cbr\u003e3. The Most Immediate Effects of Machine Production on the Worker\u003cbr\u003e(a) Appropriation of Supplementary Labour-Power by Capital. The Employment of Women and Children\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Prolongation of the Working Day\u003cbr\u003e(c) Intensification of Labour\u003cbr\u003e4. The Factory\u003cbr\u003e5. The Struggle between Worker and Machine\u003cbr\u003e6. The Compensation Theory, with Regard to the Workers Displaced by Machinery\u003cbr\u003e7. Repulsion and Attraction of Workers through the Development of Machine Production. Crises in the Cotton Industry\u003cbr\u003e8. The Revolutionary Impact of Large-Scale Industry on Manufacture, Handicrafts and Domestic Industry\u003cbr\u003e(a) Overthrow of Co-operation Based on Handicrafts and on the Division of Labour\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Impact of the Factory System on Manufacture and Domestic Industries\u003cbr\u003e(c) Modern Manufacture\u003cbr\u003e(d) Modern Domestic Industry\u003cbr\u003e(e) Transition from Modern Manufacture and Domestic Industry to Large-Scale Industry. The Hastening of this Revolution by the Application of the Factory Acts to those Industries\u003cbr\u003e9. The Health and Education Clauses of the Factory Acts. The General Extension of Factory Legislation in England\u003cbr\u003e10. Large-Scale Industry and Agriculture\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART FIVE: THE PRODUCTION OF ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE SURPLUS-VALUE \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16: Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17: Changes of Magnitude in the Price of Labour-Power and in Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Length of the Working Day and the Intensity of Labour Constant; the Productivity of Labour Variable\u003cbr\u003e2. The Length of the Working Day and the Productivity of Labour Constant; the Intensity of Labour Variable\u003cbr\u003e3. The Productivity and Intensity of Labour Constant; the Length of the Working Day Variable\u003cbr\u003e4. Simultaneous Variations in the Duration, Productivity and Intensity of Labour\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18: Different Formulae for the Rate of Surplus-Value \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART SIX: WAGES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19: The Transformation of the Value (and Respectively the Price) of Labour-Power into Wages\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20: Time-Wages\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21: Piece-Wages\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 22: National Differences in Wages\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART SEVEN: THE PROCESS OF ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 23: Simple Reproduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 24: The Transformation of Surplus-Value into Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Capitalist Production on a Progressively Increasing Scale. The Inversion which Converts the Property Laws of Commodity Production into Laws of Capitalist Appropriation\u003cbr\u003e2. The Political Economists' Erroneous Conception of Reproduction on an Increasing Scale\u003cbr\u003e3. Division of Surplus-Value into Capital and Revenue. The Abstinence Theory\u003cbr\u003e4. The Circumstances which, Independently of the Proportional Division of Surplus-Value into Capital and Revenue, Determine the Extent of Accumulation, namely, the Degree of Exploitation of Labour-Power, the Productivity of Labour, the Growing Difference in Amount between Capital Employed and Capital Consumed, and the Magnitude of the Capital Advanced\u003cbr\u003e5. The So-Called Labour Fund\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 25: The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. A Growing Demand for Labour-Power Accompanies Accumulation if the Composition of Capital Remains the Same\u003cbr\u003e2. A Relative Diminution of the Variable Part of Capital Occurs in the Course of the Further Progress of Accumulation and of the Concentration Accompanying It\u003cbr\u003e3. The Progressive Reduction of a Relative Surpluse Population or Industrial Reserve Army\u003cbr\u003e4. Different Forms of Existence of the Relative Surplus Population. The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation\u003cbr\u003e5. Illustrations of the General Law of Capitalist Accumulation\u003cbr\u003e(a) England from 1846 to 1866\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Badly Paid Strata of the British Industrial Working Class\u003cbr\u003e(c) The Nomadic Population\u003cbr\u003e(d) Effect of Crises on the Best Paid Section of the Working Class\u003cbr\u003e(e) The British Agricultural Proletariat\u003cbr\u003e(f) Ireland\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART EIGHT: SO-CALLED PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 26: The Secret of Primitive Accumulation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 27: The Expropriation of the Agricultural Population from the Land\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 28: Bloody Legislation against the Expropriated since the End of the Fifteenth Century. The Forcing Down of Wages by Act of Parliament\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 29: The Genesis of the Capitalist Farmer\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 30: Impact of the Agricultural Revolution on Industry. The Creation of a Home Market for Industrial Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 31: The Genesis of the Industrial Capitalist\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 32: The Historical Tendency of Capitalist Accumulation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 33: The Modern Theory of Colonization\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix: Results of the Immediate Process of Production \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction by Ernest Mandel\u003cbr\u003eI. Commodities as the Product of Capital\u003cbr\u003eII. Capitalist Production as the Production of Surplus-Value\u003cbr\u003eIII. Capitalist Production is the Production and Reproduction of the Specifically Capitalist Relations of Production\u003cbr\u003eIV. Isolated Fragments\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuotations in Languages Other than English and German\u003cbr\u003eIndex of Authorities Quoted\u003cbr\u003eGeneral Index\u003cbr\u003eNote on Previous Editions of the Works of Marx and Engels\u003cbr\u003eChronology of Works by Marx and Engels\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732375646551,"sku":"9780140445688","price":17.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780140445688.jpg?v=1719996611"},{"product_id":"grundrisse-9780140445756","title":"Grundrisse","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWritten during the winter of 1857-8, the Grundrisse was considered by Marx to be the first scientific elaboration of communist theory. A collection of seven notebooks on capital and money, it both develops the arguments outlined in the Communist Manifesto (1848) and explores the themes and theses that were to dominate his great later work Capital. Here, for the first time, Marx set out his own version of Hegel''s dialectics and developed his mature views on labour, surplus value and profit, offering many fresh insights into alienation, automation and the dangers of capitalist society. Yet while the theories in Grundrisse make it a vital precursor to Capital, it also provides invaluable descriptions of Marx''s wider-ranging philosophy, making it a unique insight into his beliefs and hopes for the foundation of a communist state.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction (Notebook M)1. Production in general\u003cbr\u003e2. General relation between production, distribution, exchange and consumption\u003cbr\u003e3. The method of political economy\u003cbr\u003e4. Means (forces) of production and relations of production, relations of production and relations of circulation\u003cbr\u003eThe Chapter on Money (Notebooks I and II, pp. 1-7)Darimon's theory of crises\u003cbr\u003eGold export and crises\u003cbr\u003eConvertibility and note circulation\u003cbr\u003eValue and price\u003cbr\u003eTransformation of the commodity into exchange value; money\u003cbr\u003eContradictions in the money relation:\u003cbr\u003e(1) Contradiction between commodity as product and commodity as exchange value\u003cbr\u003e(2) Contradiction between purchase and sale\u003cbr\u003e(3) Contradiction between exchange for the sake of exchange and exchange for the sake of commodities\u003cbr\u003e(4) Contradiction between money as particular commodity and money as general commodity (\u003ci\u003eThe Economist\u003c\/i\u003e and the \u003ci\u003eMorning Star\u003c\/i\u003e on money)\u003cbr\u003eAttempts to overcome the contradictions by the issue of time-chits\u003cbr\u003eExchange value as mediation of private interests\u003cbr\u003eExchange value (money) as social bond\u003cbr\u003eSocial relations which create an undeveloped system of exchange\u003cbr\u003eThe product becomes a commodity; the commodity becomes exchange value; the exchange value of the commodity becomes money\u003cbr\u003eMoney as measure\u003cbr\u003eMoney as objectification of general labour time (Incidental remark on gold and silver)\u003cbr\u003eDistinction between particular labor time and general labour time\u003cbr\u003eDistinction between planned distribution of labour time and measurement of exchange values by labour time (Strabo on money among the Albanians)\u003cbr\u003eThe precious metals as subjects of the money relation:\u003cbr\u003e(a) Gold and silver in relation to the other metals\u003cbr\u003e(b) Fluctuations in the value-relations between the different metals\u003cbr\u003e(c) and (d) (headings only): Sources of gold and silver; money as coin\u003cbr\u003eCirculation of money and opposite circulation of commodities\u003cbr\u003eGeneral concept of circulation:\u003cbr\u003e(a) Circulation circulates exchange values in the form of prices (Distinction between real money and accounting money)\u003cbr\u003e(b) Money as the medium of exchange (What determines the quantity of money required for circulation) (Comment on (a))\u003cbr\u003eCommodity circulation requires appropriation through alienation\u003cbr\u003eCirculation as an endlessly repeated process\u003cbr\u003eThe price as external to and independent of the commodity: Creation of general medium of exchange; exchange as a special business\u003cbr\u003eDouble motion of circulation: C-M; M-C, and M-C; C-M\u003cbr\u003eThree contradictory functions of money:\u003cbr\u003e(1) Money as general material of contracts, as measuring unit of exchange values\u003cbr\u003e(2) Money as medium of exchange and realizer of prices\u003cbr\u003e(Money, as representative of price, allows commodities to be exchanged at equivalent prices)\u003cbr\u003e(An example of confusion between the contradictory functions of money)\u003cbr\u003e(Money as particular commodity and money as general commodity)\u003cbr\u003e(3) Money as money: as material representative of wealth (accumulation of money)\u003cbr\u003e(Dissolution of ancient communities through money)\u003cbr\u003e(Money, unlike coin, has a universal character)\u003cbr\u003e(Money in its third function is the negation #negative unity# of its character as medium of circulation and measure)\u003cbr\u003e(Money in its metallic being; accumulation of gold and silver)\u003cbr\u003e(Headings on money, to be elaborated later)\u003cbr\u003eThe Chapter on Capital (Notebooks II pp. 8-28, III, IV, V, VI and VII)The Chapter on Money as Capital:\u003cbr\u003eDifficulty in grasping money in its fully developed character as money\u003cbr\u003eSimple exchange: relations between the exchangers (Critique of socialists and harmonizers: Bastiat, Proudhon)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection One: The Production Process of Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNothing is expressed when capital is characterized merely as a sum of values\u003cbr\u003eLanded property and capital\u003cbr\u003eCapital comes from circulation; its content is exchange value; merchant capital, money capital, and money interest\u003cbr\u003eCirculation presupposes another process; motion between presupposed extremes\u003cbr\u003eTransition from circulation to capitalist production \u003cbr\u003e\"Capital is accumulated labour (etc.)\"\u003cbr\u003e\"Capital is a sum of values used for the production of values\"\u003cbr\u003eCirculation, and exchange value deriving from circulation, the presupposition of capital\u003cbr\u003eExchange value emerging from circulation, a presupposition of ciruclation, preserving and multiplying itself in it by means of labour\u003cbr\u003eProduct and capital.  Value and capital.  Proudhon\u003cbr\u003eCapital and labour.  Exchange value and use value for exchange value\u003cbr\u003eMoney and its use value (labour) in this relation capital: Self-multiplication of value is its only movement\u003cbr\u003eCapital, as regards substance, objectified labour.  Its antithesis, living, productive labour\u003cbr\u003eProductive labour and labour as performance of a service\u003cbr\u003eProductive and unproductive labour.  A. Smith etc.\u003cbr\u003eThe two different processes in the exchange of capital with labour\u003cbr\u003eCapital and modern landed property\u003cbr\u003eThe market\u003cbr\u003eExchange between capital and labour.  Piecework wages\u003cbr\u003eValue of labour power\u003cbr\u003eShare of the wage labourer in general wealth determined only quantitatively\u003cbr\u003eMoney is the worker's equivalent; he thus confronts capital as an equal\u003cbr\u003eBut the aim of his exchange is satisfaction of his need.  Money for him is only medium of circulation\u003cbr\u003eSavings, self-denial as means of the worker's enrichment\u003cbr\u003eValuelessness and devaluation of the worker a condition of capital\u003cbr\u003e(Labour power as capital!)\u003cbr\u003eWages not productive\u003cbr\u003eThe exchange between capital and labour belongs within simple circulation, does not enrich the worker\u003cbr\u003eSeparation of labour and property the precondition of this exchange\u003cbr\u003eLabour as object absolute poverty, labour as subject general possibility of wealth\u003cbr\u003eLabour without particular specificity confronts capital\u003cbr\u003eLabour process absorbed into capital\u003cbr\u003e(Capital and capitalist)\u003cbr\u003eProduction process as content of capital\u003cbr\u003eThe worker relates to his labour as exchange value, the capitalist as use value\u003cbr\u003eThe worker divests himself of labour as the wealth-producing power; capital appropriates it as such\u003cbr\u003eTranformation of labour into capital\u003cbr\u003eRealization process\u003cbr\u003e(Costs of production)\u003cbr\u003eMere self-preservation, non-multiplication of value contradicts the essence of capital\u003cbr\u003eCapital enters the cost of production as capital.  Interest bearing capital (Parentheses on: original accumulation of capital, historic presuppositions of capital, production in general)\u003cbr\u003eSurplus value.  Surplus labour time\u003cbr\u003eValue of labour.  How it is determined\u003cbr\u003eConditions for the self-realization of capital\u003cbr\u003eCapital is productive as creator of surplus labour\u003cbr\u003eBut this is only a historical and transitory phenomenon\u003cbr\u003eTheories of surplus value (Ricardo; the Physiocrats; Adam Smith; Ricardo again)\u003cbr\u003eSurplus value and productive force.  Relation when these increase\u003cbr\u003eResult: in proportion as necessary labour is already diminished, the realization of capital becomes more difficult\u003cbr\u003eConcerning increases in the value of capital\u003cbr\u003eLabour does not reproduce the value of material and instrument, but rather preserves it by relating to them in the labour process as to their objective conditions\u003cbr\u003eAbsolute surplus labour time.  Relative\u003cbr\u003eIt is not the quantity of living labour, but rather its quality as labour which preserves the labour time already contained in the material\u003cbr\u003eThe change of form and substance in the direct production process\u003cbr\u003eIt is inherent in the simple production process that the previous stage of production is preserved through the subsequent one\u003cbr\u003ePreservation of the old use value by new labour\u003cbr\u003eThe quantity of objectified labour is preserved because contact with living labour preserves its quality as use value for new labour\u003cbr\u003eIn the real production process, the separation of labour from its objective moments of existence is suspended.  But in this process labour is already incorporated in capital\u003cbr\u003eThe capitalist obtains surplus labour free of charge together with the maintenance of the value of material and instrument\u003cbr\u003eThrough the appropriation of present labour, capital already possesses a claim to the appropriation of future labour\u003cbr\u003eConfusion of profit and surplus value.  Carey's erroneous calculation\u003cbr\u003eThe capitalist, who does not pay the worker for the preservation of the old value, then demands remuneration for giving the worker permission to preserve the old capital\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSurplus Value and Profit\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDifference between consumption of the instrument and of wages.  The former consumed in the production process, the latter outside it\u003cbr\u003eIncrease of surplus value and decrease in rate of profit\u003cbr\u003eMultiplication of simultaneous working days\u003cbr\u003eMachinery\u003cbr\u003eGrowth of the constant part of capital in relation to the variable part spent on wages=growth of the productivity of labour\u003cbr\u003eProportion in which capital has to increase in order to employ the same number of workers if productivity rises\u003cbr\u003ePercentage of total capital can express very different relations\u003cbr\u003eCapital (like property in general) rests on the productivity of labour\u003cbr\u003eIncrease of surplus labour time.  Increase of simultaneous working days. (Population)\u003cbr\u003e(Population can increase in proportion as necessary labour time becomes smaller)\u003cbr\u003eTransition from the process of the production of capital into the process of circulation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection Two: The Circulation Process of Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDevaluation of capital itself owing to increase of productive forces\u003cbr\u003e(Competition)\u003cbr\u003eCapital as unity and contradiction of the production process and the realization process\u003cbr\u003eCapital as limit to production.  Overproduction\u003cbr\u003eDemand by the workers themselves\u003cbr\u003eBarriers to capitalist production\u003cbr\u003eOVerproduction; Proudhon\u003cbr\u003ePrice of the commodity and labour time\u003cbr\u003eThe capitalist does not sell too dear; but still above what the thing costs him\u003cbr\u003ePrice can fall below value without damage to capital\u003cbr\u003eNumber and unit (measure) important in the multiplication of prices\u003cbr\u003eSpecific accumulation of capital.  (Transformation of surplus labour into capital)\u003cbr\u003eThe determination of value and of prices\u003cbr\u003eThe general rate of profit\u003cbr\u003eIf the capitalist merely sells at his own cost of production, then it is a transfer to another capitalist.  The worker gains almost nothing thereby\u003cbr\u003eBarrier of capitalist production.  Relation of surplus labour to necessary labour.  Proportion of the surplus consumed by capital to that transformed into capital\u003cbr\u003eDevaluation during crises\u003cbr\u003eCapital coming out of the production process becomes money again\u003cbr\u003e(Parenthesis on capital in general)\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSurplus Labour or Surplus Value Becomes Surplus Capital\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAll the determinants of capitalist production now appear as the result of (wage) labour itself\u003cbr\u003eThe realization process of labour at the same time its de-realization process\u003cbr\u003eFormation of surplus capital I\u003cbr\u003eSurplus capital II\u003cbr\u003eInversion of the law of appropriation\u003cbr\u003eChief result of the production and realization process\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eOriginal accumulation of capital\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOnce developed historically, capital itself creates the conditions of its existence\u003cbr\u003e(Performance of personal services, as opposed to wage labour)\u003cbr\u003e(Parenthesis on inversion of the law of property, real alien relation of the worker to his product, division of labour, machinery)\u003cbr\u003eForms which precede capitalist production.  (Concerning the process which precedes the formation of the capital relation or of original accumulation)\u003cbr\u003eExchange of labour for labour rests on the worker's propertylessness\u003cbr\u003eCirculation of capital and circulation of money\u003cbr\u003eProduction process and circulation process moments of production.  The productivity of the different capitals (branches of industry) determines that of the individual capital\u003cbr\u003eCirculation period.  Velocity of circulation substitutes for volume of capital.  Mutual dependence of capitals in the velocity of their circulation\u003cbr\u003eThe four moments in the turnover of capital\u003cbr\u003eMoment II to be considered here: transformation of the product into money; duration of this operation. Transport costs.  Circulation costs.  Means of communication and transport\u003cbr\u003eDivision of the branches of labour\u003cbr\u003eConcentration of many workers; productive force of this concentration\u003cbr\u003eGeneral as distinct from particular conditions of production\u003cbr\u003eTransport to market (spatial condition of circulation) belongs in the production process\u003cbr\u003eCredit, the temporal moment of circulation\u003cbr\u003eCapital is circulating capital\u003cbr\u003eInfluence of circulation on the determination of value; circulation time=time of devaluation\u003cbr\u003eDifference between the capitalist mode of production and all earlier ones (universality, propagandistic nature)\u003cbr\u003e(Capital itself is the contradiction)\u003cbr\u003eCirculation and creation of value\u003cbr\u003eCapital not a source of value-creation\u003cbr\u003eContinuity of production presupposes suspension of circulation time\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eTheories of Surplus Value\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRamsay's view that capital is its own source of profit\u003cbr\u003eNo surplus value according to Ricardo's law\u003cbr\u003eRicardo's theory of value.  Wages and profit\u003cbr\u003eQuincey\u003cbr\u003eRicardo\u003cbr\u003eWakefield.  Conditions of capitalist production in colonies\u003cbr\u003eSurplus value and profit.  Example (Malthus)\u003cbr\u003eDifference between labour and labour capacity\u003cbr\u003eCarey's theory of the cheapening of capital for the worker\u003cbr\u003eCarey's theory of the decline of the rate of profit\u003cbr\u003eWakefield on the contradiction between Ricardo's theories of wage labour and of value\u003cbr\u003eBailey on dormant capital and increase of production without previous increase of capital\u003cbr\u003eWade's explanation of capital.  Capital, collective force.  Capital, civilization.\u003cbr\u003eRossi.  What is capital?  Is raw material capital?  Are wages necessary for it?\u003cbr\u003eMalthus.  Theory of value and of wages\u003cbr\u003eAim of capitalist production value (money), not commodity, use value etc. Chalmers\u003cbr\u003eDifference in return.  Interruption of the production process.  Total duration of the production process.  Unequal periods of production\u003cbr\u003eThe concept of the free labourer contains the pauper.  Population and overpopulation\u003cbr\u003eNecessary labour.  Surplus labour.  Surplus population.  Surplus capital\u003cbr\u003eAdam Smith: work as sacrifice\u003cbr\u003eAdam Smith: the origin of profit\u003cbr\u003eSurplus labour.  Profit.  Wages\u003cbr\u003eImmovable capital.  Return of capital.  Fixed capital.  John Stuart Mill\u003cbr\u003eTurnover of capital.  Circulation process.  Production process.  Circulation costs.  Circulation time\u003cbr\u003eCapital's change of form and of substance; different forms of capital; circulation capital as general character of capital\u003cbr\u003eFixed (tied down) capital and circulating capital\u003cbr\u003eConstant and variable capital\u003cbr\u003eCompetition\u003cbr\u003eSurplus value.  Production time.  Circulation time.  Turnover time\u003cbr\u003eCompetition (continued)\u003cbr\u003ePart of capital in production time, part in circulation time\u003cbr\u003eSurplus value and production phase.  Number of reproductions of capital = number of turnovers\u003cbr\u003eChange of form and of matter in the circulation of capital.  C-M-C.  M-C-M\u003cbr\u003eDifference between production time and labour time\u003cbr\u003eFormation of a mercantile estate; credit\u003cbr\u003eSmall-scale circulation.  The process of exchange between capital and labour capacity generally\u003cbr\u003eThreefold character, or mode, of circulation\u003cbr\u003eFixed capital and circulating capital\u003cbr\u003eInfluence of fixed capital on the total turnover time of capital\u003cbr\u003eFixed capital.  Means of labour.  Machine\u003cbr\u003eTransposition of powers of labour into powers of capital both in fixed and in circulatin capital\u003cbr\u003eTo what extent fixed capital (machine) creates value\u003cbr\u003eFixed capital and continuity of the production process.  Machinery and living labour.\u003cbr\u003eContradiction between the foundation of bourgeois production (value as measure) and its development\u003cbr\u003eSignificance of the development of fixed capital (for the development of capital generally)\u003cbr\u003eThe chief role of capital is to create disposable time; contradictory form of this in capital\u003cbr\u003eDurability of fixed capital\u003cbr\u003eReal saving (economy)=saving of labour time=development of productive force\u003cbr\u003eTrue conception of the process of social production\u003cbr\u003eOwen's historical conception of industrial (capitalist) production\u003cbr\u003eCapital and value of natural agencies\u003cbr\u003eScope of fixed capital indicates the level of capitalist production\u003cbr\u003eIs money fixed capital or circulating capital?\u003cbr\u003eTurnover time of capital consisting of fixed capital and circulating capital.  Reproduction time of fixed capital\u003cbr\u003eThe same commodity sometimes circulating capital, sometimes fixed capital\u003cbr\u003eEvery moment which is a presupposition of production is at the same time its result, in that it reproductes its own conditions\u003cbr\u003eThe counter-value of circulating capital must be produced within the year.  Not so for fixed capital.  It engages the production of subsequent years\u003cbr\u003eMaintanence costs of fixed capital\u003cbr\u003eRevenue of fixed capital and circulating capital\u003cbr\u003eFree labour=latent pauperism.  Eden\u003cbr\u003eThe smaller the value of fixed capital in relation to its product, the more useful\u003cbr\u003eMovable and immovable, fixed and circulating\u003cbr\u003eConnection of circulation and reproduction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection Three: Capital as Fructiferous.  Tranformation of Surplus Value into Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRate of profit.  Fall of the rate of profit\u003cbr\u003eSurplus value as profit always expresses a lesser proportion\u003cbr\u003eWakefield, Carey and Bastiat on the rate of profit\u003cbr\u003eCapital and revenue (profit).  Production and distribution.  Sismondi\u003cbr\u003eTransformation of surplus value into profit\u003cbr\u003eLaws of this and transformation\u003cbr\u003eSurplus value=relation of surplus labour to necessary labour\u003cbr\u003eValue of fixed capital and its productive power\u003cbr\u003eMachinery and surplus labour.  Recapitulation of the doctrine of surplus value generally\u003cbr\u003eRelation between the objective conditions of production.  Change in the proportion of the component parts of capital\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eMiscellaneous\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMoney and fixed capital: presupposes a certain amount of wealth.  Relation of fixed capital and circulating capital \u003ci\u003e(Economist)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSlavery and wage labour; profit upon alienation (Steuart)\u003cbr\u003eSteuart, Montanari and Gouge on money\u003cbr\u003eThe wool industry in England since Elizabeth; silk-manufacture; iron; cotton\u003cbr\u003eOrigin of free wage labour.  Vagabondage.  (Tuckett)\u003cbr\u003eBlake on accumulation and rate of profit; dormant capital\u003cbr\u003eDomestic agriculture at the beginning of the sixteenth century.  (Tuckett)\u003cbr\u003eProfit.  Interest.  Influence of machinery on the wage fund.  \u003ci\u003e(Westminster Review)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMoney as measure of values and yardstick of prices.  Critique of theories of the standard measure of money\u003cbr\u003eTransformation of the medium of circulation into money.  Formation of treasures.  Means of payment.  Prices of commodities and quantity of circulating money.  Value of money\u003cbr\u003eCapital, not labour, determines the value of money (Torrens)\u003cbr\u003eThe minimum of wages\u003cbr\u003eCotton machinery and working men in 1826.  (Hodgskin)\u003cbr\u003eHow the machine creates raw material.  \u003ci\u003e(Economist)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMachinery and surplus labour\u003cbr\u003eCapital and profit.  Relation of the worker to the conditions of labour in capitalist production.  All parts of capital bring a profit\u003cbr\u003eTendency of the machine to prolong labour\u003cbr\u003eCotton factories in England.  Example for machinery and surplus labour\u003cbr\u003eExamples from Glasgow for the rate of profit\u003cbr\u003eAlienation of the conditions of labour with the development of capital.  Inversion\u003cbr\u003eMerivale.  Natural dependence of the worker in colonies to be replaced by artificial restrictions\u003cbr\u003eHow the machine saves material.  Bread.  Dureau de la Malle\u003cbr\u003eDevelopment of money and interest\u003cbr\u003eProductive consumpion.  Newman.  Transformations of capital.  Economic cycle\u003cbr\u003eDr. Price.  Innate power of capital\u003cbr\u003eProudhon.  Capital and simple exchange.  Surplus\u003cbr\u003eNecessity of the worker's propertylessness\u003cbr\u003eGaliani\u003cbr\u003eTheory of savings.  Storch\u003cbr\u003eMacCulloch.  Surplus.  Profit\u003cbr\u003eArnd.  Natural interest\u003cbr\u003eInterest and profit.  Carey\u003cbr\u003eHow merchant takes the place of master\u003cbr\u003eMerchant wealth\u003cbr\u003eCommerce with equivalents impossible.  Opdyke\u003cbr\u003ePrincipal and interest\u003cbr\u003eDouble standard\u003cbr\u003eOn money\u003cbr\u003eJames Mill's false theory of prices\u003cbr\u003eRicardo on currency\u003cbr\u003eOn money\u003cbr\u003eTheory of foreign trade.  Two nations may exchange according to the law of profit in such a way that both gain, but one is always defrauded\u003cbr\u003eMoney in its third role, as money\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e(I) Value (This section to be brought forward)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBastiat and Carey\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBastiat's economic harmonies\u003cbr\u003eBastiat on wages\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732375712087,"sku":"9780140445756","price":17.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780140445756.jpg?v=1719996611"},{"product_id":"capital-9780140445701","title":"Capital","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUnfinished at the time of Marx''s death in 1883 and first published with a preface by Frederick Engels in 1894, the third volume of Das Kapital strove to combine the theories and concepts of the two previous volumes in order to prove conclusively that capitalism is inherently unworkable as a permanent system for society. Here, Marx asserts controversially that - regardless of the efforts of individual capitalists, public authorities or even generous philanthropists - any market economy is inevitably doomed to endure a series of worsening, explosive crises leading finally to complete collapse. But healso offers an inspirational and compelling prediction: that the end of capitalism will culminate, ultimately, in the birth of a far greater form of society.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction by Ernest Mandel\u003cbr\u003ePreface (Frederick Engels)\u003cbr\u003eBOOK III: THE PROCESS OF CAPITALIST PRODUCTION AS A WHOLE\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART ONE: THE TRANSFORMATION OF SURPLUS-VALUE INTO PROFIT, AND OF THE RATE OF SURPLUS-VALUE INTO THE RATE OF PROFIT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1: Cost Price and Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2: The Rate of Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3: The Relationship between Rate of Profit and Rate of Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4: The Effect of the Turnover on the Rate of Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5: Economy in the Use of Constant Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. General Considerations\u003cbr\u003e2. Saving on the Conditions of Work at the Workers' Expense\u003cbr\u003e3. Economy in the Generation and Transmission of Power, and on Buildings\u003cbr\u003e4. Utilization of the Refuse of Production\u003cbr\u003e5. Economy through Inventions\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6: The Effect of Changes in Price \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Fluctuations in the Price of Raw Material; Their Direct Effects on the Rate of Profit\u003cbr\u003e2. Revaluation and Devaluation of Capital; Release and Tying-Up of Capital\u003cbr\u003e3. General Illustration: The Cotton Crisis 1861-5\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7: Supplementary Remarks \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART TWO: THE TRANSFORMATION OF PROFIT INTO AVERAGE PROFIT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8: Different Compositions of Capital in Different Branches of Production, and the Resulting Variation in Rates of Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9: Formation of a General Rate of Profit (Average Rate of Profit), and Transformation of Commodity Values into Prices of Production\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10: The Equalization of the General Rate of Profit through Competition. Market Prices and Market Values. Surplus Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11: The Effects of General Fluctuations in Wages on the Prices of Production\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12: Supplementary Remarks\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Causes of a Change in the Price of Production\u003cbr\u003e2. The Production Price of Commodities of Average Composition\u003cbr\u003e3. The Capitalist's Grounds for Compensation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART THREE: THE LAW OF THE TENDENTIAL FALL IN THE RATE OF PROFIT \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13: The Law Itself\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14: Counteracting Factors\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. More Intense Exploitation of Labour\u003cbr\u003e2. Reduction of Wages below their Value\u003cbr\u003e3. Cheapening of the Elements of Constant Capital\u003cbr\u003e4. The Relative Surplus Population\u003cbr\u003e5. Foreign Trade\u003cbr\u003e6. The Increase in Share Capital\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15: Development of the Law's Internal Contradictions \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. General Considerations\u003cbr\u003e2. The Conflict between the Extension of Production and Valorization\u003cbr\u003e3. Surplus Capital alongside Surplus Population\u003cbr\u003e4. Supplementary Remarks\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART FOUR: THE TRANSFORMATION OF COMMODITY CAPITAL AND MONEY CAPITAL INTO COMMERCIAL CAPITAL AND MONEY-DEALING CAPITAL (MERCHANT'S CAPITAL) \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16: Commercial Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17: Commercial Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18: The Turnover of Commercial Capital. Prices\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19. Money-Dealing Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20: Historical Material on Merchant's Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART FIVE: THE DIVISION OF PROFIT INTO INTEREST AND PROFIT OF ENTERPRISE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21: Interest-Bearing Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 22: Division of Profit. Rate of Interest. \"Natural\" Rate of Interest\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 23: Interest and Profit of Enterprise\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 24: Interest-Bearing Capital as the Superficial Form of the Capital Relation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 25: Credit and Fictitious Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 26: Accumulation of Money Capital, and its Influence on the Rate of Interest\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 27: The Role of Credit in Capitalist Production\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 28: Means of Circulation and CApital. The Views of Tooke and Fullarton\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 29: Banking Capital's Component Parts\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 30: Money Capital and Real Capital: I\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 31: Money Capital and Real Capital: II (Continuation)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Transformation of Money into Loan Capital\u003cbr\u003e2. Transformation of Capital or Revenue into Money that is Transformed into Loan Capital\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 32: Money Capital and Real Capital: III (Conclusion) \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 33: The Means of Circulation under the Credit System\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 34: The Currency Principle and the English Bank Legislation of 1844\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 35: Precious Metal and Rate of Exchange\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Movement of the Gold Reserve\u003cbr\u003e2. The Exchange Rate\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 36: Pre-Capitalist Relations \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART SIX: THE TRANSFORMATION OF SURPLUS PROFIT INTO GROUND-RENT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 37: Introduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 38: Differential Rent in General\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 39: The First Form of Differential Rent (Differential Rent I)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 40: The Second Form of Differential Rent (Differential Rent II)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 41: Differential Rent II - First Case: Price of Production Constant\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 42: Differential Rent II - Second Case: Price of Production Falling\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. With the Productivity of the Extra Capital Investment Remaining Constant\u003cbr\u003e2. A Falling Rate of Productivity for the Extra Capital\u003cbr\u003e3. A Rising Rate of Productivity for the Extra Capital\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 43: Differential Rent II - Third Case: Rising Price of Production. Results \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 44: Differential Rent Even on the Poorest Land Cultivated\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 45: Absolute Ground-Rent\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 46: Rent of Buildings. Rent of Mines. Price of Land\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 47: The Genesis of Capitalist Ground-Rent\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2. Labour Rent\u003cbr\u003e3. Rent in Kind\u003cbr\u003e4. Money Rent\u003cbr\u003e5. Share-Cropping and Small-Scale Peasant Ownership\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART SEVEN: THE REVENUES AND THEIR SOURCES \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 48: The Trinity Formula\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 49: On the Analysis of the Production Process\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 50: The Illusion Created by Competition\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 51: Relations of Distribution and Relations of Production\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 52: Classes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSupplement and Addendum to Volume 3 of \u003ci\u003eCapital\u003c\/i\u003e (Frederick Engels) \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Law of Value and Rate of Profit\u003cbr\u003e2. The Stock Exchange\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuotations in Languages Other than English and German\u003cbr\u003eIndex of Authorities Quoted\u003cbr\u003eGeneral Index\u003cbr\u003eNote on Previous Editions of the Works of Marx and Engels\u003cbr\u003eChronology of Works by Marx and Engels\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732375744855,"sku":"9780140445701","price":17.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780140445701.jpg?v=1719996611"},{"product_id":"capital-9780140445695","title":"Capital","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe forgotten second volume of Capital, Marx''s world-shaking analysis of economics, politics, and history, contains the vital discussion of commodity, the cornerstone to Marx''s theories.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCapital Volume 2       Introduction\u003cbr\u003eTranslator's Preface\u003cbr\u003ePreface (Frederick Engels)\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the Second Edition (Frederick Engels)\u003cbr\u003eBook II: The Process of Circulation of Capital\u003cbr\u003ePart One: The Metamorphoses of Capital and their Circuit\u003cb\u003eChapter 1: The Circuit of Money Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. First Stage. M-C\u003cbr\u003e2. Second Stage. The Function of Productive Capital\u003cbr\u003e3. Third Stage. C'-M'\u003cbr\u003e4. The Circuit as a Whole\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2: The Circuit of Productive Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Simple Reproduction\u003cbr\u003e2. Accumulation and Reproduction on an Expanded Scale\u003cbr\u003e3. Accumulation of Money\u003cbr\u003e4. The Reserve Fund\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3: The Circuit of Commodity Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4: The Three Figures of the Circuit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e(Natural Economy, Money Economy and Credit Economy)\u003cbr\u003e(The Matching of Demand and Supply)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5: Circulation Time\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6: The Costs of Circulation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Pure Circulation Costs\u003cbr\u003e(a) Buying and Selling Time\u003cbr\u003e(b) Book-keeping\u003cbr\u003e(c) Money\u003cbr\u003e2. Costs of Storage\u003cbr\u003e(a) Stock Formation in General\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Commodity Stock Proper\u003cbr\u003e3. Transport Costs\u003cbr\u003ePart Two: The Turnover of Capital\u003cb\u003eChapter 7: Turnover Time and Number of Turnovers\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8: Fixed Capital and Circulating Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Formal Distinctions\u003cbr\u003e2. Components, Replacement, Repairs and Accumulation of the Fixed Capital\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9: The Overall Turnover of the Capital Advanced. Turnover Cycles\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10: Theories of Fixed and Circulating Capital. The Physiocrats and Adam Smith\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11: Theories of Fixed and Circulating Capital. Ricardo\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12: The Working Period\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13: Production Time\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14: Circulation Time\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15: Effect of Circulation Time on the Magnitude of the Capital Advanced\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Working Period and Circulation Period Equal\u003cbr\u003e2. Working Period Longer than Circulation Period\u003cbr\u003e3. Working Period Shorter than Circulation Period\u003cbr\u003e4. Results\u003cbr\u003e5. Effect of Changes in Price\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16: The Turnover of Variable Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Annual Rate of Surplus-Value\u003cbr\u003e2. The Turnover of an Individual Variable Capital\u003cbr\u003e3. The Turnover of Variable Capital Considered from the Social Point of View\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17: The Circulation of Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Simple Reproduction\u003cbr\u003e2. Accumulation and Expanded Reproduction\u003cbr\u003ePart Three: The Reproduction and Circulation of the Total Social Capital\u003cb\u003eChapter 18: Introduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Object of the Inquiry\u003cbr\u003e2. The Role of Money Capital\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19: Former Presentations of the Subject\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Physiocrats\u003cbr\u003e2. Adam Smith\u003cbr\u003e(a) Smith's General Perspectives\u003cbr\u003e(b) Smith's Resolution of Exchange-Value into v+s\u003cbr\u003e(c) The Constant Capital Component\u003cbr\u003e(d) Capital and Revenue in Adam Smith\u003cbr\u003e(e) Summary\u003cbr\u003e3. Later Writers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20: Simple Reproduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Formulation of the Problem\u003cbr\u003e2. The Two Departments of Social Production\u003cbr\u003e3. Exchange Between the Two Departments: I against II\u003cbr\u003e4. Exchange Within Department II. Necessary Means of Subsistence and Luxury Items\u003cbr\u003e5. The Mediation of the Exchanges by Monetary Circulation\u003cbr\u003e6. The Constant Capital in Department I\u003cbr\u003e7. Variable Capital and Surplus-Value in the Two Departments\u003cbr\u003e8. The Constant Capital in Both Departments\u003cbr\u003e9. A Look Back at Adam Smith, Storch and Ramsay\u003cbr\u003e10. Capital and Revenue: Variable Capital and Wages\u003cbr\u003e11. Replacement of the Fixed Capital\u003cbr\u003e(a) Replacement of the Depreciation Component in the Money Form\u003cbr\u003e(b) Replacement of the Fixed Capital in Kind\u003cbr\u003e(c) Results\u003cbr\u003e12. The Reproduction of the Money Material\u003cbr\u003e13. Destutt de Tracy's Theory of Reproduction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21: Accumulation and Reproduction on an Expanded Scale\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Accumulation in Department I\u003cbr\u003e(a) Hoard Formation\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Additional Constant Capital\u003cbr\u003e(c) The Additional Variable Capital\u003cbr\u003e2. Accumulation in Department II\u003cbr\u003e3. Schematic Presentation of Accumulation\u003cbr\u003e(a) First Example\u003cbr\u003e(b) Second Example\u003cbr\u003e(c) The Exchange of II in the Case of Accumulation\u003cbr\u003e4. Supplementary Remarks\u003cbr\u003eQuotations in Languages Other than English and German\u003cbr\u003eIndex of Authorities Quoted\u003cbr\u003eGeneral Index\u003cbr\u003eNote on Previous Editions of the Works of Marx and Engels\u003cbr\u003eChronology of Works by Marx and Engels","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732375777623,"sku":"9780140445695","price":15.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780140445695.jpg?v=1719996612"},{"product_id":"conspicuous-consumption-9780141023984","title":"Conspicuous Consumption","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThorstein Bunde Veblen (1857-1929) was an American economist and sociologist. 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How had our models so utterly failed us? \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVirtually every day, we make wagers on the future - but, even when we''re not driven by factors entirely beyond our conscious control, the maps by which we are steering are often out-of-date. \u003ci\u003eThe Map and the Territory\u003c\/i\u003e is an important attempt to update our forecasting conceptual grid using twenty-first-century technologies, offering a lucid and empirical grounding in what we can know about economic forecasting and what we can''t.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732497838423,"sku":"9780141978130","price":11.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780141978130.jpg?v=1719997146"},{"product_id":"good-economics-for-hard-times-9780141986197","title":"Good Economics for Hard Times","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExcellent, important, disarmingly down to earth . . .  they seek to shed much-needed light upon the distortions that bad economics bring to public debates while methodically deconstructing their false assumptions. * Observer *\u003cbr\u003eNot all economists wear ties and think like bankers. In their wonderfully refreshing book, Banerjee and Duflo delve into impressive areas of new research questioning conventional views about issues ranging from\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003etrade to top income taxation and mobility, and offer their own powerful vision of how we can grapple with them. A must-read. -- Thomas Piketty, author of Capital in the Twenty-First Century\u003cbr\u003eCompelling, useful, relevant ... Banerjee and Duflo use extensive data to zoom out and show us a wider view of these human dynamics -- Bill Gates\u003cbr\u003eExcellent ... Few have grappled as energetically with the complexity of real life as Esther Duflo and Abhijit Banerjee, or got their boots as dirty in the process ... Readers will be captivated * The Economist *\u003cbr\u003eA canard-slaying, unconventional take on economics ... invigorating ... a treasure trove of facts and findings about the biggest economic issues of the day * The Times *\u003cbr\u003eA magnificent achievement, and the perfect book for our time. Banerjee and Duflo brilliantly illuminate the largest issues of the day, including immigration, trade, climate change, and inequality. -- Cass R. Sunstein, author of How Change Happens\u003cbr\u003eBanerjee and Duflo are masters of this terrain . . . Their book is as stimulating as it gets","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732505932119,"sku":"9780141986197","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780141986197.jpg?v=1719997180"},{"product_id":"the-econocracy-9780141986869","title":"The Econocracy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e''Our democracy has gone profoundly wrong. Economists have failed us. Politicians have lied to us. Things must change. This fearless new book will help make it happen'' Owen Jones\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e''\u003cb\u003eAn  explosive call for change ... packed with original research ... a  case  study for the question we should all be asking since the crash:  how have  the elites - in Westminster, in the City, in economics -  stayed in  charge?'' Aditya Chakrabortty, \u003ci\u003eGuardian\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e''Utterly compelling and sobering'' Ha-Joon Chang\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA century ago, the idea of ''the economy'' didn''t exist. Now economics is  the supreme ideology of our time, with its own rules and language. The  trouble is, most of us can''t speak it.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is damaging democracy.  Dangerous agendas are hidden inside mathematical wrappers; controversial  policies are presented as ''proven'' by the models of economic ''science''.  Government is being turned over to a publicly unaccountable  technocratic elite.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732507308375,"sku":"9780141986869","price":9.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780141986869.jpg?v=1719997186"},{"product_id":"licence-to-be-bad-9780141986951","title":"Licence to be Bad","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e''It is going to change the way in which we understand many modern debates about economics, politics, and society'' Ha Joon Chang, author of \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Things They Don''t Tell You About Capitalism\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOver the past fifty years, the way we value what is ''good'' and ''right'' has changed dramatically. Behaviour that to our grandparents'' generation might have seemed stupid, harmful or simply wicked now seems rational, natural, woven into the very logic of things. And, asserts Jonathan Aldred in this revelatory new book, it''s economics that''s to blame.\u003ci\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLicence to be Bad\u003c\/i\u003e tells the story of how a group of economics theorists changed our world, and how a handful of key ideas, from free-riding to Nudge, seeped into our decision-making and, indeed, almost all aspects of our lives. Aldred reveals the extraordinary hold of economics on our morals and values. Economics has corrupted us. But if this hidden transformation is so recent, it can be reversed. \u003ci\u003eLice\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e[A] fascinating assault on modern economic orthodoxy... It is a call for us all to put aside our prejudices - some of which have been invented for us, decades ago - and ask, is this what we need? Is it even what we really want? -- Tim Stanley * Daily Telegraph *\u003cbr\u003eIn this highly enlightening and hugely entertaining book, Jonathan Aldred guides us through the badlands of modern economics, revealing its pitfalls, quicksand, and quagmires. It is going to change the way in which we understand many modern debates about economics, politics, and society. -- Ha-Joon Chang, University of Cambridge, author of 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism and Economics: The User's Guide\u003cbr\u003eThis an important and timely book, the best I have recently read on the subject of 'whither economics?' -- Lord Robert Skidelsky\u003cbr\u003eAn entertaining, wide-ranging and often challenging argument. Aldred writes exceptionally well and there is much here to agree with ... It's impossible to do justice to the sheer range of issues tackled. -- Paul Johnson * Literary Review *\u003cbr\u003eIlluminating ... an unusual approach to critiquing the modern economic canon. -- Paul Collier * Times Literary Supplement *\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732507439447,"sku":"9780141986951","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780141986951.jpg?v=1719997187"},{"product_id":"adam-smith-9780141987118","title":"Adam Smith","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e''A superb book'' \u003ci\u003eFinancial Times\u003c\/i\u003e, Books of the Year\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdam  Smith is now widely regarded as ''the father of modern economics'' and  the most influential economist who ever lived. But what he really  thought, and what the implications of his ideas are, remain fiercely  contested. Was he an eloquent advocate of capitalism and the freedom of  the individual? Or a prime mover of ''market fundamentalism'' and an  apologist for inequality and human selfishness? Or something else  entirely? Jesse Norman''s brilliantly conceived ook gives us not just  Smith''s economics, but his vastly wider intellectual project. Against  the turbulent backdrop of Enlightenment Scotland, it lays out a succinct  and highly engaging account of Smith''s life and times, reviews his work  as a whole and traces his influence over the past two centuries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBut  this book is not only a biography. It dispels the myths and debunks the  caricatures that have grown up around Adam Smith. It exp\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis splendid book not only presents an excellent introduction to the life and ideas of Adam Smith, but also explains why - and how - Smith's insights can help us solve some of the most difficult social and economic problems of the contemporary world.  Smith loved lucidity and relevance, and I think he would have been very happy with Norman's book. -- Amartya Sen\u003cbr\u003eMasterly ... amid the superficiality and hysterics of modern British politics, an admirably thoughtful brain is lurking -- Edward Lucas * The Times *\u003cbr\u003eAn important work of revisionist biography with a direct and important impact on the intellectual underpinnings of liberal free-market thought -- Oliver Letwin * Telegraph *\u003cbr\u003eSuperb ... Norman succeeds in demonstrating the coherence and subtlety of Adam Smith's thought -- Martin Wolf * Financial Times (Books of the Year) *\u003cbr\u003eA remarkable and intensely readable book ... a rejoinder to those who fear that the intellectual has disappeared from politics -- John Kay * Financial Times *\u003cbr\u003eThis book is well-written, well-argued and intensely thought-provoking, and it will rightly raise Smith's posthumous reputation -- Simon Heffer * Spectator *\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732507603287,"sku":"9780141987118","price":11.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780141987118.jpg?v=1719997189"},{"product_id":"mission-economy-9780141991689","title":"Mission Economy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e''One of the most influential economists in the world'' \u003ci\u003eWired\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEven before the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, capitalism was stuck. It had no answers to a host of problems, including disease, inequality, the digital divide and, perhaps most blatantly, the environmental crisis. Taking her inspiration from the ''moonshot'' programmes which successfully co-ordinated public and private sectors on a massive scale, Mariana Mazzucato calls for the same level of boldness and experimentation to be applied to the biggest problems of our time. We must, she argues, rethink the capacities and role of government within the economy and society, and above all recover a sense of public purpose. \u003ci\u003eMission Economy\u003c\/i\u003e, whose ideas are already being adopted around the world, offers a way out of our impasse to a more optimistic future.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe case for a new approach is overwhelming and Mariana Mazzucato's project is ambitious ... \u003ci\u003eMission Economy\u003c\/i\u003e injects the kind of vision, ambition and imagination so desperately missing from government today ... All those in favour of a better future - of prosperity that is broadly shared, first class public services to be enjoyed by all, and a solution to the climate crisis - should read this book. -- Tom Kibasi * The Guardian *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eOne of the most agile thinkers on post-Brexit, post-Covid Britain.\u003c\/b\u003e -- Alex Brummer * Daily Mail *\u003cbr\u003ea wider and more radical critique of modern capitalism ... \u003cb\u003eMazzucato is a fantastic example of a charismatic policy entrepreneur having a real impact\u003c\/b\u003e ... Mazzucato rightly shows that the state can rise to grand challenges and set ambitious missions. -- David Willetts * Research Professional News *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ea bracing, optimistic read\u003c\/b\u003e -- David Miliband\u003cbr\u003eA timely and optimistic vision ... Mazzucato presents her arguments so simply and clearly that they can seem obvious. In fact, they are revolutionary. Rethinking the role of government nationally and in the international economy - to put public purpose first and solve the problems that matter to people - are now the central questions for humanity -- Jayati Ghosh * Nature *\u003cbr\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eMission Economy \u003c\/i\u003eMariana Mazzucato argues that societies ought to abjure tired ideologies and embrace the policy approach that put astronauts on the Moon. By setting grand missions for themselves, she writes, and deploying the power of the state in practical ways, they can become more prosperous and equitable ... Mazzucato is an Italian-born economist of a heterodox bent, whose work has long challenged standard economic thinking about the role of markets and government in generating innovation ... compelling ... arresting * Economist *\u003cbr\u003e'This book is by an influential thinker on an important topic at a time when trust in direction by governments has risen greatly relative to trust in decentralised competition within markets. Mazzucato recommends goal-oriented innovation as the way forward for the world.' -- Martin Wolf * Financial Times *\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMission Economy\u003c\/i\u003e  proposes that we need to corral the state's energies into risky moonshots-just as JFK did with space travel. The mission then needs translating into a target whose achievement can be monitored. According to ex-Bank of England governor Mark Carney, the missing ingredient in economics is morality. * Prospect *","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732513796439,"sku":"9780141991689","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"greed-is-dead-9780141994161","title":"Greed Is Dead","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ethis thoughtful polemic... is clear, punchy and... convincing... their breezy, no-nonsense guide is packed with excellent advice - a plea for expertise rather than feeling, for pragmatism rather than ideology and for listening rather than shouting. -- Christina Patterson * Sunday Times *\u003cbr\u003eTwo of the most thoughtful economists writing today ... Collier and Kay are interesting on almost every subject they alight upon. -- Richard Reeves * Literary Review *\u003cbr\u003eWritten by two of the UK's best economists, the book attacks the solipsistic individualism that permeates modern economics and far too much of modern society. The book's animating idea is that humans are first and foremost social animals. Our successes always depend on co-operation. The authors apply this concept to our economic, social and political institutions, which can, they argue, only be revived by being seen as self-sustaining communities. -- Martin Wolf * Financial Times Books of the Year *\u003cbr\u003eTheir analysis is pitiless and compelling. This is a fine, incisive polemic. -- Clement Knox * Telegraph *\u003cbr\u003eIn a provocative but thought-provoking and nuanced argument, Collier and Kay argue that our culture of hyper-centralisation is choking us. -- Books of the Year * Daily Telegraph *","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732515565911,"sku":"9780141994161","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780141994161.jpg?v=1719997222"},{"product_id":"hot-money-9780141996882","title":"Hot Money","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIn twenty short books, Penguin brings you the classics of the environmental movement.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eHot Money \u003c\/i\u003eNaomi Klein lays out the evidence that deregulated capitalism is waging war on the climate, and shows that, in order to stop the damage, we must change everything we think about how our world is run.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOver the past 75 years, a new canon has emerged. As life on Earth has become irrevocably altered by humans, visionary thinkers around the world have raised their voices to defend the planet, and affirm our place at the heart of its restoration. Their words have endured through the decades, becoming the classics of a movement. Together, these books show the richness of environmental thought, and point the way to a fairer, saner, greener world.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732516450647,"sku":"9780141996882","price":8.04,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780141996882.jpg?v=1719997230"},{"product_id":"grand-transitions-how-the-modern-world-was-made-9780190060664","title":"Grand Transitions How the Modern World Was Made","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGrand Transitions shows Vaclav Smil truly to be Bringing It All Back Home * John Roy Porter, Natures Sciences Sociétés *\u003cbr\u003eVaclav Smil is my favorite author. * Bill Gates, GatesNotes *\u003cbr\u003eHis book roams impressively around the globe and across five centuries as it asks big questions and searches for big answers. . . .His five-pack of grand transitions encompasses population, agriculture and diets, energy, economy, and environment. . . . anyone who hasn't read about these subjects since graduation will be awestruck by the amount of research that has gone into these vaguely familiar stories. Smil pulls recent studies together, throws in a few of his own, offers interpretive twists, and fills his account with delicious nuggets of information. (This book actually got me in trouble at home, as I kept asking my family, \"Did you know...\" about some gem of an anecdote.) * Andre Schmid, Literary Review of Canada *\u003cbr\u003eNo one writes about the great issues of our time with more rigor or erudition than Vaclav Smil. Grand Transitions is at once sweeping, sobering, and profoundly informative. * Elizabeth Kolbert, author of The Sixth Extinction, winner of the Pulitzer Prize *\u003cbr\u003eAn expert portrait of spectacular technical and economic advances that many in the 21st century enjoy but which exclude large segments of the population and are creating problems that may or may not be solvable. Ingenious, insightful, and disturbing. * Kirkus *\u003cbr\u003eUnderpinned by mesmerizing data and deep analysis, Grand Transitions provides a clear and compelling framework for thinking about the future of energy, the environment, and the economy. A feast for anyone interested in the future of energy. A must read. * Atul Arya, Chief Energy Strategist, IHS Markit *\u003cbr\u003eGrand Transitions is the epitome of excellence in integrative systemic scientific analysis, anchored in a magisterial exploration of the main five transitions of mankind since civilizations emerged. And it provides a healthy antidote to the wishful thinking so prevalent today. Decision makers and the public should educate themselves with this authoritative evaluation, which will shape their decisions on how to ensure a harmonious, sustainable future for all. * Didier Sornette, Professor of Entrepreneurial Risks and Finance, ETH Zurich *\u003cbr\u003eFor a generation, polymath Vaclav Smil has expounded on the big patterns in energy, food, and other means through which humans have transformed their environment. In Grand Transitions he has zoomed out even further to paint a picture of how the pieces fit together and to explain how the modern world works. In elegant prose with relentless attention to fact and reality-rare these days-he has written a masterpiece that forces you to think, disagree, wonder, and grapple with the accomplishments and challenges of today's industrial society. * David G. Victor, Professor of International Relations, University of California, San Diego *\u003cbr\u003eIn Grand Transitions, Vaclav Smil reminds us of the fundamental point that the economy cannot be untethered from nature. Technological ingenuity has loosened the links, but the outlook for economic gains--or losses--is inextricably tied to the dynamics of population change, and of food and energy production. * Diane Coyle, Bennett Professor of Public Policy, University of Cambridge *\u003cbr\u003eInvesting requires quantification of impact. But Vaclav Smil convincingly challenges the increased reliance on applying mathematical modelling to single-frame narratives. He steadily illustrates why such approaches seldom provide useful enough insights, as they tend to ignore technical constraints and biospheric limits. * Philippe Rohner, Pictet Asset Management *\u003cbr\u003eSmil offers a sweeping account of the deep material forces that have shaped the modern world... He tells a remarkable story of the human capacity to innovate, build, and integrate societies across vast distances. * Foreign Affairs *\u003cbr\u003eSmil is a conjurer with numbers. In Grand Transitions, he works to show just how thoroughly this is now a planet of our making--and how rapidly the transformation is still happening. * Washington Post *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Epochal Transitions 2. Populations 3. Agricultures and Diets 4. Energies 5. Economies 6. Environment 7. Outcomes and Outlooks","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732530082135,"sku":"9780190060664","price":26.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780190060664.jpg?v=1719997294"},{"product_id":"behavioral-finance-9780190868734","title":"Behavioral Finance","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePeople tend to be penny wise and pound foolish and cry over spilt milk, even though we are taught to do neither. Focusing on the present at the expense of the future and basing decisions on lost value are two mistakes common to decision-making that are particularly costly in the world of finance. Behavioral Finance: What Everyone Needs to KnowR provides an overview of common shortcuts and mistakes people make in managing their finances. It covers the common cognitive biases or errors that occur when people are collecting, processing, and interpreting information. These include emotional biases and the influence of social factors, from culture to the behavior of one''s peers. These effects vary during one''s life, reflecting differences in due to age, experience, and gender. Among the questions to be addressed are: How did the financial crisis of 2007-2008 spur understanding human behavior? What are market anomalies and how do they relate to behavioral biases? What role does overconfide\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBehavioral Finance is a compact and useful overview of this important, comparatively new sub-field of finance and an excellent resource for practitioners wanting to refresh or deepen their understanding. * Enterprising Investor *\u003cbr\u003eIf you are looking for a book that explains behavioral finance in plain understandable language, then this book is for you. This book adeptly applies the classic Socratic method to explain why the behavioral approach better explains the behavior of normal people than the neoclassical approach. * Hersh Shefrin, Mario L. Belotti Professor of Finance, Santa Clara University *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1. Foundations and Psychological Concepts Chapter 2. Cognitive Biases Chapter 3. Emotional Biases and Social\/Cultural Influences  Chapter 4. Investor Behavior  Chapter 5. Nudge: The Influence of Frame Dependence  Chapter 6. Cognitive Ability  Notes Index","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732546367831,"sku":"9780190868734","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780190868734.jpg?v=1719997365"},{"product_id":"choice-theory-9780192803030","title":"Choice Theory","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWe make choices all the time - about trivial matters, about how to spend our money, about how to spend our time, about what to do with our lives. And we are also constantly judging the decisions other people make as rational or irrational. But what kind of criteria are we applying when we say that a choice is rational? What guides our own choices, especially in cases where we don''t have complete information about the outcomes? What strategies should be applied in making decisions which affect a lot of people, as in the case of government policy?This book explores what it means to be rational in all these contexts. It introduces ideas from economics, philosophy, and other areas, showing how the theory applies to decisions in everyday life, and to particular situations such as gambling and the allocation of resources.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ea spirited and efficient welcome for newcomers should brighten many minds already much immersed - make them newcomers again. * Sydney Afriat, University of Siena *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Choice and desire ; 2. Reason and rationality ; 3. Racing and roulette ; 4. Gambling and insurance ; 5. Conflict and cooperation ; 6. Democracy and Dictatorship","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732588900695,"sku":"9780192803030","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"exploitation-as-domination-what-makes-capitalism-unjust-new-topics-in-applied-philosophy-9780192867698","title":"Exploitation as Domination What Makes Capitalism","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. It is offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.Exploitation is a globally pervasive phenomenon. Slavery, serfdom, and the patriarchy are part of its lineage. Temporary and sex workers, commercial surrogacy, precarious labour contracts, sweatshops, and markets in blood, vaccines or human organs, are some contemporary manifestations of exploitation. What makes these exploitative transactions unjust? And is capitalism inherently exploitative? This book offers answers to these two questions. Nicholas Vrousalis argues that exploitation is a form of domination, self-enrichment through the domination of others. On the domination view, exploitation complaints are not, fundamentally, about harm, coercion or unfairness. Rather, they are about who serves whom and why. Exploitation, in a word, is a dividend of servitude: the dividend the powerful extract from the servitude of the vulnerable. Vrousalis claims that this servitude is inherent to capitalist relations between consenting adults whereby capital is monetary control over the labour capacity of others. It follows that capitalism, the mode of production where capital predominates, is an inherently unjust social structure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is to the great credit of this book, and its author, that they focus attention on such questions, and provide a clear rationale for their pursuit. * Callum Zavos MacRae, The Philosophy Department, The Graduate Center, NY, United States *\u003cbr\u003eIn Exploitation as Domination, Nicholas Vrousalis brings philosophical discussions of exploitation full circle back to capitalism. * Lillian Cicerchia, University of Amsterdam *\u003cbr\u003eThe book makes a powerful case for the major conceptual connections that it proposes, and it will most likely serve in the years to come as both an instructive example of the rigor and breadth with which novel research in the philosophy of socialism can be conducted. * Callum Zavos MacRae, Res Publica *\u003cbr\u003eVrousalis' book brings us to the brink of [...] a revived critique of political economy, rather than a new theory of distributive justice. * Lillian Cicerchia, Economics \u0026amp; Philosophy *\u003cbr\u003eIt is to the great credit of this book, and its author, that they focus attention on such questions, and provide a clear rationale for their pursuit. * Callum Zavos MacRae, Res Publica *\u003cbr\u003eThis book explores the conceptual interrelationships between human \"exploitation\" and \"domination.\" ...This book is extremely well written and well organized. * Choice *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTable of Contents List of Figures and Tables Introduction Background 1: Theories of Exploitation Theory 2: Domination at Work 3: How Exploiters Dominate 4: Structural Domination in the Market Applications 5: Capitalist Exploitation: Its Forms, Origin, and Fate 6: Exploitation and International Relations Alternatives 7: The Emancipated Economy References","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732605907287,"sku":"9780192867698","price":76.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780192867698.jpg?v=1719997619"},{"product_id":"grand-transitions-9780197696750","title":"Grand Transitions","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGrand Transitions shows Vaclav Smil truly to be Bringing It All Back Home * John Roy Porter, Natures Sciences Sociétés *\u003cbr\u003eVaclav Smil is my favorite author. * Bill Gates, GatesNotes *\u003cbr\u003eHis book roams impressively around the globe and across five centuries as it asks big questions and searches for big answers. . . .His five-pack of grand transitions encompasses population, agriculture and diets, energy, economy, and environment. . . . anyone who hasn't read about these subjects since graduation will be awestruck by the amount of research that has gone into these vaguely familiar stories. Smil pulls recent studies together, throws in a few of his own, offers interpretive twists, and fills his account with delicious nuggets of information. (This book actually got me in trouble at home, as I kept asking my family, \"Did you know...\" about some gem of an anecdote.) * Andre Schmid, Literary Review of Canada *\u003cbr\u003eNo one writes about the great issues of our time with more rigor or erudition than Vaclav Smil. Grand Transitions is at once sweeping, sobering, and profoundly informative. * Elizabeth Kolbert, author of The Sixth Extinction, winner of the Pulitzer Prize *\u003cbr\u003eAn expert portrait of spectacular technical and economic advances that many in the 21st century enjoy but which exclude large segments of the population and are creating problems that may or may not be solvable. Ingenious, insightful, and disturbing. * Kirkus *\u003cbr\u003eUnderpinned by mesmerizing data and deep analysis, Grand Transitions provides a clear and compelling framework for thinking about the future of energy, the environment, and the economy. A feast for anyone interested in the future of energy. A must read. * Atul Arya, Chief Energy Strategist, IHS Markit *\u003cbr\u003eGrand Transitions is the epitome of excellence in integrative systemic scientific analysis, anchored in a magisterial exploration of the main five transitions of mankind since civilizations emerged. And it provides a healthy antidote to the wishful thinking so prevalent today. Decision makers and the public should educate themselves with this authoritative evaluation, which will shape their decisions on how to ensure a harmonious, sustainable future for all. * Didier Sornette, Professor of Entrepreneurial Risks and Finance, ETH Zurich *\u003cbr\u003eFor a generation, polymath Vaclav Smil has expounded on the big patterns in energy, food, and other means through which humans have transformed their environment. In Grand Transitions he has zoomed out even further to paint a picture of how the pieces fit together and to explain how the modern world works. In elegant prose with relentless attention to fact and reality-rare these days-he has written a masterpiece that forces you to think, disagree, wonder, and grapple with the accomplishments and challenges of today's industrial society. * David G. Victor, Professor of International Relations, University of California, San Diego *\u003cbr\u003eIn Grand Transitions, Vaclav Smil reminds us of the fundamental point that the economy cannot be untethered from nature. Technological ingenuity has loosened the links, but the outlook for economic gains--or losses--is inextricably tied to the dynamics of population change, and of food and energy production. * Diane Coyle, Bennett Professor of Public Policy, University of Cambridge *\u003cbr\u003eInvesting requires quantification of impact. But Vaclav Smil convincingly challenges the increased reliance on applying mathematical modelling to single-frame narratives. He steadily illustrates why such approaches seldom provide useful enough insights, as they tend to ignore technical constraints and biospheric limits. * Philippe Rohner, Pictet Asset Management *\u003cbr\u003eSmil offers a sweeping account of the deep material forces that have shaped the modern world... He tells a remarkable story of the human capacity to innovate, build, and integrate societies across vast distances. * Foreign Affairs *\u003cbr\u003eSmil is a conjurer with numbers. In Grand Transitions, he works to show just how thoroughly this is now a planet of our making--and how rapidly the transformation is still happening. * Washington Post *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Epochal Transitions 2. Populations 3. Agricultures and Diets 4. Energies 5. Economies 6. Environment 7. Outcomes and Outlooks","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732675768663,"sku":"9780197696750","price":14.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780197696750.jpg?v=1719997907"},{"product_id":"economics-rules-9780198736905","title":"Economics Rules","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe economics profession has become a favourite punching bag in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. Economists are widely reviled and their influence derided by the general public. Yet their services have never been in greater demand. To unravel the paradox, we need to understand both the strengths and weaknesses of economics. Dani Rodrik argues that the multiplicity of theoretical frameworks - what economists call ''models'' that exist side by side is economics'' great strength. Economists are trained to hold diverse, possibly contradictory models of the world in their minds. This is what allows them, when they do their job right, to comprehend the world, make useful suggestions for improving it, and to advance their stock of knowledge over time. In short, it is what makes economics a ''science'' a different kind of science from physics or some other natural sciences, but a science nonetheless. But syncretism is not a comfortable state of mind, and economists often jettison \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDani Rodrik ... provides an edifying discussion of these basic tools, of the economist's trade [economic models] * Ben Chu, Books of the Year 2015, Independent *\u003cbr\u003eone of the world's most perceptive policy analysts * Martin Wolf, Books of the Year 2015: Best Books 2015 Economics, Financial Times *\u003cbr\u003eRodriks central message is that economics is a collection of models with which to see the world ... The challenge is to choose which model applies to the situation at hand. This choice requires theoretical open-mindedness and empirical investigation and is, as Rodrik succinctly puts it, a craft not a science. That idea that good economics is about good craftsmanship as much as anything else is a hugely valuable contribution. Rodrik is well placed to make these arguments because he is himself a master craftsman. * Martin Sandbu, The Financial Times *\u003cbr\u003eI hope open-minded critics of economics will read Economics Rules to learn how the best of economists approach the subject, and how important their work is * The Enlightened Economist, Diane Coyle *\u003cbr\u003eterrific * The Enlightened Economist, Diane Coyle *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction: The Use and Misuse of Economic Ideas 1: What Models Do 2: The Science of Economic Modeling 3: Navigating among Models 4: Models and Theories 5: When Economists Go Wrong 6: Economics and Its Critics Epilogue: The Twenty Commandments","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732774170967,"sku":"9780198736905","price":11.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198736905.jpg?v=1719998340"},{"product_id":"adam-smith-9780198784456","title":"Adam Smith","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday Adam Smith, author of the Wealth of Nations, is associated with the promotion of self-interest and a defence of greed. Yet if Smith is actually read this is more a caricature than a faithful portrait. Berry offers a balanced and nuanced view of this seminal thinker, set against contemporary European history, politics, and philosophy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book certainly delivers on being a \"stimulating and accessible account\" of Smith's context and work and therefore every library must acquire a copy. * Alex M. Thomas, Indian Journal of Human Development *\u003cbr\u003eChristopher Berry provides a clear and thorough guide to all of Adam Smith's major works, as well as their social and intellectual context. The level of detailed attention, to texts and issues, is indeed remarkable, given the brevity of the book. This is a first-rate introduction, which has something to offer to college students and seasoned scholars alike. * Sam Fleischacker, author of On Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations: A Philosophical Companion *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: Life and times 2: Communication and imagination 3: Sympathetic spectators 4: Living virtuously 5: Making and working 6: Trading and spending 7: Legacy and reputation References Further reading Index","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732782625111,"sku":"9780198784456","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"economics-9780198787051","title":"Economics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConcise, engaging and highly intuitive  Economics: A Primer  equips you with an understanding of all the basic principles of economics. It is designed specifically for readers with no prior knowledge of the field. Technical content is kept to a minimum and the universal principles of economics are distilled. At its core, economics is simply the study of how humans behave and the choices which they make. Chrystal and Hayley emphasise the practical application of economics for an individual as a consumer, saver and employee; and within the context of business and financial decision-making. This approach ensures that the connection between economic theory and our everyday lives is illuminated. Whether you are taking a short course in economics; are about to begin an Economics or related degree, or simply want to understand the theories which lie behind the headlines, this book which will ensure you master the core concepts.Supported by online resources to take your learning further:For St\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis nice, short, simple book is aimed at providing an introduction to Economics for those who signed up to do a course involving Economics at Universities, but had not studied the subject beforehand. They have constructed an excellent primer on the basis of their experience of running such introductory courses for several years. Besides the purpose for which it has been prepared, this book will also be a boon for school teachers trying to get their students through Economics A-level. The basic concepts are nicely explained, with the minimum of technical detail, and there is a splendid glossary at the end. * Professor Charles Goodhart, LSE *\u003cbr\u003eThe way the authors explain the core and main ideas, concepts, tools and models of microeconomics is excellent. I liked the use of excellent examples and the intuitive approach. I can see students learning well and also enjoying doing so. * Professor Abhinay Muthoo, Warwick University *\u003cbr\u003eI find this book to be an excellent introduction to economics for someone who has limited or no knowledge of economics whatsoever, and the easily comprehensible writing style allows lecturers to use this book for teaching foreign students as well. * Jovan Vojnovic, University of Edinburgh *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMICROECONOMICS; MACROECONOMICS; CONCLUSION","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732783903063,"sku":"9780198787051","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198787051.jpg?v=1719998382"},{"product_id":"economics-of-good-and-evil-9780199322183","title":"Economics of Good and Evil","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTomas Sedlacek has shaken the study of economics as few ever have. Named one of the Young Guns and one of the five hot minds in economics by the Yale Economic Review, he serves on the National Economic Council in Prague, where his provocative writing has achieved bestseller status. How has he done it? By arguing a simple, almost heretical proposition: economics is ultimately about good and evil.In The Economics of Good and Evil, Sedlacek radically rethinks his field, challenging our assumptions about the world. Economics is touted as a science, a value-free mathematical inquiry, he writes, but it''s actually a cultural phenomenon, a product of our civilization. It began within philosophy--Adam Smith himself not only wrote The Wealth of Nations, but also The Theory of Moral Sentiments--and economics, as Sedlacek shows, is woven out of history, myth, religion, and ethics. Even the most sophisticated mathematical model, Sedlacek writes, is, de facto, a story, a parable, our effort to (rat\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Sedlacek takes mainstream economics as his clay, digging both his arms in up to the elbows in an attempt to explain the beliefs and ethical values underlying modern economics.\" - The New York Times \"There has long been a profound moral drive in Czech culture, seeking an ever larger view of the human, and trying to break through conceptual barriers to do so. In this sinewy and marvelous voyage of discovery, Tomas Sedlacek calls us all to think more imaginatively, more fully, and more concretely about economics than we have done for many generations. Many thinkers, including not a few economists, will be stimulated to new explorations by this book.\" -Michael Novak, author of The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism \"Economics of Good and Evil is an enchanting tour de force, offering the general public an unusual, erudite, and riveting view of the world.  Scientists and scholars can choose how to read this book: either condemn it for its lack of a rigidly and traditionally scientific approach, or accept it as an invigorating elixir providing inspiration and vision for further study. I take it as the latter and I am certain the public will too.\" - Jan Svejnar, Professor of Business, Economics and Public Policy, University of Michigan \"A widely admired economist who sits on the National Economic Council in Prague radically rethinks his field, challenging assumptions about the business world in this work, a bestseller in the Czech Republic.\"-Publishers Weekly \"Tomas Sedlacek proposes no less than a 'humanomics,' a view of our fate in this world of scarcity that takes account of human stories and philosophies.  Economists have crippled themselves by their lack of scholarly breadth, and their 'scientific' disdain for human words.  Sedlacek, who ranges from the epic of Gilgamesh to the movie The Matrix, cannot be accused of lack of breadth.  What is most impressive, though, is his depth, drilling down into the soul of economics.\" -Deirdre McCloskey, author of Bourgeois Virtues: Ethics for an Age of Commerce and The Cult of Statistical Significance\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eoreword by Vaclav Havel ; Acknowledgments and Thanks ; Introduction ; PART I: Ancient Economics ; Chapter 1: The Epic of Gilgamesh: On effectiveness, Immortality and the Economics of Friendship ; Chapter 2: The Old Testament: Earthliness and Goodness ; Chapter 3: Ancient Greece ; Chapter 4: Christianity: Spirituality in the Material World ; Chapter 5: Descartes the Mechanic ; Chapter 6: Bernard Mandeville's Beehive of Vice ; Chapter 7: Adam Smith, Blacksmith of Economics ; PART II: Blasphemous Thoughts ; Chapter 8: Need for Greed - The History of Want ; Chapter 9: Progress and Sabbath Economics ; Chapter 10: The Axis of Good and Evil and the Bibles of Economics ; Chapter 11: The History of the Invisible Hand of the Market and Homo Oeconomicus ; Chapter 12: The History of Animal Spirits - the Dream Never Sleeps ; Chapter 13: MetaMathematics ; Chapter 14: Masters of Truth: Science, Myths and Faith ; Conclusion: Where the Wild Things Are ; Bibliography ; Index","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732840722775,"sku":"9780199322183","price":14.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199322183.jpg?v=1719998624"},{"product_id":"capital-an-abridged-edition-oxford-worlds-classics-9780199535705","title":"Capital An Abridged Edition Oxford Worlds","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA classic of early modernism, Capital combines vivid historical detail with economic analysis to produce a bitter denunciation of mid-Victorian capitalist society. It has also proved to be the most influential work in social science in the twentieth century; Marx did for social science what Darwin had done for biology.  Millions of readers this century have treated Capital as a sacred text, subjecting it to as many different interpretations as the bible itself. No mere work of dry economics, Marx''s great work depicts the unfolding of industrial capitalism as a tragic drama - with a message which has lost none of its relevance today.  This is the only abridged edition to take account of the whole of Capital. It offers virtually all of Volume 1, which Marx himself published in 1867, excerpts from a new translation of `The Result of the Immediate Process of Production'', and a selection of key chapters from Volume 3, which Engels published in 1895. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World''s Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford''s commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732844196183,"sku":"9780199535705","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199535705.jpg?v=1719998638"},{"product_id":"an-inquiry-into-the-nature-and-causes-of-the-wealth-of-nations-9780199535927","title":"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn addressing the nature and causes of the wealth of nations, Adam Smith made one of the most potent contributions to subsequent ideological history. In the west since the early nineteenth century he has been the patron saint of homo economicus. More recently, successive British governments have invoked his policy recommendations of free trade and laissez-faire to aid their extension of privatization and market effectiveness into areas such as health and education. Smith, however, not only viewed merchants and manufacturers with deep suspicion, but also tempered his celebration of a self-regulating market with a darker vision of the dehumanizing potential of a profit-oriented society. He did not write an economics textbook, but rather a panoramic narrative about the struggle for individual liberty and general prosperity in history, a subject he shared with other writers of the Enlightenment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ethe selection of material is judicious and the commentary brilliant and entertaining * Mark Davis, Professor of Mathematics, Imperial College London *","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732844720471,"sku":"9780199535927","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199535927.jpg?v=1719998642"},{"product_id":"an-essay-on-the-principle-of-population-oxford-worlds-classics-9780199540457","title":"An Essay on the Principle of Population Oxford","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732855042391,"sku":"9780199540457","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199540457.jpg?v=1719998686"},{"product_id":"theory-of-the-leisure-class-9780199552580","title":"Theory of the Leisure Class","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e''Conspicuous consumption of valuable goods is a means of reputability to the gentleman of leisure.''In The Theory of the Leisure Class Thorstein Veblen sets out ''to discuss the place and value of the leisure class as an economic factor in modern life''. In so doing he produced a landmark study of affluent American society that exposes, with brilliant ruthlessness, the habits of production and waste that link invidious business tactics and barbaric social behaviour. Veblen''s analysis of the evolutionary process sees greed as the overriding motive in the modern economy; with an impartial gaze he examines the human cost paid when social institutions exploit the consumption of unessential goods for the sake of personal profit. Fashion, beauty, animals, sports, the home, the clergy, scholars - all are assessed for their true usefulness and found wanting. The targets of Veblen''s coruscating satire are as evident today as they were a century ago, and his book still has the power to shock \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroductory ; Pecuniary Emulation ; Conspicuous Leisure ; Conspicuous Consumption ; The Pecuniary Standard of Living ; Pecuniary Canons of Taste ; Dress as an Expression of the Pecuniary Culture ; Industrial Exemption and Conservatism ; The Conservation of Archaic Traits ; Modern Survivals of Prowess ; The Belief in Luck ; Devout Observances ; Survivals of the Non-Invidious Interest ; The Higher Learning as an Expression of the Pecuniary Culture","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732858614103,"sku":"9780199552580","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199552580.jpg?v=1719998701"},{"product_id":"on-liberty-utilitarianism-and-other-essays-9780199670802","title":"On Liberty Utilitarianism and Other Essays","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e''it is only the cultivation of individuality which produces, or can produce, well developed human beings''Mill''s four essays, ''On Liberty'', ''Utilitarianism'', ''Considerations on Representative Government'', and ''The Subjection of Women'' examine the most central issues that face liberal democratic regimes - whether in the nineteenth century or the twenty-first. They have formed the basis for many of the political institutions of the West since the late nineteenth century, tackling as they do the appropriate grounds for protecting individual liberty, the basic principles of ethics, the benefits and the costs of representative institutions, and the central importance of gender equality in society.These essays are central to the liberal tradition, but their interpretation and how we should understand their connection with each other are both contentious. In their introduction Mark Philp and Frederick Rosen set the essays in the context of Mill''s other works, and argue that his con\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eINTRODUCTION; NOTE ON THE TEXT; SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY; A CHRONOLOGY OF JOHN STUART MILL; ON LIBERTY; UTILITARIANISM; CONSIDERATIONS ON REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT; THE SUBJECTION OF WOMEN; EXPLANATORY NOTES; INDEX","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732880208215,"sku":"9780199670802","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199670802.jpg?v=1719998792"},{"product_id":"asset-management-9780199959327","title":"Asset Management","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStocks and bonds? Real estate? Hedge funds? Private equity? If you think those are the things to focus on in building an investment portfolio, Andrew Ang has accumulated a body of research that will prove otherwise. In his new book Asset Management: A Systematic Approach to Factor Investing, Ang upends the conventional wisdom about asset allocation by showing that what matters aren''t asset class labels but the bundles of overlapping risks they represent. Making investments is like eating a healthy diet, Ang says: you''ve got to look through the foods you eat to focus on the nutrients they contain. Failing to do so can lead to a serious case of malnutrition-for investors as well as diners. The key, in Ang''s view, is bad times, and the fact that every investor''s bad times are somewhat different. The notion that bad times are paramount is the guiding principle of the book, which offers a new approach to the age-old problem of where do you put your money? Years of experience, both as a finance professor and as a consultant, have led Ang to see that the traditional approach, with its focus on asset classes, is too crude and ultimately too costly to serve investors adequately. He focuses instead on factor risks, the peculiar sets of hard times that cut across asset classes, and that must be the focus of our attention if we are to weather market turmoil and receive the rewards that come with doing so. Optimally harvesting factor premiums-on our own or by hiring others-requires identifying your particular set of hard times, and exploiting the difference between them and those of the average investor. Clearly written yet chock-full of the latest research and data, Asset Management will be indispensable reading for trustees, professional money managers, smart private investors, and business students who want to understand the economics behind factor risk premiums, harvest them efficiently in their portfolios, and embark on the search for true alpha.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe phrases \"finance textbook\" and \"page-turner\" rarely occupy the same sentence or even the same paragraph, but Asset Management: A Systematic Approach to Factor Investing justifies that pairing of terms. * William J. Bernstein, co-principal at Efficient Frontier Advisors Reviewed by CFA Institute *\u003cbr\u003eThis splendid book lays out the important lessons that a new generation of finance research has learned about markets and investing, in a thoughtful and accessible way. Ang focuses on real issues for real players, and distills practical lessons about investment strategies and the investment process. * John H. Cochrane, The University of Chicago, Booth School of Business *\u003cbr\u003eAndrew Ang's inspirational book presents new, important, and influential concepts on investment. He oozes enthusiasm for his subject, and generously shares his experience of putting cutting-edge ideas into practice. Elroy Dimson, London Business School and Cambridge Judge Business School\u003cbr\u003eEvery professional asset manager should read Ang's Asset Management, easily the most thoughtfully written, accessible, and carefully researched treatment of the topic. Each chapter is an expertly guided tour. Darrell Duffie, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University\u003cbr\u003eAndrew Ang eloquently synthesizes current research on investing together with his own approach to asset management into a highly readable and authoritative book. It is simply the best new book on asset management that I have read - approachable by non-specialists and a treasure for managers and scholars already familiar with the topic. This book is an essential guide to one of the world's most important topics. * William N. Goetzmann, Yale School of Management *\u003cbr\u003eIt is no surprise that many of us have been using the unfinished chapters of Andrew Ang's Asset Management for teaching. For over 10 years, there has been glaring lacuna when it comes to textbooks for the teaching of investment finance. Andrew's book fills this void and is destined to become the standard text in investments at top graduate schools. It will also be a must-read for practitioners of investment finance. * Campbell R. Harvey, Duke University Journal of Finance (2006-2012) *\u003cbr\u003eThis book is a comprehensive, accessible, and adept exposition of the pivotal role played by factor exposures in markets and in portfolio design. Ang shows how these principles can be used to guide both individual investors as well as institutions, and financial practitioners now have a must read source for this critical material. Steve Ross, Sloan School, MIT\u003cbr\u003eAndrew Ang has written the next comprehensive 'go to' book on asset management. He treats readers gently as he takes them through the potentially technical world of factor investing, and his generous use of 'real world' case studies gives a helpful intuitive dimension his explanations. All considered, this is a 'must read' book for all asset owners and managers who want to maintain their thought-leadership edge. * Keith Ambachtsheer, Director Emeritus, International Centre for Pension Management, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto *\u003cbr\u003eThe last time I was asked to comment on a book of this quality and applicability I threatened to harm the author for potentially putting me out of a job. I repeat the threat in this case. * Cliff Asness, Founder, Managing Principal, and Chief Investment Officer, AQR Capital Management *\u003cbr\u003eAs Andrew Ang knows, the best way to achieve good investment results is to get the portfolio structure right for each client and the key to that is systematic factor investing. Charles D. Ellis, author of Winning the Loser's Game\u003cbr\u003eDespite its title, this is much more than a textbook on asset management. Andrew Ang writes in an engaging style that cites his extensive investment experience, without giving up any of the rigor that we would expect from such a prominent academic. * Roger G. Ibbotson, Chairman of Zebra Capital Management and Professor in Practice Emeritus, Yale School of Management *\u003cbr\u003eProfessor Ang is leading the factor investing revolution. Written with great clarity and authority, Asset Management is a true pleasure to read. * Knut Norheim Kjaer, Founding CEO of Norges Bank Investment Management and Co-founding Partner of Trient Asset Management *\u003cbr\u003eAndrew's new book is a useful practitioner-oriented update of the developments in asset management in recent decades. For example, assets are seen as bundles of factors, the fundamental drivers which provide the 'nutrients' that drive returns. This framing is certainly helpful in understanding recent developments in the industry. Moreover, the cases which motivate each chapter very nicely tie together the theory and the practice. * Bob Litterman, Chair of the Risk Committee at Kepos Capital, a hedge fund based in New York *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface: Asset Management ; Part I: The Asset Owner ; Chapter 1: Asset Owners ; Chapter 2: Preferences ; Chapter 3: Mean-Variance Investing ; Chapter 4: Investing for the Long Run ; Chapter 5: Investing Over the Life Cycle ; Part II: Factor Risk Premiums ; Chapter 6: Factor Theory ; Chapter 7: Factors ; Chapter 8: Equities ; Chapter 9: Bonds ; Chapter 10: Alpha (and the Low Risk Anomaly) ; Chapter 11: \u0026lt;\"Real\u0026gt;\" Assets ; Chapter 12: Tax-Efficient Investing ; Chapter 13:  Illiquid Assets ; Chapter 14: Factor Investing ; Part III: Delegated Portfolio Management ; Chapter 15: Delegated Investing ; Chapter 16: Mutual Funds and Other 40-Act Funds ; Chapter 17: Hedge Funds ; Chapter 18: Private Equity ; Afterword: Factor Management ; Appendix: Returns ; Acknowledgements ; Bibliography ; Index","brand":"Oxford University Press Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732891611479,"sku":"9780199959327","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"milton-friedman-on-economics-9780226263496","title":"Milton Friedman on Economics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMilton Friedman was lauded as the grandmaster of free-market economic theory in the postwar era. This book collects many of Friedman's papers on topics in economics that were published in the \"Journal of Political Economy\". It incorporates papers from 1948 to 1990. It is useful for those tracing the course of  20th century economics and politics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"There are very few people over the generations who have ideas that are sufficiently original to materially alter the direction of civilization. Milton Friedman is one of those very few people.\" - Alan Greenspan\"","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732903833943,"sku":"9780226263496","price":15.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"tax-policy-and-the-economy-volume-34-9780226708119","title":"Tax Policy and the Economy Volume 34","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732916351319,"sku":"9780226708119","price":43.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226708119.jpg?v=1719998937"},{"product_id":"justice-is-an-option-9780226702889","title":"Justice Is an Option","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Thought-provoking. . . . Recommended.\" * Choice *\u003cbr\u003e“In \u003ci\u003eJustice Is an Option\u003c\/i\u003e, Meister engages in a brilliant analysis of contemporary financial markets and devices, and provides a further development of his theory of ‘historical justice.’ The result is an impressive and compelling book that makes a powerful contribution both to political theory and to the critical analysis of contemporary capitalism. It will unquestionably be of interest to scholars of finance and political theory, and it is sure to spur lively debates within activist circles and beyond the academic world.” * Sandro Mezzadra, University of Bologna *\u003cbr\u003e“This book is an amazing piece of theory and critique—highly original, comprehensively knowledgeable, and politically powerful. Meister’s latest work is exciting, to say the least, and it promises to lead to important breakthroughs in the current discussion about alternatives to capitalism.” * Étienne Balibar, Columbia University *","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732916449623,"sku":"9780226702889","price":87.4,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226702889.jpg?v=1719998937"},{"product_id":"justice-is-an-option-a-democratic-theory-of-finance-for-the-twentyfirst-century-chicago-studies-in-practices-of-meaning-9780226734484","title":"Justice Is an Option A Democratic Theory of","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMore than ten years after the worst crisis since the Great Depression, the financial sector is thriving. But something is deeply wrong. Taxpayers bore the burden of bailing out too-big-to-fail banks but got nothing in return. Inequality has soared, and a populist backlash against elites has shaken the foundations of our political order. Meanwhile, financial capitalism seems more entrenched than ever. What is the Left to do? Justice Is an Option uses those problems, and the framework of finance that created them, to reimagine historical justice. Robert Meister returns to the spirit of Marx to diagnose our current age of finance. Instead of closing our eyes to the political economic realities of our era, we need to grapple with them head on. Meister does just that, asking whether the very tools of finance that have created our vastly unequal world could instead be made to serve justice and equality. Meister formulates here nothing less than a democratic financial theory for the twenty-fi\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Thought-provoking. . . . Recommended.\" * Choice *\u003cbr\u003e“In \u003ci\u003eJustice Is an Option\u003c\/i\u003e, Meister engages in a brilliant analysis of contemporary financial markets and devices, and provides a further development of his theory of ‘historical justice.’ The result is an impressive and compelling book that makes a powerful contribution both to political theory and to the critical analysis of contemporary capitalism. It will unquestionably be of interest to scholars of finance and political theory, and it is sure to spur lively debates within activist circles and beyond the academic world.” * Sandro Mezzadra, University of Bologna *\u003cbr\u003e“This book is an amazing piece of theory and critique—highly original, comprehensively knowledgeable, and politically powerful. Meister’s latest work is exciting, to say the least, and it promises to lead to important breakthroughs in the current discussion about alternatives to capitalism.” * Étienne Balibar, Columbia University *","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732917694807,"sku":"9780226734484","price":26.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226734484.jpg?v=1719998943"},{"product_id":"beyond-positivism-behaviorism-and-neoinstitutionalism-in-economics-9780226818306","title":"Beyond Positivism Behaviorism and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA penetrating analysis from one of the defining voices of contemporary economics.    In Beyond Positivism, Behaviorism, and Neoinstitutionalism in Economics, Deirdre Nansen McCloskey zeroes in on the authoritarian cast of recent economics, arguing for a re-focusing on the liberated human. The behaviorist positivism fashionable in the field since the 1930s treats people from the outside. It yielded in Williamson and North a manipulative neo-institutionalism. McCloskey argues that institutions as causes are mainly temporary and intermediate, not ultimate. They are human-made, depending on words, myth, ethics, ideology, history, identity, professionalism, gossip, movies, what your mother taught you. Humans create conversations as they go, in the economy as in the rest of life.    In engaging and erudite prose, McCloskey exhibits in detail the scientific failures of neo-institutionalism. She proposes a humanomics, an economics with the humans left in. Humanomics keeps theory, quantificatio\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"A compact discussion of some crucial issues economists should be contemplating.\" * The Enlightened Economist *\u003cbr\u003e\"\u003ci\u003eBeyond Positivism\u003c\/i\u003e [presents] a criticism and reshaping of economic thought that departs from neoinstitutionalism and other non-'humanomical' movements, promoting the ethics of liberalism as the ideal foundation for an adequate economic science.\" * Journal of Economic Literature *\u003cbr\u003e“The manuscript is a collection of writings for various forums, many reviews of others and many replies to critics. One unifying theme is a critique of neoinstitutional economics. But yet another theme is a defense of the bourgeois trilogy against its critics. This book is well worth a read.” -- Richard Langlois, University of Connecticut\u003cbr\u003e“This new book deepens the continuing conversation in \u003ci\u003eHumanomics\u003c\/i\u003e. It’s essentially about discovering Adam Smith and resuming a path that McCloskey has so magnificently helped to reinvigorate in the last half century.” -- Vernon Smith, Chapman University and 2002 Nobel Laureate in Economics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction The Argument in Brief\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Part I. Economics Is in Scientific Trouble\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 1. An Antique, Unethical, and Badly Measured Behaviorism Doesn’t Yield Good Economic Science or Good Politics\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 2. Economics Needs to Get Serious about Measuring the Economy\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 3. The Number of Unmeasured “Imperfections” Is Embarrassingly Long\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 4. Historical Economics Can Measure Them, Showing Them to Be Small\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 5. The Worst of Orthodox Positivism Lacks Ethics and Measurement\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Part II. Neoinstitutionalism Shares in the Troubles\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 6. Even the Best of Neoinstitutionalism Lacks Measurement\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 7. And “Culture,” or Mistaken History, Will Not Repair It\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 8. That Is, Neoinstitutionalism, Like the Rest of Behavioral Positivism, Fails as History and as Economics\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 9. As It Fails in Logic and in Philosophy\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 10. Neoinstitutionalism, in Short, Is Not a Scientific Success\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Part III. Humanomics Can Save the Science\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 11. But It’s Been Hard for Positivists to Understand Humanomics\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 12. Yet We Can Get a Humanomics\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 13. And Although We Can’t Save Private Max U\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 14. We Can Save an Ethical Humanomics\u003cbr\u003e Acknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e Notes\u003cbr\u003e Works Cited\u003cbr\u003e Index","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732925493591,"sku":"9780226818306","price":66.3,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226818306.jpg?v=1719998974"},{"product_id":"notowidigdo-m-better-health-economics-9780226820330","title":"Notowidigdo M Better Health Economics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“At long last, a concise but comprehensive, conversational, and accessible tour of modern health economics. \u003ci\u003eBetter Health Economics\u003c\/i\u003e is chock full of insights and covers an impressive range of important topics. This is how to teach health economics!\" -- Amy Finkelstein | coauthor of \"We've Got You Covered: Rebooting American Health Care\"\u003cbr\u003e\"An accessible, readable—and often funny!—tour through health economics. Gross and Notowidigdo are master teachers.\" -- Emily Oster | author of \"Expecting Better: Why The Conventional Pregnancy Wisdom Is Wrong–And What You Really Need To Know\"\u003cbr\u003e\"Gross and Notowidigdo prove that learning about the economics of health does not have to be a painful experience. Each of the chapters is an easy-to-swallow dose of insights into this complex and important part of our economy. Who knew this stuff could be fun?\" -- Richard Thaler | winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Part I: Demand\u003cbr\u003e 1. What Does Health Insurance Do?\u003cbr\u003e 2. Health Insurance versus Broccoli\u003cbr\u003e 3. Free Care Is Not Free: Who Pays for the Uninsured?\u003cbr\u003e 4. Moral Hazard\u003cbr\u003e 5. Behavioral Economics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Part II: Supply\u003cbr\u003e 6. How Much Should Physicians Be Paid?\u003cbr\u003e 7. Doctors and Hospitals Respond to Financial Incentives (Just Like Everybody Else)\u003cbr\u003e 8. Payment Reform\u003cbr\u003e 9. Horizontal Mergers\u003cbr\u003e 10. Vertical Integration\u003cbr\u003e 11. Quality\u003cbr\u003e 12. Drugs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Part III: Other Determinants of Health\u003cbr\u003e 13. Contagion\u003cbr\u003e 14. Health Gradients\u003cbr\u003e 15. Social Determinants of Health\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e Acknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e Notes\u003cbr\u003e Index","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732927263063,"sku":"9780226820330","price":26.6,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226820330.jpg?v=1719998982"},{"product_id":"bettering-humanomics-a-new-and-old-approach-to-economic-science-9780226826516","title":"Bettering Humanomics A New and Old Approach to","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeirdre Nansen McCloskey latest meticulous work examines how economics can become a more \"human\" science\u003cbr\u003e\"Can we have economic thought that focuses on people and tries to understand rather than merely observe? Rejecting contemporary trends, McCloskey paves the way to an economics dedicated to the betterment of human lives.\" * The Bookseller *\u003cbr\u003e“There is no doubting the extraordinary breadth and depth of [McCloskey’s] knowledge... A critique by someone who knows what she’s talking about.”\u003cbr\u003e   * The Enlightened Economist *\u003cbr\u003e“This book presents a series of arguments for improving academic enquiry through the lens of 'humanomics.' For economists, or other academics, who haven’t come across humanomics before, it is in essence a combination of the rigorous tools of economics with more human elements such as the critical perspectives that are often found in the humanities. Pioneers of this approach include 'the father of economics,' Adam Smith, Nobel prizewinner Vernon Smith and experimental economist Bart Wilson. . . McCloskey presents compelling arguments that economic agents are not merely attempting to maximise their utility, but are influenced by other factors such as the power of words.” * Times Higher Education *\u003cbr\u003eBest Summer Books of 2021\u003cbr\u003e \"What economics needs to fulfil its unparalleled potential as the premier science of human progress, [McCloskey] insists, is the rediscovery of its origins as the discipline that successfully marries the methods of the sciences and the humanities. In \u003ci\u003eBettering Humanomics\u003c\/i\u003e, a sparkling cameo of a book, she offers a summary of this, her life-long project. The result is a richly allusive account of what such a combination — 'humanomics', as she calls it — looks like, and why it offers a better guide to understanding where prosperity ultimately comes from and what policymakers can do to help it on its way.\" * Financial Times *\u003cbr\u003e“This new book quite seriously advances the continuing conversation in humanomics. It discovers Adam Smith and resumes a path that McCloskey has so magnificently helped to reinvigorate in the last half century.” -- Vernon Smith, Chapman University and 2002 Nobel Laureate in Economics\u003cbr\u003e“How is economic science going to progress? By embracing ethics, the humanities, and language as part of the tool kit alongside mathematics—and recognizing that economists should never try to be social engineers because they are part of the societies they study. McCloskey makes a compelling case for economics for humans—and offers some hope that the discipline is tilting in that direction.” -- Diane Coyle, University of Cambridge\u003cbr\u003e\"Provocative, bold, ironic, erudite, and above all, well-written.\" * Metascience *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Part I. The Proposal\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 1. Humanomics and Liberty Promise Better Economic Science\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 2. Adam Smith Practiced Humanomics, and So Should We\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 3. Economic History Illustrates the Problems with Nonhumanomics\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 4. An Economic Science Needs the Humanities\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 5. It’s Merely a Matter of Common Sense and Intellectual Free Trade\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 6. After All, Sweet Talk Rules a Free Economy\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 7. Therefore We Should Walk on Both Feet, Like Ludwig Lachmann\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 8. That Is, Economics Needs Theories of Human Minds beyond Behaviorism\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Part II. The Killer App\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 9. The Killer App of Humanomics Is the Evidence That the Great Enrichment Came from Ethics and Rhetoric\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 10. The Dignity of Liberalism Did It\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 11. Ideas, Not Incentives, Underlie It\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 12. Even as to Time and Location\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 13. The Word’s the Thing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Part III. The Doubts\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 14. Doubts by Analytic Philosophers about the Killer App Are Not Persuasive\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 15. Nor by Sociologists or Political Philosophers\u003cbr\u003e Chapter 16. Nor Even by Economic Historians\u003cbr\u003e Notes\u003cbr\u003e Works Cited\u003cbr\u003e Index\u003cbr\u003e  ","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732930769239,"sku":"9780226826516","price":16.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226826516.jpg?v=1719998997"},{"product_id":"happiness-lessons-from-a-new-science-second-edition-9780241952795","title":"Happiness Lessons from a New Science Second","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this new edition of his landmark book, Richard Layard shows that there is a paradox at the heart of our lives. Most people want more income. Yet as societies become richer, they do not become happier. This is not just anecdotally true, it is the story told by countless pieces of scientific research. We now have sophisticated ways of measuring how happy people are, and all the evidence shows that on average people have grown no happier in the last fifty years, even as average incomes have more than doubled. In fact, the First World has more depression, more alcoholism and more crime than fifty years ago. This paradox is true of Britain, the United States, continental Europe, and Japan. What is going on? Now fully revised and updated to include developments since first publication, Layard answers his critics in what is still the key book in ''happiness studies''.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUnorthodox, devastatingly straightforward and more provocative of actual thought than 90% of books said to be \"thought-provoking\". If happiness isn't a political issue, what's the point of politics? -- Andrew Marr\u003cbr\u003eA remarkable book ... which effectively trashes the claim of economics to guide policy for a good society ... read it, and take heart -- Simon Caulkin * Observer *\u003cbr\u003eFascinating ... argues that we should make happiness, not growth, the object of our economic policies -- John Kay * Financial Times *","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733368811863,"sku":"9780241952795","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780241952795.jpg?v=1719999948"},{"product_id":"trillions-9780241987971","title":"Trillions","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBest books of 2021, Financial Times\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e''Grab some popcorn and take a front row seat, because Robin Wigglesworth has an astonishing story to tell you''\u003c\/b\u003e Tim Harford, author of \u003ci\u003eHow to Make the World Add Up\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e''A fascinating account of an investment revolution'' \u003c\/b\u003eIan Fraser, \u003ci\u003eLiterary Review\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e''A magisterial, delightfully written history offering up portraits of the academic scribblers and entrepreneurial practitioners who created the index-fund revolution'' \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Wall Street Journal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e''Wigglesworth has written an important book\u003c\/b\u003e'' Patrick Hosking, Financial Editor, \u003ci\u003eThe Times\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e''A terrific read\u003c\/b\u003e'' Gregory Zuckerman, author of \u003ci\u003eThe Man Who Solved the Market\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e''A fascinating journey and a crucial book for anyone trying to understand the financial markets'' \u003c\/b\u003eBradley Hope, author of \u003ci\u003eBillion Dollar Whale\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e--------------------------------------------------------------\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe simplest, humblest ideas are sometimes the ones that turn the world upside down. Grab some popcorn and take a front row seat, because Robin Wigglesworth has an astonishing story to tell you\u003c\/b\u003e * Tim Harford, author of How to Make the World Add Up *\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTrillions\u003c\/i\u003e is both entertaining and educational. Wigglesworth explores one of the most important modern-day financial innovations and explains its broad impact on financial markets, investors, global economies and even capitalism. \u003cb\u003eA terrific read\u003c\/b\u003e and a topic that will become more important as passive investments increasingly dominate markets. Wigglesworth brings what could be a dull topic to full life * Gregory Zuckerman, special writer at the Wall Street Journal and author of The Man Who Solved the Market *\u003cbr\u003eAs only the incomparable Robin Wigglesworth could do, in \u003ci\u003eTrillions\u003c\/i\u003e he turns the often obscured history of the investment industry into \u003cb\u003ea rollicking great yarn, replete with admirable heroes, political infighting, fascinating diversions and unexpected triumphs\u003c\/b\u003e * William Cohan, special correspondent at Vanity Fair and author of The Last Tycoons *\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVery few writers can tell a great story and help us understand a big idea. Robin Wigglesworth is one of those rare journalists who can. His history of the index fund is required reading for anyone who wants to know where the financial markets have come, and where they are going. It's also just \u003cb\u003ea wonderfully engaging romp through the last half century of market news\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e * Rana Foroohar, global business columnist at the Financial Times and author of Don't Be Evil *\u003cbr\u003eThis is \u003cb\u003ea tour de force\u003c\/b\u003e. Passive investing has become a bedrock of finance but very few investors understand where and how this practice emerged from and how it is changing markets in a way that impacts us all. Wigglesworth has turned this arcane tale into \u003cb\u003ean easy-to-understand and fun read, full of lively characters and little known details of how finance really works today. Anyone who wants to understand modern investing should read it\u003c\/b\u003e * Gillian Tett, chair of the editorial board and US editor-at-large at the Financial Times and author of Fool's Gold *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eA real tour de force\u003c\/b\u003e, this \u003cb\u003eengaging\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003ethought-provoking\u003c\/b\u003e book brings together several historical threads - from Warren Buffett's famous hedge fund bet to the 'Manhattan Project of financial economics' - to show how passive investing and index funds have evolved into an ETF phenomenon that has 'humble[d] the investment industry ... reshape[d] finance forever,' and now poses risks for future financial stability and economic wellbeing * Mohamed El Erian, Chief Economic Adviser of Allianz and author of When Markets Collide *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe greatest change in investing in the last 100 years is brought to life like never before. A page turner!\u003c\/b\u003e * Fred Grauer, former CEO of Wells Fargo Investment Advisors *\u003cbr\u003eRobin Wigglesworth is one of the most lucid and exciting journalists writing about finance today. \u003ci\u003eTrillions \u003c\/i\u003etackles the enormous changes that have swept the investing world through the stories of its charismatic innovators. It's \u003cb\u003ea fascinating journey and a crucial book for anyone trying to understand the financial markets\u003c\/b\u003e * Bradley Hope, writer at Project Brazen and author of Billion Dollar Whale *\u003cbr\u003eA fascinating account of an investment revolution. \u003ci\u003eTrillions\u003c\/i\u003e should be read not just by millionaires, billionaires and trillionaires, but by anyone who has a pension plan, individual savings account or money invested, directly or indirectly, in the stock market * Ian Fraser, Literary Review *\u003cbr\u003eA magisterial, delightfully written history offering up portraits of the academic scribblers and entrepreneurial practitioners who created the index-fund revolution. It also contains common-sense wisdom that will benefit all investors. * The Wall Street Journal *\u003cbr\u003eWigglesworth has written an important book. Passive has mostly been a boon, but its impact in future may not be so benevolent. Investors, companies and regulators need to apprehend the water they are swimming in * Patrick Hosking, Financial Editor of The Times *\u003cbr\u003ePaul Volcker once quipped that the greatest innovation in finance in recent decades was the humble ATM. Not so, argues the FT global finance correspondent who makes the case for the index fund as the instrument that democratised investing, upended established structures and changed capitalism. Told through the stories of the group of radical nerds who made it all happen * Best books of 2021, Financial Times *","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733433692503,"sku":"9780241987971","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780241987971.jpg?v=1720000058"},{"product_id":"complexity-and-evolution-9780262035385","title":"Complexity and Evolution","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn exploration of how approaches that draw on evolutionary theory and complexity science can advance our understanding of economics.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003eTwo widely heralded yet contested approaches to economics have emerged in recent years: one emphasizes evolutionary theory in terms of individuals and institutions; the other views economies as complex adaptive systems. 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