{"title":"Chemistry Books","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"elements-of-chemistry-quarks-atoms-and-molecules-9781907155529","title":"Elements of Chemistry: Quarks, Atoms and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhat makes a quark? How many quarks make a proton? How many protons make an oxygen atom? How many oxygen atoms make a carbon dioxide molecule? How many carbon atoms make you? In this accessible little book, packed with helpful diagrams and  interesting information, science writer Matt Tweed takes us on a whirlwind tour into the tiny realms, the stuff we are all made of, the building blocks of the material world, the elements of chemisty.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWooden Books are: \"Fascinating\" FINANCIAL TIMES. \"Beautiful\" LONDON REVIEW OF BOOKS. \"Rich and Artful\" THE LANCET. \"Genuinely mind-expanding\" FORTEAN TIMES. \"Excellent\" NEW SCIENTIST. \"Stunning\" NEW YORK TIMES. Small books, big ideas.","brand":"Wooden Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48724789428567,"sku":"9781907155529","price":8.18,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781907155529.jpg?v=1719854359"},{"product_id":"3000-solved-problems-in-organic-chemistry-9780070564244","title":"3000 Solved Problems in Organic Chemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLets you practice at your own pace and reminds you of the important problem-solving techniques you need to remember. This guide includes: 3000 solved problems with solutions; an index to help you quickly locate the types of problems you want to solve; problems like those you'll find on your exams; and, techniques for choosing the correct approach.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStructure and properties; bonding and molecular structure; chemical reactivity and organic reactions; alkanes; cycloalkanes; stereochemistry; alkenes; alkyl halides; alkynes, dienes and orbital symmetry; aromaticity and benzene; aromatic substitution, arenes; spectroscopy and structure proof; alcohols and thiols; ethers, epoxides, glycols and thioethers; aldehydes and ketones; carboxylic acids; acid derivatives; carbanion-enolates and enols; amines; phenols and their derivatives; aromatic heterocyclic compounds; amino acids, peptides and proteins; carbohydrates.","brand":"McGraw-Hill Education - Europe","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732110160215,"sku":"9780070564244","price":35.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780070564244.jpg?v=1719995228"},{"product_id":"schaums-outline-of-biochemistry-third-edition-9780071472272","title":"Schaums Outline of Biochemistry Third Edition","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch4\u003eTough Test Questions? Missed Lectures? Not Enough Time?\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFortunately for you, there's Schaum's\u003c\/b\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMore than 40 million students have trusted Schaum's to help them succeed in the classroom and on exams. Schaum's is the key to faster learning and higher grades in every subject. Each Outline presents all the essential course information in an easy-to-follow, topic-by-topic format. You also get hundreds of examples, solved problems, and practice exercises to test your skills. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThis Schaum's Outline gives you\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e830 fully solved problems with complete solutions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClear, concise explanations of all course concepts \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCoverage of biochemical signaling, genetic engineering, the human genome project, and new recombinant DNA techniques and sequencing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eb\u0026gt;Fully compatible with your classroom text, Schaum's highlights all the important facts you need to know. Use Schaum's to shorten your study time-and get your best test scores!\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch4\u003eSchaum's Outlines--Proble\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1.\u003c\/b\u003e Cell Ultrastructure; \u003cb\u003eChapter 2.\u003c\/b\u003e The Milieux of Living Systems; \u003cb\u003eChapter 3.\u003c\/b\u003e Building Blocks of Life; \u003cb\u003eChapter 4.\u003c\/b\u003e Proteins; \u003cb\u003eChapter 5.\u003c\/b\u003e Regulation of Reaction Rates: Enzymes; \u003cb\u003eChapter 6.\u003c\/b\u003e Signal Transduction; \u003cb\u003eChapter 7.\u003c\/b\u003e The Flow of Genetic Information; \u003cb\u003eChapter 8.\u003c\/b\u003e DNA Replication and Repair; \u003cb\u003eChapter 9.\u003c\/b\u003e Transcription and Translation; \u003cb\u003eChapter 10.\u003c\/b\u003e Molecular Basis of Energy Balance; \u003cb\u003eChapter 11.\u003c\/b\u003e Fate of Dietary Carbohydrate; \u003cb\u003eChapter 12.\u003c\/b\u003e Fate of Dietary Lipids; \u003cb\u003eChapter 13.\u003c\/b\u003e Fuel Storage, Distribution, and Usage; \u003cb\u003eChapter 14.\u003c\/b\u003e Processing of Nitrogen Compounds; \u003cb\u003eIndex\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/h4\u003e","brand":"McGraw-Hill Education - Europe","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732113862999,"sku":"9780071472272","price":26.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780071472272.jpg?v=1719995825"},{"product_id":"3000-solved-problems-in-chemistry-9780071755009","title":"3000 Solved Problems In Chemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe ideal review for your chemistry course\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMore than 40 million students have trusted Schaumâs Outlines for their expert knowledge and helpful solved problems. Written by renowned experts in their respective fields, Schaumâs Outlines cover everything from math to science, nursing to language. The main feature for all these books is the solved problems. Step-by-step, authors walk readers through coming up with solutions to exercises in their topic of choice. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3,000 solved problems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProblems from every area of chemistry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClear diagrams and illustrations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppropriate for all high school and undergraduate chemistry courses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStep-by-step solutions to problems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThousands of practice problems with a wealth of problems on each topic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Measurement 2. Structure of Matter 3. Periodic Table 4. Chemical Formulas 5. Modern Structure of the Atom 6. Electronic Structure of the Atom 7. Bonding 8. Bonding Theory 9. Organic Molecules 10. Chemical Equations 11. Stoichiometry 12. Gases 13. Advanced Gas Concepts 14. Solids and Liquids 15. Oxidation and Reduction 16. Other Concentration Units 17. Properties of Solutions 18. Thermodynamics 19. Chemical Kinetics 20. Equilibrium 21. Acids and Bases 22. Heterogeneous and Other Equilibria 23. Electrochemistry 24. Nuclear and Radiochemistry 25. Nonmetals 26. Metals and Metallurgy 27. Coordination Compounds","brand":"McGraw-Hill Education - Europe","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732176122199,"sku":"9780071755009","price":35.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780071755009.jpg?v=1719995845"},{"product_id":"schaums-outline-of-college-chemistry-9780071810821","title":"Schaums Outline of College Chemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch4\u003eTough Test Questions? Missed Lectures? Not Enough Time?\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFortunately, there's Schaum's.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMore than 40 million students have trusted Schaum'sto help them succeed in the classroom and on exams.Schaum's is the key to faster learning and highergrades in every subject. Each Outline presents all theessential course information in an easy-to-follow,topic-by-topic format. You also get hundreds ofexamples, solved problems, and practice exercises totest your skills.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThis Schaum's Outline gives you\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1,340 fully solved problems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClear, concise explanations of all college chemistry concepts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupport for all the major textbooks for collegechemistry courses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eFully compatible with your classroom text, Schaum's highlights all the important facts you need to know. Use Schaum's to shorten your study time--and get your best test scores!\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Quantities and Units; 2. Atomic and Molecular Mass; Molar Mass; 3. Formulas and Composition Calculations; 4. Calculations from Chemical Equations; 5. Measurement of Gases; 6. The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory; 7. Thermochemistry; 8. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Law; 9. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure; 10. Solids and Liquids; 11. Oxidation-Reduction; 12. Concentration of Solutions; 13. Reactions Involving Standard Solutions; 14. Properties of Solutions; 15. Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; 16. Thermodynamics and Chemical Equilibrium; 17. Acids and Bases; 18. Complex Ions; Precipitates; 19. Electrochemistry; 20. Rates of Reactions; 21. Nuclear Processes","brand":"McGraw-Hill Education - Europe","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732179530071,"sku":"9780071810821","price":16.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780071810821.jpg?v=1719995858"},{"product_id":"instructors-solutions-manual-for-exercises-for-chemistry-9780134552248","title":"Instructors Solutions Manual for Exercises for","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout our authors\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTHEODORE L. BROWN\u003c\/strong\u003e received his Ph.D. from Michigan State University in 1956. Since then, he has been a member of the faculty of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, where he is now Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus. He served as Vice Chancellor for Research, and Dean of The Graduate College, from 1980 to 1986, and as Founding Director of the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology from 1987 to 1993. Professor Brown has been an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow and has been awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. In 1972 he was awarded the American Chemical Society Award for Research in Inorganic Chemistry and received the American Chemical Society Award for Distinguished Service in the Advancement of Inorganic Chemistry in 1993. He has been elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Chemical \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.     Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.     Atoms, Molecules, and Ions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.     Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.     Reactions in Aqueous Solution \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.     Thermochemistry  \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.     Electronic Structure of Atoms      \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.     Periodic Properties of the Elements \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.     Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding         \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.     Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories  \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.   Gases\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.   Liquids and Intermolecular Forces              \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.   Solids and Modern Materials  \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.   Properties of Solutions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.   Chemical Kinetics  \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.   Chemical Equilibrium\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.   Acid—Base Equilibria         \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.   Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria  \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.   Chemistry of the Environment      \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.   Chemical Thermodynamics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.   Electrochemistry              \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.   Nuclear Chemistry \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.   Chemistry of the Nonmetals\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.   Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.   The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendices\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMathematical Operations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of Water\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermodynamic Quantities for Selected Substances at 298.15 K (25\u003csup\u003e    ο   \u003c\/sup\u003eC)             \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqueous Equilibrium Constants      \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard Reduction Potentials at 25\u003csup\u003e    ο   \u003c\/sup\u003eC\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Selected Exercises\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Give It Some Thought\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Go Figure\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswer to Selected Practice Exercises\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhoto and Art Credits\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pearson Education (US)","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732338946391,"sku":"9780134552248","price":21.84,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780134552248.jpg?v=1719996474"},{"product_id":"study-guide-for-chemistry-9780134554075","title":"Study Guide for Chemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout our authors\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTHEODORE L. BROWN\u003c\/strong\u003e received his Ph.D. from Michigan State University in 1956. Since then, he has been a member of the faculty of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, where he is now Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus. He served as Vice Chancellor for Research, and Dean of The Graduate College, from 1980 to 1986, and as Founding Director of the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology from 1987 to 1993. Professor Brown has been an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow and has been awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. In 1972 he was awarded the American Chemical Society Award for Research in Inorganic Chemistry and received the American Chemical Society Award for Distinguished Service in the Advancement of Inorganic Chemistry in 1993. He has been elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Chemical \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Thermochemistry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Electronic Structure of Atoms\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7. Periodic Properties of the Elements\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8. Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9. Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10. Gases\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12. Solids and Modern Materials\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13. Properties of Solutions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14. Chemical Kinetics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15. Chemical Equilibrium\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16. Acid—Base Equilibria\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17. Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18. Chemistry of the Environment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19. Chemical Thermodynamics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20. Electrochemistry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21. Nuclear Chemistry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22. Chemistry of the Nonmetals\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23. Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24. The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppendices\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMathematical Operations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of Water\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermodynamic Quantities for Selected Substances at 298.15 K (25\u003csup\u003eο \u003c\/sup\u003eC)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqueous Equilibrium Constants\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard Reduction Potentials at 25\u003csup\u003eο \u003c\/sup\u003eC\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Selected Exercises\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Give It Some Thought\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Go Figure\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswer to Selected Practice Exercises\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhoto and Art Credits\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pearson Education (US)","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732339634519,"sku":"9780134554075","price":93.81,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780134554075.jpg?v=1719996477"},{"product_id":"basic-chemistry-9780134878119","title":"Basic Chemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eAbout our authors\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKaren Timberlake\u003c\/strong\u003e is Professor Emerita of Chemistry at Los Angeles Valley College, where she taught chemistry for allied health and preparatory chemistry for 36 years. She received her bachelor's degree in chemistry from the University of Washington and her master's degree in biochemistry from the University of California at Los Angeles.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProfessor Timberlake has been writing chemistry textbooks for more than 40 years. During that time, her name has become associated with the strategic use of pedagogical tools that promote student success in chemistry and the application of chemistry to real-life situations. More than one million students have learned chemistry using texts, laboratory manuals, and study guides written by Karen Timberlake. In addition to Basic Chemistry, sixth edition, she is also the author of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, sixth edition, with the accompanying Study Guide, and Chemistr\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTable of Contents \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChemistry in Our Lives  \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.1 Chemistry and Chemicals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.2 Scientific Method: Thinking Like a Scientist\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.3 Studying and Learning Chemistry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.4 Key Math Skills for Chemistry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.5 Writing Numbers in Scientific Notation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChemistry and Measurements  \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.1 Units of Measurement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2 Measured Numbers and Significant Figures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3 Significant Figures in Calculations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.4 Prefixes and Equalities\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.5 Writing Conversion Factors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.6 Problem Solving Using Unit Conversion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.7 Density\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMatter and Energy  \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.1 Classification of Matter\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.2 States and Properties of Matter\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.3 Temperature\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.4 Energy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.5 Specific Heat\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.6 Energy and Nutrition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtoms and Elements  \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.1 Elements and Symbols\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.2 The Periodic Table\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.3 The Atom\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.4 Atomic Number and Mass Number\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.5 Isotopes and Atomic Mass\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectronic Structure of Atoms and Periodic Trends  \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5.1 Electromagnetic Radiation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5.2 Atomic Spectra and Energy Levels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5.3 Sublevels and Orbitals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5.4 Orbital Diagrams and Electron Configurations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5.5 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5.6 Trends in Periodic Properties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIonic and Molecular Compounds  \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.1 Ions: Transfer of Electrons\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.2 Ionic Compounds\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.3 Naming and Writing Ionic Formulas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.4 Polyatomic Ions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.5 Molecular Compounds: Sharing Electrons\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChemical Quantities  \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.1 The Mole\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.2 Molar Mass\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.3 Calculations Using Molar Mass\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.4 Mass Percent Composition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.5 Empirical Formulas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.6 Molecular Formulas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChemical Reactions  \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.1 Equations for Chemical Reactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.2 Balancing a Chemical Equation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.3 Types of Chemical Reactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.4 Oxidation—Reduction Reactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChemical Quantities in Reactions  \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e9.1 Conservation of Mass\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e9.2 Mole Relationships in 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Gases\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e11.2 Pressure and Volume (Boyle’s Law)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e11.3 Temperature and Volume (Charles’s Law)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e11.4 Temperature and Pressure (Gay-Lussac’s Law)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e11.5 The Combined Gas Law\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e11.6 Volume and Moles (Avogadro’s Law)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e11.7 The Ideal Gas Law\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e11.8 Gas Laws and Chemical Reactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e11.9 Partial Pressures (Dalton’s Law)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolutions  \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e12.1 Solutions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e12.2 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e12.3 Solubility\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e12.4 Solution Concentrations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e12.5 Dilution of Solutions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e12.6 Chemical Reactions in 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Dissociation of Water\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e14.6 The pH Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e14.7 Reactions of Acids and Bases\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e14.8 Acid—Base Titration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e14.9 Buffers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOxidation and Reduction  \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e15.1 Oxidation and Reduction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e15.2 Balancing Oxidation—Reduction Equations Using Half-Reactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e15.3 Electrical Energy from Oxidation—Reduction Reactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e15.4 Oxidation—Reduction Reactions That Require Electrical Energy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNuclear Chemistry  \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e16.1 Natural Radioactivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e16.2 Nuclear Reactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e16.3 Radiation Measurement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e16.4 Half-Life of a 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It is educational, interesting, may prove inspirational and..deserves to find a very wide readership * THES *\u003cbr\u003ehighly readable and entertaining * New Scientist *","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732602433879,"sku":"9780192862068","price":15.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780192862068.jpg?v=1719997602"},{"product_id":"a-level-salters-advanced-chemistry-for-ocr-b-year-1-and-as-9780198332893","title":"A Level Salters Advanced Chemistry for OCR B Year","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlease note this title is suitable for any student studying: Exam Board: OCR Level: AS\/A Level Subject: ChemistryFirst teaching: September 2015First exams: June 2017Written by the University of York project team for Salters Advanced Chemistry, this Student Book supports and extends students through the new linear course while delivering the breadth, depth, and skills needed to succeed in the new A Levels and beyond. It develops true subject knowledge while also developing essential exam skills. 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Exactly matched to the specification, the Revision Guide provides comprehensive, specification-linked content, so you can be sure you are covering everything you need to know for the exams. It is packed with engaging revision and practice material to keep you focused and contains a wealth of exam-style questions to test your knowledge and skills to help you fully prepare for the exams.","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732689989975,"sku":"9780198332923","price":19.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198332923.jpg?v=1719997974"},{"product_id":"a-level-salters-advanced-chemistry-for-ocr-b-9780198332909","title":"A Level Salters Advanced Chemistry for OCR B","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlease note this title is suitable for any student studying:Exam Board: OCR Level: A Level Subject: ChemistryFirst teaching: September 2015First exams: June 2017Written by the University of York project team for Salters Advanced Chemistry, this Student Book supports and extends students through the new linear course while delivering the breadth, depth, and skills needed to succeed in the new A Level and beyond. 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The fourth edition combines the Chemical Storyline and Chemical Ideas into a single, integrated volume for the first time, providing ideal support for the new specification.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDevelopment of practical skills in chemistry Chapter 1 Elements of life Chapter 2 Developing fuels Chapter 3 Elements from the sea Chapter 4 The ozone story Chapter 5 What's in a medicine Chapter 6 The chemical industry Chapter 7 Polymers and life Chapter 8 The oceans Chapter 9 Developing metals Chapter 10 Colour by design Scientific literacy in chemistry Techniques and procedures","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732690022743,"sku":"9780198332909","price":60.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"aqa-chemistry-a-level-year-1-and-as-9780198351818","title":"AQA Chemistry A Level Year 1 and AS","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFully revised and updated for the linear qualification, written and checked by curriculum and specification experts, this Student Book supports and extends students through the course while delivering the breadth, depth, and skills needed to succeed at A Level and beyond.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhysical chemistry 1 1 Atomic structure 1.1: Fundamental particles 1.2: Mass number, atomic number, and isotopes 1.3: The arrangement of the electrons 1.4: The mass spectrometer 1.5: More about electron arrangements in atoms 1.6: Electron arrangements and ionisation energy 2 Amount of substance 2.1: Relative atomic and molecular masses, the Avogadro constant, and the mole 2.2: Mole in solution 2.3: The ideal gas equations 2.4: Empirical and molecular formulae 2.5: Balanced equations and related calculations 2.6: Balanced equations, atom economies, and percentage yields 3 Bonding 3.1: The nature of ionic bonding 3.2: Covalent bonding 3.3: Metallic bonding 3.4: Electronegativity - bond polarity in covalent bonds 3.5: Forces acting between molecules 3.6: The shapes of molecules and ions 3.7: Bonding and physical properties 4 Energetics 4.1: Exothermic and endothermic reactions 4.2: Enthalpy 4.3: Measuring enthalpy changes 4.4: Hess's law 4.5: Enthalpy changes of combustion 4.6: Representing thermochemical cycles 4.7: Bond enthalpies 5 Kinetics 5.1: Collision theory 5.2: The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution 5.3: Catalysts 6 Equilibria 6.1: The idea of equilibrium 6.2: Changing the conditions of an equilibrium reaction 6.3: Equilibrium reactions in industry 6.4: The Equilibrium constant, K 6.5: Calculations using equilibrium constant expressions 6.6: The effect of changing conditions on equilibria 7 Oxidation, reduction, and redox reactions 7.1: Oxidation and reduction 7.2: Oxidation states 7.3: Redox equations Inorganic chemistry 1 8 Periodicity 8.1: The Periodic Table 8.2: Trends in the properties of elements Period 3 8.3: More trends in the properties of the elements of Period 3 8.4: A closer look at ionisation energies 9 Group 2, the Alkaline Earth Metals 9.1: The physical and chemical properties of Group 2 10 Group 7[17], the Halogens 10.1: The Halogens 10.2: The chemical reactions of the Halogens 10.3: Reactions of halide ions 10.4: Uses of chlorine Organic chemistry 1 11 Introduction to organic chemistry 11.1: Carbon compounds 11.2: Nomenclature - naming organic compounds 11.3: Isomerism 12 Alkanes 12.1: Alkanes 12.2: Fractional distillation of crude oil 12.3: Industrial cracking 12.4: Combustion of alkanes 12.5: The formation of halogenoalkanes 13 Halogenoalkanes 13.1: Halogenoalkanes - introduction 13.2: Nucleophilic substitution in halogenoalkanes 13.3: Elimination reaction in halogenoalkanes 14 Alkenes 14.1: Alkenes 14.2: Reactions of alkenes 14.3: Addition polymers 15 Alcohols 15.1: Alcohols - introduction 15.2: Ethanol production 15.3: The reactions of alcohols 16 Organic analysis 16.1: Test-tube reactions 16.2: Mass spectrometry 16.3: Infrared spectroscopy Practical skills Mathematical skills","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732693168471,"sku":"9780198351818","price":40.83,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198351818.jpg?v=1719997989"},{"product_id":"aqa-chemistry-a-level-9780198351825","title":"AQA Chemistry A Level","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlease note this title is suitable for any student studying: Exam Board: AQA Level: A Level Subject: Chemistry First teaching: September 2015; first exams: June 2017Written and checked by curriculum and specification experts, this Student Book supports and extends students through their course whilst delivering the maths, practical and synoptic skills needed to succeed at A Level and beyond. The book uses clear straightforward explanations to develop real subject knowledge and allow students to link ideas together, while developing essential exam skills.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Perfect\" * Amazon review, Oct 2015 *\u003cbr\u003e\"It is a very useful book with clear explanations and good examples. I am not a fan of chemistry, but this book made it a lot easier to understand each topic\". * Amazon review, Nov 2015 *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSection 1 Physical Chemistry 1 1: Atomic structure 2: Amount of substance 3: Bonding 4: Energetics 5: Kinetics 6: Equilibria 7: Oxidation, reduction, and redox reactions Section 2 Inorganic chemistry 8: Periodicity 9: Group 2, the Alkaline Earth Metals 10: Group 7, the Halogens Section 3 Organic Chemistry 11: Introduction to organic chemistry 12: Alkanes 13: Halogenoalkanes 14: Alkenes 15: Alcohols 16: Organic analysis Section 1 Physical Chemistry 2 17: Thermodynamics 18: Kinetics 19: Equilibrium contact Kp 20: Electrode potentials and electrochemical cells 21: Acids, bases, and buffers Section 2 Inorganic chemistry 2 22: Periodicity 23: The transition metals 24: Reactions of inorganic compounds in aqueous solutions Section 3 Organic chemistry 25: Nomenclature and isomerism 26: Compounds, containing the carbonyl group 27: Aromatic chemistry 28: Amines 29: Polymerisation 30: Amino acids, proteins, and DNA 31: Organic synthesis and analysis 32: Structure determination 33: Chromatography Additional practice questions Section 4 Practical skills Section 5 Mathematical skills","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732693201239,"sku":"9780198351825","price":52.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"aqa-a-level-chemistry-revision-guide-9780198351849","title":"AQA A Level Chemistry Revision Guide","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlease note this title is suitable for any student studying:Exam Board: AQALevel: A Level Subject: Chemistry First teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2017Exactly matched to the specification, this Revision Guide provides comprehensive, specification-linked content, so you can be sure you are covering everything you need to know for the exams. It is packed with engaging revision and practice material to keep you focused and contains a wealth of exam-style questions to test your knowledge and skills to help you fully prepare for the exams.","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732693430615,"sku":"9780198351849","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198351849.jpg?v=1719997992"},{"product_id":"a-level-chemistry-for-ocr-a-student-book-ocr-a-level-sciences-9780198351979","title":"A Level Chemistry for OCR A Student Book OCR A","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlease note this title is suitable for any student studying: Exam Board: OCR Level: A Level Subject: Chemistry A First teaching: September 2015; first exams: June 2017 . Written by curriculum and specification experts, this Student Book supports students through the linear OCR A Level Chemistry course. Building on the experiences at GCSE, this book continues the exploration of key chemistry topics in depth. Support is given to help make links across topics, while application tasks look at a concept from a new context. There are also plenty of practice opportunities through guided activities that make sure maths and practical skills are covered.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eModule 1 Development of practical skills in chemistry Module 2 Foundations in chemistry Ch2: Atoms, ions, and compounds Ch3: Amount of substance Ch4: Acids and redox Ch5: Electrons and bonding Ch6: Shapes of molecules and intermolecular forces Module 3 Periodic table and energy Ch7: Periodicity Ch8: Reactivity trends Ch9: Enthalpy Ch10: Reaction rates and equilibrium Module 4 Core organic chemistry Ch11: Basic concepts of organic chemistry Ch12: Alkanes Ch13: Alkenes Ch14: Alcohols Ch15: Haloalkanes Ch16: Organic synthesis Ch17: Spectroscopy Module 5 Physical chemistry and transition elements Ch18: Rates of reactions Ch19: Equilibrium Ch20: Acids, bases, and pH Ch21: Buffers and neutralisation Ch22: Enthalpy and entropy Ch23: Redox and electrode potentials Ch24: Transition elements Module 6 Organic chemistry and analysis Ch25: Aromatic chemistry Ch26: Carbonyls and carboxylic acids Ch27: Amines, amino acids, and polymers Ch28: Organic synthesis Ch29: Chromatography and spectroscopy Unifying concepts","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732693463383,"sku":"9780198351979","price":52.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198351979.jpg?v=1719997990"},{"product_id":"a-level-chemistry-for-ocr-a-revision-guide-9780198351993","title":"A Level Chemistry for OCR A Revision Guide","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlease note this title is suitable for any student studying:Exam Board: OCR Level: A Level Subject: Chemistry AFirst teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2017Exactly matched to the OCR A Level Chemistry A specification, this Revision Guide provides comprehensive, specification-linked content, so you can be sure you are covering everything you need to know for the exams. It is packed with engaging revision and practice material to keep you focused and contains a wealth of exam-style questions to test your knowledge and skills to help you fully prepare for the exams.","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732693594455,"sku":"9780198351993","price":19.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198351993.jpg?v=1719997992"},{"product_id":"a-level-chemistry-for-ocr-a-year-1-and-as-9780198351962","title":"A Level Chemistry for OCR A Year 1 and AS","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlease note this title is suitable for any student studying:Exam Board: OCR Level: A Level Year 1 and AS Subject: Chemistry First teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2016Written by curriculum and specification experts, this Student Book supports and extends students throughout their course whilst delivering the breadth, depth, and skills needed to succeed at A Level and beyond.","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732693659991,"sku":"9780198351962","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"a-level-chemistry-for-ocr-a-year-2-9780198357650","title":"A Level Chemistry for OCR A Year 2","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlease note this title is suitable for any student studying:Exam Board: OCR Level: A Level Year 2Subject: Chemistry First teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2017Written by curriculum and specification experts in partnership with OCR, this Student Book supports and extends students through the new course while delivering the breadth, depth, and skills needed to succeed in the new A Level and beyond. It develops true subject knowledge while also developing essential exam skills. Covers the second year worth of content required for the new OCR Chemistry A A Level specification.","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732696740183,"sku":"9780198357650","price":40.83,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198357650.jpg?v=1719998006"},{"product_id":"aqa-chemistry-a-level-year-2-9780198357711","title":"AQA Chemistry A Level Year 2","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlease note this title is suitable for any student studying:Exam Board: AQA Level: A Level Year 2Subject: Chemistry First teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2017Written and checked by curriculum and specification experts, this Student Book supports and extends students through the course while delivering the breadth, depth, and skills needed to succeed at A Level and beyond. Covers all the content required for the second year of AQA A Level Chemistry studies.","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732696871255,"sku":"9780198357711","price":40.83,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"a-level-chemistry-for-ocr-a-year-2-revision-guide-with-all-you-need-to-know-for-your-2022-assessments-ocr-a-level-sciences-9780198357773","title":"A Level Chemistry for OCR A Year 2 Revision Guide","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlease note this title is suitable for any student studying:Exam Board: OCR Level: A Level Subject: Chemistry A Year 2First teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2017Exactly matched to the specification OCR A Level Chemistry A specification, this Revision Guide provides comprehensive, specification-linked content, so you can be sure you are covering everything you need to know for the exams. It is packed with engaging revision and practice material to keep you focused and contains a wealth of exam-style questions to test your knowledge and skills to help you fully prepare for the exams.","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732697002327,"sku":"9780198357773","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198357773.jpg?v=1719998008"},{"product_id":"maths-skills-for-a-level-chemistry-9780198428978","title":"Maths Skills for A Level Chemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe maths needed to succeed in A Level Science is harder now than ever before. Suitable for all awarding bodies, this practical handbook addresses all of the maths skills needed for A Level Chemistry specifications. Worked examples, practice questions, ''remember points'' and ''stretch yourself'' questions give students the key knowledge and then the opportunity to practise and build confidence.","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732731277655,"sku":"9780198428978","price":15.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198428978.jpg?v=1719998167"},{"product_id":"maths-for-chemistry-9780198717324","title":"Maths for Chemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe perfect introduction to the essential mathematical concepts which all chemistry students need to master. Working from foundational principles, the book builds the student's confidence by leading them through the subject in a steady, progressive way from basic algebra to the mathematics of quantum chemistry. mathematics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA very useful text to gradually guide students through both the fundamental and more advanced aspects of mathematics specifically relevant for a chemistry undergraduate degree. It is particularly useful in allowing students to test their knowledge of mathematical concepts and processes via self-test exercise and additional problems that are directly relevant to chemistry. * Dr Jon Tandy, Senior Lecturer in Physical Chemistry, London Metropolitan University *\u003cbr\u003eThis is an outstanding and carefully thought-out introduction to the mathematical toolkit required for students embarking on a chemistry degree programme. * Dr Robert Johnson, Lecturer, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSection A: Core mathematics: algebra, logarithms and trigonometry 1: The display of numbers 2: Algebra I 3: Algebra II 4: Algebra III 5: Algebra IV 6: Algebra V 7: Algebra VI 8: Algebra VII 9: Powers I 10: Powers II 11: Trigonometry 12: Advanced BODMAS Section B: Calculus 13: Differentiation I 14: Differentiation II 15: Differentiation III 16: Differentiation IV 17: Differentiation V 18: Differentiation VI 19: Integration I 20: Integration II 21: Integration III 22: Integration IV Section C: Matrices, vectors and complex numbers 23: Matrices I 24: Matrices II 25: Complex numbers 26: Vectors Section D: Laboratory mathematics 27: Graphs I 28: Graphs II 29: Graphs III 30: Probability I 31: Probability II 32: Statistics I 33: Statistics II 34: Statistics III 35: Statistics IV 36: Dimensional analysis","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732769026391,"sku":"9780198717324","price":45.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198717324.jpg?v=1719998317"},{"product_id":"curious-tales-from-chemistry-9780198743927","title":"Curious Tales from Chemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a book about discovery and disaster, exploitation and invention, warfare and science - and the relationship between human beings and the chemical elements that make up our planet. Lars Ohrstrom introduces us to a variety of elements from S to Pb through tales of ordinary and extraordinary people from around the globe. We meet African dictators controlling vital supplies of uranium; eighteenth-century explorers searching out sources of precious metals; industrial spies stealing the secrets of steel-making. We find out why the Hindenburg airship was tragically filled with hydrogen, not helium; why nail-varnish remover played a key part in World War I; and the real story behind the legend of tin buttons and the downfall of Napoleon. In each chapter, we find out about the distinctive properties of each element and the concepts and principles that have enabled scientists to put it to practical use. These are the fascinating (and sometimes terrifying) stories of chemistry in action.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePREAMBLE: THE PERIODIC TABLE AND THE DA VINCI CODE; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; BIBLIOGRAPHY; NOTES","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732775448919,"sku":"9780198743927","price":12.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198743927.jpg?v=1719998346"},{"product_id":"making-the-transition-to-university-chemistry-9780198757153","title":"Making the transition to university chemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMaking the transition to university chemistry is the perfect companion as students take the significant step from school to university, setting them up to be confident and successful in their chemistry studies.Each topic opens with expanded bullet points that remind the reader of familiar ideas from their pre-university studies that they will be expected to understand at the start of their undergraduate course.Taking the next step sections expand on these familiar ideas by way of more detailed explanations, which allow the reader to make links to work that will be important at university.Finally, A Deeper Look sections explore more challenging concepts (either because the mathematical level is higher or the explanation is more complicated). Some of the concepts presented in these sections are among the most exciting in the subject: they give a flavour of the new insights the study of chemistry at university can offer. Its focus on those topics that may not have previously been studied \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn excellent text for bridging the gap between A level and university chemistry. If students could start their university courses having read this book the student experience would be many times better. * Dr Ben Ward, Cardiff University *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: Atomic structure 2: Bonding and molecular shape 3: Moles 4: States of matter 5: Thermochemistry 6: Chemical equilibrium 7: Acid-base equilibrium 8: Redox reactions 9: Spontaneous change, entropy, and Gibbs energy 10: Kinetics 11: Trends across the periodic table 12: Group 2 13: The halogens 14: Transition metals 1 15: Transition metals 2 16: Introduction to organic chemistry 17: Hydrocarbons: alkanes 18: Hydrocarbons: alkenes 19: Hydrocarbons: arenes 20: Halogenoalkanes 21: Alcohols 22: Aldehydes and ketones 23: Carboxylic acids and their derivatives 24: Amines and amino acids 25: Polymers 26: Instrumental analysis","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732778955095,"sku":"9780198757153","price":34.88,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198757153.jpg?v=1719998362"},{"product_id":"organic-chemistry-9780198759775","title":"Organic Chemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOrganic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds of carbon. The ability of carbon to link together to form long chain molecules and ring compounds as well as bonding with many other elements has led to a vast array of organic compounds. These compounds are central to life, forming the basis for organic molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. In this Very Short Introduction Graham Patrick covers the whole range of organic compounds and their roles. Beginning with the structures and properties of the basic groups of organic compounds, he goes on to consider organic compounds in the areas of pharmaceuticals, polymers, food and drink, petrochemicals, and nanotechnology. He looks at how new materials, in particular the single layer form of carbon called graphene, are opening up exciting new possibilities for applications, and discusses the particular challenges of working with carbon compounds, many of which are colourless. Patrick also discusses techniques used in the field.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eREFERENCES; FURTHER READING; INDEX","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732779413847,"sku":"9780198759775","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198759775.jpg?v=1719998365"},{"product_id":"chemistry-for-the-biosciences-9780198791041","title":"Chemistry for the Biosciences","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChemistry enables our eyes to detect the world around us; it determines whether something tastes sweet or sour; it helps genetic information pass accurately from one generation to the next. Ultimately, chemistry powers life itself. We don''t need to dig very deep to answer the question: why do biologists need chemistry? Building on the success of the first three editions, Chemistry for the Biosciences introduces students to all the chemistry they need to understand the biological world. Renowned for its clear and straightforward explanations, the book uses everyday examples and analogies throughout to help students get to grips with chemical concepts, and presents them in context of biological systems wherever possible so they can see how chemistry relates to their wider studies. With topics drawn from organic, physical, and inorganic chemistry, students will encounter a broad range of essential concepts. Chemistry for the Biosciences includes many learning features - both in print and\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: Introduction: why biologists need chemistry 2: Atoms: the foundations of life 3: Compounds and chemical bonding: bringing atoms together 4: Molecular interactions: holding it all together 5: Moles, concentrations, and dilutions: making sense of chemical numbers 6: Hydrocarbons: the framework of life 7: Functional groups: adding function to the framework of life 8: Molecular shape and structure: life in three dimensions 9: Isomerism: generating chemical variety 10: Biological macromolecules: the infrastructure of life 11: Metals in biology: life beyond carbon 12: Chemical reactions, oxidation, and reduction: bringing molecules to life 13: Reaction mechanisms: the chemical changes that drive the chemistry of life 14: Energy: what makes reactions go? 15: Equilibria: how far do reactions go? 16: Kinetics: what affects the speed of a reaction? 17: Acids, bases, and buffer solutions: life in an aqueous environment 18: Chemical analysis: characterizing chemical compounds","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732784886103,"sku":"9780198791041","price":48.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198791041.jpg?v=1719998387"},{"product_id":"periodicity-and-the-s-and-p-block-elements-oxford-chemistry-primers-9780198835349","title":"Periodicity and the s and p block elements Oxford","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe renowned Oxford Chemistry Primers series, which provides focused introductions to a range of important topics in chemistry, has been refreshed and updated to suit the needs of today''s students, lecturers, and postgraduate researchers. The rigorous, yet accessible, treatment of each subject area is ideal for those wanting a primer in a given topic to prepare them for more advanced study or research. Moreover, cutting-edge examples and applications throughout the texts show the relevance of the chemistry being described to current research and industry.The learning features provided, including end-of-chapter questions and online multiple-choice questions, encourage active learning and promote understanding. Furthermore, frequent diagrams, margin notes, further reading, and glossary definitions all help to enhance a student''s understanding of these essential areas of chemistry.This new and updated edition of Periodicity and the s- and p-Block Elements provides a compelling and acces\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book has considerable potential to become the first port of call for any student wanting an introduction to the periodic table and its myriad trends. * Professor Richard Layfield, University of Sussex *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table 2: Periodicity in the Atomic Properties of the Elements 3: Periodicity in the Properties of the Elements 4: General Features of p-Block Element Compounds 5: Compounds of the p-Block Elements 6: Acids and Bases 7: Structure 8: Theories and Models: Scope and Limitations","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732804251991,"sku":"9780198835349","price":31.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198835349.jpg?v=1719998470"},{"product_id":"chemistry-in-quantitative-language-fundamentals-of-general-chemistry-calculations-oxford-9780198867784","title":"Chemistry in Quantitative Language Fundamentals","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChemistry in Quantitative Language, second edition is an invaluable guide to solving chemical equations and calculations. It provides readers with intuitive and systematic strategies to carry out the many kinds of calculations they will meet in general chemistry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReview from previous edition This book provides students with innovative, intuitive and systematic strategies to master problem-solving in chemistry... A valuable guide to solving chemcial equations, and calculations based on chemical equations. * Paul Yates, Chemistry World *\u003cbr\u003eA good supplement for any general chemistry course. It differs from the normal book in that the descriptive commentary is kept to a minimum, while the numerical problem-solving pieces are kept simple and methodical. Recommended. * Choice *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1: Atomic Structure and Isotopes 2: Formula and Molecular Mass 3: Measuring Chemical Quantities: The Mole 4: Formulas of Compounds and Percent Composition 5: Chemical Formula and Nomenclature 6: Chemical Equations 7: Stoichiometry 8: Structure of the Atom 9: Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts 10: Chemical Bonding II: Modern Theories of Chemical Bonding 11: Gas Laws 12: Liquids and Solids 13: Solution Chemistry 14: Volumetric Analysis 15: Ideal Solutions and Colligative Properties 16: Chemical Kinetics 17: Chemical Equilibrium 18: Ionic Equilibria and pH 19: Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibria 20: Thermochemistry 21: Chemical Thermodynamics 22: Oxidation and Reduction Reactions 23: Fundamentals of Electrochemistry 24: Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732822372695,"sku":"9780198867784","price":45.12,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198867784.jpg?v=1719998547"},{"product_id":"reactions-9780199668809","title":"Reactions","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePeter Atkins captures the heart of chemistry in this book, through an innovative, closely integrated design of images and text, and his characteristically clear, precise, and economical exposition. Explaining the processes involved in chemical reactions, he begins by introducing a ''tool kit'' of basic reactions, such as precipitation, corrosion, and catalysis, and concludes by showing how these building blocks are brought together in more complex processes such as photosynthesis, to provide a concise and intellectually rewarding introduction to the private life of atoms.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ethe perfect antidote to science phobia. * Booklist *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePREFACE; A PRELIMINARY COMMENT: WATER; THE BASIC TOOLS; ASSEMBLING THE WORKSHOP; BUILDING FOR DESIGN; A RETROSPECTIVE: BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER; GLOSSARY; INDEX","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732879683927,"sku":"9780199668809","price":13.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199668809.jpg?v=1719998788"},{"product_id":"minerals-9780199682843","title":"Minerals","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMinerals existed long before any forms of life, playing a key role in the origin and evolution of life; an interaction with biological systems that we are only now beginning to understand. Exploring the traditional strand of mineralogy, which emphasises the important mineral families, the well-established analytical methods (optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction) and the dramatic developments made in techniques over recent decades, David Vaughan also introduces the modern strand of mineralogy, which explores the role minerals play in the plate tectonic cycle and how they interact with the living world. Demonstrating how minerals can be critical for human health and illness by providing essential nutrients and releasing poisons, Vaughan explores the multitude of ways in which minerals have aided our understanding of the world.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ean excellent choice for those curious to dig deeper into the mineral world. * Geoscientist *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The mineral world ; 2. Studying minerals ; 3. Minerals and the interior of the Earth ; 4. Earth's surface and the cycling of minerals ; 5. Minerals and the living world ; 6. Minerals as resources ; 7. Minerals past, present, and future ; Further reading ; Index","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732882960727,"sku":"9780199682843","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199682843.jpg?v=1719998806"},{"product_id":"the-chicago-guide-to-writing-about-numbers-2e-9780226185774","title":"The Chicago Guide to Writing about Numbers 2e","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEarning praise from scientists, journalists, faculty, and students, this book helps writers to communicate data clearly. It draws on a decade of additional experience and research, expanding author's advice on reaching everyday audiences and further integrating non-print formats.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Clearly written, with a checklist at the end of each chapter, invaluable for students. It should be required reading for journalists and politicians.\" (Economist) \"Miller presents a holistic and accessible approach to understanding the issues in communicating [numeric] information by focusing on the entire writing process. Besides providing foundation principles for writing about numbers and exploring tools for displaying figures, the book combines statistical literacy with good writing.... Highly recommended.\" (Choice)","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732902752599,"sku":"9780226185774","price":24.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226185774.jpg?v=1719998884"},{"product_id":"the-experimental-fire-9780226826547","title":"The Experimental Fire","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA 400-year history of the development of alchemy in England that brings to light the evolution of the practice.    In medieval and early modern Europe, the practice of alchemy promised extraordinary physical transformations. Who would not be amazed to see base metals turned into silver and gold, hard iron into soft water, and deadly poison into elixirs that could heal the human body? To defend such claims, alchemists turned to the past, scouring ancient books for evidence of a lost alchemical heritage and seeking to translate their secret language and obscure imagery into replicable, practical effects.    Tracing the development of alchemy in England over four hundred years, from the beginning of the fourteenth century to the end of the seventeenth, Jennifer M. Rampling illuminates the role of alchemical reading and experimental practice in the broader context of national and scientific history. Using new manuscript sources, she shows how practitioners like George Ripley, John Dee, and\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"\u003ci\u003eThe Experimental Fire\u003c\/i\u003e reads like an insider's history of English alchemy, exposing its inner workings and demystifying its encrypted canon with adeptness and hard-earned authority. Jennifer M. Rampling meets the frustrating material of alchemical history with all the scholarly agility and suspicion requisite to the task. This book steers straight into the hazards of alchemical literature, with its bricolage texts full of borrowed works uncited or cited badly, recorded in manuscripts annotated by many anonymous hands. Rampling is the first to handle these hazardous materials so comprehensively and confidently. She reports on her many archival discoveries and assembles them into a coherent narrative of influence and innovation in English alchemy over four centuries. Her forerunner in this strange country was Dorothea Waley Singer, whose preliminary census of alchemical manuscripts in British libraries laid the groundwork for English alchemical history and has awaited a proper follow-up since 1931. With \u003ci\u003eExperimental Fire\u003c\/i\u003e, Rampling delivers one.\" * Los Angeles Review of Books *\u003cbr\u003e\"This is a densely argued academic work which builds its case for a particular view of English alchemy example by example, with a crop of detailed footnotes sprouting from the base of every page. . . . [As] an introduction to the evolution of English alchemy, it is impeccable.\" * Fortean Times *\u003cbr\u003e\"An engaging piece of scholarly work that should satisfy the expert and the layman alike. It makes a subject like alchemy, that appears highly abstruse, palatable to readers who may balk at the complexity and remoteness of alchemical language. More than anything, perhaps, it humanises the alchemist, showing him or her to be a historical personage caught up in the circumstances of the era and seeking to survive the upheavals and challenges of historical reality. As such, Rampling's book is not just an essential read for the new historiography of alchemy, but it is bound to make an important contribution to the history of science, social history, history of scholarship, and the history of the book.\" * Early Science and Medicine *\u003cbr\u003e\"Jennifer M. Rampling’s first book takes on the incredible feat of identifying and tracing a specific strand of sericonian alchemical knowledge across a 400-year period. . . . In this book, Rampling expertly unpacks the function of English alchemical authority and patronage within a pan-European network of practitioners. She has pieced together a compelling narrative of national identity and alchemical change over time. . . . this will be a necessary addition to the bookshelves of any scholar of alchemy, patronage, the book, and English intellectual history.\" * Isis *\u003cbr\u003e\"Rich and vast. . . . \u003ci\u003eThe Experimental Fire \u003c\/i\u003echallenges us to grapple with a more expansive idea of history, one that includes the lineage, development, and comprehension of false knowledge. Just because something isn’t true doesn’t mean it’s not real, that it can’t be studied, argued over, or taught. Indeed, alchemy, Rampling argues, is nothing but the invention and reinvention of one type of knowledge. And what is literature, or history, or science, if not a variation of the same?\" * Chicago Review of Books *\u003cbr\u003e\"A new and fascinating angle on how alchemy began to transform science into a modern enterprise. . . . Beautifully and clearly written.\" * Forbidden Histories *\u003cbr\u003e“In \u003ci\u003eThe Experimental Fire: Inventing English Alchemy, 1300-1700\u003c\/i\u003e, Jennifer M. Rampling presents the largely uncharted history of English alchemy from its medieval roots until the end of the seventeenth century with an astounding eye for detail.” * Annals of Science *\u003cbr\u003e\"Rampling's extensive survey of English alchemy is a masterclass in history of science research and serves as a model for anyone who wishes to undertake such a project. Although it meets the highest standards of academic research, she writes with a light touch and an accomplished literary style making a complex and technical topic accessible to the not necessarily specialist reader. . . . Anybody with some basic knowledge of the history of alchemy, and an interest in developing that knowledge, could and should read her book. For those with a serious interest in the topic \u003ci\u003eThe Experimental Fire\u003c\/i\u003e is an obligatory read and must already be considered a standard work in the genre.\" * Renaissance Mathematicus *\u003cbr\u003e\"Rampling's book is a rich source for a reader interested in English alchemy in the late medieval and early modern period. Rampling deserves praise for bringing to light a large amount of as yet unpublished manuscripts, which are analysed in detail as well as placed in their historical, social, and religious contexts. The picture that emerges from this book is one of a complex network, in which practitioners, patrons, physicians, collectors, and forgers interacted and influenced each other and the art of alchemy.\" * Journal of Early Modern Studies *\u003cbr\u003e\"Captivating. . . . Whether your interest is in early modern European history, the history of science, or old occult practices, this is a book well worth giving consideration as your next reading selection.\" * Well-read Naturalist *\u003cbr\u003e\"As Rampling analyzes how the English alchemical practitioners filled gaps in information found in their books and resolved discrepancies between texts and experience, she identifies networks of readers and traces a subtle evolution in how works on alchemy were read. She notes parallels in these reading practices with developments in other forms of knowledge, such as Reformation-era theology. This book is well organized, offers readable and engaging prose, and has been carefully edited. The bibliography and index are comprehensive. . . . Highly recommended.\" * Choice *\u003cbr\u003e\"This book has so many novel elements that it is difficult to know where to begin. Rampling presents one amazing archival discovery after another like a magician pulling rabbits from a hat. Forging vivid and compelling narratives with her materials, while remaining keenly aware of the living history behind the documents, she has been able to sketch the outlines of what has previously been entirely unknown to the history of alchemy. This is a fully achieved piece of research that is destined to become the key work in the field.\" -- Stephen Clucas, Birkbeck, University of London\u003cbr\u003e\"Rampling offers a masterful survey of alchemy in England, from its status as the largest scientific genre circa 1400 through the patronage of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. Building on the legacy of George Ripley, English alchemists developed expert skills in textual interpretation and experimental practice—focused on both medicine and transmutation—in order to portray themselves as philosophers rather than artisans. Rampling writes with admirable lucidity about cryptic manuscripts, colorful figures, and complicated archival evidence.\" -- Ann M. Blair, Carl H. Pforzheimer University Professor, Harvard University\u003cbr\u003e\"This is an extraordinary and important piece of scholarship. Rampling carries the reader from the first origins of alchemy in Medieval England, through the Reformation, and down to the end of the seventeenth century—a remarkable temporal sweep. There has not previously been a study of the alchemical tradition that so thoroughly follows a coherently framed national context for so long a period. Rampling presents the material in a remarkably clear and concise fashion that does justice to its complexity yet still guides the reader.\" -- Lawrence M. Principe, author of The Transmutations of Chymistry: Wilhelm Homberg and the Académie Royale des Sciences\u003cbr\u003e\"In \u003ci\u003eThe Experimental Fire: Inventing English Alchemy, 1300–1700\u003c\/i\u003e, Jennifer Rampling traces this sericonian branch of alchemy through its highs and lows from the medieval to the early modern periods, emphasizing that alchemy was not a homogenous or static discipline but rather one that underwent a series of subtle yet important changes.\" * Journal of British Studies *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eList of Figures\u003cbr\u003e List of Abbreviations\u003cbr\u003e ConventionsAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e Introduction: What Is Mercury?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I: The Medieval Origins of English Alchemy\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 1. Philosophers and Kings\u003cbr\u003e 2. Medicine and Transmutation\u003cbr\u003e 3. Opinion and Experience\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II: The Golden Age of English Alchemy\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 4. Dissolution and Reformation\u003cbr\u003e 5. Nature and Magic\u003cbr\u003e 6. Time and Money\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III: The Legacy of Medieval Alchemy in Early Modern England\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 7. Recovery and Revision\u003cbr\u003e 8. Home and Abroad\u003cbr\u003e 9. Antiquity and Experiment\u003cbr\u003e   Bibliography\u003cbr\u003e Index","brand":"The University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732930802007,"sku":"9780226826547","price":21.85,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226826547.jpg?v=1719998997"},{"product_id":"student-solutions-manual-for-general-chemistry-9780321813329","title":"Student Solutions Manual for General Chemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducated at Harvard and Columbia,\u003cstrong\u003eJohn McMurry \u003c\/strong\u003ehas taught approximately 17,000 students in general and organic chemistry over a 30-year period. A Professor of Chemistry at Cornell University since 1980, Dr. McMurry previously spent 13 years on the faculty at the University of California at Santa Cruz. He has received numerous awards, including the Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship (196971), the National Institute of Health Career Development Award (197580), the Alexander von Humboldt Senior Scientist Award (198687), and the Max Planck Research Award (1991).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProfessor of Chemistry \u003cstrong\u003eRobert C. Fay \u003c\/strong\u003ehas been teaching general and inorganic chemistry at Cornell University since 1962. Known for his clear, well-organized lectures, Dr. Fay was the 1980 recipient of the Clark Distinguished Teaching Award. He has also taught as a visiting professor at Harvard University and the University of Bologna, Italy. He has been an NSF Science Faculty Fellow at the Univers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBrief Contents \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 0 – Chemical Tools: Experimentation and Measurement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 1 – The Structure and Stability of Atoms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 2 – Periodicity and the Electronic Structure Atomic Structure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 3 – Atoms and Ionic Bonds\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 4 – Atoms and Covalent Bonds\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 5 – Covalent Bonds and Molecular Structure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 6 – Chemical Arithmetic: Stoichiometry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 7 – Reactions in Aqueous Solution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 8 – Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 9 – Gases: Their Properties and Behavior\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 10 – Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 11 – Solutions and Their Properties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 12 – The Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 13 – Chemical Equilibrium,: The Extent of Chemical Reactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 14 – Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 15 – Applications of Aqueous Equilibria\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 16 – Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 17 – Electrochemistry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 18 – Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Water\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 19 – The Main-Group Elements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 20 – Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 21 – Metals and Solid-State Materials\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapter 23 – Organic and Biological Chemistry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pearson Education (US)","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733599203671,"sku":"9780321813329","price":89.12,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780321813329.jpg?v=1720000784"},{"product_id":"electrochemical-processes-in-biological-systems-9780470578452","title":"Electrochemical Processes in Biological Systems","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book takes a comprehensive look at bioenergetics, the energy flow in living systems, discussing ion exchange and electron transfer processes in biological membranes and artificial bio-films, and how these processes contribute to developing modern biosensor and ion-sensor technology, as well as biofuel cells.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eContributors vii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Modeling of Relations between Ionic Fluxes and Membrane Potential in Artificial Membranes 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAgata Michalska and Krzysztof Maksymiuk\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 Transmembrane Ion Fluxes for Lowering Detection Limits of Ion-Selective Electrodes 23\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTomasz Sokalski\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 Ion Transport and (Selected) Ion Channels in Biological Membranes in Health and Pathology 61\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eKrzysztof Do³owy\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 Electrical Coupling through Gap Junctions between Electrically Excitable Cells 83\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eYarra Lefler and Marylka Yoe Uusisaari\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 Enzyme Film Electrochemistry 105\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eJulea N. Butt, Andrew J. Gates, Sophie J. Marritt and David J. Richardson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 Plant Photosystem II as an Example of a Natural Photovoltaic Device 121\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eWies³aw I. Gruszecki\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 Electrochemical Activation of Cytochrome P450 133\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAndrew K. Udit, Michael G. Hill and Harry B. Gray\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 Molecular Properties and Reaction Mechanism of Multicopper Oxidases Related to Their Use in Biofuel Cells 169\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eEdward I. Solomon, Christian H. Kjaergaard and David E. Heppner\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 Electrochemical Monitoring of the Well-Being of Cells 213\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eKalle Levon, Qi Zhang, Yanyan Wang, Aabhas Martur and Ramya Kolli\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 Electrochemical Systems Controlled by Enzyme-Based Logic Networks: Toward Biochemically Controlled Bioelectronics 231\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eJan Halámek and Evgeny Katz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 000\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733787390295,"sku":"9780470578452","price":97.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470578452.jpg?v=1720001687"},{"product_id":"the-great-irish-science-book-9780717185580","title":"The Great Irish Science Book","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoin Trinity's Professor Luke O'Neill on the greatest journey of them all. From the very big to the very small  vast galaxies to microscopic atoms - travel through the wonders of the universe, the mysteries of the human body, and the tiny world of molecules. Discover the Irish scientists that have helped to shape our world and find out how to become one yourself.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow do we measure the universe? Why do we need plants? How do our bodies repair themselves when we are ill? What species will exist on earth in a million years' time? Discover the answers to these questions and a lot more in this thrilling and engrossing book packed with fascinating phenomena, vibrant illustrations, experiments you can do yourself, and heaps of fun facts.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gill","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48736087802199,"sku":"9780717185580","price":22.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780717185580.jpg?v=1723810498"},{"product_id":"practical-statistics-for-the-analytical-scientist-9780854041312","title":"Practical Statistics for the Analytical Scientist","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnalytical chemists must use a range of statistical tools in their treatment of experimental data to obtain reliable results. Practical Statistics for the Analytical Scientist is a manual designed to help them negotiate the daunting specialist terminology and symbols. Prepared in conjunction with the Department of Trade and Industry''s Valid Analytical Measurement (VAM) programme, this volume covers the basic statistics needed in the laboratory. It describes the statistical procedures that are most likely to be required including summary and descriptive statistics, calibration, outlier testing, analysis of variance and basic quality control procedures. To improve understanding, many examples provide the user with material for consolidation and practice. The fully worked answers are given both to check the correct application of the procedures and to provide a template for future problems. Practical Statistics for the Analytical Scientist will be welcomed by practising analytical chemis\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction: Choosing the Correct Statistics; Descriptive Statistics; Distribution Descriptives; Probability Distributions; Confidence Limits; Accuracy and Precision; Significance Testing; Outlier Tests; The ANalysis Of VAriance; Linear Regression; Polynomial Regression; Repeatability Standard Deviation; Reproducibility Standard Deviation; Analytical Quality Control; Statistical Sampling; Appendices; Subject Index","brand":"Royal Society of Chemistry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48737592705367,"sku":"9780854041312","price":28.45,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"chemistry-of-fireworks-9780854041275","title":"Chemistry of Fireworks","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor centuries fireworks have been a source of delight and amazement in cultures around the world. But what produces their dazzling array of effects? This book takes you behind the scenes to explore the chemistry and physics behind the art of pyrotechnics. Topics covered include history and characteristics of gunpowder; principles behind each of the most popular firework types: rockets, shells, fountains, sparklers, bangers, roman candles and wheels; special effects, including sound effects, coloured smokes and electrical firing; firework safety for private use and displays; and firework legislation. The Chemistry of Fireworks is aimed at students with A level qualifications or equivalent. The style is concise and easy to understand, and the theory of fireworks is discussed in terms of well-known scientific concepts wherever possible. It will also be a useful source of reference for anyone studying pyrotechnics as applied to fireworks. Review Extracts a worthwhile addition to the pyrote\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"\"\" ... a worthwhile addition to the pyrotechnist's library ...\"\"\"\u003cbr\u003e\"\"\"... interesting background information for those with A-level chemistry or its equivalent.\"\"\"\u003cbr\u003e\"\"\"... a welcome primer on the chemistry of pyrotechnics.\"\"\"\u003cbr\u003e\"\"\"... a useful source of information which makes absorbing reading.\"\"\"\u003cbr\u003e\"\"\"... a useful primer or supplemental text for students and a handy reference source for fireworks aficionados.\"\"\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHistorical Introduction; The Characteristics of Black Powder; Rockets; Mines and Shells; Fountains; Sparklers; Bangers; Roman Candles; Gerbs and Wheels; Special Effects; Fireworks Safety; Fireworks Legislation; Subject Index.","brand":"Royal Society of Chemistry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48737600667991,"sku":"9780854041275","price":23.74,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780854041275.jpg?v=1723811301"},{"product_id":"kitchen-chemistry-9780854043897","title":"Kitchen Chemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe chemistry of food and cooking is just one example of the many roles chemistry plays in our everyday lives. This topic provides an exciting context for some familiar chemistry and a way to engage students with the subject. Kitchen Chemistry contains a wide variety of activities, from class practicals and demonstrations to reading comprehension and paper-based exercises. Each activity deals with an aspect of the chemistry of food and\/or cooking. The material is suitable for a wide range of ages, from primary to post-16, and helps reinforce the idea that everything is made of chemicals and that there is no difference between ''man-made'' and ''natural'' chemicals.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSynopsis: The chemistry of food and cooking is just one example of the many roles chemistry plays in our everyday lives. This topic provides an exciting context for some familiar chemistry and a way to engage students with the subject. Kitchen Chemistry contains a wide variety of activities, from class practicals and demonstrations to reading comprehension and paper-based exercises. Each activity deals with an aspect of the chemistry of food and\/or cooking. The material is suitable for a wide range of ages, from primary to post-16, and helps reinforce the idea that everything is made of chemicals and that there is no difference between 'man-made' and 'natural' chemicals. * Chemical Information Sources Discussion List, 06 November 2007 (Dana L Roth) *\u003cbr\u003e\"Useful resource for school teachers, undergraduate chemistry lecturers and food enthusiasts.\" * International Food Information Service, 2007-01-Ac0263 *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction by Heston Blumenthal; How to use this material; The use of salt in cooking; The use of salt in cooking 2; By how much does salt increase the boiling point of water?; Is all salt the same?; \"Low sodium\" salt substitutes; What affects the colour and texture of cooked vegetables; Should beans be cooked with the lid on or off?; The chemistry of baking powder; The structure of ice and water; Why do pans stick?; Enzymes and jellies; The chemistry of flavour; Chemical changes during cooking; The science of ice cream; 'Asparagus pee'; How hot are chilli peppers?","brand":"Royal Society of Chemistry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48737601356119,"sku":"9780854043897","price":21.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780854043897.jpg?v=1723811302"},{"product_id":"elegant-solutions-9780854046744","title":"Elegant Solutions","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDevising and performing a scientific experiment is an art, and it is common to hear scientists talk about the ''beauty'' of an experiment. What does this mean in chemistry, the experimental science par excellence? And what are the most beautiful chemical experiments of all time? This book offers ten suggestions for where beauty might reside in experimental chemistry. In some cases the beauty lies in the clarity of conception; sometimes it is a feature of the instrumental design. But for chemistry, there can also be a unique beauty in the way atoms are put together to make new molecules, substances not known in nature. The ten experiments described here offer a window into the way that chemists think and work, and how what they do affects the rest of science and the wider world. This book aims to stimulate the reader to think anew about some of the relationships and differences between science and art, and to challenge some of the common notions about particular ''famous experiments''. Elegant Solutions: Ten Beautiful Experiments in Chemistry is accessible to all readers, including those without a scientific background and can provide an unusual point of entry into some of the basic concepts of chemistry. Phillip Ball is a renowned, prolific, award winning science writer.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"...wonderful, compelling read...\"\"...will be of interest to chemistrs and historians alike.  This is a timely and very welcome achievement.\" * Ambix, Vol 54, No 1 March 2007, Pedro Cintas *\u003cbr\u003eThis is a delightful (beautiful?) book that deserves a wide audience......The book contains ten chapters that do more than describe individual experiments; they put it in the context of contemporary thought and attitudes and the characters of the chemists themselves.It should be read by A-level students to put their learning in context and by undergraduates to examine the experimental process....an excellent addition to Phillip Ball's growing list of popular science titles. * Physical Sciences Educational Reviews, Volume 8, Issue 2, October 2007 (Roy Lowry) *\u003cbr\u003eThis book is particularly strong in that it is readily accessible by a general readership.  It provokes you to think about how aesthetic values are related to experimental virtues. * Joachim Schummer, *\u003cbr\u003eI highly recommend Ball's book, which makes much of chemistry.  Accessible to the nonchemist. * Bulletin for the History of Chemistry, Vol 31, Number 1 (2006) (Leo B Slater) *\u003cbr\u003eOne of Ball's objectives is to encourage us to think about what an experiment is and what role experiments play in the evolution of science.The whole book is full of vivid characters, pointed anecdote and insightful comment, and is a delight to read.  It is accessible to any reasonably well-motivated non-chemist, and would make a fine present for such a person. * Chemistry \u0026amp; Industry, 15th May 2006 (Martyn Berry) *\u003cbr\u003eIt is rare for a book on chemistry to involve such feelings of awe as this one does.  Elegant Solutions is an absolute delight, completely fulfilling Armstrong's words about the chemist being full of feeling.  Wherever you work in chemistry, this book will have something to help you, to set you thinking, and to make you proud of your professional calling.  Make sure you get a copy. * Education in Chemistry, March 2006 (John Nicholson) *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction: What is an Experiment? What is Beauty?; Section 1: Asking Questions of Nature; Chapter 1: How Does Your Garden Grow?; Chapter 2: An Element Compounded; Chapter 3: New Light; Chapter 4: The Marvellous Glass Balloon; Chapter 5: The Elements Came in One By One; Divertissement 1: Chemistry as Theatre; Section 2: Posing New Questions; Chapter 6: Molecules Take Shape; Divertissement 2: Myths and Romances; Chapter 7: Life and How to Make It; Chapter 8: Not So Noble; Section 3: The Art of Making Things; Chapter 9: Nature Rebuilt; Chapter 10: Plato's Molecules; Divertissement 3: Chemical Aesthetics","brand":"Royal Society of Chemistry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48737611776343,"sku":"9780854046744","price":18.95,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780854046744.jpg?v=1723811305"},{"product_id":"ecotoxicology-9781108819732","title":"Ecotoxicology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEcotoxicology offers a comprehensive overview of the science underpinning the recognition and management of environmental contamination. It describes the toxicology of environmental contaminants, the methods used for assessing their toxicity and ecological impacts, and approaches employed to mitigate pollution and ecological health risks globally. Chapters cover the latest advances in research, including genomics, natural toxins, endocrine disruption and the toxicology of radioactive substances. The second half of the book focuses on applications, such as cradle-to-grave effects of selected industries, legal and economic approaches to environmental regulation, ecological risk assessment, and contaminated site remediation. With short capsules written by invited experts, numerous case studies from around the world and further reading lists, this textbook is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate one-semester courses. It is also a valuable reference for graduate students and professionals. Online resources for instructors and students are also available.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreamble; Preface; Part I. Approaches and Methods: 1. The history and emergence of ecotoxicology as a science Pamela Welbourn and Peter V. Hodson; 2. Measuring toxicity Peter V. Hodson and David A. Wright; 3. Contaminant uptake and bioaccumulation: mechanisms, kinetics and modelling Peter G. C. Campbell, Peter V. Hodson, Pamela M. Welbourn, David A. Wright; 4. Methods in ecotoxicology Peter. V. Hodson and David W. Wright; 5 Ecotoxicogenomics Valérie S. Langlois and Christopher J. Martyniuk; Part II. Toxicology of Individual Substances: 6. Metals and metalloids Peter G. C. Campbell, Pamela M. Welbourn and Christopher D. Metcalfe; 7. Organic compounds Christopher D. Metcalfe, David A. Wright, Peter V. Hodson; 8. Endocrine disrupting chemicals Christopher D. Metcalfe, Christopher J. Martyniuk, Valérie S. Langlois, and David A. Wright; 9. Natural toxins David A. Wright and Pamela M. Welbourn; 10. Ionising radiation Louise Winn; Part III. Complex Issues: 11. Complex issues, multiple stressors and lessons learned Pamela M. Welbourn, Peter G. C. Campbell, Peter V. Hodson and Christopher D. Metcalfe) 12. Regulatory toxicology and ecological risk assessment Peter V. Hodson, Pamela Welbourn and Peter G. C. Campbell; 13. Recovery of contaminated sites Pamela M. Welbourn and Peter V. Hodson; 14. Emerging concerns and future visions David A. Wright and Peter G. C. Campbell; Index.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738335129943,"sku":"9781108819732","price":42.74,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781108819732.jpg?v=1723811941"},{"product_id":"advances-in-chemical-physics-volume-160-9781119165149","title":"Advances in Chemical Physics Volume 160","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe   Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics field with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eContributors List ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Series xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermodynamic Perturbation Theory for Associating Molecules 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eBennett D. Marshall and Walter G. Chapman\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePath Integrals and Effective Potentials in the Study of Monatomic Fluids at Equilibrium 49\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLuis M. Sesé\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Matter Induced by Degeneracies and Pseudodegeneracies 159\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eIsaac B. Bersuker\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean Field Electrostatics Beyond the Point Charge Description 209\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDerek Frydel\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst‐Passage Processes in Cellular Biology 261\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eSrividya Iyer‐Biswas and Anton Zilman\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheoretical Modeling of Vibrational Spectra and Proton Tunneling in Hydrogen‐Bonded Systems 307\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMarek Janusz Wójcik\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 343\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738352791895,"sku":"9781119165149","price":152.06,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119165149.jpg?v=1723811962"},{"product_id":"handbook-for-process-safety-in-laboratories-and-pilot-plants-9781119010135","title":"Handbook for Process Safety in Laboratories and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eHandbook for Process Safety in Laboratories and Pilot Plants\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEffectively manage physical and chemical risks in your laboratory or pilot plant\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eHandbook for Process Safety in Laboratories and Pilot Plants: A Risk-based Approach\u003c\/i\u003e, the Center for Chemical Process Safety delivers a comprehensive and authoritative presentation of process safety procedures and methods for use in laboratories and pilot plants (LAPPs). Of the four broad hazard categories  chemical, physical, biological, and ionizing radiation  this book focuses on the two most common: chemical and physical hazards. It addresses the storage and handling of the hazardous materials associated with activities commonly performed in LAPPs and presents many of the physical and chemical analytical techniques used to verify and validate the efficacy of safety management systems. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book will present tools and techniques for effectively managing the risks in any laboratory or pilot plant using engineered\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Figures x\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Tables xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms xii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xxii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDedication xxiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnline Materials Accompanying this Handbook xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 1 – Introduction and Overview 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Purpose and Scope 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Purpose 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Scope of Book and Target Audience 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Terms for Laboratories and Pilot Plants 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Distinctions between Laboratories and Pilot Plants 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Organization of This Handbook 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Managing Risk to Prevent Incidents 13\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Some LAPP Characteristics 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Safety in Laboratories and Pilot Plants 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Where to Start with a Risk-based Approach in the LAPP 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Gain Leadership Support to Implement Risk Based Process Safety 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Laboratory Safety Management System Considerations 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Resources for Risk Based Process Safety Management System 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Leaks and Spills in the LAPP 35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Leaks of Hazardous Materials 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Spills of Hazardous Materials 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 2 – Committing to Process Safety 39\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 LAPP Risk Management Concepts 41\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Occupational Safety and Process Safety 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Hierarchy of Controls 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Inherently Safer Design (ISD) 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Basic Risk Concepts 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 A Risk Management Program 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Anatomy of an Incident 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Preventive and Mitigative Safeguards 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Applying a Risk-Based Approach in a LAPP 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Process Safety Culture in the LAPP 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 RBPS Element 1: Process Safety Culture 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Leaders’ Responsibilities for Positive Safety Culture 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Resources and Examples for Process Safety Culture 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Standards for the LAPP 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 RBPS Element 2: Compliance with Standards 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Risk Management Focus 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Different Codes and Standards When Scaling Up from Laboratory to Pilot Plant 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Jurisdictional Requirements 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Resources for Compliance with Standards 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Process Safety Competency and Training in the LAPP 69\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 RBPS Element 3: Process Safety Competency 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 RBPS Element 12: Training and Performance Assurance 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Workforce Involvement and Stakeholder Outreach in the LAPP 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 RBPS Element 4: Workforce Involvement 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 RBPS Element 5: Stakeholder Outreach 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 3 – Understanding Hazards and Risks 83\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Process Safety Knowledge Management in the LAPP 85\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 RBPS Element 6: Process Knowledge Management 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Overview of Information and Data Needs 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Sources of Information and Data 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Process Safety Information during Scale-up 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Types of Hazards 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Reactive Chemistry Hazards 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Toxicity Hazards 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Flammability and Combustibility Hazards 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Temperature Hazards 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Overpressure Hazards 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Other Common LAPP Hazards 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable of Contents vii ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis (HIRA) in the LAPP 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 RBPS Element 7: Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 HIRA Team Members 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 HIRA Approaches Used in LAPPs 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Qualitative versus Quantitative Analysis of Risks in LAPPs 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 ACS Hazard Analysis Tools 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Evaluating the Effort Level for HIRAs 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Determining the Extent of the HIRAs 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 4 – Managing Risk: Engineered Controls 171\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Spill and Leak Protection 173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Containment 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Flexible hose and tubing 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Fire and Over-Temperature Protection 175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Fire Prevention 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Fire Mitigation 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Over-Temperature Protection 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Overpressure Prevention and Protection 191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Pressure Protection for Equipment 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Pressure and Vacuum Relief for Atmospheric Pressure Vessels 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Process Conditions\/Situations to Consider in Pressure Relief Device Design 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Blast Containment Cells and Pressure Relief for Building Areas 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Venting Location and Downstream Treatment of Material Vented 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Ventilation Controls 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Ventilation Systems 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Laboratory Chemical Fume Hoods 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Pilot Plant Ventilation 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Permanent Total Enclosures for Containment in the LAPP 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Automated Shut-down Systems 209\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Selection and Design Based on Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Basic Control Systems and Safety Shut-down Systems 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Independent Automated Safety Shut-down Systems 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Fail-Safe Design Considerations 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Important Design Features for Control Systems 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Control of Changes and Maintenance for Engineered Safeguards 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Additional References 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Engineered Controls for Common Hazards 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Cryogenic Fluids and Compressed Gases 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Cryogenic Fluids and Compressed Gas Cylinders 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Glass Equipment 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Gloveboxes 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 5 – Managing Risk: Administrative Controls 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Administrative Fire and Explosion Safeguards 237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Standards and Guidance for Fire Prevention 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Ignition Source Control: Procedures 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Manual Fire Suppression 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Administrative Safeguards for Hazards in LAPPs 239\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Good Practices for Compressed Gas and Cryogenic Cylinders 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Regulations and Standards for Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Procedures and Best Practices for Compressed Gases 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Good Practices for Storage, Movement, and Use of Cryogenic Fluids 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Good Practices For Handling Glass 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Administrative Controls for Reactive Hazards 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 6 – Managing Risk: RBPS Management Systems 253\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Operating Procedures and Conduct of Operations in the LAPP 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 RBPS Element 8: LAPP Operating Procedures 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 RBPS Element 15: Conduct of Operations 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Safe Work Practices and Contractor Management in the LAPP 263\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 RBPS Element 9: Safe Work Practices 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 RBPS Element 11: Contractor Management 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Asset Integrity and Reliability in the LAPP 269\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 RBPS Element 10: Asset Integrity and Reliability 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 A Management Approach for Assuring Asset Integrity and Reliability 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Examples of Asset Integrity and Reliability Management System Failures 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Glass Equipment—Asset Integrity and Reliability Challenge for LAPPs 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Management of Change (MOC) and Operational Readiness in the LAPP 277\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 RBPS Element 13: Management of Change 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 RBPS Element 14: Operational Readiness 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable of Contents ix xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Emergency Management in the LAPP 283\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 RBPS Element 16: Emergency Management 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Emergency Planning 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Implementing an Emergency Management Plan 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Emergency Equipment 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Training and Drills 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6 Deficiencies in Emergency Planning and Response in LAPP Cases 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7 Controlling Unattended Experimental Work and Working Alone in LAPPs 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 7 – Learning from Experience 291\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 Investigating Incidents 293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Incident Terminology 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 RBPS Element 17: Incident Investigation 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Steps of an Incident Investigation 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Ensure Lessons Are Learned and Remembered 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5 Learn from Experience of Others 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 Metrics, Auditing, and Management Review in the LAPP 299\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 RBPS Element 18: Measurement and Metrics 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 RBPS Element 19: Auditing 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 RBPS Element 20: Management Review and Continuous Improvement 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 8 – Conclusion 305\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A Cases 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B Examples 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C Control Banding Strategies 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix D Glass Equipment Design 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 525\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738355741015,"sku":"9781119010135","price":133.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119010135.jpg?v=1723811965"},{"product_id":"cellular-signal-transduction-in-toxicology-and-pharmacology-9781119060260","title":"Cellular Signal Transduction in Toxicology and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCovering a key topic due to growing research into the role of signaling mechanisms in toxicology, this book focuses on practical approaches for informatics, big data, and complex data sets.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCombines fundamentals \/ basics with experimental applications that can help those involved in preclinical drug studies and translational research\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes detailed presentations of study methodology and data collection, analysis, and interpretation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDiscusses tools like experimental design, sample handling, analytical measurement techniques\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Editors xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to Cellular Signal Transduction: The Connection Between a Biological System and Its Surroundings 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJonathan W. Boyd, Richard R. Neubig, Alice Han, \u003c\/i\u003eand\u003ci\u003e Maren Prediger\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Starting Big, but Ending Small 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Key Features of Signal Transduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Responding to Our Environment: Sensory Perception Begins and Ends with Signal Transduction 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Taste (Gustation) 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Smell (Olfaction) 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Sight (Vision) 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Sound (Audition) 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Touch (Somatosensation) 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Primary Transport Systems Involved in Signal Transduction 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Ion Channels, Transporters, and Ion Pumps 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Receptors 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Endocytosis 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Exosomes 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Key Organelles Involved in Signal Transduction 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Mitochondria 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Endoplasmic Reticulum 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Nucleus 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Mechanisms of Cellular Signal Transduction 21\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRichard R. Neubig, Jonathan W. Boyd, Julia A. Mouch, \u003c\/i\u003eand\u003ci\u003e Nicole Prince\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Posttranslational Modifications and Their Roles in Signal Transduction 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Phosphorylation 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Acylation 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Alkylation 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.4 Glycosylation 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.5 Other PTMs 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Receptors 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Receptor Signaling Mechanisms 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Basic Principles of Signal Transduction Mechanisms 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.1 Selectivity and Recognition 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.2 Flexible Modularity 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.3 Molecular Switches 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.4 GPCRs and Second Messengers 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.5 Amplification 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.6 Turn‐Off Mechanisms 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.7 Localization 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.8 Biased Signaling\/Functional Selectivity 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Steroid Receptors 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Summary 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 From Cellular Mechanisms to Physiological Responses: Functional Signal Integration Across Multiple Biological Levels 49\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRobert H. Newman\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Cellular Information Flow: Mechanisms of Cellular Signal Integration and Regulation 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 The InsR‐aPKC‐NF‐κB Signaling Axis 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Modes of Regulation in InsR‐PKC‐NF‐κB Signaling Axis 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Transcriptional Regulation 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Regulating the Regulators: Phosphatase‐Mediated Regulation of Signaling Molecules 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Crosstalk and Functional Signal Integration in Response to Insulin in Hepatocytes 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Systemic Signal Integration 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Pancreatic β‐Cells 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Skeletal Muscles 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Adipose Tissue 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Dysregulation of Insulin Signaling in the Etiology of Type 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiabetes 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Signal Transduction in Disease: Relating Cell Signaling to Morbidity and Mortality 73\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePatricia E. Ganey and Sean A. Misek\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Fibrosis as an Example of Complex Signaling 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Development of Liver Fibrosis 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Animal Models of Hepatic Fibrosis 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Epithelial‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Other Cellular Interactions in Fibrosis 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6 Intracellular Signaling Pathways Critical to Liver Fibrosis 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6.1 TGF‐β1 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6.2 Kinase Pathways Involved in Fibrotic Responses 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6.3 HIF‐1α 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6.4 miRNA 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6.5 Toll‐Like Receptors (TLRs) 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Cancer Drug Resistance: Complex Cellular and Population Changes 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Genomic Resistance Mechanisms 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Non‐genomic Mechanisms 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Non‐cancer Drug Resistance Paradigms 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Tumor Heterogeneity as a Driver of Drug Resistance 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Mutational Drivers of Drug Resistance 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 Drug‐Induced Rewiring of Signaling Networks as a Mechanism of Drug Resistance 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.7 Parallel Pathways and Combination Treatments 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.8 Epigenetic Mechanisms of Drug Resistance 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.9 Summary of Cancer Drug Resistance 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Summary 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Experimental Design in Signal Transduction 113\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWeimin Gao, Meghan Cromie, Qian Wang, Zhongwei Liu, Song Tang, \u003c\/i\u003eand\u003ci\u003e Julie Vrana Miller\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Overview of Basic Experimental Design 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Independent Sample \u003ci\u003et\u003c\/i\u003e Test 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Completely Randomized Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 \u003ci\u003et\u003c\/i\u003e Test for Dependent Sample Design 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4 Randomized Block Design 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.5 Completely Randomized Factorial Design 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.6 Summary 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Aseptic Technique 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Sterile Work Environment and Laminar‐Flow Hood 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Good Personal Hygiene Practices 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Sterile Reagents and Materials 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Sterile Handling 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Biological Sample Collection, Processing, and Pretreatment Technology 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Sample Collection 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.1 Sample Collection \u003ci\u003eIn Vivo\u003c\/i\u003e 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.2 Cell Culture \u003ci\u003eIn Vitro\u003c\/i\u003e 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Sample Processing 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1 DNA Isolation 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2 RNA Extraction 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.3 Protein Extraction 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Sample Storage 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Common \u003ci\u003eIn Vitro\u003c\/i\u003e Studies in Toxicology\/Pharmacology 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Cytotoxicity Studies 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Viability Assays 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2.1 Trypan Blue 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2.2 Erythrosin 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2.3 Crystal Violet Staining 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2.4 Neutral Red Staining 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Survival Assays 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3.1 Clonogenic or Colony Formation Assay 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3.2 Cell Cycle Analysis: Flow Cytometry 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4 DNA Damage Assays 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4.1 Comet Assay 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4.2 Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.5 Southern Blot and DNA Sequencing 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.5.1 Southern Blot 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.5.2 DNA Sequencing 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.5.3 Transfection and Gene Silencing 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.6 RNA Quantification and Identification 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.6.1 Northern Blot 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.6.2 Promoter Deletion Analysis 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.6.3 RNase Protection Assay 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.7 Gene Expression 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.7.1 Quantitative Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT‐PCR) 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.7.2 Microarray 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.8 Protein‐Related Assays 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.8.1 Bradford Assay 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.8.2 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.8.3 Western Blot and 2D Gel Electrophoresis 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.8.4 Immunolocalization 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.8.5 Immunoprecipitation Assays 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.8.6 Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.9 Epigenetics 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.9.1 Bisulfite Pyrosequencing 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.9.2 ChIP‐on‐Chip 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.9.3 Multiplex miRNA Profiling 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Common \u003ci\u003eIn Vivo\u003c\/i\u003e Studies in Toxicology 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Toxicological Endpoints 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1.1 Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1.2 Acute, Subchronic, and Chronic Toxicity 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1.3 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1.4 Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity Studies 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Routes of Exposure 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.1 Oral, Dermal, and Inhalation 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.2 Exposure via Injection 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Animal Models 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.1 Rodent Studies 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.2 Other Studies 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Basic Advantages and Disadvantages Associated with Sample Types 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Human Epidemiology Studies 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.1 Nonexperimental Studies 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.2 Experimental Studies 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.3 Molecular Epidemiology 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Examples of Tox‐ and Pharm‐Based Experiments Relevant to Signal Transduction Endpoints 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1 Cytotoxicity 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1.1 Nicotine‐Derived Nitrosamine Ketone (NNK) 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1.2 Doxorubicin (DOX) 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1.3 Curcumin 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1.4 Combination Effects of Cisplatin and\/or Leptomycin B (LMB) 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.2 DNA Damage 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.3 Cell Cycle and Apoptosis 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.4 ROS Induction in A549 Cells After LMB and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Treatment 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.5 Signaling Pathways 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.5.1 Metabolizing Alterations After Chemical Exposure 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.5.2 p53 Signaling Pathways 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.6 Protein Kinase B (Akt\/PKB)\/Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Pathway Analysis Using Multiblot 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.7 Discovery of Unrecognized Pathways\/Molecules Using Proteomics 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Coupling Experimental Results Within the Larger Literature Framework to Generate Information 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.1 Cell Proliferation–EGFR Pathway 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.2 Cell Cycle 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.3 Signal‐Mediated Cell Death 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.4 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Techniques for Measuring Cellular Signal Transduction 171\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJulie Vrana Miller, Weimin Gao, Meghan Cromie, \u003c\/i\u003eand\u003ci\u003e Zhongwei Liu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 High‐Throughput Versus High‐Content Data 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Ergodic and Nonergodic Systems 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Methods to Measure Signal Transduction Data 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Microscopy 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.1 Widefield Epifluorescence Microscopy 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.2 Confocal Microscopy 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.3 Immunohistochemistry 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.4 FRET 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.1 Competitive ELISA 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.2 Sandwich ELISA 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.3 Direct Cellular ELISA 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.4 Multiplex Suspension Array Assays 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.5 Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) Array 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Gel Electrophoresis 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Western Blot 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Protein Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Techniques to Generate Large Datasets for Signal Transduction Network Analysis 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 ’‐omics Using Mass Spectrometry 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.1 Separation Techniques 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.2 Phosphoprotein Enrichment for Phosphoproteomics: IMAC, MOAC, and SMOAC 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.3 Quantitation with Chemical Tags: iTRAQ and TMT 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 RNA Sequencing (RNA‐Seq) 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Bioenergetics 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Oxygen Consumption 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Fluorescent Probes 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 ATP Assays 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) Assay 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.5 Mitochondrial Membrane Potential 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Relating Signaling to Cellular Outcome Using Relevant Assays 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 MTT\/MTS\/WST Assays 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 LDH Assay 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Resazurin Assay (Alamar Blue) 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4 Cell Death: Plasma Membrane Degradation Assay 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Summary 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Computational Methods for Signal Transduction: A Network Approach 201\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGiovanni Scardoni, Gabriele Tosadori, John Morris, Sakshi Pratap, Carlo Laudanna, \u003c\/i\u003eand\u003ci\u003e Alice Han\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Network Construction 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Introduction to Network Construction 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Network Construction from a Probe 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Mapping Methodology 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Small Networks 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.5 Large Networks 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Facing the Network Analysis 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Centralities Definition and Description 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Global Parameters 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.1 Diameter (Δ\u003ci\u003eG\u003c\/i\u003e) 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.2 Average Distance 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Local Parameters 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.1 Degree 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.2 Eccentricity 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.3 Closeness 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.4 Radiality 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.5 Centroid Value 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.6 Stress 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.7 S.‐P. Betweenness 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.8 Eigenvector 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.9 Bridging Centrality 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.10 Edge Betweenness 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.11 Normalization and Relative Centralities 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Clusters 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Employing Centrality Analysis to Evaluate Stressed Biological Systems 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Interference Notion: How to Perform Virtual Knockout Experiments on Biological Networks 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Integrating Experimental Dataset into a Topological Analysis 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Integrating Expression or Activation Levels as Nodes Attributes 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Edge Attributes as Distance in a Computation 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Network Analysis Software 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Cytoscape and Its Apps 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1.1 structureViz\/RINalyzer 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1.2 CentiScaPe 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1.3 PesCa 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1.4 Interference 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1.5 clusterMaker2 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1.6 chemViz 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Other Tools 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2.1 Gephi 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2.2 D3.js 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2.3 VisANT 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Conclusions 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 A Toxicological Application of Signal Transduction: Early Cellular Changes Can Be Indicative of Toxicity 239\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJulie Vrana Miller, Nicole Prince, Julia A. Mouch, \u003c\/i\u003eand \u003ci\u003eJonathan W. Boyd\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Classification of Toxic Agent and Exposure Effects: A Toxicological Perspective 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Dose–Response for Chemical Exposure Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Chemical Mixtures 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Mode of Action Versus Mechanism of Action 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Early Cellular Changes Post‐exposure 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Intracellular Signaling Perturbations Associated with Exposure 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Bioenergetic Changes Post‐exposure 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Time Scale of Exposure Effects 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Experimentally Testing Early Cellular Changes that May Contribute to Exposure Sensing and Response 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Paradigm Shift Toward \u003ci\u003eIn Vitro\u003c\/i\u003e Cell Culture 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Real‐Time \u003ci\u003eIn Vitro\u003c\/i\u003e Assays to Measure Early Cellular Changes 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2.1 Using NADH and Oxygen Consumption to Predict ATP Generation 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Prediction of Posttranslational Phosphorylation Response for Mixtures 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3.1 Using Bliss Independence (Response Addition) to Predict Relative Phosphorylation During Critical Signaling Events 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Future Research in Signaling 267\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJonathan W. Boyd, Nicole Prince, \u003c\/i\u003eand\u003ci\u003e Marc Birringer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Translational Research and a Spatiotemporal Understanding of Signal Transduction 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Integrating Second Messengers into Signal Transduction 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Understanding Crosstalk in Signal Transduction 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Posttranslational Modifications (PTMs) and Target Identification in Signal Transduction 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Epigenetic Endpoints in Signal Transduction 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 The Integration of Nutrition and Signal Transduction 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Cellular AMPK Signaling 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Cellular TOR Signaling 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.3 Gut Microbiota 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.4 The Integration of Endocrine Gut Signaling 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 291\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738356101463,"sku":"9781119060260","price":112.46,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119060260.jpg?v=1723811967"},{"product_id":"microscale-organic-laboratory-9781119110521","title":"Microscale Organic Laboratory","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMicroscale Organic Chemistry: With Multistep and Multiscale Syntheses\u003c\/i\u003e offers a modern approach to the laboratory experience within the organic division. Notable features include inquiry-driven experimentation, validation of the purification process, and the implementation of greener processes (including microwave use) to perform traditional experimentation. In addition to offering alternative methods to perform microscale experiments, this text offers strong pedagogy to promote student success through empowerment and encouragement.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 2 Safety 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 3 Introduction to Microscale Organic Laboratory Equipment And Techniques 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 4 Determination of Physical Properties 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 5 Microscale Laboratory Techniques 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 6 Microscale Organic Laboratory Experiments 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 7 Sequential Syntheses: the Transition From Macro To Micro 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 8 Spectroscopic Identification The Monochromator 625\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 9 Qualitative Identification Of Organic Compounds 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 10 Advanced Microscale Organic Laboratory Experiments 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary G-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex I-1\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738356527447,"sku":"9781119110521","price":72.86,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119110521.jpg?v=1723811969"},{"product_id":"organic-reactions-volume-99-9781119456629","title":"Organic Reactions Volume 99","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe 99th volume in this series for organic chemists in academia and industry presents critical discussions of widely used organic reactions or particular phases of a reaction. The material is treated from a preparative viewpoint, with emphasis on limitations, interfering influences, effects of structure and the selection of experimental techniques. The work includes tables that contain all possible examples of the reaction under consideration. Detailed procedures illustrate the significant modifications of each method.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Addition of Non-Stabilized Carbon-Based Nucleophilic Reagents to Chiral \u003ci\u003eN\u003c\/i\u003e-Sulfinyl Imines 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMelissa A. Herbage, Jolaine Savoie, Joshua D. Sieber, Jean-Nicolas Desrosiers, Yongda Zhang, Maurice A. Marsini, Keith R. Fandrick, Daniel Rivalti, and Chris H. Senanayake\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Iridium-Catalyzed, Enantioselective, Allylic Alkylations with Carbon Nucleophiles 423\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJian-Ping Qu, Günter Helmchen, Ze-Peng Yang, Wei Zhang, and Shu-Li You\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCumulative Chapter Titles by Volume 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthor Index, Volumes 1–99 651\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter and Topic Index, Volumes 1–99 657\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738359607639,"sku":"9781119456629","price":200.7,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119456629.jpg?v=1723811973"},{"product_id":"high-value-fermentation-products-volume-1-9781119460015","title":"High Value Fermentation Products Volume 1","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eGreen technologies are no longer the future of science, but the present. With more and more mature industries, such as the process industries, making large strides seemingly every single day, and more consumers demanding products created from green technologies, it is essential for any business in any industry to be familiar with the latest processes and technologies. It is all part of a global effort to go greener, and this is nowhere more apparent than in fermentation technology.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book describes relevant aspects of industrial-scale fermentation, an expanding area of activity, which already generates commercial values of over one third of a trillion US dollars annually, and which will most likely radically change the way we produce chemicals in the long-term future. From biofuels and bulk amino acids to monoclonal antibodies and stem cells, they all rely on mass suspension cultivation of cells in stirred bioreactors, which is the most widely used and versatile way to pro\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eForeword xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Editors xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgement xxvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction, Scope and Significance of Fermentation Technology 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSaurabh Saran, Alok Malaviya and Asha Chaubey\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Background of Fermentation Technology 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Market of Fermentation Products 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Types of Fermentation 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Solid State Fermentation (SSF) 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Submerged Fermentation (SmF) 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Solid State (SSF) vs. Submerged (SmF) Fermentation 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Classification of Fermentation 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Design and Parts of Fermentors 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Types of Fermentor 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1 Stirred Tank Fermentor 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2 Airlift Fermentor 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.3 Bubble Column Fermentor 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.4 Fluidized Bed Fermentor 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.5 Packed Bed Fermentor 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.6 Photo Bioreactor 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Industrial Applications of Fermentation Technology 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Scope and Global Market of Fermentation Technology 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Conclusions 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Extraction of Bioactive Molecules through Fermentation and Enzymatic Assisted Technologies 27\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRamón Larios-Cruz, Liliana Londoño-Hernández, Ricardo Gómez-García, Ivanoe García, Leonardo Sepulveda, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera and Cristóbal N. Aguilar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Definition of Bioactives Compounds 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Polyphenols and Polypeptides 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Importance and Applications of Bioactive Compounds 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Bioactive Peptides 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Traditional Processes for Obtaining Bioactive Compounds 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Soxhlet Extraction 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Liquid-Liquid and Solid-Liquid Extraction 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Maceration Extraction 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Fermentation and Enzymatic Technologies for Obtaining Bioactive Compounds 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Soft Chemistry in Bioactive Compounds 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Biotransformation of Bioactive Compounds 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Enzymatic and Fermentation Technologies 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Use of Agroindustrial Waste in the Fermentation Process 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Cereal Wastes 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Fruit and Plant Waste 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 General Parameters in the Optimization of Fermentation Processes 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Response Surface Methodology 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 First-Order Model 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Second-Order Model 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Final Comments 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Antibiotics Against Gram Positive Bacteria 61\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRahul Vikram Singh, Hitesh Sharma, Anshela Koul and Vikash Babu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Target of Antibiotics Against Gram Positive Bacteria 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibition 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Protein Synthesis Inhibition 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 DNA Synthesis Inhibition 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Antibiotics Production Processes 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Conclusion 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Antibiotic Against Gram-Negative Bacteria 79\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMaryam Faiyaz, Shikha Gupta and Divya Gupta\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Gram-Negative Bacteria and Antibiotics 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 β-Lactam Drugs 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Macrolide 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Aminoglycosides 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Fluoroquinolones 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Production of Antibiotics 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Strain Development 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Media Formulation and Optimization 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Fermentation 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Downstream Processing and Purification 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Quality Control 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Conclusion 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Role of Antifungal Drugs in Combating Invasive Fungal Diseases 103\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKakoli Dutt\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Antifungal Agents 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Azoles 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Polyenes 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Allylamine\/Thiocarbonates 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Other Antifungal Agents 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Targets of Antifungal Agents 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Cell Wall Biosynthesis Inhibitors 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Sphingolipid Synthesis Inhibitors 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Ergosterol Synthesis Inhibitors 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Protein Synthesis Inhibitors 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Novel Targets 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Development of Resistance towards Antifungal Agents 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Antifungal-Drug-Resistance Mechanisms 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Market and Drug Development 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Conclusions 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgement 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Current Update on Rapamycin Production and Its Potential Clinical Implications 145\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGirijesh K. Patel, Ruchika Goyal1 and Syed M. Waheed\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Biosynthesis of Rapamycin 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Microbial Strain 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Optimization of Carbon, Nitrogen Sources and Salts 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Strain Manipulation to Improve Rapamycin Production 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Organic Synthesis of Rapamycin 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Extraction and Quantification of Rapamycin 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Physiological Factors Affecting Rapamycin Biosynthesis 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Effect of Media Components 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Effect of pH on Rapamycin Production 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Effect of Physical Gravity 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Effect of Morphological Changes 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.5 Effect of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Carbon Dioxide (DCO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e) 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Production of Rapamycin Analogs 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Mechanism of Action of Rapamycin 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Use of Rapamycin in Medicine 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Anti-Fungal Agent 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 Immunosuppression 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.3 Anti-Cancer Agent 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.4 Anti-Aging Agent 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.5 Role in HIV Treatment 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.6 Rheumatoid Arthritis 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Side Effects of Long-term Use of Rapamycin 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Conclusions 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Advances in Production of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies 165\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRichi V Mahajan, Subhash Chand, Mahendra Pal Singh, Apurwa Kestwal and Surinder Singh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Discovery and Clinical Development 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Structure and Classification 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Nomenclature of Monoclonal Antibodies 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Production of Monoclonal Antibodies 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Hybridoma Technology 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Epstein-Barr Virus Technology 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Phage Display Technology 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 Cell Line Based Production Techniques 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.5 Chemical Modifications of Monoclonal Antibodies 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.6 Advances in Antibody Technology 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Conclusions 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Antimicrobial Peptides from Bacterial Origin: Potential Alternative to Conventional Antibiotics 193\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLipsy Chopra, Gurdeep Singh, Ramita Taggar, Akanksha Dwivedi, Jitender Nandal, Pradeep Kumar and Debendra K. Sahoo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Classification of Bacteriocins 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Bacteriocins from Gram-Negative Bacteria 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Bacteriocins from Gram-Positive Bacteria 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Mode of Action 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Pore-Forming Bacteriocins 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Non-Pore-Forming Bacteriocins: Intracellular Targets 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Applications 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Food Bio Preservative 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Food Packaging (In Packaging Films) 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Hurdle Technology to Enhance Food Safety 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4 Therapeutic Potential 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.5 Effect of Bacteriocins on Biofilms 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Conclusions 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases: Nature’s Indispensable Drug Factories 205\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRicha Sharma, Ravi S. Manhas and Asha Chaubey\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Non-Ribosomal Peptides as Natural Products 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Non-Ribosomal Peptides as Drugs 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 NRPS Machinery 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Catalytic Domains of NRPSs 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Adenylation (A) Domains 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Thiolation (T) or PCP Domains 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Condensation (C) Domains 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Thioesterase (Te) Domains 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Types of NRPS 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Type A (Linear NRPS) 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Type B (Iterative NRPS) 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Type C (Non-linear NRPS) 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Working of NRPSs 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Priming Thiolation Domain of NRPS 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Substrate Recognition and Activation 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Peptide Bond Formation between NRP Monomers 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.4 Chain Termination of NRP Synthesis 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.5 NRP Tailoring 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Sources of NRPs 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Production of Non-Ribosomal Peptides 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Future Scope 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Enzymes as Therapeutic Agents in Human Disease Management 225\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBabbal, Adivitiya, Shilpa Mohanty and Yogender Pal Khasa\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Pancreatic Enzymes 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Pancreatic Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Amylases (EC 3.2.1.1) 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Oncolytic Enzymes 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 L-Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 L-Glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Arginine Deiminase (ADI) (EC 3.5.3.6) 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Antidiabetic Enzymes 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Glucokinase (EC2.7.1.1)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Liver Enzymes 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1) 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (EC 3.1.3.1) 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Kidney Disorder 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Uricase (EC 1.7.3.3) 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Urease (EC 3.5.1.5) 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 DNA- and RNA-Based Enzymes 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Dornase 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 Adenosine Deaminase 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.3 Ribonuclease 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Enzymes for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.1 The Hemostatic System 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.2 Enzymes of the Hemostatic System 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Lysosomal Storage Disorders 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.1 α-Galactosidase A (EC 3.2.1.22) 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.2 Glucocerebrosidase (EC 3.2.1.45) 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.3 Acid Alpha-Glucosidase (GAA) (EC 3.2.1.20) 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.4 α-L-iduronidase (Laronidase) (EC 3.2.1.76) 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Miscellaneous Enzymes 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.1 Phenylalanine Hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.1) 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.2 Collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.3 Hyaluronidase 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.4 Bromelain 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Conclusions 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Erythritol: A Sugar Substitute 265\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKanti N. Mihooliya, Jitender Nandal, Himanshu Verma and Debendra K. Sahoo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Background of Erythritol 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 History of Erythritol 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Occurrence of Erythritol 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4 General Characteristics 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Chemical and Physical Properties of Erythritol 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Estimation of Erythritol 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Colorimetric Assay for Detection of Polyols 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Production Methods for Erythritol 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Chemical Methods for Erythritol Production 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Fermentative Methods for Erythritol Production 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Optimization of Erythritol Production 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 One Factor at a Time 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Statistical Design Approaches 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Toxicology of Erythritol 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Applications of Erythritol 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1 Confectioneries 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2 Bakery 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.3 Pharmaceuticals 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.4 Cosmetics 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.5 Beverages 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Precautions for Erythritol Usage 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Global Market for Erythritol 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Conclusions 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Sugar and Sugar Alcohols: Xylitol 285\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBhumica Agarwal and Lalit Kumar Singh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Lignocellulosic Biomass 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Properties of Xylitol 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 Occurrence and Production of Xylitol 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Biomass Conversion Process 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Pretreatment Methodologies 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Detoxification Techniques 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Utilization of Xylose 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Microorganisms Utilizing Xylose 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Metabolism of Xylose 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Process Variables 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Temperature and pH 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Substrate Concentration 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Aeration 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Trehalose: An Anonymity Turns Into Necessity 309\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eManali Datta and Dignya Desai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Trehalose Metabolism Pathways 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Physicochemical Properties and its Biological Significance 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Trehalose Production 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Enzymatic Conversion to Trehalose 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Microbe Mediated Fermentation 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Purification and Detection of Trehalose in Fermentation Process 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Application of Trehalose 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Role of Trehalose in Food Industries 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 Role of Trehalose in Cosmetics and Pharmaceutics 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Conclusions 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Production of Yeast Derived Microsomal Human CYP450 Enzymes (Sacchrosomes) in High Yields, and Activities Superior to Commercially Available Microsomal Enzymes 323\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eIbidapo Stephen Williams and Bhabatosh Chaudhuri\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.1 Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Enzymes in Humans 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2 Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and their Role in Drug Metabolism 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.3 Requirement of Activating Proteins to Form Functional Human CYP Enzymes 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.4 Use of Yeast Biased Codons for the Syntheses of Human Cytochrome P450 Genes 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.5 Expression of Human CYP Genes in Baker’s Yeast from an Episomal Plasmid 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.6 Expression of Human CYP Genes in Baker’s Yeast from Integrative Plasmids 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.7 The \u003ci\u003eADH2 \u003c\/i\u003ePromoter for Production of Human CYP Enzymes in Baker’s Yeast 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.8 Growth of Yeast Cells Containing Integrated Copies of CYP Gene Expression Cassettes, Driven by the \u003ci\u003eADH2 \u003c\/i\u003ePromoter, for Production of CYP Enzymes 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Amounts of Microsomal CYP Enzyme Isolated from Yeast Strains Containing Chromosomally Integrated CYP Gene Expression Cassettes are far Higher than Strains Harbouring an Episomal Expression Plasmid Encoding a CYP Gene 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Preparation of Microsomal CYP Enzymes 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Measurement of the Amounts of Functional CYPs in Microsomes Isolated from Baker’s Yeast 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Production of Functional Human CYP1A2 Microsomal Enzyme from Baker’s Yeast 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4 Production of Functional Human CYP3A4 Microsomal Enzyme from Baker’s Yeast 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5 Production of Functional Human CYP2D6 Microsomal Enzyme from Baker’s Yeast 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.6 Production of Functional Human CYP2C19 Microsomal Enzyme from Baker’s Yeast 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.7 Production of Functional Human CYP2C9 Microsomal Enzyme from Baker’s Yeast 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.8 Production of Functional Human CYP2E1 Microsomal Enzyme from Baker’s Yeast 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.9 Comments on the Production of Human CYP Enzymes from Baker’s Yeast 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Comparison of CYP Enzyme Activity of Yeast-Derived Microsomes (Sacchrosomes) with Commercially Available Microsomes Isolated from Insect and Bacterial Cells 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Fluorescence-based Assays for Determining CYP Enzyme Activities in Isolated Microsomes 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Comparison of Enzyme Activity of CYP1A2 Sacchrosomes with Commercially Available CYP1A2 Microsomes Isolated from Insect and Bacterial Cells 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3 Comparison of Enzyme Activity of CYP2C9 Sacchrosomes with Those of Commercially Available CYP2C9 Microsomes from Insect and Bacterial Cells 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.4 Comparison of Enzyme Activity of CYP2C19 Sacchrosomes with Those of Commercially Available CYP2C19 Microsomes from Insect and Bacterial Cells 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.5 Comparison of Enzyme Activity of CYP2D6 Sacchrosomes with Those of Commercially Available CYP2D6 Microsomes from Insect and Bacterial Cells 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.6 Comparison of Enzyme Activity of CYP3A4 Sacchrosomes with Those of Commercially Available CYP3A4 Microsomes from Insect and Bacterial Cells 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.7 Comparison of Enzyme Activity of CYP2E1 Sacchrosomes with One of the Commercial CYP2E1 Microsomes Available from Insect Cells 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 IC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c\/sub\u003e Values of Known CYP Inhibitors Using Sacchrosomes, Commercial Enzymes and HLMs 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Stabilisation of Sacchrosomes through Freeze-drying 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Conclusions 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Artemisinin: A Potent Antimalarial Drug 347\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlok Malaviya, Karan Malhotra, Anil Agarwal and Katherine Saikia\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Biosynthesis of Artemisinin in \u003ci\u003eArtemisia annua \u003c\/i\u003eand Pathways Involved 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Yield Enhancement Strategies in \u003ci\u003eA. annua \u003c\/i\u003e351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Artemisinin Production Using Heterologous Hosts 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Microbial Engineering 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Plant Metabolic Engineering 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Spread of Artemisinin Resistance 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Challenges in Large-Scale Production 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Future Prospects 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Microbial Production of Flavonoids: Engineering Strategies for Improved Production 365\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAravind Madhavan, Raveendran Sindhu, KB Arun, Ashok Pandey, Parameswaran Binod and Edgard Gnansounou\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Flavonoids 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Flavonoid Chemistry and Classes 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Health Benefits of Flavonoids 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Microorganism 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Engineering of Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Metabolic Engineering Strategies 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Applications of Synthetic Biology in Flavonoid Production 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Post-modification of Flavonoids 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.10 Purification of Flavonoids 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.11 Conclusion 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Astaxanthin: Current Advances in Metabolic Engineering of the Carotenoid 381\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eManmeet Ahuja, Jayesh Varavadekar, Mansi Vora, Piyush Sethia, Harikrishna Reddy and Vidhya Rangaswamy\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.1 Structure of Astaxanthin 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.2 Natural vs. Synthetic Astaxanthin 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.3 Uses and Market of Astaxanthin 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Pathway of Astaxanthin 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Bacteria 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2 Algae 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.3 Yeast 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.4 Plants 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Challenges\/Current State of the Art in Fermentation\/Commercial Production 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Metabolic Engineering for Astaxanthin 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.1 Bacteria 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.2 Plants 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.3 Synechocystis 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.4 Algae 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.5 Yeast 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Future Prospects 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Exploitation of Fungal Endophytes as Bio-factories for Production of Functional Metabolites through Metabolic Engineering; Emphasizing on Taxol Production 401\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSanjog Garyali, Puja Tandon, M. Sudhakara Reddy and Yong Wang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Taxol: History and Clinical Impact 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Endophytes 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1 Biodiversity of Endophytes 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2 Endophyte vs. Host Plant: the Relationship 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 The Plausibility of Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) Hypothesis 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Endophytes as Biological Factories of Functional Metabolites 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Taxol Producing Endophytic Fungi 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Molecular Basis of Taxol Production by \u003ci\u003eTaxus \u003c\/i\u003ePlants (Taxol Biosynthetic Pathway) 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Metabolic Engineering for Synthesis of Taxol: Next Generation Tool 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.1 Plant Cell Culture 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.2 Microbial Metabolic Engineering for Synthesis of Taxol and Its Precursors 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.3 Metabolic Engineering in Heterologous Plant for Synthesis of Taxol and Its Precursors 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9 Future Perspectives 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 431\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738359771479,"sku":"9781119460015","price":187.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119460015.jpg?v=1723811972"},{"product_id":"organic-syntheses-volume-94-9781119511946","title":"Organic Syntheses Volume 94","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe current volume continues the tradition of the Organic Syntheses series, providing carefully checked and edited experimental procedures that describe important synthetic methods, transformations, reagents, and synthetic building blocks or intermediates with demonstrated utility in organic synthesis. These significant and interesting procedures should prove worthwhile to many synthetic chemists working in increasingly diverse areas. A trusted guide for professionals in organic and medicinal chemistry in academia, government, and industries, including pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, agrochemicals, and biotechnological products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreparation of Aryl Alkyl Ketenes 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNicholas D. Staudaher, Joseph Lovelace, Michael P. Johnson, and Janis Louie\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreparation of Diisopropylammonium Bis(catecholato)cyclohexylsilicate 16\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKingson Lin, Christopher B. Kelly, Matthieu Jouffroy, and Gary A.Molander\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eContinuous Flow Hydration of Pyrazine-2-carbonitrile in a Manganese Dioxide Column Reactor 34\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eClaudio Battilocchio, Shing-Hing Lau, Joel M. Hawkins, and Steven V. Ley\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eSite-Selective C-H Fluorination of Pyridines and Diazines with AgF\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e 46\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePatrick S. Fier and John F. Hartwig\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSite-Selective C-H Fluorination of Pyridines and Diazines with AgF2 46\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePatrick S. Fier and John F. Hartwig\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUgi Multicomponent Reaction 54\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAndré Boltjes, Haixia Liu, Haiping Liu, and Alexander Dömling\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePalladium-catalyzed External-CO-Free Reductive Carbonylation of Bromoarenes 66\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHideyuki Konishi, Masataka Fukuda, Tsuyoshi Ueda, and Kei Manabe\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePractical Syntheses of [2,2′-bipyridine]\u003ci\u003ebis\u003c\/i\u003e[3,5-difluoro-2- [5-(trifluoromethyl)-2 pyridinyl]phenyl]iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate, [Ir{dF(CF3)ppy}2(bpy)]PF6 and [4,4′-\u003ci\u003ebis\u003c\/i\u003e (tert-butyl) 2,2′-bipyridine]\u003ci\u003ebis\u003c\/i\u003e[3,5-difluoro-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]phenyl]iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate, [Ir{dF(CF\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e)ppy}\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e (dbbpy)]PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e 77\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMartins S. Oderinde and Jeffrey W. Johannes \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(Z)-Enol \u003ci\u003ep\u003c\/i\u003e-Tosylate Derived from Methyl Acetoacetate: A Useful Cross-coupling Partner for the Synthesis of Methyl (\u003ci\u003eZ\u003c\/i\u003e)-3-Phenyl (or Aryl)-2-butenoate 93\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYuichiro Ashida, Hidefumi Nakatsuji, and Yoo Tanabe\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSynthesis of Allenyl Mesylate by a Johnson-Claisen Rearrangement. Preparation of 3-(((tert-butyldiphenyl- silyl)oxy)methyl)penta-3,4-dien-1-yl methanesulfonate 109\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJoseph E. Burchick. Jr., Sarah M. Wells, and Kay M. Brummond\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRhodium(I)-catalyzed Allenic Pauson–Khand Reaction 123\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJoseph E. Burchick. Jr., Sarah M. Wells, and Kay M. Brummond\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDirhodium (II) tetrakis[N-4-bromo-1,8-naphthoyl-(S)-\u003ci\u003etert\u003c\/i\u003e-leucinate] 136\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHélène Lebel, Henri Piras, and Johan Bartholoméüs\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eButa-2,3-dien-1-ol 153\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHongwen Luo, Dengke Ma, and Shengming Ma\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFragment Coupling and Formation of Quaternary Carbons by Visible-Light Photoredox Catalyzed Reaction of \u003ci\u003etert\u003c\/i\u003e-Alkyl Hemioxalate Salts and Michael Acceptors 167\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eChristopher R. Jamison, Yuriy Slutskyy, and Larry E. Overman\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eN-\u003c\/i\u003eMethoxy\u003ci\u003e-N-\u003c\/i\u003emethylcyanoformamide 184\u003ci\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJeremy Nugent and Brett D. Schwartz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4-Cyano-2-methoxybenzenesulfonyl Chloride 198\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eElliott D. Bayle, Niall Igoe, and Paul V. Fish\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreparation of \u003ci\u003eN\u003c\/i\u003e-Trifluoromethylthiosaccharin: A Shelf-Stable Electrophilic Reagent for Trifluoromethylthiolation 217\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJiansheng Zhu, Chunhui Xu, Chunfa Xu, and Qilong Shen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHomologation of Boronic Esters with Lithiated Epoxides 234\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRoly J. Armstrong and Varinder K. Aggarwal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAsymmetric Michael Reaction of Aldehydes and Nitroalkenes 252\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYujiro Hayashi and Shin Ogasawara\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreparation of \u003ci\u003eanti\u003c\/i\u003e-1,3-Amino Alcohol Derivatives Through an Asymmetric Aldol-Tishchenko Reaction of Sulfinimines 259\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePamela Mackey, Rafael Cano, Vera M. Foley, and Gerard P. McGlacken\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRhenium-Catalyzed \u003ci\u003eortho\u003c\/i\u003e-Alkylation of Phenols 280\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYoichiro Kuninobu, Masaki, Yamamoto, Mitsumi Nishi, Tomoyuki Yamamoto, Takashi Matsuki, Masahito Murai, and Kazuhiko Takai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnantioselective Preparation of 5-Oxo-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl phenylacetate via organocatalytic Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation (DyKAT) 292\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eTamas Benkovics, Adrian Ortiz, Gregory L. Beutner, and Chris Sfouggatakis\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreparation of Sodium Heptadecyl Sulfate (\u003ci\u003eTergitol-7i\u003c\/i\u003e) 303\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBrent A. Banasik and Mansour Samadpour\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCatalytic Enantioselective Addition of Diethyl Phosphite to N-Thiophosphinoyl Ketimines: Preparation of (\u003ci\u003eR\u003c\/i\u003e)-Diethyl (1-Amino-1-phenylethyl)phosphonate 313\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShaoquan Lin, Yasunari Otsuka, Liang Yin, Naoya Kumagai, and Masakatsu Shibasaki\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWater-promoted, Open-flask Synthesis of Amine-boranes: 2-Methylpyridine-borane (2-Picoline-borane) 332\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAmeya S. Kulkarni and P. Veeraraghavan Ramachandran\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreparation of N-Sulfinyl Aldimines using Pyrrolidine as Catalyst \u003ci\u003evia\u003c\/i\u003e Iminium Ion Activation 346\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSara Morales, Alfonso García Rubia, Eduardo Rodrigo, José Luis Aceña, José Luis García Ruano, and M. Belén Cid\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSynthesis of \u003ci\u003eN\u003c\/i\u003e-Boc-\u003ci\u003eN\u003c\/i\u003e-Hydroxymethyl-L-phenylalaninal 358\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJae Won Yoo, Youngran Seo, Dongwon Yoo, and Young Gyu Kim\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSynthesis of Methyl \u003ci\u003etrans\u003c\/i\u003e-Oxazolidine-5-carboxylate, a Chiral Synthon for threo-β-Amino-α-hydroxy Acid 372\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYoungran Seo, Jae Won Yoo, Yoonjae Lee, Boram Lee, Bonghyun Kim, and Young Gyu Kim\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreparation of Benzyl((\u003ci\u003eR\u003c\/i\u003e)-2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-2-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)acetyl)-D-phenylalaninate using Umpolung Amide Synthesis 388\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMatthew T. Knowe, Sergey V. Tsukanov, and Jeffrey N. Johnston\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738360951127,"sku":"9781119511946","price":146.66,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119511946.jpg?v=1723811976"},{"product_id":"fundamentals-of-drug-development-9781119691693","title":"Fundamentals of Drug Development","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFundamentals of DRUG DEVELOPMENT Enables readers to understand the process of pharmaceutical research, its regulatory basis, and how it fits into the global healthcare environment This book discusses how to conduct pharmaceutical research and the context for how the industry fits into global healthcare. Holistically, the well-qualified author helps readers and students of drug development appreciate the time and expense of the process. Specifically, the work identifies the emerging trends shaping the future of drug development, along with important related topics like generic drugs, data sharing, and collaboration.    To aid in seamless reader comprehension, the book includes a glossary of terms and a self-assessment quiz for each chapter at the end. PowerPoint slides are also available as an online ancillary for adopting professors. Sample topics covered in the book include: Drug development and its phasesDecision-making processes, drug development milestones, and compound progression\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface and Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 1: The History of Drug Development\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 2: The Modern Pharmaceutical Industry: Big and Small Pharma, Biotechnology Companies, and Generic Drug Makers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 3: Legal Considerations, Intellectual Property, Patents and Patent Protection\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 4: The Global Regulatory Landscape\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 5: Phases of Drug Development: Old and New Paradigms\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 6: Discovery \/ Preclinical\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 7: Phase I\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 8: Phase II\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 9: Phase III\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 10: Phase IV, Special Populations and Post Marketing Commitments\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 11: Role and Function of Project Teams\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 12: Compound Progression and Go \/ No Go Criteria\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 13: Regulatory Milestones and the Submission Process\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 14: Life Cycle Management\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 15: Formulation Development\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 16: Chemistry and Manufacturing (CMC)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 17: Health Economics and the Healthcare Industry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 18: Current State of Affairs: Attrition Rates and Evolving Corporate Strategies\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 19: Medical Devices\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 20: Distribution and the Supply Chain\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 21: Sales, Marketing and Advertising\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 22: Generic Drugs and the Generic Industry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 23: The Generic Approval Process\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 24: Data Sharing and Collaboration\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 25: The Future of the Pharmaceutical Industry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Self-Assessments and Quiz\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738364293463,"sku":"9781119691693","price":78.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119691693.jpg?v=1723811979"},{"product_id":"introduction-to-cosmetic-formulation-and-technology-9781119709770","title":"Introduction to Cosmetic Formulation and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction to Cosmetic Formulation and Technology An accessible and practical review of cosmetics and OTC drug-cosmetic products In the newly revised second edition of Introduction to Cosmetic Formulation and Technology, veteran educator and researcher Dr. Gabriella Baki delivers a comprehensive discussion of cosmetics and personal care products, including coverage of basic concepts, ingredient selection, formulation technology, and testing. The book offers a clear and easy-to-understand review of cosmetics and over the counter (OTC) drug-cosmetic products available in the United States. In this latest edition, the author expands on general concepts and adds brand-new chapters on the basics of cosmetics testing, ingredients, and skin lightening products. Each chapter includes a summary of common abbreviations with questions provided online, alongside a solutions manual for instructors. Readers will also find:  A thorough introduction to the basic definitions, claims, and classificati\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthor Biography xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xxvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xxix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 1 General Concepts 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Basic Definitions. Claims. Classification of Cosmetics and OTC Drug–Cosmetic Products 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 What Is Cosmetic Science? 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Basic Definitions 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 How is a Product’s Intended Use Established in the US? 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Classification of Cosmetics and OTC Drug–Cosmetic Products 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Cosmetic Claims 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 A Special Category: Soap 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Cosmetic Ingredients and Active Ingredients Used in OTC Drug–Cosmetic Products 33\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Cosmetic Ingredients 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Active Ingredients 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Product forms for Cosmetics and OTC Drug–Cosmetic Products 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 What is a Product Form? 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Product Forms for Cosmetic Applications 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Government and Independent Organizations in the Cosmetic Industry 81\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Food and Drug Administration 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Personal Care Product Council 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Federal Trade Commission 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 National Advertising Division 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Environmental Protection Agency 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 International Fragrance Association (IFRA) 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 European Commission 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 Cosmetics Europe – the Personal Care Association 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Current Rules and Regulations for Cosmetics and OTC Drug–Cosmetic Products in the United States and European Union 93\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Regulation in the US 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Regulation in the EU 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Cosmetic Good Manufacturing Practices 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Cosmetic Good Manufacturing Practices 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Labeling Tutorial for Cosmetics and OTC Drug–Cosmetic Products Marketed in the United States. INCI Names 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Cosmetic Products 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 OTC Drug–Cosmetic Products 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 INCI Naming 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Do You Know the Exact Composition of a Cosmetic Product or OTC Drug–Cosmetic Product? 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Testing of Cosmetics and OTC Drug–Cosmetic Products 141\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Product Development Cycle 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Product Testing 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 2 Skin Care Products 161\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Skin Anatomy and Physiology 163\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Structure and Function of Human Skin 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Main Characteristics of Human Skin 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Skin Cleansing Products 183\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Types and Definition of Skin Cleansing Products 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 History of Using Skin Cleansing Products 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 How Skin Cleansers May Affect the Skin 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Basic Concepts of Skin Cleansing Products 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Typical Ingredients and Formulation of Skin Cleansing Products 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Considerations When Selecting Skin Cleansing Products 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Typical Quality Problems of Skin Cleansing Products 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Evaluation of Skin Cleansing Products 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12 Packaging of Skin Cleansing Products 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Skin Moisturizing Products 243\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Types and Definition of Skin Moisturizers 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 History of Using Skin Moisturizers 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 How Skin Moisturizers May Affect the Skin 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Typical Ingredients and Formulation of Skin Moisturizers 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Product Types 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Considerations When Selecting Skin Moisturizers 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Typical Quality Issues of Skin Moisturizer Formulations 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Evaluation of Skin Moisturizing Products 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Packing of Skin Moisturizers 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcronyms 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Products for Aging 275\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Changes in Skin Structure and Function During Aging 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Drug or Cosmetic? 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Typical Ingredients Used in Topical Antiaging Products 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Formulation Considerations of Topical Antiaging Products 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Formulation Challenges of Common Antiaging Ingredients 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Safety Concerns Regarding the Use of Topical Noninvasive Antiaging Ingredients 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Packing of Antiaging Products 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Products for Acne 301\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Pilosebaceous Unit 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Development of Acne 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Symptoms and Types of Acne Vulgaris 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Treatment of Acne Vulgaris 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Formulation Considerations 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Packaging of Anti-Acne Products 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Skin Lightening Products 323\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Skin Color and Production of Melanin 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Common Hyperpigmention Lesions 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 History of Using Skin Lightening Products 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Drug or Cosmetic? 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 How Skin Lightening Products May Affect the Skin 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Typical Ingredients used in Skin Lightening Products 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 Formulation Considerations and Challenges for Topical Skin Lightening Products 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10 Important Considerations When Using Skin Lightening Products 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.11 Typical Quality Issues of Skin Lightening Formulations 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12 Evaluation of Skin Lightening Products 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.13 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.14 Packaging of Skin Lightening Products 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Sun Care Products 347\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Sun Protection Basics 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Effects of UV Radiation on the Human Body 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Types and Definition of Sun Care Products 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 History of Using Sun Care Products 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Sunscreens 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 After-Sun Products 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 Typical Quality Problems of Sun Care Products 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.10 Evaluation of Sun Care Products 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.11 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.12 Packaging of Sun Care Products 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 3 Hair Care Products 393\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Hair Anatomy And Physiology 395\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Structure and Function of Human Hair 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Main Characteristics of Human Hair 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Hair Cleansing and Conditioning Products 413\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Types and Definition of Hair Cleansing and Conditioning Products 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 History of Using Hair Cleansing and Conditioning Products 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 How Hair Cleaning and Conditioning Products May Affect the Hair and Scalp 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Hair Cleansing Products 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Hair Conditioners 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.8 Typical Quality Issues of Hair Cleansing and Conditioning Products 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.9 Evaluation of Hair Cleansing and Conditioning Products 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.10 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.11 Packaging of Hair Cleansing and Conditioning Products 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Hair Styling Products Hair Straightening Products and Hair Waving Products 439\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Types and Definition of Hair Styling Hair Straightening and Hair Waving Products 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 History of Using Hair Styling Hair Waving and Hair Straightening Products 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 How Hair Styling Products and Procedures May Affect the Hair and Scalp 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Hair Styling Products 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Hair Styling Procedures 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Typical Quality Issues of Hair Styling Hair Waving and Hair Straightening Products 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9 Evaluation of Hair Styling Hair Waving  and Hair Straightening Products 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.10 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.11 Packaging of Hair Styling Hair Waving and Hair Straightening Products 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Hair Coloring Products 475\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Types and Definition of Hair Coloring Products 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 History of Using Hair Coloring Products 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 How Hair Coloring Products May Affect the Scalp and Hair 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Current US Regulation of Hair Dyes 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Types Typical Ingredients and Formulation of Hair Coloring Products 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8 Typical Quality Issues of Hair Coloring Products 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9 Evaluation of Hair Coloring Products 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.10 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.11 Packaging of Hair Coloring Products 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of terms 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 4 Color Cosmetics 497\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Lip Makeup Products 499\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Anatomy and Physiology of Human Lips 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 History of Using Lip Makeup Products 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Types and Definition of Lip Makeup Products 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 How Lip Makeup Products May Affect the Lips 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 Typical Ingredients of Lip Makeup Products 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8 Common Types of Lip Makeup Products 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9 Formulation of Lip Makeup Products 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.10 Typical Quality Issues of Lip Makeup Products 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.11 Evaluation of Lip Makeup Products 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.12 Ingredient Causing Safety Concerns 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.13 Packaging of Lip Makeup Products 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Eye Makeup Products 525\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Anatomy and Physiology of Human Eyelids and Eyelashes 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 History of Using Eye Makeup Products 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Types and Definition of Eye Makeup Products 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 How Eye Makeup Products May Affect the Eye Area 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7 Typical Ingredients and Formulation of Eye Makeup Products 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.8 Typical Quality Issues of Eye Makeup Products 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.9 Evaluation of Eye Makeup Products 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.10 Safety Testing of Eye Cosmetics 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.11 Packaging of Eye Makeup Products 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Facial Makeup Products 553\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Introduction 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Types and Definition of Facial Makeup Products 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 History of Using Facial Makeup Products 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 How Facial Makeup Products May Affect the Skin 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Typical Ingredients and Formulation of Facial Makeup Products 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 Typical Quality Issues of Facial Makeup Products 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.8 Evaluation of Facial Makeup Products 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.9 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.10 Packaging of Facial Makeup Products 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Nail Care Products 575\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Introduction 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Anatomy and Physiology of Human Nails 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 History of Using Nail Care Products 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Types and Definition of Nail Care Products 580\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 How Nail Care Products May Affect the Human Nails 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.7 Functional Nail Care Products 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.8 Decorative Nail Care Products 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.9 Nail Polish Removers 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.10 Typical Quality Issues of Nail Care Products 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.11 Evaluation of Nail Care Products 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.12 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.13 Packaging of Nail Care Products 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 5 Additional Personal Care Products 607\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Oral and Dental Care Products 609\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Introduction 611\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Oral Cavity 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Review of the Most Common Oral and Dental Care Problems 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 History of Using Oral and Dental Care Products 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Types and Definition of Oral and Dental Care Products 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6 How Oral and Dental Care Products May Affect the Teeth and the Oral Cavity 619\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8 Typical Ingredients and Formulation of Oral and Dental Care Products 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 640\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 642\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 Hair Removal Products 647\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Introduction 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Review of the Structure and Function of Human Hair 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 History of Using Hair Removal Methods 651\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Possible Methods for Removing Hair 652\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5 Types and Definition of Hair Removal Products 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.6 How Hair Removal Products May Affect the Skin and Hair 657\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.7 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.8 Types Typical Ingredients  and Formulation of Hair Removal Products 660\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.9 Typical Quality Issues of Hair Removal Products 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.10 Evaluation of Hair Removal Products 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.11 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 672\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.12 Packaging of Hair Removal Products 673\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 673\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 674\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 674\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 Deodorants and Antiperspirants 677\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 678\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Introduction 679\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 Anatomy and Physiology of Human Sweat Glands 679\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Types and Definition of Products Reducing Body Odor 682\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4 History of Using Deodorants and Antiperspirants 683\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5 How Deodorants and Antiperspirants May Affect the Human Skin and Body 684\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.6 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.7 The Mechanism of Action of Deodorant and Antiperspirant Ingredients 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.8 Most Common Product Forms of Deodorants and Antiperspirants 687\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.9 Formulation of Deodorant and Antiperspirant Products 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.10 Typical Quality Issues of Deodorants and Antiperspirants 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.11 Evaluation of Deodorants and Antiperspirants 694\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.12 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.13 Packaging of Deodorants and Antiperspirants 698\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 699\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27 Baby Care Products 705\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 705\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 706\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 Introduction 707\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 Anatomical and Physiological Differences Between Baby and Adult Skin and Hair 707\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 Types and Definition of Baby Care Products 710\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 History of Using Baby Care Products 711\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5 How Baby Care Products May Affect Baby Skin Hair and Eyes 711\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7 Types Typical Ingredients and Formulation of Baby Care Products 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.8 Typical Quality Issues of Baby Care Products 722\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.9 Evaluation of Baby Care Products 722\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.10 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 723\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.11 Packaging of Baby Care Products 724\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 725\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 725\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 726\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28 Feminine Hygiene Products 731\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 731\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 732\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1 Introduction 733\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Genital Area 733\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.3 Types and Definition of Feminine Hygiene Products 736\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.4 History of Using Feminine Hygiene Products 738\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.5 How Feminine Hygiene Products May Affect the Human Body and Female Genital Area 739\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.6 Required Qualities and Characteristics and Consumer Needs 741\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.7 Types Typical Ingredients  and Formulation of Feminine Hygiene Products 741\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.8 Typical Quality Issues of Feminine Hygiene Products 748\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.9 Evaluation of Feminine Hygiene Products 748\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.10 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 749\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.11 Packaging of Feminine Hygiene Products 750\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 751\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 752\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 752\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29 Sunless Tanning Products 757\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 757\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 758\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1 Introduction 758\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2 Types and Definition of Sunless Tanning Products 759\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3 History of Using Sunless Tanning Products 759\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.4 How Sunless Tanners May Affect the Human Body 760\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.5 Required Characteristics and Consumer Needs 762\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.6 Types and Typical Ingredients of Sunless Tanning Products 762\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.7 Formulation Considerations 765\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.8 Typical Quality Problems of Sunless Tanners 767\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.9 Evaluation of Sunless Tanners 767\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.10 Ingredients Causing Safety Concerns 768\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.11 Packaging of Sunless Tanning Products 769\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary of Terms 769\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 770\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 770\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 773\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738364719447,"sku":"9781119709770","price":129.15,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119709770.jpg?v=1723811978"}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/collections\/chemistry.oembed?page=172","provider":"Book 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