{"title":"Computational biology \/ bioinformatics Books","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"the-epigenetics-revolution-how-modern-biology-is-rewriting-our-understanding-of-genetics-disease-and-inheritance-9781848313477","title":"The Epigenetics Revolution: How Modern Biology is","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e'A book that would have had Darwin swooning - anyone seriously interested in who we are and how we function should read this.'  \u003ci\u003eGuardian \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAt the beginning of this century enormous progress had been made in genetics. The Human Genome Project finished sequencing human DNA. It seemed it was only a matter of time until we had all the answers to the secrets of life on this planet.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe cutting-edge of biology, however, is telling us that we still don't even know all of the questions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHow is it that, despite each cell in your body carrying exactly the same DNA, you don't have teeth growing out of your eyeballs or toenails on your liver? How is it that identical twins share exactly the same DNA and yet can exhibit dramatic differences in the way that they live and grow?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt turns out that cells read the genetic code in DNA more like a script to be interpreted than a mould that replicates the same result each time. This is epigenetics and it's the fastest-moving field in biology today.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Epigenetics Revolution\u003c\/i\u003e traces the thrilling path this discipline has taken over the last twenty years. Biologist Nessa Carey deftly explains such diverse phenomena as how queen bees and ants control their colonies, why tortoiseshell cats are always female, why some plants need a period of cold before they can flower, why we age, develop disease and become addicted to drugs, and much more. Most excitingly, Carey reveals the amazing possibilities for humankind that epigenetics offers for us all - and in the surprisingly near future.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNessa Carey takes us on a lively and up-to-date tour of what's known about epigenetic mechanisms and their implications for ageing and cancer. -- BBC Focus\u003cbr\u003eA book that would have had Darwin swooning - anyone seriously interested in who we are and how we function should read this book. -- Guardian\u003cbr\u003e[A] splendidly clear explanation -- Colin Berry * The Oldie *\u003cbr\u003eFascinating stuff. -- Bookseller\u003cbr\u003eA hugely compelling explanation of the very latest from the frontline of modern biology ... The Epigenetics Revolution traces the thrilling path this discipline has taken over the last twenty years. -- Waterstones\u003cbr\u003eThis is a readable book that applies scientific theory to the everyday world. -- Bookseller\u003cbr\u003eHer book combines an easy style with a textbook's thoroughness. -- Nature\u003cbr\u003eSees DNA as a film script, with plenty of room for interpretation and retakes. Carey's experience of the biotechnology industry shows in her concluding remarks on the pros and cons of our growing understanding of epigenetics for drug discovery, and on understanding the impact of diet and environment on disease. -- Nature\u003cbr\u003eAn exhilarating exploration of an exciting new field, and a good gift for a bright biology student looking for a career choice. -- Kirkus Review","brand":"Icon Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48016983195991,"sku":"9781848313477","price":8.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781848313477.jpg?v=1712683964"},{"product_id":"mutation-randomness-and-evolution-9780192872579","title":"Mutation Randomness and Evolution","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhat does it mean to say that mutation is random? How does mutation influence evolution? Are mutations merely the raw material for selection to shape adaptations? The author draws on a detailed knowledge of mutational mechanisms to argue that the randomness doctrine is best understood, not as a fact-based conclusion, but as the premise of a neo-Darwinian research program focused on selection. The successes of this research program created a blind spot - in mathematical models and verbal theories of causation - that has stymied efforts to re-think the role of variation. However, recent theoretical and empirical work shows that mutational biases can and do influence the course of evolution, including adaptive evolution, through a first come, first served mechanism.This thought-provoking book cuts through the conceptual tangle at the intersection of mutation, randomness, and evolution, offering a fresh, far-reaching, and testable view of the role of variation as a dispositional evolutiona\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: Introduction: A Curious Disconnect 2: Ordinary Randomness 3: Practical Randomness 4: Evolutionary Randomness 5: Mutational Mechanisms and Evolvability 6: Randomness  as Irrelevance 7: The Problem of Variation 8: Climbing Mount Probable 9: The Revolt of the Clay 10: Moving On Appendix A: Mutation Exemplars Appendix B: Counting the Universe of Mutations Appendix C: Randomness Quotations Appendix D: Irrelevance Quotations","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732608168279,"sku":"9780192872579","price":37.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"living-computers-9780192871947","title":"Living Computers","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis accessible and entertaining book explores the fundamental connections between life and information and how they emerged inextricably linked, taking the reader on a journey through all the major evolutionary transitions. It records the entire path of how life''s information has evolved, starting from the growing polymers of prelife leading to the first replicators, through RNA and DNA to neural networks and animal brains, continuing through the major transition of human language and writing, into computer clouds, and finally heading towards an unknown future.All currently known life is based on three classes of molecules: proteins - life''s main structural and functional building blocks; DNA - life''s information molecule; and RNA - a molecule that provides the link between these two. Despite the existence of language and the new means of information recording and processing it enabled, at the current stage of life''s evolution, the information stored in the natural repository of o\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface 1: How to clone oneself? 2: Self-organising molecules 3: Informed self-organisation 4: The simplest life 5: Evolving replicators 6: Life on Earth 7: Evolution as a ratchet of information 8: From DNA to language 9: Epilogue - beyond language","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732608201047,"sku":"9780192871947","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"circadian-rhythms-9780198717683","title":"Circadian Rhythms","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe earth''s daily rotation affects just about every living creature. From dawn through to dusk, there are changes in light, temperature, humidity, and rainfall. However, these changes are regular, rhythmic and, therefore, predictable. Thus, the near 24 hour circadian rhythm is innate: a genetically programmed clock that essentially ticks of its own accord. This Very Short Introduction explains how organisms can know the time and reveals what we now understand of the nature and operation of chronobiological processes. Covering variables such as light, the metabolism, human health, and the seasons, Foster and Kreitzman illustrate how jet lag and shift work can impact on human well-being, and consider circadian rhythms alongside a wide range of disorders, from schizophrenia to obesity.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCircadian Rhythms is an ideal companion to Sleep, another excellent book in the same series and co-authored by Foster ... Foster and Kreitzman delve into the molecular biology that underlies the circadian rhythms, but they do so clearly and gradually. So even if you're not a biologist you'll be able to follow the discussions. * Mark Greener, Fortean Times *\u003cbr\u003eexcellent * David Lorimer, Network Review *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: Introduction 2: How the clock works 3: Light and the clock 4: Synchronising the clock 5: Day\/night cycle 6: Clocks and metabolism 7: Clocks and human health 8: The seasonal clock 9:  Where did the clocks come from Further reading Index","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732769648983,"sku":"9780198717683","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198717683.jpg?v=1719998320"},{"product_id":"an-introduction-to-molecular-evolution-and-phylogenetics-9780198736363","title":"An Introduction to Molecular Evolution and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn Introduction to Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics offers an engaging yet highly informative narrative to demonstrate how molecular data can be used to answer evolutionary questions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEngaging and entertaining writing, with concepts clearly conveyed in a way accessible to less numerate students. It is by far one of the most enjoyable and interesting text books on evolutionary genetics I have read. * Simon Goodman, University of Leeds *\u003cbr\u003eNothing else comes close in terms of completeness and accessibility to our students. Reading the text is almost like having a conversation. * Lawrence Mays, University of North Carolina at Charlotte *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction - The story in DNA ; 2. DNA - The immortal germline ; 3. Mutation - We are all mutants ; 4. Replication - Endless copies ; 5. Genome - Accident and design ; 6. Gene - Making an organism ; 7. Selection - Descent with modification ; 8. Drift - Chance and necessity ; 9. Species - Origin of species ; 10. Alignment - Same but different ; 11. Phylogeny - Tree of life ; 12. Hypotheses - Seeing the wood for the trees ; 13. Rates - Tempo and mode ; 14. Dates - Telling the time","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732773613911,"sku":"9780198736363","price":55.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198736363.jpg?v=1719998338"},{"product_id":"introduction-to-genomics-9780198754831","title":"Introduction to Genomics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe most up-to-date and complete textbook for first time genomics students, Introduction to Genomics offers a fascinating insight into how organisms differ or match; how different organisms evolved; how the genome is constructed and how it operates; and what our understanding of genomics means in terms of our future health and wellbeing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReview from previous edition This book is great for introducing the field of genomics, providing the basic concepts underpinning the field, including cutting edge techniques, along with examples of its application. * Dr Emma Laing, University of Surrey *\u003cbr\u003eThe writing is eloquent and engages the curious reader with a wide range of background stories. The practical applications are always highlighted. Rather than a text book studied to pass an exam, this book is a pleasure to read. * Dr Richard Bingham, University of Huddersfield *\u003cbr\u003eIt's the best textbook that I have reviewed for upper level undergraduates. It has good basic coverage of human aspects, databases, and comparative genomics. I like the questions and problems at the end of the chapters. * Professor Michael Shiaris, University of Massachusetts Boston *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: Introduction 2: The Human Genome Project 3: Mapping, Sequencing, Annotation, and Databases 4: Evolution and Genomic Change 5: Genomes of Prokaryotes and Viruses 6: Genomes of Eukaryotes 7: Comparative Genomics 8: The Impact of Genomics on Human Health and Disease 9: Genomics and Anthropology 10: Transcriptomics 11: Proteomics 12: Metabolomics 13: Systems Biology","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732778660183,"sku":"9780198754831","price":52.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198754831.jpg?v=1719998361"},{"product_id":"environmental-dna-for-biodiversity-research-and-monitoring-9780198767282","title":"Environmental DNA For Biodiversity Research and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe objective of this practical handbook is to provide ecologists (both students and researchers) with the scientific background necessary to assist with the understanding and implementation of best practice studies and analyses based on environmental DNA.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis volume fills a much-needed gap, offering a gentle introduction into the field of environmental DNA, which will be especially useful for readers of minor to intermediate experience with environmental DNA. * Vasco Elbrecht, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, The Quarterly Review of Biology *\u003cbr\u003eAn excellent instructional book or supplementary reading for any eDNA based classes...It is a timely and important addition to the field of molecular ecology, and will undoubtedly remain the go-to book on metabarcoding for several years. * Dr Anthony A. Charlton, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, Molecular Ecology *\u003cbr\u003eThis book is a timely overview of eDNA as a complimentary and non-invasive approach for investigating and monitoring biodiversity. The book is an ideal introduction to all ecologists looking to eDNA, but also speaks to the more experienced researchers in molecular ecology. Lastly, it provides textbook material for university courses around the world. * Philip Francis Thomsen, Trends in Ecology \u0026amp; Evolution Journal *\u003cbr\u003eIf you are contemplating moving into this topic, or just want to understand it better, do try and get your hands on a copy - something that might not be that easy just now as I understand the book has proved to be so popular that it is already having to be reprinted. * IMA FUNGUS *\u003cbr\u003eIn a world faced with accelerating environmental change and loss of biodiversity, this book is a timely overview of eDNA as a complementary and noninvasive approach for investigating and monitoring biodiversity ... an ideal introduction to all ecologists looking to eDNA as a method of choice, but also speaks to the more experienced researchers in molecular ecology. Lastly, it provides textbook material for university courses around the world, where eDNA is continuously increasing in popularity. * Philip Francis Thomsen, Department of Bioscience, University of Aarhus, Trends in Ecology and Evolution *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: Introduction to environmental DNA (eDNA) 2: DNA metabarcode choice and design 3: Reference databases 4: Sampling 5: DNA extraction 6: DNA amplification and multiplexing 7: DNA sequencing 8: DNA metabarcoding data analysis 9: Single-species detection 10: Environmental DNA for functional diversity 11: Some early landmark studies 12: Freshwater ecosystems 13: Marine environments 14: Terrestrial ecosystems 15: Palaeoenvironments 16: Host-associated microbiota 17: Diet analysis 18: Analysis of bulk samples 19: The future of eDNA metabarcoding","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732780134743,"sku":"9780198767282","price":52.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198767282.jpg?v=1719998367"},{"product_id":"genomics-9780198786207","title":"Genomics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGenomics has transformed the biological sciences. From epidemiology and medicine to evolution and forensics, the ability to determine an organism''s complete genetic makeup has changed the way science is done and the questions that can be asked of it. Its most celebrated achievement was the Human Genome Project, a technologically challenging endeavor that took thousands of scientists around the world 13 years and over 3 billion US dollars to complete. In this Very Short Introduction John Archibald explores the science of genomics and its rapidly expanding toolbox. Sequencing a human genome now takes only a few days and costs as little as $1,000. The genomes of simple bacteria and viruses can be sequenced in a matter of hours on a device that fits in the palm of your hand. The resulting sequences can be used to better understand our biology in health and disease and to ''personalize'' medicine. Archibald shows how the field of genomics is on the cusp of another quantum leap; the implications for science and society are profound.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGenomics does an amazingly good job of covering the gist and gestalt of arguably the most wide-ranging and fastest developing of the biological sciences. * CHOICE Reviews *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: What is genomics? 2: How to read the book of life 3: Making sense of genes and genomes 4: The human genome in biology and medicine 5: Evolutionary genomics 6: Genomics and the microbial world 7: The future of genomics Further Reading Index","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732783477079,"sku":"9780198786207","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"synthetic-biology-9780198803492","title":"Synthetic Biology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe fast growing field of synthetic biology, which involves the novel design or redesign of living matter, has opened a vista of technological opportunities, from drug manufacture to producing biofuels. Jamie Davies considers the possibilities and controversies surrounding this exciting new science.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA stimulating exposition of the intriguing and exciting field of synthetic biology. The coverage is both broad and well-balanced. An excellent book, accessible to all. * Professor Huabing Yin, Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface 1: Biology: from analysis to synthesis 2: How synthetic biology is done 3: Synthetic biology and the environment 4: Synthetic biology and healthcare 5: Synthetic biology for engineering 6: Synthetic biology for basic research 7: Creating life 8: Cultural impact Further reading Index","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732789211479,"sku":"9780198803492","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"who-we-are-and-how-we-got-here-9780198821267","title":"Who We Are and How We Got Here","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe past few years have seen a revolution in our ability to map whole genome DNA from ancient humans. With the ancient DNA revolution, combined with rapid genome mapping of present human populations, has come remarkable insights into our past. This important new data has clarified and added to our knowledge from archaeology and anthropology, helped resolve long-existing controversies, challenged long-held views, and thrown up some remarkable surprises.The emerging picture is one of many waves of ancient human migrations, so that all populations existing today are mixes of ancient ones, as well as in many cases carrying a genetic component from Neanderthals, and, in some populations, Denisovans. David Reich, whose team has been at the forefront of these discoveries, explains what the genetics is telling us about ourselves and our complex and often surprising ancestry. Gone are old ideas of any kind of racial ''purity'', or even deep and ancient divides between peoples. Instead, we are finding a rich variety of mixtures. Reich describes the cutting-edge findings from the past few years, and also considers the sensitivities involved in tracing ancestry, with science sometimes jostling with politics and tradition. He brings an important wider message: that we should celebrate our rich diversity, and recognize that every one of us is the result of a long history of migration and intermixing of ancient peoples, which we carry as ghosts in our DNA.What will we discover next?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA wonderfully illuminating exposition of how advances in reading ancient DNA have upended our ideas about past population movements and human interaction. * Paul Collier, Books of the Year 2018, The Times Literary Supplement *\u003cbr\u003eHugely impressive. * Robin McKie, Books of the Year 2018: Science, The Observer *\u003cbr\u003eRemarkable ... Spectacular ... In making constant new discoveries about humanity, Reich and his Harvard team are now plunging into uncharted academic waters ... Reich's influence in this field has been immense and the output of his department monumental ... Thrilling in its clarity and its scope. * Peter Forbes, The Guardian *\u003cbr\u003eThis is a compendious book ... its importance cannot be overstated and neither can some of its best stories. * Bryan Appleyard, The Sunday Times *\u003cbr\u003eA thrilling account of mapping humans through time and place ... Reich gives us a window into what ancient DNA can tell us about human evolution, the peopling of the world, continent by continent, and the population mixing that makes us who we are today. * Turi King, Nature *\u003cbr\u003eFew subjects fascinate us as much as human origins ... If you want to understand our origins over the course of the last 100,000 years, this book will be the best up-to-date account for you. * Jared Diamond, New York Times Book Review *\u003cbr\u003eThe conclusions of this book are reassuringly complex and nuanced. But they are no less approachable, no less captivating for that. Indeed, the result is to bring prehistory almost disarmingly close. He brings whole societies from that past vividly to life. * Harry de Quetteville, The Daily Telegraph *\u003cbr\u003eGives the first comprehensive account of this newly revealed prehistory ... an astonishing book. * Juliet Sam, The Daily Telegraph *\u003cbr\u003eReich has produced an invaluable resource that is likely to become an enduring intellectual touchstone. * Tom Booth, British Archaeology *\u003cbr\u003eWho We Are and How We Got Here provides a marvellous synthesis of the field. * Clive Cookson, The Financial Times *\u003cbr\u003eGeneticists such as Reich have shown [...] that the human world has been made by people who move. This is an important lesson in a time when migration and mobility, in both reality and perception, play such a significant role. * Robert Foley, The Times Literary Supplement *\u003cbr\u003eIn this comprehensive and provocative book, David Reich exhumes and examines fundamental questions about our origin and future using powerful evidence from human genetics. What does \"race\" mean in 2018? How alike and how unlike are we? What does identity mean? Reich's book is sobering and clear-eyed, and, in equal part, thrilling and thought provoking. There were times that I had to stand up and clear my thoughts to continue reading this astonishing and important book. * Siddhartha Mukherjee, author of The Emperor of All Maladies *\u003cbr\u003eThe breakthrough that all archaeologists have been waiting for; a truly exciting account of the way in which ancient DNA is making us rethink prehistory. Essential reading for everyone interested in the past. * Barry Cunliffe, author of The Ancient Celts^ *\u003cbr\u003eDavid Reich uses the power of modern genome analysis to show the fascinating complexity of human migration and history. By letting the data lead him, he treads a narrow path between racists and xenophobes on one side and left-wing ideologues on the other. Although many of his conclusions will be controversial, he starts a necessary conversation about what modern genome analysis can tell us about the variability of human populations. * Sir Venki Ramakrishnan, Nobel Laureate and President of the Royal Society, London *\u003cbr\u003eThis riveting book will blow you away with its rich and astounding account of where we came from and why that matters. Reich tells the surprising story of how humans got to every corner of the planet, which was revealed only after he and other scientists unlocked the secrets of ancient DNA. The courageous, compassionate and highly personal climax will transform how you think about the meaning of ancestry and race. * Daniel E. Lieberman, Professor of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University and author of The Story of the Human Body: Evolution, Health and Disease *\u003cbr\u003eWho We Are and How We Got Here dramatically revises our understanding of the deep history of our species in our African homeland and beyond. Reich's beautifully written book reads like a detective novel and demonstrates a hard truth that often makes many of us uncomfortable: not only are all human beings mixed, but our intuitive understanding of the evolution of the population structure of the world around us is not to be trusted. * Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Professor of Literature at Harvard University and Executive Producer of \"Finding Your Roots\" *\u003cbr\u003eIn just five years the study of ancient DNA has transformed our understanding of world prehistory. The geneticist David Reich, one of the pioneers in this field, here gives the brilliantly lucid first account of the resulting new view of human origins and of the later dispersals which went on to shape the modern world. * Colin Renfrew, Emeritus Disney Professor of Archaeology at the University of Cambridge *\u003cbr\u003eThis book will revolutionize our understanding of human prehistory. David Reich sheds new light on our past from the vantage of a sparkling new discipline-the analysis of ancient DNA. He places migration in the limelight, demonstrating that humans did not just evolve, they spread, often on dramatic scales. * Peter Bellwood, Professor of Archaeology at Australian National University *\u003cbr\u003eReich's book isn't just a collection of stories about the histories of human populations. It is a fascinating case study of scientific revolution ... Reich also has interesting things to say about the way his discipline has over the years been caught up in politics. * Steven Mithen, The London Review of Books *\u003cbr\u003eWhole genome mapping hasn't just revolutionised our world, it has helped us rethink our past. * Simon Ings \u0026amp; Liz Else, New Scientist *\u003cbr\u003eA hugely important book and essential reading. * Edward Biddulph, Current Archaeology *\u003cbr\u003eThe Harvard professor [Reich], who is 43, was recently highlighted by the journal Nature as one of 10 people who mattered in all of science for his role in transforming the field of ancient DNA from \"niche pursuit to industrial process\". * Paul Rincon, BBC News *\u003cbr\u003eThe work in [Reich's] lab has reshaped our understanding of human prehistory ... He and his colleagues have shed light on the peopling of the planet and the spread of agriculture, among other momentous events. * Carl Zimmer, The New York Times *\u003cbr\u003eReich's intellectual curiosity and passion for research shine through every page of his book ... This book is required reading for everyone interested in an up-to-date account of the spellbinding story of human prehistory. * Debbie Kennett, Who Do You Think You Are? *\u003cbr\u003eI learned a good deal from this book, and I encourage others to do the same. * Bernard Wood, Current Biology *\u003cbr\u003eIt is an incredibly exciting overview of a revolution in the making. * Leon Vlieger, The Inquisitive Biologist *\u003cbr\u003eWho We Are and How We Got Here is both comprehensive and exceptionally well-written ... [a] vast global scope as well as its myriad of fascinating details. * Richard Milner, Minerva *\u003cbr\u003eIntroduces us to the 21st-century Rosetta Stone: ancient DNA, which will do more for our understanding of prehistory than radiocarbon dating did ... Who We Are and How We Got Here is less than 300 pages of text, but it is packed with startling facts and novel revelations that overturn the conventional expectations of both science and common sense. * The National Review *\u003cbr\u003eProfessor David Reich of Harvard Medical School [...] is not a disinterested observer of a fast-developing field; he is a participant and, in fact, a driver, of the ancient DNA revolution and it is his and his team's research that has accomplished much of the reshaping of human history. So this book has the feel of a first-hand account from the trenches that also carries with it a high-level perspective of what is going on where and why. * Tony Joseph, The Hindu *\u003cbr\u003eDavid Reich's magisterial book is a riveting account of human pre-history and history, through the new lens provided by ancient DNA data. The story of human populations, as he shows, is ever one of widespread, repeated mixing, debunking the fiction of a \"pure\" population. * Molly Przeworski, Professor of Biological Sciences at Columbia University *\u003cbr\u003ePowerful writing and extraordinary insights animate this endlessly fascinating account, by a world scientific leader, of who we modern humans are and how our ancestors arrived in the diverse corners of the world. I could not put the book down. * Robert Weinberg, Professor of Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology *\u003cbr\u003eReich's book reads like notes from the frontline of the 'Ancient DNA Revolution' with all the spellbinding drama and intrigue that comes with such a huge transformation in our understanding of human history. * Anne Wojcicki, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder of 23andMe *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroductionPart I - The Deep History of Our Species1: How the Genome Explains Who We Are2: Interbreeding with Neanderthals3: Ancient DNA Opens the FloodgatesPart II - How We Got to Where We Are Today4: Humanity's Ghosts5: The Making of Modern Europe6: The Collision that Formed India7: In Search of American Ancestors8: The Genomic Origins of East Asians9: Rejoining Africa to the Human StoryPart III -The Disruptive Genome10: The Genomics of Inequality11: The Genomics of Race and Identity12: The Future of Ancient DNA","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732796715351,"sku":"9780198821267","price":12.34,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198821267.jpg?v=1719998437"},{"product_id":"a-primer-of-population-genetics-and-genomics-9780198862307","title":"A Primer of Population Genetics and Genomics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Primer of Population Genetics and Genomics has been completely revised and updated to provide a concise but comprehensive introduction to the basic concepts of population genetics and genomics. Recent textbooks have tended to focus on such specialized topics as the coalescent, molecular evolution, human population genetics, or genomics. This primer bucks that trend by encouraging a broader familiarity with, and understanding of, population genetics and genomics as a whole. The overview ranges from mating systems through the causes of evolution, molecular population genetics, and the genomics of complex traits. Interwoven are discussions of ancient DNA, gene drive, landscape genetics, identifying risk factors for complex diseases, the genomics of adaptation and speciation, and other active areas of current research. The principles are illuminated by numerous examples from a wide variety of animals, plants, microbes, and human populations. The approach also emphasizes learning by doing, which in this case means solving numerical or conceptual problems. The rationale behind this is that the use of concepts in problem-solving lead to deeper understanding and longer knowledge retention. This accessible, introductory textbook is aimed principally at students of various levels and abilities (from senior undergraduate to postgraduate) as well as practising scientists in the fields of population genetics, ecology, evolutionary biology, computational biology, bioinformatics, biostatistics, physics, and mathematics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface 1: Genetic Polymorphisms 2: Organization of Genetic Variation 3: Inbreeding and Population Structure 4: Mutation, Gene Conversion, and Migration 5: Natural Selection in Large Populations 6: Random Genetic Drift in Small Populations 7: Molecular Population Genetics 8: Population Genetics of Complex Traits 9: Complex Traits in Natural Populations","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732819161431,"sku":"9780198862307","price":43.22,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198862307.jpg?v=1719998535"},{"product_id":"the-compact-guide-dna-9780233005928","title":"The Compact Guide DNA","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eA compact guide to DNA: who we are, how we're wired, and how we repair ourselves. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeet your genome • How do genes work? • Our genetic journey • Under attack! • Who do you think you are? • People are not peas • Genetic superheroes • Turn me on • Epigenetics • The RNA world • Building a baby • Wiring the brain • Compatibility genes • Why women are stripy • The viruses that made us human • When things go wrong • Human 2.0. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Headline Publishing Group","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732962160983,"sku":"9780233005928","price":8.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780233005928.jpg?v=1719999085"},{"product_id":"mathematical-biology-9780387952239","title":"Mathematical Biology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProviding an in-depth look at the practical use of math modeling, it features exercises throughout that are drawn from a variety of bioscientific disciplines - population biology, developmental biology, physiology, epidemiology, and evolution, among others.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eReviews of the original edition: \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Murray has produced a magnificent compilation of mathematical models and their applications in biology.\" \u003cem\u003eNature\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Murray's Mathematical Biology belongs on the shelf of any person with a serious interest in mathematical biology.\" \u003cem\u003eBulletin of Mathematical Biology\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSIAM, 2004: \"Murray's Mathematical Biology is a classic that belongs on the shelf of any serious student or researcher in the field. Together the two volumes contain well over 1000 references, a rich source of material, together with an excellent index to help readers quickly find key words. ... I recommend the new and expanded third edition to any serious young student interested in mathematical biology who already has a solid basis in applied mathematics.\"\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom the reviews of the third edition:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Mathematical Biology would be eminently suitable as a text for a final year undergraduate or postgraduate course in mathematical biology … . It is also a good source of examples for courses in mathematical methods … . Mathematical Biology provides a good way in to the field and a useful reference for those of us already there. It may attract more mathematicians to work in biology by showing them that there is real work to be done.\" (Peter Saunders, The Mathematical Gazette, Vol. 90 (519), 2006)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContinuous Population Models for Single Species * Discrete Population Models for a Single Species * Models for Interacting Populations * Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination (TSD): Crocodilian Survivorship * Modelling the Dynamics of Marital Interaction: Divorce Prediction and Marriage Repair * Reaction Kinetics * Biological Oscillators and Switches * BZ Oscillating Reactions * Perturbed and Coupled Oscillators and Black Holes * Dynamics of Infectious Diseases: Epidemic Models and AIDS * Reaction Diffusion, Chemotaxis, and Non-local Mechanisms * Oscillator Generated Wave Phenomena and Central Pattern Generators * Biological Waves: Single Species Models * Use and Abuse of  Fractals","brand":"Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733727031639,"sku":"9780387952239","price":80.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780387952239.jpg?v=1720001407"},{"product_id":"bayesian-evolutionary-analysis-with-beast-9781107019652","title":"Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis with BEAST","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA comprehensive overview of Bayesian approaches to phylogenetics using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, offering theoretical insight, pragmatic advice and tools to develop further models. This title is a one-stop reference to applying the latest phylogenetic models in BEAST 2, interpreting the analyses and extending these models further.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'Want to construct a phylogeny, add in calibrated time points or work out the past history of an epidemic? The open source package BEAST has established itself as the industry standard for all this and more. This definitive book, explaining what is under the hood, how the user can customize extensions and, most critically, a simple 'how to' users guide, is necessary reading for beginners and specialists alike.' Laurence D. Hurst, University of Bath\u003cbr\u003e'In concert with the dramatic improvements to DNA sequencing technology, Bayesian inference has revolutionized population genetics, phylogenetics, and divergence time estimation. A similar impact on epidemiology appears imminent via a suite of new Bayesian methods that incorporate host and pathogen DNA sequence data into established mathematical frameworks. This book is an accessible and thorough introduction to these Bayesian procedures. However, the book does far more than explain the theory. It also includes clear guides on how to use the BEAST 2 software for performing Bayesian analyses, and how to visualize the results. Because the software is designed to be extensible, the book instructs users to write their own code to supplement the diverse methods that are already implemented in BEAST 2. This book is timely and is written by two of the leaders of the field. I highly recommend it.' Jeff Thorne, North Carolina State University\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface; Acknowledgements; Part I. Theory: 1. Introduction; 2. Evolutionary trees; 3. Substitution and site models; 4. The molecular clock; 5. Structured trees and phylogeography; Part II. Practice: 6. Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees; 7. Setting up and running a phylogenetic analysis; 8. Estimating species trees from multilocus data; 9. Advanced analysis; 10. Posterior analysis and post-processing; 11. Exploring phylogenetic tree space; Part III. Programming: 12. Getting started with BEAST; 13. BEAST XML; 14. Coding and design patterns; 15. Putting it all together; Bibliography; List of authors; List of subjects.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738234499415,"sku":"9781107019652","price":48.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781107019652.jpg?v=1723811844"},{"product_id":"why-dna-9781107697522","title":"Why DNA","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInformation is central to the evolution of biological complexity, a physical system relying on a continuous supply of energy. Biology provides superb examples of the consequent Darwinian selection of mechanisms for efficient energy utilisation. Genetic information, underpinned by the Watson-Crick base-pairing rules is largely encoded by DNA, a molecule uniquely adapted to its roles in information storage and utilisation.This volume addresses two fundamental questions. Firstly, what properties of the molecule have enabled it to become the predominant genetic material in the biological world today and secondly, to what extent have the informational properties of the molecule contributed to the expansion of biological diversity and the stability of ecosystems. The author argues that bringing these two seemingly unrelated topics together enables Schrödinger''s What is Life?, published before the structure of DNA was known, to be revisited and his ideas examined in the context of our curren\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'The essence of the book is in its title. The DNA structures and topology are described so clearly that the reader perceives these intricacies as pure evolutionary elegance, and understands WHY it is only in its balance of stability and agility that life could have started its journey. This book explains how DNA has become the fascinating prism, made of a fabric of complexity and information, into which the living reflects itself. My opinion is passionate because I have been thinking about the same problems for decades, and here I find many of the answers. Especially: what makes DNA so unique? It is a text that I keep reading over again.' Ernesto Di Mauro, IBPM, National Research Council, Rome\u003cbr\u003e'In What Is Life? Schrödinger conjectured that, in animate matter, order is derived from order, foreshadowing the discovery of DNA structure. Why DNA? is about this molecule and its dual information content - in linear genetic code and in thermodynamics of three-dimensional DNA structures. It addresses how DNA's intrinsic order led to complex, highly ordered living organisms, in a world that strives towards disorder. Why would DNA supplant RNA in carrying hereditary information during biological evolution? Why did multicellular organisms emerge, since natural selection favours the fittest, such as simple bacteria? What is complexity, and what has it to do with Bayesian logic? How do complexity, information and energy interrelate? This is a succinct discourse on Schrödinger's question, expanding from molecular interactions and genome cooperation to ecological systems and societal evolution. A must-read for biology scholars, and anyone interested in life's origins, biological evolution and the interface of biology and physics.' Georgi Muskhelishvili, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgements; Preface; 1. The perennial question; 2. The nature of information – information, complexity and entropy; 3. DNA – the molecule; 4. The evolution of biological complexity; 5. Cooperating genomes; 6. DNA, information and complexity; 7. Origins; 8. The complexity of societies; 9. Why DNA – and not RNA?; General reading and bibliography.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738278179159,"sku":"9781107697522","price":20.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781107697522.jpg?v=1723811884"},{"product_id":"introducing-epigenetics-a-graphic-guide-9781848318625","title":"Introducing Epigenetics: A Graphic Guide","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eEpigenetics is the most exciting field in biology today, developing our understanding of how and why we inherit certain traits, develop diseases and age, and evolve as a species.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis non-fiction comic book introduces us to genetics, cell biology and the fascinating science of epigenetics, which is rapidly filling in the gaps in our knowledge, allowing us to make huge advances in medicine. We'll look at what identical twins can teach us about the epigenetic effects of our environment and experiences, why certain genes are 'switched on' or off at various stages of embryonic development, and how scientists have reversed the specialization of cells to clone frogs from a single gut cell.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eIntroducing Epigenetics\u003c\/i\u003e, Cath Ennis and Oliver Pugh pull apart the double helix, examining how the epigenetic building blocks and messengers that interpret and edit our genes help to make us, well, \u003ci\u003eus\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Icon Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48742239273303,"sku":"9781848318625","price":7.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781848318625.jpg?v=1720060592"},{"product_id":"the-dna-detectives-to-catch-a-thief-9781912190102","title":"The DNA Detectives To Catch a Thief","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Insight \u0026 Perspective","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48742654738775,"sku":"9781912190102","price":10.13,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781912190102.jpg?v=1720062319"},{"product_id":"the-dna-detectives-the-smugglers-daughter-9781912190119","title":"The DNA Detectives The Smuggler's Daughter","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Insight \u0026 Perspective","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48742654771543,"sku":"9781912190119","price":10.13,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781912190119.jpg?v=1720062318"},{"product_id":"curiosity-guides-the-human-genome-9781936140152","title":"Curiosity Guides: The Human Genome","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe DNA sequence that comprises the human genome--the genetic blueprint found in each of our cells--is undoubtedly the greatest code ever to be broken. Completed at the dawn of a new millennium, the feat electrified both the scientific community and the general public with its tantalizing promise of new and better treatments for countless diseases, including Alzheimer's, cancer, diabetes, and Parkinson's.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYet what is arguably the most important discovery of our time has also opened a Pandora's box of questions about who we are as humans and how the unique information stored in our genomes can and might be used, making it all the more important for everyone to understand the new science of genomics. In the CURIOSITY GUIDE TO THE HUMAN GENOME, Dr. John Quackenbush, a renowned scientist and professor, conducts a fascinating tour of the history and science behind the Human Genome Project and the technologies that are revolutionizing the practice of medicine today. With a clear and engaging narrative style, he demystifies the fundamental principles of genetics and molecular biology, including the astounding ways in which genes function, alone or together with other genes and the environment, to either sustain life or trigger disease.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn addition, Dr. Quackenbush goes beyond medicine to examine how DNA-sequencing technology is changing how we think of ourselves as a species by providing new insights about our earliest ancestors and reconfirming our inextricable link to all life on earth.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFinally, he explores the legal and ethical questions surrounding such controversial topics as stem cell research, prenatal testing, forensics, and cloning, making this volume of the Curiosity Guides series an indispensable resource for navigating our brave new genomic world.","brand":"Charlesbridge Publishing,U.S.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48742860980567,"sku":"9781936140152","price":13.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781936140152.jpg?v=1720063108"},{"product_id":"next-generation-sequencing-and-data-analysis-9783030624897","title":"Next Generation Sequencing and Data Analysis","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis textbook provides step-by-step protocols and detailed explanations for RNA Sequencing, ChIP-Sequencing and Epigenetic Sequencing applications. \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eThe reader learns how to perform Next Generation Sequencing data analysis, how to interpret and visualize the data, and acquires knowledge on the statistical background of the used software tools. \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eWritten for biomedical scientists and medical students, this textbook enables the end user to perform and comprehend various Next Generation Sequencing applications and their analytics without prior understanding in bioinformatics or computer sciences.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743042711895,"sku":"9783030624897","price":66.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"non-local-cell-adhesion-models-symmetries-and-bifurcations-in-1-d-9783030671136","title":"Non-Local Cell Adhesion Models: Symmetries and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis monograph considers the mathematical modeling of cellular adhesion, a key interaction force in cell biology. While deeply grounded in the biological application of cell adhesion and tissue formation, this monograph focuses on the mathematical analysis of non-local adhesion models. The novel aspect is the non-local term (an integral operator), which accounts for forces generated by long ranged cell interactions. The analysis of non-local models has started only recently, and it has become a vibrant area of applied mathematics. This monograph contributes a systematic analysis of steady states and their bifurcation structure, combining global bifurcation results pioneered by Rabinowitz, equivariant bifurcation theory, and the symmetries of the non-local term. These methods allow readers to analyze and understand cell adhesion on a deep level.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“Modelers who wish to use similar approaches in their modeling will find this a good source of base information, as well as a valuable guide for initiating similar analyses for their own models. Analysts wishing to expand our understanding … will find this book a fine building block. It could also prove a useful resource for graduate students looking for potential projects … . this monograph is an admirable attempt … and hopefully will inspire significant further study.” (Kevin Painter, SIAM Review, Vol. 64 (1), March, 2022)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“The detailed analysis, as presented here, shows a stimulating interaction between model symmetries, mathematical analysis, and biological reality, which probably are inspired the authors and hopefully the readers of this book too.” (Andrey Zahariev, zbMATH 1473.92001, 2021)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction.- Preliminaries.- The Periodic Problem.- Basic Properties.- Local Bifurcation.- Global Bifurcation.- Non-local Equations with Boundary Conditions.- No-flux Boundary Conditions.- Discussion and future directions.","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743044415831,"sku":"9783030671136","price":66.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"ai-and-big-data-in-cardiology-a-practical-guide-9783031050701","title":"AI and Big Data in Cardiology: A Practical Guide","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book provides a detailed technical overview of the use and applications of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and big data in cardiology. Recent technological advancements in these fields mean that there is significant gain to be had in applying these methodologies into day-to-day clinical practice. Chapters feature detailed technical reviews and highlight key current challenges and limitations, along with the available techniques to address them for each topic covered. Sample data sets are also included to provide hands-on tutorials for readers using Python-based Jupyter notebooks, and are based upon real-world examples to ensure the reader can develop their confidence in applying these techniques to solve everyday clinical problems.\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eArtificial Intelligence and Big Data in Cardiology\u003c\/i\u003e systematically describes and technically reviews the latest applications of AI and big data within cardiology. It is ideal for use by the trainee and practicing cardiologist and informatician seeking an up-to-date resource on the topic with which to aid them in developing a thorough understanding of both basic concepts and recent advances in the field.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntroduction.- AI and Machine Learning: the Basics.- From Machine Learning to Deep Learning.- Measurement and Quantification.- Diagnosis.- Outcome Prediction.- Quality Control.- AI and Decision Support.- AI in the Real World.- Analysis of Non-imaging Data.- Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743066304855,"sku":"9783031050701","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"mathematical-modeling-for-epidemiology-and-ecology-9783031094538","title":"Mathematical Modeling for Epidemiology and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eMathematical Modeling for Epidemiology and Ecology provides readers with the mathematical tools needed to understand and use mathematical models and read advanced mathematical biology books.  It presents mathematics in biological contexts, focusing on the central mathematical ideas and the biological implications, with detailed explanations. The author assumes no mathematics background beyond elementary differential calculus. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn introductory chapter on basic principles of mathematical modeling is followed by chapters on empirical modeling and mechanistic modeling. These chapters contain a thorough treatment of key ideas and techniques that are often neglected in mathematics books, such as the Akaike Information Criterion. The second half of the book focuses on analysis of dynamical systems, emphasizing tools to simplify analysis, such as the Routh-Hurwitz conditions and asymptotic analysis. Courses can be focused on either half of the book or thematically chosen material from both halves, such as a course on mathematical epidemiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological content is self-contained and includes many topics in epidemiology and ecology. Some of this material appears in case studies that focus on a single detailed example, and some is based on recent research by the author on vaccination modeling and scenarios from the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe problem sets feature linked problems where one biological setting appears in multi-step problems that are sorted into the appropriate section, allowing readers to gradually develop complete investigations of topics such as HIV immunology and harvesting of natural resources.  Some problems use programs written by the author for Matlab or Octave; these combine with more traditional mathematical exercises to give students a full set of tools for model analysis. Each chapter contains additional case studies in the form of projects with detailed directions.  New appendices contain mathematical details on optimization, numerical solution of differential equations, scaling, linearization, and sophisticated use of elementary algebra to simplify problems.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“This is a well-written book, highly suitable for applied math undergraduate students.” (Stephanie Abo, Chi-Chung Cheung, Ryth Dasgupta, Pritha Dutta, Shervin Hakimi, Amandeep Kaur, Anita T. Layton, Mehrshad Sadria, Melissa Stadt, Vasu Swaroop and Kaixin Zheng)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart I Mathematical Modeling.- 1 Modeling in Biology.- 2 Empirical Modeling.- 3 Mechanistic Modeling. Part II Dynamical Systems.- 4 Dynamics of Single Populations.- 5 Discrete Linear Systems.- 6 Nonlinear Dynamical Systems.- Appendix A. Using Matlab and Octave.- Appendix B. Derivatives and Differentiation.- Appendix C. Nonlinear Optimization.- Appendix D. A Runge-Kutta Method for Numerical Solution of Differential Equations.- Appendix E. Scales and Dimensionless Parameters.- Appendix F. Approximating a Nonlinear System at an Equilibrium Point.- Appendix G. Best Practices in the Use of Algebra.- Hints and Answers to Selected Problems.- Index.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743068762455,"sku":"9783031094538","price":42.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783031094538.jpg?v=1720063972"},{"product_id":"computer-modelling-for-nutritionists-9783319399928","title":"Computer Modelling for Nutritionists","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book draws on Mark Mc Auley’s wealth of experience to provide an intuitive step-by-step guide to the modelling process. It also provides case studies detailing the creation of biological process models. Mark Mc Auley has over 15 years’ experience of applying computing to challenges in bioscience. Currently he is employed as a Senior Lecturer in Chemical Engineering at the University of Chester. He has published widely on the use of computer modelling in nutrition and uses computer modelling to both enhance and enrich the learning experience of the students that he teaches. He has taught computer modelling to individuals at a wide variety of levels and from different backgrounds, from undergraduate nutrition students to PhD and medical students.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction2. Building a computer model for nutrition research3. Model simulation and software4. Parameter optimisation and sensitivity analysis5. Modelling  cholesterol metabolism and ageing6. Modelling Fatty acid metabolism7. Modelling Folate metabolism and DNA methylation8. Conclusions.","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743094878551,"sku":"9783319399928","price":80.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783319399928.jpg?v=1720064087"},{"product_id":"mathematics-of-epidemics-on-networks-from-exact-to-approximate-models-9783319508047","title":"Mathematics of Epidemics on Networks: From Exact","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis textbook provides an exciting new addition to the area of network science featuring a stronger and more methodical link of models to their mathematical origin and explains how these relate to each other with special focus on epidemic spread on networks. The content of the book is at the interface of graph theory, stochastic processes and dynamical systems. The authors set out to make a significant contribution to closing the gap between model development and the supporting mathematics. This is done by:\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSummarising and presenting the state-of-the-art in modeling epidemics on networks with results and readily usable models signposted throughout the book;\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePresenting different mathematical approaches to formulate exact and solvable models;\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIdentifying the concrete links between approximate models and their rigorous mathematical representation;\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePresenting a model hierarchy and clearly highlighting the links between model assumptions and model complexity;\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProviding a reference source for advanced undergraduate students, as well as doctoral students, postdoctoral researchers and academic experts who are engaged in modeling stochastic processes on networks;\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProviding software that can solve differential equation models or directly simulate epidemics on networks.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003eReplete with numerous diagrams, examples, instructive exercises, and online access to simulation algorithms and readily usable code, this book will appeal to a wide spectrum of readers from different backgrounds and academic levels. Appropriate for students with or without a strong background in mathematics, this textbook can form the basis of an advanced undergraduate or graduate course in both mathematics and other departments alike. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“The book adds to the knowledge of epidemic modeling on networks by providing a number of rigorous mathematical arguments and confirming the validity and optimal range of applicability of the epidemic models. It serves as a good reference guide for researchers and a comprehensive textbook for graduate students.” (Yilun Shang, Mathematical Reviews, November, 2017)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“This is one of the first books to appear on modeling epidemics on networks. … This is a comprehensive and well-written text aimed at students with a serious interest in mathematical epidemiology. It is most appropriate for strong advanced undergraduates or graduate students with some background in differential equations, dynamical systems, probability and stochastic processes.” (William J. Satzer, MAA Reviews, September, 2017)\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface.- ​Introduction to Networks and Diseases.- Exact Propagation Models: Top Down.- Exact Propagation Models: Bottom-Up.- Mean-Field Approximations for Heterogeneous Networks.- Percolation-Based Approaches for Disease Modelling.- Hierarchies of SIR Models.- Dynamic and Adaptive Networks.- Non-Markovian Epidemics.- PDE Limits for Large Networks.- Disease Spread in Networks with Large-scale structure.- Appendix: Stochastic Simulation.- Index.","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743096746327,"sku":"9783319508047","price":71.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783319508047.jpg?v=1720064096"},{"product_id":"rna-biology-an-introduction-9783527322787","title":"RNA Biology: An Introduction","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWritten with biologists, biochemists and other molecular scientists in mind, this volume meets the long-felt need for a textbook dedicated to the topic and recreates the excitement surrounding the scientific revolution sparked by the discovery of RNA interference in 1998. Students and instructors alike will profit from the author's exclusive first-hand knowledge, drawing on his breakthrough discoveries at the Tuschl lab at Rockefeller University. \u003cbr\u003e Gunter Meister abandons the traditionalist treatment of nucleic acids found in most biochemistry and molecular biology texts, adopting instead a modern approach in both concept and scope. The text is divided into three parts, on mRNA, non-coding RNA, and RNomics, and the author addresses the traditional roles of RNA in the transmission and regulation of genetic information, as well as the recently discovered functions of small RNA species in pathogen defense, cell differentiation and higher-level genomic regulation.\u003cbr\u003e All set to become the standard for teaching molecular science to biologists and biochemists.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"In summary, Gunter Meister has compiled a most timely textbook that gives an excellent overview of the fundamental biological role of RNA molecules. The book is a valuable resource of information for anyone interested in RNA biology. Its content goes well beyond the scope of standard molecular biology or\u003cbr\u003e biochemistry textbooks.\" (ChemMedChem, 2011)\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e   \u003cp\u003e\"Meister (biochemistry, U. of Regensburg, Germany) covers RNA biology comprehensively without getting into mechanistic detail, to provide an introduction for undergraduate students of all life sciences. Chapter-end references point to fuller treatments for students who are interested.\" (Book News, 1 October 2011)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart One mRNA Biology 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 RNA Building Blocks 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 RNA Folding 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The RNA World Hypothesis 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Functions of RNA 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Protein Classes that are Required for RNA Function 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 RNA Binding Proteins 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1.1 Proteins that Interact with Single Stranded RNAs 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1.2 Proteins that Interact with Double Stranded RNAs 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 RNA Helicases 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Transcription of Pre-mRNAs 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Structure and Organization of Protein Coding Genes 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Transcription of Mrnas by Rna Polymerase II 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Transcriptional Initiation of Protein Coding Genes 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Regulation of Transcriptional Initiation of Rna Polymerase II 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Transition from Preinitiation to Initiation and Promoter Clearance 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Productive Elongation of mRNA Transcripts 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4.1 The Nucleotide Addition Cycle (NAC) 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4.2 Protein Factors that Influence Pol II Elongation 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Transcriptional Termination of Pre-mRNAs 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Transcription is Coupled to Other mRNA Maturation Steps 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Summary 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Capping of the Pre-mRNA 5 0 End 37\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 m 7 G-cap Structure 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 mRNA Capping Enzymes 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 RNA Triphosphatase 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Guanylyltransferase 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Guanine-N7-Methyltransferase 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 5 0 Capping is Coupled to Transcription 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 5 0 Cap Binding Proteins 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Summary 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 3 0 End Processing of Pre-mRNAs 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Polyadenylation Signals 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Proteins Involved in 3 0 End Processing of Pre-mRNAs 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specific Factor (CPSF) 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Cleavage Stimulation Factor (CstF) 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Mammalian Cleavage Factor I (CFI m) and II (CFII m) 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 The Poly(A) Polymerase (PAP) 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Poly(A)-Binding Protein (PABP) 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6 Symplekin 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 3 0 End Processing is Tightly Linked to Transcriptional Termination 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Alternative Polyadenylation 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 3 0 End Processing of Histone mRNAs 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Summary 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Splicing of Eukaryotic Pre-mRNAs 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Group I, II and III Introns 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Group I Introns 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Group II Introns 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Group III Introns 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The Mechanism of pre-mRNA Splicing 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 The Spliceosome 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 The U12-Dependent Minor Spliceosome 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Coupling of Splicing with Transcription and 5 0 Capping 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Alternative Splicing and the Complexity of Genomes 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Mechanisms of Exon Inclusion into the Mature mRNA 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Mechanism of Exon Exclusion from the Mature mRNA 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Summary 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Questions 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 mRNA Export from the Nucleus to the Cytoplasm 73\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Nuclear Import and Nuclear Export 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 mRNA Export Receptors 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Adaptors that Bridge mRNAs with Export Receptors 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Mechanism of mRNA Export 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Coupling of mRNP Export to Other Steps of mRNA Maturation 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Summary 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Questions 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Translation 83\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Amino Acids, mRNAs, tRNAs 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 mRNA 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Amino Acids 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4 Loading Amino Acids onto tRNAs 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 The Ribosome 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 The Mechanisms of Translation 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Translation Initiation 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1.1 Eukaryotes 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1.2 Bacteria 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1.3 Archaea 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1.4 Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (IRESs) 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Elongation 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.1 Polyribosomes 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Termination 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Recycling of the Ribosome 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Translational Regulation 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Regulation of Translation Initiation 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Regulation of Translation Elongation and Termination 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Coupling Translation with Other mRNA Maturation and Quality Control Steps 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Summary 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Questions 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Deadenylation of mRNA 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Deadenylating Enzymes 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Poly(A) Nuclease 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 CCR4-NOT Complex 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Poly(A) Ribonuclease 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.4 Other Deadenylases 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Summary 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Questions 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 mRNA Decapping 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Decapping Enzymes are the Core of the mRNA Decapping Machinery 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Scavenger Decapping Enzyme DcpS 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Regulation of mRNA Decapping 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Inhibitors of Decapping 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Enhancers of Decapping 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Intracellular Localization of mRNA Decapping 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Summary 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Questions 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 mRNA Decay Pathways 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Deadenylation-Dependent mRNA Decay 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 The 5 0 to 3 0 Exoribonuclease Xrn 1 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 The Exosome 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2.1 Structural Organization of the Exosome 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2.2 Mechanism of Exosome-Mediated RNA Degradation 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2.3 Regulation of Exosome Activity 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Deadenylation-Independent mRNA Decay 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Endoribonuclease-Mediated mRNA Decay 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Eukaryotic Endoribonucleases 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Regulation of mRNA Decay 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 RNA Degradation in Bacteria 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Summary 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Questions 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 mRNA Quality Control 137\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Nuclear mRNA Quality Control Mechanisms 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 MRNP Retention at the Transcription Site 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 MRNP Quality Control at the Nuclear Pore Complex 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay (NMD) 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Protein Factors Required for NMD 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1.1 UPF Proteins 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1.2 The Exon–Exon–Junction Complex (EJC) and Nmd 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1.3 SMG Proteins and the Phosphorylation of UPF 1 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Mechanism of NMD in Mammals 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Cytoplasmic Processing Bodies and NMD 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Mechanism of NMD in Yeast and Flies 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 mRNA Degradation Pathways in NMD 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Other mRNA Quality Control Pathways 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Non-Stop mRNA Degradation 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 No-Go mRNA Decay (NGD) 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Summary 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Questions 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Two Non-Coding RNA Biology 151\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Ribosomal RNAs and the Biogenesis of Ribosomes 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Genomic Organization of Ribosomal RNA Genes 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Bacteria and Archaea 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Eukaryotes 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2.1 28S, 18S and 5.8S rRNAs 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2.2 5S rRNA 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Transcription of Ribosomal RNA Genes 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 RNA Polymerase I 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1.1 Initiation of Pol I Transcription 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1.2 Promoter Clearance, Transcript Elongation and Termination of Pol I Transcription 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1.3 Regulation of RNA Polymerase I Transcription 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 RNA Polymerase III and the Transcription of the 5S rRNA 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.1 Pol III Promoters 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.2 Transcription Initiation and Elongation of Rna Polymerase III 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.3 Initiation of Type 3 Promoters 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.4 Termination and Re-Initiation 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Maturation of rRNAs 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Small Nucleolar RNAs are Required for Pre-rRNA Processing 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Assembly of Ribosomal Subunits 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Nuclear Export of Ribosomal Subunits 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Modification, Structure and Function of rRNAs 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Summary 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Questions 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Transfer RNAs 183\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Genomic Organization and Transcription of tRNA Genes 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Processing to Mature tRNAs 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 5 0 Maturation of tRNAs by the RNase P Enzyme Complex 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 3 0 End Maturation of tRNAs 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3 tRNA Splicing 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 tRNA Modifications 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Nuclear Export of tRNAs 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Tertiary Structure of tRNAs 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Summary 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 The 7SL RNA and the Signal Recognition Particle 199\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Architecture of the SRP 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.1 The SRP RNA 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2 Protein Components of the SRP 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2.1 Eukaryotes 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2.2 Archaea and Bacteria 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 SRP-Mediated Protein Translocation 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Summary 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Regulation of Transcription: the 7SK Small Nuclear RNA 209\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Architecture of the 7SK snRNA 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.1 The 7SK snRNA 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.2 Protein Components of the 7SK snRNP 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 The 7SK snRNP Functions as Transcriptional Regulator 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 P-TEFb Function in Transcription 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Repression of P-TEFb by the 7SK snRNP 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Other Small Non-Coding RNAs that Interfere with Transcription 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 The 6S RNA in Bacteria 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Alu, B1 and B2 Non-Coding RNAs in Mammals 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Summary 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Small Nucleolar RNAs 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Genomic Organization and snoRNA Transcription 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Box H\/ACA snoRNAs 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Box C\/D snoRNAs 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Maturation of Functional snoRNPs 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Orphan snoRNAs 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 The Telomerase RNP 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Summary 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Spliceosomal Small Nuclear RNAs 229\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Transcription and Maturation of Spliceosomal snRNAs 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.1 Transcription of Spliceosomal snRNAs 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.2 snRNA Maturation 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.3 SnRNA Export to the Cytoplasm 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 The Structure of UsnRNPs 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Secondary Structure of Spliceosomal snRNAs 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2 Protein Composition of UsnRNPs 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2.1 The Sm\/LSm Core Structure 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2.2 UsnRNP-Specific Proteins 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Assembly of Spliceosomal snRNPs 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Cytoplasmic Assembly of the Sm Core Domain 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.2 Formation of the Tri-Methyl Guanine Cap 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.3 Import of Assembled UsnRNPs into the Nucleus 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Summary 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Questions 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Small Non-Coding RNAs and the Mechanism of Gene Silencing 245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Short Interfering RNAs and the Mechanism of RNA Interference 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Dicer 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Argonaute Proteins 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 microRNAs and the Regulation of Gene Expression 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.1 MiRNA Biogenesis 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.2 Non-Canonical miRNA Biogenesis Pathways 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.3 miRNA Functions 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.3.1 miRNAs Can Act as siRNAs 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.3.2 miRNAs Inhibit Translation 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.3.3 miRNAs Induce Deadenylation and mRNA Decay 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 PiRNAs and the Regulation of Mobile Genetic Elements in the Germ Line 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.1 Transposons as Driving Force Behind Evolution 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.2 PiRNAs Control Transposon Expression 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Small RNAs with Functions in Chromatin Regulation 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 The CRISPR System – A Bacterial and Archaeal Defense Mechanism 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.1 The CRISPR Locus 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.2 Acquisition of CRISPR-Mediated Resistance 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.3 Mechanism of CRISPR Activity 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9 Summary 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Long Non-Coding RNAs 271\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 The XIST Non-Coding RNA and X Chromosome Inactivation 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.1 The X-Chromosome Inactivation Center (XIC) 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.2 the Xist Non-coding Rna and the Mechanism of X Inactivation 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.3 Regulation of XIST Function 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Dosage Compensation in Flies 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Non-Coding RNAs and the Regulation of Imprinting 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 The Regulation of HOX Genes by Long Non-Coding RNAs 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Long non-Coding RNAs are Common in Complex Genomes 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Summary 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 RNA Editing 281\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 RNA Editing by U Insertions or Deletions 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1.1 Mechanisms of U Insertions or Deletions 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 RNA Editing by Base Modification 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.1 c to U conversion 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.2 Adenine to Inosine Editing 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.2.1 Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.2.2 Editing Site Selectivity 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.2.3 Biological Consequences of A to I Conversions 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Summary 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Ribozymes – Catalytic RNA Molecules 293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Identification of Catalytic RNAs 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Mechanisms and Secondary Structures of Different Ribozymes 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.1 Group I Introns 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.2 RNase P 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.3 The Diels–Alderase Ribozyme 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.4 Hammerhead Ribozymes 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.5 The glmS Ribozyme 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Summary 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Riboswitches and RNA Sensors 303\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Mechanisms of Riboswitch Function 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Riboswitch Structures 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 RNA Thermometers 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Summary 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 RNomics 309\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 ‘‘Omics’’ Approaches 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Experimental RNA Profiling Strategies 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2.1 Northern Blotting 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2.2 Microarray 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2.3 Quantitative PCR 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2.4 RNA Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2.5 Next Generation Sequencing 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 RNA Biology and the Complexity of Genomes 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Summary 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix: Answers to Questions 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 355\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743116112215,"sku":"9783527322787","price":51.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783527322787.jpg?v=1720064181"},{"product_id":"chemoinformatics-basic-concepts-and-methods-9783527331093","title":"Chemoinformatics: Basic Concepts and Methods","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis essential guide to the knowledge and tools in the field includes everything from the basic concepts to modern methods, while also forming a bridge to bioinformatics.\u003cbr\u003eThe textbook offers a very clear and didactical structure, starting from the basics and the theory, before going on to provide an overview of the methods. Learning is now even easier thanks to exercises at the end of each section or chapter. Software tools are explained in detail, so that the students not only learn the necessary theoretical background, but also how to use the different software packages available. The wide range of applications is presented in the corresponding book Applied Chemoinformatics - Achievements and Future Opportunities (ISBN 9783527342013). For Master and PhD students in chemistry, biochemistry and computer science, as well as providing an excellent introduction for other newcomers to the field.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eForeword xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThomas Engel and Johann Gasteiger\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 The Rationale for the Books 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 The Objectives of Chemoinformatics 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Learning in Chemoinformatics 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Outline of the Book 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 The Scope of the Book 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Teaching Chemoinformatics 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Principles of Molecular Representations 9\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eThomas Engel\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Chemical Nomenclature 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Non-systematic Nomenclature (Trivial Names) 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Systematic Nomenclature of Chemical Compounds 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Drawbacks of Chemical Nomenclature for Data Processing 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Chemical Notations 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Empirical Formulas of Inorganic and Organic Compounds 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Line Notations 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Mathematical Notations 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Introduction into Graph Theory 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Matrix Representations 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.1 Adjacency Matrix 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.2 Incidence Matrix 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.3 Distance Matrix 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.4 Bond Matrix 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.5 Bond–Electron Matrix 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.6 Summary on Matrix Representations 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Connection Table 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Specific Types of Chemical Structures 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 General Concepts of Isomerism 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Tautomerism 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Markush Structures 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 Beyond a Connection Table Representation 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4.1 Representation of Molecular Structures by Electron Systems 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Spatial Representation of Structures 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Representation of Configurational Isomers 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Chirality 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 3D Coordinate Systems 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Molecular Surfaces 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Reading 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Computer Processing of Chemical Structure Information 43\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eThomas Engel\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Standard File Formats for Chemical Structure Information 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 SMILES 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.1 Stereochemistry in SMILES 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.2 Summary on SMILES 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 SMARTS 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 SYBYL Line Notation 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 The International Chemical Identifier (InChI) and InChIKey 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 XYZ Format 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6 Z-Matrix 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.7 The Molfile Format Family 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.7.1 Structure of a Molfile 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.7.2 Stereochemistry in the Molfile 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.7.3 Structure of an SDfile 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.8 The PDB File Format 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.8.1 Introduction\/History 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.8.2 General Description 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.8.3 Analysis of a Sample PDB File 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.9 Metadata Formats 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.9.1 STAR-Based File Formats and Dictionaries 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.9.2 CIF File Format 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.9.3 mmCIF File Format 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.9.4 CML 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.9.5 CSRML 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.10 Libraries for Handling Information in Structure File Formats 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Input and Output of Chemical Structures 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Molecule Editors 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Molecule Viewers 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Processing Constitutional Information 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Structure Isomers and Isomorphism 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Tautomerism 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Unambiguous and Biunique Representation by Canonicalization 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3.1 The Morgan Algorithm 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Ring Perception 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4.1 Introduction 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4.2 Graph Terminology 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4.3 Ring Perception Strategies 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Processing 3D Structure Information 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Detection and Specification of Chirality 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1.1 Detection of Chirality 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1.2 Specification of Chirality 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Automatic Generation of 3D Structures 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Automatic Generation of Ensemble of Conformations 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Visualization of Molecular Models 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Introduction 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Models of the 3D Structure 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2.1 Wire Frame and Capped Sticks Model 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2.2 Ball-and-Stick Model 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2.3 Space-Filling Model 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2.4 Crystallographic Models 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Models of Biological Macromolecules 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 Virtual Reality 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.5 3D Printing 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Calculation of Molecular Surfaces 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Van der Waals Surface 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Connolly Surface 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.3 Solvent-Accessible Surface 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.4 Enzyme Cavity Surface (Union Surface) 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.5 Isovalue-Based Electron Density Surface 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.6 Experimentally Determined Surfaces 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.7 Visualization of Molecular Surface Properties 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.8 Property-based Isosurfaces 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.8.1 Electrostatic Potentials 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.8.2 Hydrogen Bonding Potential 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.8.3 Polarizability and Hydrophobicity Potential 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.8.4 Spin Density 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.8.5 Vector Fields 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.8.6 Volumetric Properties 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Chemoinformatic Toolkits and Workflow Environments 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Reading 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Representation of Chemical Reactions 121\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eOliver Sacher and Johann Gasteiger\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Reaction Equation 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Reaction Types 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Reaction Center and Reaction Mechanisms 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Chemical Reactivity 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Physicochemical Effects 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.1 Charge Distribution 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.2 Inductive Effect 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.3 Resonance Effect 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.4 Polarizability Effect 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.5 Steric Effect 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.6 Stereoelectronic Effects 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Simple Methods for Quantifying Chemical Reactivity 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.1 Frontier Molecular Orbital Theory 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.2 Linear Free Energy Relationships 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Learning from Reaction Information 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Building of Reaction Databases 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Contents 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Reaction Data Exchange Formats 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2.1 RXN\/RDF format by MDL\/Symyx 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2.2 Reaction SMILES\/SMIRKS by Daylight Chemical Information Systems 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2.3 Chemical Markup Language 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2.4 International Chemical Identifier for Reactions (RinChI) 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Input and Output of Reactions 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Reaction Center Perception 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Reaction Classification 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.1 Model-Driven Approaches 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.1.1 Ugi’s Scheme and Some Follow-Ups 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.1.2 InfoChem’s Reaction Classification 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.2 Data-Driven Approaches 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.2.1 HORACE 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.2.2 Reaction Landscapes 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Stereochemistry of Reactions 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Reaction Networks 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Reading 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 The Data 155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Data Types 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Numerical Data 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Molecular Structures 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Bit Vectors 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3.1 Hash Codes 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3.2 Structural Keys 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3.3 Fingerprints 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Chemical Reactions 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.5 Molecular Spectra 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Storage and Manipulation of Data 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Experimental Data 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.1 Types of Data on Properties 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.2 Accuracy of the Data 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Data Storage and Exchange 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1 DAT File 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2 JCAMP-DX 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.3 Predictive Model Markup Language (PMML) 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Real-World Data 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.1 Data Complexity 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.2 Outliers and Redundant Objects 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Data Transformation 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4.1 Fast Fourier Transformation 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4.2 Wavelet Transformation 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Preparation of Datasets for Building of Models and Validations of Their Quality 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Conclusions 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Reading 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Databases and Data Sources in Chemistry 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEngelbert Zass and Thomas Engel\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Chemical Literature and Databases 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Classification of Chemical Literature 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 The Origin of Chemical Databases 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Evolution of Database Systems and User Interfaces 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Major Chemical Database Systems 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 SciFinder 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Reaxys 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 SciFinder versus Reaxys 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Compound Databases 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 2D Structures 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.1 Searching Organic Compounds 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.2 Searching Inorganic and Coordination Compounds 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Sequences of Biopolymers 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 3D Structures 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Catalog Databases 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Databases with Properties of Compounds 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Physical Properties 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Thermodynamic and Thermochemical Data 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Spectra 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3.1 Spectroscopic Databases 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3.2 Compound Databases with Spectroscopic Information 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Biological, Environmental, and Safety Information Sources 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4.1 Biological Information 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4.2 Pharmaceutical and Medical Information 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4.3 Toxicity, Environmental, and Safety Information 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Reaction Databases 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Comprehensive Reaction Databases 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Synthetic Methodology Databases 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Bibliographic and Citation Databases 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1 Bibliographic Databases 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1.1 Special Bibliographic Databases 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1.2 Patent Bibliographic Databases 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1.3 Searching Bibliographic Databases 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1.4 Linking to Full Text 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2 Citation Databases 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2.1 General Citation Databases 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2.2 Patent Citation Databases 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Full-Text Databases 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Electronic Journals 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 Patents 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.3 Lexika and Encyclopedias 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Architecture of a Structure-Searchable Database 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Reading 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Searching Chemical Structures 231\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNikolay Kochev, Valentin Monev, and Ivan Bangov\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Full Structure Search 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Substructure Search 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Basic Concepts 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Backtracking Algorithm 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Optimization of the Backtracking Algorithm 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Screening 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Superstructure Searching 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.6 Automorphism Searching 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.7 Maximum Common Substructure Searching 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.8 Specific Line Notations for Substructure Searching 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.9 Chemotypes for Database Searching 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Similarity Search 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Similarity Basics 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Similarity Measures 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Descriptor Selection and Coding 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Similarity Measures Based on Maximum Common Substructure 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Three-Dimensional Structure Search Methods 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Pharmacophore Searching 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 3D Similarity Searching 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Sequence Searching in Protein and Nucleic Acid Databases 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Sequence Similarity Definition 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Dynamic Programming Algorithm 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 Fast Sequence Searching in Large Databases 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Summary 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Reading 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Computational Chemistry 267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.1 Empirical Approaches to the Calculation of Properties 269\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cbr\u003eJohann Gasteiger\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Introduction 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Additivity of Atomic Contributions 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Attenuation Models 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3.1 Calculation of Charge Distribution 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3.2 Polarizability Effect 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Reading 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.2 Molecular Mechanics 279\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHarald Lanig\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Introduction 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 No Force Field Calculation without Atom Types 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 The Functional Form of Common Force Fields 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.1 Bond Stretching 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.2 Angle Bending 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.3 Torsional Terms 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.4 Out-of-Plane Bending 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.5 Electrostatic Interactions 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.6 Van der Waals Interactions 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.7 Cross Terms 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.8 Advanced Interatomic Potentials and Future Development 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Available Force Fields 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.1 Force Fields for Small Molecules 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.2 Force Fields for Biomolecules 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.3 Molecular Dynamics 301\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHarald Lanig\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Introduction 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 The Continuous Movement of Molecules 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Methods 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3.1 Algorithms 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3.2 Ways for Speeding up the Calculations 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3.3 Solvent Effects 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3.4 Periodic Boundary Conditions 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Constant Energy, Temperature, or Pressure? 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Long-Range Forces 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.6 Application of Molecular Dynamics Techniques 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.7 Future Perspectives 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Readings 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.4 Quantum Mechanics 320\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTim Clark\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Hückel Molecular Orbital Theory 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Semiempirical MO Theory 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Theory 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4 Density Functional Theory 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.5 Properties from Quantum Mechanical Calculations 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.5.1 Net Atomic Charges 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.5.2 Dipole and Higher Multipole Moments 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.5.3 Polarizabilities 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.5.4 Orbital Energies 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.5.5 Surface Descriptors 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.5.6 Local Ionization Potential 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.6 Quantum Mechanical Techniques for Very Largen Molecules 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.6.1 Linear Scaling Methods 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.6.2 Hybrid QM\/MM Calculations 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.7 The Future of Quantum Mechanical Methods in Chemoinformatics 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Reading 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Modeling and Prediction of Properties (QSPR\/QSAR) 345\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJohann Gasteiger\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Calculation of Structure Descriptors 349\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLothar Terfloth and Johann Gasteiger\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 QSPR\/QSAR Modeling 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Overview 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Classification of Compounds and Similarity Searching 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.4 Definition of the Terms “Structure Descriptor” and “Molecular Descriptor” 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.5 Classification of Structure Descriptors 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.6 Structure Descriptors with a Fixed Length 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Structure Descriptors for Classification and Similarity Searching 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 2D Structure Descriptors (Topological Descriptors) 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.1 Structural Keys 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.2 Fingerprints 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.3 Distance and Similarity Measures 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.4 Chemotypes: Data Mining for Compounds with Structural Features 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.5 Multilevel Neighborhoods of Atoms 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.6 Descriptors from Shannon Entropy Calculations 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.7 Chemically Advanced Template Search (CATS2D) Descriptors 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.8 Descriptors from Chemical Bond Information 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 3D Descriptors 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.1 Geometric Atom Pair Descriptors 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.2 CATS3D and CHARGE3D 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.3 Pharmacophores 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Field-Based Molecular Similarity 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3.1 Electron Density 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3.2 General Field-Based Similarity Indices 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Structure Descriptors for Quantitative Modeling 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 0-D Molecular Descriptors 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 1D Molecular Descriptors 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 2D Molecular Descriptors (Topological Descriptors) 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3.1 Single-Valued Descriptors 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3.2 Topological Descriptors as Vectors 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 3D Descriptors 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4.1 3D Structure Generation 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4.2 3D Autocorrelation Vector 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4.3 3D Molecule Representation of Structures Based on Electron Diffraction Code (3D MoRSE Code) 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4.4 Radial Distribution Function Code 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4.5 Other 3D Descriptors 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5 Chirality Descriptors 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5.1 Chirality Codes 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5.2 Conformation-Independent Chirality Code (CICC) 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5.3 Conformation-Dependent Chirality Code (CDCC) 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5.4 Descriptors of Molecular Shape and Molecular Surfaces 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5.5 Global Shape Descriptors 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5.6 Autocorrelation of Molecular Surface Properties 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5.7 2D Maps of Molecular Surfaces 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5.8 Charged Partial Surface Area 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.6 Field-Based Methods 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.6.1 Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.6.2 Comparative Molecular Similarity Analysis (CoMSIA) 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.6.3 3D Molecular Interaction Fields 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.7 Descriptors for an Ensemble of Conformations (4D Descriptors) 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.7.1 4D-QSAR 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.8 Quantum Chemical Descriptors 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Descriptors That Are Not Calculated from the Chemical Structure 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Summary and Outlook 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Reading 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Data Analysis and Data Handling (QSPR\/QSAR) 397\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.1 Methods for Multivariate Data Analysis 399\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKurt Varmuza\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Introduction into Multivariate Data Analysis 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1.1 Aims 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1.2 Notation and Symbols 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Basics of Statistical Data Evaluation 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2.1 Data Distribution, Central Value, and Spread 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2.2 Correlation 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2.3 Discrimination 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Multivariate Data 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3.1 Overview 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3.2 Preprocessing 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3.3 Distances and Similarities 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3.4 Linear Latent Variables 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4 Evaluation of Empirical Models 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4.1 Overview 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4.2 Optimum Model Complexity 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4.3 Performance Criteria for Calibration Models 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4.4 Performance Criteria for Classification Models 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4.5 Cross-Validation 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4.6 Bootstrap 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.5 Exploration: Analyzing the Independent Variables 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.5.1 Overview 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.5.2 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.5.3 Nonlinear Mapping 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.5.4 Cluster Analysis 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.5.5 Example: Exploratory Data Analysis of Mass Spectra from Meteorite Samples 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.6 Calibration: Building a Quantitative Model 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.6.1 Overview 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.6.2 Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.6.3 Principal Component Regression (PCR) 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.6.4 Partial Least Squares (PLS) Regression 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.6.5 Variable Selection 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.6.6 Example: Prediction of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.7 Classification: Discriminating Samples 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.7.1 Overview 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.7.2 Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.7.3 Discriminant Partial Least Squares (D-PLS) Analysis 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.7.4 k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Classification 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.7.5 Support Vector Machine (SVM) 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.7.6 Classification Trees (CART) 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.7.7 Example: Classification of Meteorite Samples Using Mass Spectral Data 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Reading 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.2 Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) 438\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJure Zupan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 How to Learn a New Method? 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Multivariate Representation of Data 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Overview of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Error Back-Propagation ANNs 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Kohonen and Counter-Propagation ANN 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.6 Training of the ANN: Adapting the Weights 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.7 Controlling Model Complexity and Optimizing Predictivity 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.8 Few General Remarks about ANNs 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Reading 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.3 Deep and Shallow Neural Networks 453\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid A. Winkler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Drug Design in the Era of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Deep Learning 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Controlling Model Complexity and Optimizing Predictivity Using Regularization 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Universal Approximation Theorem 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.5 Do QSAR Models Generated by Neural Networks Meet the Requirements of the Universal Approximation Theorem? 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.6 Comparison of the Performance of Deep and Shallow Regularized Neural Networks on Drug Datasets 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.7 A Few General Remarks about Neural Networks for Drug Discovery 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Reading 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 QSAR\/QSPR Revisited 465\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlexander Golbraikh and Alexander Tropsha\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Best Practices of QSAR Modeling 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Introduction 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Key Concepts 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 Predictive QSAR Modeling Workflow 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.4 Dataset Curation 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.5 Modelability Studies 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.6 Development of QSAR Models: Internal and External Validation 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.7 Prediction Accuracy Criteria for QSAR Models for a Continuous Response Variable 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.8 Prediction Accuracy Criteria for Category QSAR Models 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.9 Time-Split Validation 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.10 Validation by Y-Randomization 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.11 Applicability Domain of QSAR Models 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.11.1 Leverage AD for Regression QSAR Models 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.11.2 Residual Standard Deviation (RSD) as AD 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.11.3 Other widely Used ADs 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.12 Ensemble Modeling 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.13 Model Interpretation: Structural Alerts 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.14 Virtual Screening 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.15 Conclusions 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 The Data Science of QSAR Modeling 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Introduction 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Data Curation: Trust but Verify! 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Models as Decision Support Tools 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Conclusions 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Reading 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Bioinformatics 497\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHeinrich Sticht\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Sequence Databases 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 GenBank 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 UniProt 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Searching Sequence Databases 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Tools for Sequence Database Searches 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Scoring Matrices 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Interpretation of the Results of a Database Search 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Characterization of Protein Families 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Multiple Sequence Alignment 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Sequence Signatures 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Homology Modeling 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected Reading 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Future Directions 525\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJohann Gasteiger\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Access to Chemical Information 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Representation of Chemical Compounds 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Representation of Chemical Reactions 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Learning from Chemical Information 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Training in Chemoinformatics 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers Section 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 555\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743117193559,"sku":"9783527331093","price":66.3,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783527331093.jpg?v=1720064187"},{"product_id":"fixing-your-damaged-and-incorrect-genes-9789811202063","title":"Fixing Your Damaged And Incorrect Genes","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFixing Your Damaged and Incorrect Genes is a book about a well-established biological process called DNA REPAIR. The book describes the multiple and varied biochemical strategies by which damaged or incorrect nucleotides are removed from DNA or are corrected. The book includes multiple figures of notable past and present scientists in the field. The book is uniquely focused on an audience of non-biologists and is written in simple language with minimal use of technical terms. It contains an extensive glossary that provides explanations of key words that readers are encouraged to refer to as they read. Fixing Your Damaged and Incorrect Genes is unique, there being no previously published books for non-biologists on the topic of DNA repair.","brand":"World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743275987287,"sku":"9789811202063","price":23.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789811202063.jpg?v=1720064881"},{"product_id":"nanopore-sequencing-an-introduction-9789811213083","title":"Nanopore Sequencing: An Introduction","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an introductory text and laboratory manual to be used primarily in undergraduate courses. It is also useful for graduate students and research scientists who require an introduction to the theory and methods of nanopore sequencing. The book has clear explanations of the principles of this emerging technology, together with instructional material written by experts that describes how to use a MinION nanopore instrument for sequencing in research or the classroom.At Harvard University the book serves as a textbook and lab manual for a university laboratory course designed to intensify the intellectual experience of incoming undergraduates while exploring biology as a field of concentration. Nanopore sequencing is an ideal topic as a path to encourage students about the range of courses they will take in Biology by pre-emptively addressing the complaint about having to take a course in Physics or Maths while majoring in Biology. The book addresses this complaint by concretely demonstrating the range of topics — from electricity to biochemistry, protein structure, molecular engineering, and informatics — that a student will have to master in subsequent courses if he or she is to become a scientist who truly understands what his or her biology instrument is measuring when investigating biological phenomena.","brand":"World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743276314967,"sku":"9789811213083","price":52.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789811213083.jpg?v=1720064882"},{"product_id":"introduction-to-computational-metagenomics-9789811242465","title":"Introduction To Computational Metagenomics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBreakthroughs in high-throughput genome sequencing and high-performance computing technologies have empowered scientists to decode many genomes including our own. Now they have a bigger ambition: to fully understand the vast diversity of microbial communities within us and around us, and to exploit their potential for the improvement of our health and environment. In this new field called metagenomics, microbial genomes are sequenced directly from the habitats without lab cultivation. Computational metagenomics, however, faces both a data challenge that deals with tens of tera-bases of sequences and an algorithmic one that deals with the complexity of thousands of species and their interactions.This interdisciplinary book is essential reading for those who are interested in beginning their own journey in computational metagenomics. It is a prism to look through various intricate computational metagenomics problems and unravel their three distinctive aspects: metagenomics, data engineering, and algorithms. Graduate students and advanced undergraduates from genomics science or computer science fields will find that the concepts explained in this book can serve as stepping stones for more advanced topics, while metagenomics practitioners and researchers from similar disciplines may use it to broaden their knowledge or identify new research targets.","brand":"World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743281262935,"sku":"9789811242465","price":72.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789811242465.jpg?v=1720064905"},{"product_id":"getting-started-in-mathematical-life-sciences-from-matlab-programming-to-computer-simulations-9789811982569","title":"Getting Started in Mathematical Life Sciences:","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book helps the reader make use of the mathematical models of biological phenomena starting from the basics of programming and computer simulation. Computer simulations based on a mathematical model enable us to find a novel biological mechanism and predict an unknown biological phenomenon. Mathematical biology could further expand the progress of modern life sciences. Although many biologists are interested in mathematical biology, they do not have experience in mathematics and computer science. An educational course that combines biology, mathematics, and computer science is very rare to date. Published books for mathematical biology usually explain the theories of established mathematical models, but they do not provide a practical explanation for how to solve the differential equations included in the models, or to establish such a model that fits with a phenomenon of interest. \u003cbr\u003eMATLAB is an ideal programming platform for the beginners of computer science. This book starts from the very basics about how to write a programming code for MATLAB (or Octave), explains how to solve ordinary and partial differential equations, and how to apply mathematical models to various biological phenomena such as diabetes, infectious diseases, and heartbeats. Some of them are original models, newly developed for this book. Because MATLAB codes are embedded and explained throughout the book, it will be easy to catch up with the text. In the final chapter, the book focuses on the mathematical model of the proneural wave, a phenomenon that guarantees the sequential differentiation of neurons in the brain. This model was published as a paper from the author’s lab (Sato et al., PNAS 113, E5153, 2016), and was intensively explained in the book chapter “Notch Signaling in Embryology and Cancer”, published by Springer in 2020. \u003cbr\u003eThis book provides the reader who has a biological background with invaluable opportunities to learn and practice mathematical biology.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Preparation.- 2. Introduction to MATLAB   programming .-  3. Simulating time variations in   life phenomena.-  4. Simulating temporal and   spatial changes in biological phenomena.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Springer Verlag, Singapore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743295385943,"sku":"9789811982569","price":39.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789811982569.jpg?v=1720064971"},{"product_id":"the-tangled-tree-9780008310714","title":"The Tangled Tree","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLonglisted for the National Book Award for Nonfiction and A New York Times Notable Book of 2018.Our understanding of the tree of life', with powerful implications for human genetics, human health and our own human nature, has recently completely changed.This book is about a new method of telling the story of life on earth  through molecular phylogenetics. It involves a fairly simple method  the reading of the deep history of life by looking at the variation in protein molecules found in living organisms. For instance, we now know that roughly eight per cent of the human genome arrived not through traditional inheritance from directly ancestral forms, but sideways by viral infection.In The Tangled Tree, acclaimed science writer David Quammen chronicles these discoveries through the lives of the researchers who made them  such as Carl Woese, the most important little-known biologist of the twentieth century; Lynn Margulis, the notorious maverick whose wild ideas about mosaic' creatures p\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePraise for Tangled Tree:\u003c\/p\u003e           \u003cp\u003e‘[Quammen] is our greatest living chronicler of the natural world … There are vivacious descriptions on almost every page.’ New York Times\u003c\/p\u003e           \u003cp\u003e‘In The Tangled Tree, celebrated science writer David Quammen tells perhaps the grandest tale in biology … He presents the science – and the scientists involved – with patience, candour and flair.’ Nature\u003c\/p\u003e           \u003cp\u003e‘Quammen adds some intriguing new discoveries’ New Scientist\u003c\/p\u003e           \u003cp\u003ePraise for David Quammen:\u003c\/p\u003e           \u003cp\u003e‘One of that rare breed of science journalists who blends exploration with a talent for synthesis and storytelling’ Nature\u003c\/p\u003e           \u003cp\u003e‘Mr. Quammen is, by trade, neither professional environmentalist nor scientist. He is a writer. And the book he has worked on for 10 years is intelligent, playful and refreshingly free of cant … In Mr. Quammen’s hands, the bad news of species extinction unaccountably uplifts. For it reminds us of nature’s sheer, ornery diversity, and why it needs to be preserved. We share in the excitement of a new scientific discipline aborning. By book’s end, we glean hints of hope that the future may not be entirely bleak … Here is what a book can be’\u003cbr\u003eThe New York Times Book Review\u003c\/p\u003e           \u003cp\u003e‘Quammen is no ordinary writer. He is simply astonishing, one of that rare class of writer gifted with verve, ingenuity, humour, guts, and great heart’ Elle\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HarperCollins Publishers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48863942771031,"sku":"9780008310714","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780008310714.jpg?v=1722269708"},{"product_id":"genes-and-dna-9780231130134","title":"Genes and DNA","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCovers various aspects of contemporary biology including gene therapy, the Human Genome Project, DNA testing, and genetic engineering, and fundamental concepts. This book discusses classical and molecular genetics, quantitative and population genetics including cloning and genetic diseases, and the many applications of genetics to the world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book covers much of the material in a high school textbook...but Omoto and Lurquin write in a way that makes things relevan to any interested adult. I think this is an excellent book that will be of great value in any public library collection...also in university and college libraries. -- Margaret Henderson E-Stream Very useful introduction to genes and genetic applications...Recommended. General readers. -- P. M. Watt Choice As a society we are asked to make informed decisions on complex issues such as stem cell research and the labeling of our food based on its level of genetic modification. We have a lot of homework to do, and this book is a good start. -- Stephen Jones Washington State Magazine\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface: Why Is Genetics Important? 1. What Are Genes? Try This at Home: Extract DNA from Vegetables in Your Kitchen 2. Inheritance of Single-Gene Traits 3. Mendelian Traits in Humans Try This at Home: Pedigree Game 4. From Genes to Phenotype Try This at Home: DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation Game 5. Using Bacteria as Protein Factories 6. Genetically Modified Plants 7. When Things Go Wrong 8. Mutagens, Teratogens, and Human Reproduction 9. Linkage and Mapping: Gene Discovery Try This at Home: Independent Assortment of Chromosomes and the Making of a Unique Individual Try This at Home: Explore Genetics Databases 10. Genetics of Populations and Genetic Testing 11. Survival of the Fittest? Try This at Home: Demonstrations of the Effects of Small Population Size 12. Nature Versus Nurture 13. Genetically Modified Animals and the Applications of Gene Technology for Humans Appendix A. Internet Resources Appendix B. Glossary of Scientific Names of Organisms Appendix C. Glossary of Human Genetic Diseases Appendix D. Glossary of Terms","brand":"Columbia University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864249020759,"sku":"9780231130134","price":28.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780231130134.jpg?v=1722271064"},{"product_id":"from-genes-to-genomes-9780470683859","title":"From Genes to Genomes","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe latest edition of this highly successful textbook introduces the key techniques and concepts involved in cloning genes and in studying their expression and variation.     The new edition features:          *          Increased coverage of whole-genome sequencing technologies and enhanced treatment of bioinformatics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e“This third edition is absolutely necessary to incorporate the recent advances, such as genome sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, and microarray technology, in this field.”  (\u003ci\u003eDoody’s\u003c\/i\u003e, 19 October 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 From Genes to Genomes 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Basic molecular biology 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 The DNA backbone 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 The base pairs 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 RNA structure 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Nucleic acid synthesis 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Coiling and supercoilin 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 What is a gene? 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Information flow: gene expression 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Transcription 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Translation 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Gene structure and organisation 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Operons 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Exons and introns 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Refinements of the model 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 How to Clone a Gene 25\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 What is cloning? 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Overview of the procedures 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Extraction and purification of nucleic acids 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Breaking up cells and tissues 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Alkaline denaturation 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Column purification 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Detection and quantitation of nucleic acids 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Gel electrophoresis 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Analytical gel electrophoresis 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Preparative gel electrophoresis 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Restriction endonucleases 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Specificity 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Sticky and blunt ends 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Ligation 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Optimising ligation conditions 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2 Preventing unwanted ligation: alkaline phosphatase and double digests 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.3 Other ways of joining DNA fragments 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Modification of restriction fragment ends 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.1 Linkers and adaptors 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.2 Homopolymer tailing 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Plasmid vectors 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1 Plasmid replication 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.2 Cloning sites 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.3 Selectable markers 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.4 Insertional inactivation 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.5 Transformation 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Vectors based on the lambda bacteriophage 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1 Lambda biology 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.2 \u003ci\u003eIn vitro\u003c\/i\u003e packaging 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.3 Insertion vectors 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.4 Replacement vectors 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Cosmids 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Supervectors: YACs and BACs 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 Summary 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Genomic and cDNA Libraries 75\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Genomic libraries 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Partial digests 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Choice of vectors 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Construction and evaluation of a genomic library 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Growing and storing libraries 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 cDNA libraries 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Isolation of mRNA 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 cDNA synthesis 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Bacterial cDNA 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Screening libraries with gene probes 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Hybridization 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Labelling probes 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Steps in a hybridization experiment 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Screening procedure 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Probe selection and generation 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Screening expression libraries with antibodies 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Characterization of plasmid clones 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Southern blots 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 PCR and sequence analysis 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 The PCR reaction 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 PCR in practice 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Optimisation of the PCR reaction 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Primer design 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Analysis of PCR products 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Contamination 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Cloning PCR products 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Long-range PCR 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Reverse-transcription PCR 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Quantitative and real-time PCR 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 SYBR Green 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 TaqMan 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Molecular beacons 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Applications of PCR 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Probes and other modified products 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 PCR cloning strategies 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Analysis of recombinant clones and rare events 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4 Diagnostic applications 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Sequencing a Cloned Gene 131\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 DNA sequencing 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Principles of DNA sequencing 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Automated sequencing 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Extending the sequence 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4 Shotgun sequencing; contig assembly 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Databank entries and annotation 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Sequence analysis 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Identification of coding region 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Expression signals 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Sequence comparisons 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 DNA sequences 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Protein sequence comparisons 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Sequence alignments: Clustal 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Protein structure 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Structure predictions 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Protein motifs and domains 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Confirming gene function 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Allelic replacement and gene knockouts 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Complementation 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Analysis of Gene Expression 169\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Analysing transcription 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Northern blots 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Reverse transcription-PCR 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 \u003ci\u003eIn situ\u003c\/i\u003e hybridization 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Methods for studying the promoter 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Locating the promoter 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Reporter genes 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Regulatory elements and DNA-binding proteins 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Yeast one-hybrid assays 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 DNase I footprinting 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Gel retardation assays 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Translational analysis 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Western blots 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Products from Native and Manipulated Cloned Genes 189\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Factors affecting expression of cloned genes 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Transcription 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Translation initiation 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Codon usage 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4 Nature of the protein product 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Expression of cloned genes in bacteria 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Transcriptional fusions 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Stability: conditional expression 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Expression of lethal genes 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Translational fusions 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Yeast systems 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Cloning vectors for yeasts 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Yeast expression systems 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Expression in insect cells: baculovirus systems 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Mammalian cells 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Cloning vectors for mammalian cells 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Expression in mammalian cells 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Adding tags and signals 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Tagged proteins 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Secretion signals 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 \u003ci\u003eIn vitro\u003c\/i\u003e mutagenesis 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Site-directed mutagenesis 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Synthetic genes 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3 Assembly PCR 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.4 Synthetic genomes 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.5 Protein engineering 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Vaccines 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.1 Subunit vaccines 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.2 DNA vaccines 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Genomic Analysis 229\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Overview of genome sequencing 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Strategies 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Next generation sequencing (NGS) 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Pyrosequencing (454) 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 SOLiD sequencing (Applied Biosystems) 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Bridge amplification sequencing (Solexa\/Ilumina) 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Other technologies 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 \u003ci\u003eDe novo\u003c\/i\u003e sequence assembly 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Repetitive elements and gaps 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Analysis and annotation 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Identification of ORFs 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Identification of the function of genes and their products 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Other features of nucleic acid sequences 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Comparing genomes 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 BLAST 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Synteny 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Genome browsers 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Relating genes and functions: genetic and physical maps 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Linkage analysis 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.2 Ordered libraries and chromosome walking 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Transposon mutagenesis and other screening techniques 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.1 Transposition in bacteria 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.2 Transposition in \u003ci\u003eDrosophila\u003c\/i\u003e 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.3 Transposition in other organisms 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.4 Signature-tagged mutagenesis 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Gene knockouts, gene knockdowns and gene silencing 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Metagenomics 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Conclusion 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Analysis of Genetic Variation 275\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Single nucleotide polymorphisms 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Direct sequencing 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 SNP arrays 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Larger scale variations 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Microarrays and indels 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Other methods for studying variation 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Genomic Southern blot analysis: restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 VNTR and microsatellites 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Human genetic variation: relating phenotype to genotype 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Linkage analysis 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Database resources 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Genetic diagnosis 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Molecular phylogeny 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Methods for constructing trees 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Post-Genomic Analysis 305\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Analysing transcription: transcriptomes 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Differential screening 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Other methods: transposons and reporters 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Array-based methods 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Expressed sequence tag (EST) arrays 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 PCR product arrays 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Synthetic oligonucleotide arrays 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Important factors in array hybridization 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Transcriptome sequencing 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Translational analysis: proteomics 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Two-dimensional electrophoresis 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Mass spectrometry 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Post-translational analysis: protein interactions 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Two-hybrid screening 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Phage display libraries 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Epigenetics 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Integrative studies: systems biology 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Metabolomic analysis 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 Pathway analysis and systems biology 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Modifying Organisms: Transgenics 327\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Transgenesis and cloning 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Common species used for transgenesis 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Control of transgene expression 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Animal transgenesis 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Basic methods 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Direct injection 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Retroviral vectors 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Embryonic stem cell technology 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Gene knockouts 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.6 Gene knock-down technology: RNA interference 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.7 Gene knock-in technology 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Applications of transgenic animals 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Disease prevention and treatment 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Live vaccine production: modification of bacteria and viruses 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Gene therapy 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Viral vectors for gene therapy 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Transgenic plants and their applications 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Introducing foreign genes 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Gene subtraction 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3 Applications 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Transgenics: a coda 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGlossary 355\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBibliography 375\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIndex 379\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864637518167,"sku":"9780470683859","price":40.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470683859.jpg?v=1722272839"},{"product_id":"bioinformatics-and-functional-genomics-9781118581780","title":"Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe bestselling introduction to bioinformatics and genomics     now in its third edition  Widely received in its previous editions, Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics offers the most broad-based introduction to this explosive new discipline.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Analyzing DNA, RNA, and Protein Sequences\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 Access to Sequence Data and Related Information 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 Pairwise Sequence Alignment 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 Advanced Database Searching 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 Multiple Sequence Alignment 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Genomewide Analysis of DNA, RNA, and Protein\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 DNA: The Eukaryotic Chromosome 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 Analysis of Next-Generation Sequence Data 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 Bioinformatic Approaches to Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 Gene Expression: Microarray and RNA-seq Data Analysis 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 Protein Analysis and Proteomics 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 Protein Structure 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 Functional Genomics 635\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Genome Analysis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 Genomes Across the Tree of Life 699\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 Completed Genomes: Viruses 755\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 Completed Genomes: Bacteria and Archaea 797\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 Eukaryotic Genomes: Fungi 847\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19 Eukaryotic Genomes: From Parasites to Primates 887\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 Human Genome 957\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 Human Disease 1011\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 1075\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Test Quiz: Solutions 1103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthor Index 1105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubject Index 1109\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866373992791,"sku":"9781118581780","price":100.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118581780.jpg?v=1722278346"},{"product_id":"bioinformatics-data-skills-9781449367374","title":"Bioinformatics Data 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With this practical guide, you'll learn how to use freely available open source tools to extract meaning from large complex biological data sets.","brand":"O'Reilly Media","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48867117695319,"sku":"9781449367374","price":32.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781449367374.jpg?v=1722281775"},{"product_id":"the-making-of-the-fittest-dna-and-the-ultimate-forensic-record-of-evolution-9781847247247","title":"The Making of the Fittest: DNA and the Ultimate","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more than a century, we were restricted to studying evolution from the outside, observing its progress only through the fossil record. No longer. We can now also read the DNA record. As well as containing the operating instructions for everyday existence and for making the next generation, DNA contains a vast and detailed history of the three-billion-year development of life on Earth. It is a living chronicle \u003cbr\u003eof evolution, pinpointing the precise changes that have enabled Earth's marvelous creatures to inhabit the planet's shifting environments, from the freezing waters of the Antarctic to the lush canopy of the rainforest. \u003cbr\u003eCaptivating and lucid, The Making of the Fittest delves deep into the DNA record to reveal not just how the fittest survive but also how they are made.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDazzling work, passionate and magisterial. Nothing of more lasting importance than the core narrative of this book will be published this year - Guardian * Guardian *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface Beyond Any Reasonable Doubt. Chapter 1 Introduction: The Bloodless Fish of Bouvet Island. Chapter 2 The Everyday Math of Evolution: Chance, Selection, and Time. Chapter 3 Immortal Genes: Running in Place for Eons. Chapter 4 Making the New from the Old. Chapter 5 Fossil Genes: Broken Pieces of Yesterday's Life. Chapter 6 Deja Vu: How and Why Evolution Repeats Itself. Chapter 7 Our Flesh and Blood: Arms Races, the Human Race, and Natural Selection. Chapter 8 The Making and Evolution of Complexity. Chapter 9 Seeing and Believing. Chapter 10 The Palm Trees of Wyoming. Sources and Further Reading. Acknowledgements. Index.","brand":"Quercus Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48868717756759,"sku":"9781847247247","price":11.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781847247247.jpg?v=1722289376"},{"product_id":"mathematik-in-der-biologie-9783540292548","title":"Mathematik in der Biologie","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eDer Autor steigt über biologische Fragestellungen in die Mathematik ein und stellt kurz, knapp und dennoch umfassend die mathematischen Grundlagen dar, die für Biologen relevant sind. Zu Beginn jedes Kapitels wird anhand einfacher Beispiele erläutert, wie ein mathematisches Modell überhaupt entsteht. Der Stoff ist so aufbereitet, dass die Schulmathematik als Voraussetzung ausreicht. Das neu angeeignete Wissen kann anhand von Übungsaufgaben (mit Lösungen) erprobt werden.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAus den Rezensionen:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"In dem vom Springer-Verlag veröffentlichten Buch ‘Mathematik in der Biologie‘ gibt Erich Bohl einen detaillierten Einblick in die Bereiche der Mathematik, die für Biologen erforderlich und interessant sind. … Insgesamt verfügt das Buch über eine fachlich detaillierte Abhandlung wichtiger Themengebiete, die vor allem durch die Verwendung ausschließlich praktischer Beispiele sehr anschaulich und somit verständlich erklärt werden. Ebenfalls positiv sind zahlreiche Aufgaben inklusive Lösungen für das jeweilige Kapitel, die auch zur Übung beitragen …\" (in: Ersti-Heft Fachschaft Uni Potsdam, Wintersemester 07\/08, S. 31)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"… Wie im Buchtitel geht es um Mathematik in der Biologie und nicht außerhalb. Bohls Mathematik geht von Beobachtungen der belebten Natur aus und möchte den Bioforschern helfen, ihre Experimente auszuwerten. Das Buch ist … ein Lehrbuch im klassischen Sinne. Mit ihm, einem Taschenrechner, einem Stift und einem Blatt Papier bekommt man eine gute Einführung in die für Biologen wichtigen mathematischen Grundlagen.\" (Ralph Schill, in: Laborjournal, 2008, Issue 9, S. 84 f.)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWarum verwendet ein Biologe eigentlich Mathematik?.- Grundbestandteile mathematischer Modellierung.- Evolutionen: Skalare Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung.- Beschreibung von Vorgängen mit mehr als einer unabhängigen Variablen.- Rekonstruktion von Funktionen aus Zahlenpaaren: Lineare Datenanpassung.- Interaktionen zweier Populationen.- Lösungen der Übungsaufgaben.","brand":"Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH \u0026 Co. 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Many authors have reviewed its many functions in cell homoeostasis. Not only it is essential in primary metabolism, but it is also involved in cell defence response to a variety of stresses. 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Fingerprints left at crime scenes generally are latent prints -- unintentional reproductions of the arrangement of ridges on the skin made by the transfer of materials (such as amino acids, proteins, polypeptides, and salts) to a surface. Palms and the soles of feet also have friction ridge skin that can leave latent prints. The examination of a latent print consists of a series of steps involving a comparison of the latent print to a known (or exemplar) print. Courts have accepted latent print evidence for the past century. However, several high-profile cases in the United States and abroad have highlighted the fact that human errors can occur, and litigation and expressions of concern over the evidentiary reliability of latent print examinations and other forensic identification procedures has increased in the last decade. 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The chapters give an overview of computer systems and programming languages to establish a basic understanding of the important concepts in computer systems. Readers are introduced to machine learning and artificial intelligence in the field of bioinformatics, connecting these applications to systems biology, biological data analysis and predictions, and healthcare diagnosis and treatment. \u003c\/p\u003e  This book offers a necessary foundation for more advanced computer-based technologies used in biology, employing case studies, real-world issues, and various examples to guide the reader from the basic prerequisites to machine learning and its applications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Basics of Modern Computer Systems (Unix\/Linux Centric) \u003cp\u003ea.      Computer Hardware Basics\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eb.      Operating System\u003c\/p\u003e  c.      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Calculus Basics\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ed.      Probability\u003c\/p\u003e  e.      Use cases of above three in ML\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e4. Introduction to the World of Bioinformatics\u003c\/p\u003e  a. Laying the Foundation\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e   \u003cbr\u003e   \u003cp\u003eb.      A Brief History\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ec.      Goals of Bioinformatics\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ed.      Genomes, Genes, Sequences\u003c\/p\u003e  e.      Protein and structures\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ef.       Databases\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eg.      Bioinformatics Tools\u003c\/p\u003e  5. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence \u0026amp; ML\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ea. Machine Learning\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ei.                    History of Machine Learning\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eii.                 Why Machine Learning?\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eiii.               Machine Learning Approaches\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eiv.               Machine Learning Applications\u003c\/p\u003e  b. Artificial Intelligence\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ei.                    What is AI?\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eii.                 Basic Principles\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eiii.               General applications of Artificial Intelligence\u003c\/p\u003e  6. Fundamentals of ML\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ea. Types of learning\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ei.                 Supervised\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eii.               Unsupervised\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eb. Popular Algorithms\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ec. Deep learning and related concepts\u003c\/p\u003e  d. Model Training and Testing\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ee. Summary\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e7. Applications in the field of Bioinformatics\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003ea.      In Systems Biology\u003c\/p\u003e  b.      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