{"title":"Bridges Books","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"cornwalls-bridge-and-viaduct-heritage-9780906294581","title":"Cornwalls Bridge and Viaduct Heritage","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Twelveheads Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47836637561175,"sku":"9780906294581","price":6.63,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"brunels-royal-albert-bridge-9780906294734","title":"Brunels Royal Albert Bridge","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Twelveheads Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47836637692247,"sku":"9780906294734","price":16.28,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"ice-manual-of-bridge-engineering-9780727763051","title":"ICE Manual of Bridge Engineering","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe ICE Manual of Bridge Engineering \u003c\/em\u003eis the industry's leading guide to the engineering of all types of bridges. This book has been written by a team of leading experts and contains all of the key topics that any bridge engineer needs to refer to.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Emerald Publishing Limited","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48736397132119,"sku":"9780727763051","price":237.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780727763051.jpg?v=1723810620"},{"product_id":"ice-handbook-of-concrete-durability-9780727763754","title":"ICE Handbook of Concrete Durability","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eICE Handbook of Concrete Durability, second edition is a comprehensive practical reference for professionals involved in design and maintenance of concrete structures of all types. It is an invaluable guide for construction professionals, including design engineers, consultants and contractors, as well as postgraduate students.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntroduction – Design life of Concrete Structures.\u003cbr\u003e Physical and Chemical Deterioration Mechanisms – an overview.\u003cbr\u003e Pore Structure and Transport Processes.\u003cbr\u003e Deterioration Mechanisms – Physical.\u003cbr\u003e - Abrasion resistance,\u003cbr\u003e - Freeze-thaw resistance (frost attack),\u003cbr\u003e - Fire resistance\u003cbr\u003e Deterioration Mechanisms – Chemical\u003cbr\u003e Acid attack.\u003cbr\u003e - Sulphate attack (including hydrogen sulphide attack).\u003cbr\u003e - Alkali-silica reaction\u003cbr\u003e - Steel reinforcement corrosion\u003cbr\u003e Carbonation induced corrosion of steel reinforcement.\u003cbr\u003e Chloride induced corrosion of steel reinforcement.\u003cbr\u003e Durability of non-Portland cement based binders – John Provis\u003cbr\u003e Durability of concretes with recycled demolition aggregate\u003cbr\u003e Durability Performance Tests - evaluating the durability of concrete mixes.\u003cbr\u003e Non-destructive testing and structural health monitoring to assist service life estimates and durability – Sreejith Nanukuttan \u0026amp; P.A. Muhammed Basheer.\u003cbr\u003e Modelling\/Predicting the effects of deterioration mechanisms – to be expanded to include deterministically and probabilistic durability modelling techniques\u003cbr\u003e Construction materials that can be used to improve the durability performance of reinforced concrete structures (Materials selection for improved durability performance).\u003cbr\u003e - Chemical admixtures\u003cbr\u003e - Mineral admixtures.\u003cbr\u003e - Alternative materials for the reinforcement and prestressing of concrete. Construction processes for improved durability.\u003cbr\u003e - Concrete manufacture – Quality Control.\u003cbr\u003e - Specification and achievement of cover to reinforcement.\u003cbr\u003e - Curing of concrete.\u003cbr\u003e - Controlled permeability formwork.\u003cbr\u003e Design aspects that can reduce the risks from deteriorating mechanisms.\u003cbr\u003e Case studies of durability problems - more practical and recent examples of working (or not working).\u003cbr\u003e Repair Methods.\u003cbr\u003e Issues related to performance-based specifications for concrete\u003cbr\u003e Advances in durability design and performance-based specification\u003cbr\u003e Durability Design and Performance Based Specification of Concrete (EN206 Annex J) - more practical advice of how to get things done with “dos and don’ts”. (to combine above two into one chapter with more specific information relating to EN 206 and BS 8500).\u003cbr\u003e Service life design and whole life costing - Prof Evan Bentz\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Emerald Publishing Limited","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48736397525335,"sku":"9780727763754","price":133.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780727763754.jpg?v=1723810621"},{"product_id":"thames-bridges-9781398109605","title":"Thames Bridges","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA fascinating exploration of the magnificent bridges crossing the River Thames from source to estuary.","brand":"Amberley Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738679390551,"sku":"9781398109605","price":14.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781398109605.jpg?v=1720049867"},{"product_id":"the-forth-bridges-through-time-9781445639994","title":"The Forth Bridges Through Time","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis fascinating selection of photographs traces some of the many ways in which the Forth Bridges have changed and developed over the last century.","brand":"Amberley Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48739276849495,"sku":"9781445639994","price":14.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781445639994.jpg?v=1720051739"},{"product_id":"britains-greatest-bridges-9781445684413","title":"Britains Greatest Bridges","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrom the world-renowned to the minor and the modest take a look at this lavishly illustrated look at some of Britain's best loved and iconic bridges.","brand":"Amberley Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48739296248151,"sku":"9781445684413","price":15.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781445684413.jpg?v=1720051809"},{"product_id":"an-encyclopaedia-of-world-bridges-9781526794468","title":"An Encyclopaedia of World Bridges","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBridges are one of the most important artefacts constructed by man, the structures having had an incalculable effect on the development of trade and civilisation throughout the world. Their construction has led to continuing advances in civil engineering technology, leading to bigger spans and the use of new materials. Their failures, too, whether from an inadequate understanding of engineering principles or as a result of natural catastrophes or warfare, have often caused immense hardship as a result of lost lives or broken communications.  In this book, a sister publication to his earlier An Encyclopaedia of British Bridges (Pen \u0026amp; Sword 2019), David McFetrich gives brief descriptions of some 1200 bridges from more than 170 countries around the world. They represent a wide range of different types of structure (such as beam, cantilever, stayed and suspension bridges). Although some of the pictures are of extremely well-known structures, many are not so widely recognisable and a separate section of the book includes more than seventy lists of bridges with distinctly unusual characteristics in their design, usage and history.","brand":"Pen \u0026 Sword Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48740031430999,"sku":"9781526794468","price":28.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781526794468.jpg?v=1720053703"},{"product_id":"the-bridges-of-robert-adam-a-fanciful-and-picturesque-tour-9781916355477","title":"The Bridges of Robert Adam: A Fanciful and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe bridge has always stood as a transitional structure - not purely a work of engineering, nor simply a work of architecture. Its functional requirements are more stringent than those of the average building; it not only must stand up; it must stand up, support those who cross it, and effectively span the space over which it stands. As Samuel Johnson said, \"the first excellence of a bridge is strength ... for a bridge that cannot stand, however beautiful, will boast its beauty but a little while.\" The Scottish architect Robert Adam (1728-92) understood these precepts well, continually building bridges that were not just structurally sound, but also aesthetically pleasing. Unlike his contemporaries, Adam did not view bridges as mere skeletons upon which to apply ornament. Rather, he sought to achieve architectural totality, incorporating his bridge designs into greater architectural programs, thereby producing aesthetically pleasing and contextually specific designs. From the Pulteney Bridge in Bath to the ruined arch and viaduct at Culzean Castle in Ayrshire, The Bridges of Robert Adam: A Fanciful and Picturesque Tour will take the reader across Britain, shedding new light on an understudied aspect of the great architect's career.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eForeword; Preface; The Bridges; Beginnings; Bridges in Eighteenth-Century Britain; Robert Adam's Estate Bridges; The Pulteney Bridge, Bath; Built and Unbuilt Visions; Dalkeith Palace; Glossary, Endnotes; Bibliography; Index; Acknowledgments; Illustration Credits; Colophon","brand":"Triglyph Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48742838010199,"sku":"9781916355477","price":42.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781916355477.jpg?v=1720063014"},{"product_id":"calatrava-9783836535656","title":"Calatrava","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eSpanish visionary Santiago Calatrava is renowned around the world as an architect, structural engineer, sculptor, and artist. Famed for bridges as much as buildings, he has made his name with neofuturistic structures that combine deft engineering solutions with dramatic visual impact. From the Athens 2004 Olympic sports complex and the Museum of Tomorrow to the Peace Bridge in Calgary, Alamillo Bridge in Seville, and the Mujer Bridge in Buenos Aires, Calatrava’s creations show particular interest in the meeting point of movement and balance. With influences ranging from NASA space design to da Vinci’s nature studies, the structures dazzle with a sense of lightness, agility, and aerodynamism, but always with a graceful poise amid their particular surroundings. This compact introduction explores Calatrava’s unique aesthetic with key projects from his career, from early breakthroughs to his most recent work. Through buildings of culture, science, faith, and across his many famous bridges, we explore his integration of organic forms and human movements, and a uniquely fluid futurism, soaring towards tomorrow.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Taschen GmbH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743156646231,"sku":"9783836535656","price":14.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783836535656.jpg?v=1720064358"},{"product_id":"bridge-hunt-9781398451179","title":"Bridge Hunt","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Austin Macauley Publishers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48885479113047,"sku":"9781398451179","price":17.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781398451179.jpg?v=1722536571"},{"product_id":"bridge-hunt-9781398451162","title":"Bridge Hunt","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Austin Macauley Publishers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48885479178583,"sku":"9781398451162","price":10.79,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781398451162.jpg?v=1722536572"},{"product_id":"durable-coating-systems-for-steel-bridges-9781631171581","title":"Durable Coating Systems for Steel Bridges","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Federal Highway Administration 100-Year Coating Study was initiated in August 2009 to identify coating systems that can provide 100 years of virtually maintenance-free service life at comparable costs to the existing coating systems, even in adverse environments. This book focuses on the study and discusses the performance evaluation of one-coat systems for new steel bridges.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48887101718871,"sku":"9781631171581","price":119.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781631171581.jpg?v=1722543009"},{"product_id":"bridge-research-development-for-30-years-9781634829564","title":"Bridge Research \u0026 Development for 30 Years","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book introduces 53 bridges that the author designed during his period teaching at Dalian University of Technology (1984-2014). The bridges have unique features; some bridges are the first of their kind in China, while the others are the biggest in size. For example, Jinma Bridge is the longest single concrete, single-plane, cable-stayed bridge in the world and Xinghai Bridge is the first double-deck, steel truss suspension bridge being constructed in the Sea of China. Innovation and reasonable structure designs must meet the requirements of applicability, economy, safety, artistic appearance and endurance. Innovation and rational stress are the main concern when considering bridge functionality. Only innovation can make new bridges surpass previously designed bridges. Only rational stress can save materials and reach the requirements of economy, safety and endurance. Teachers, students and engineers engaged in bridge engineering will be inspired from the designing concepts and methods within this book. The author compiles thirty years of work and dedication in the field and shares his discoveries with the readers who are interested in bridge design and functionality.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48887196614999,"sku":"9781634829564","price":195.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781634829564.jpg?v=1722543466"},{"product_id":"john-fowler-benjamin-baker-forth-bridge-opus-18-9783930698189","title":"John Fowler, Benjamin Baker, Forth Bridge: Opus","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen the Forth Bridge opened on 4 March 1890, it was the longest railway bridge in the world and the first large structure made of steel. Crossing the wide Firth of Forth west of Edinburgh in Scotland, it represents one of the greatest engineering triumphs of Victorian Britain, man's victory over the intractable topography of land and water. Not surprisingly, such a vigorous rebuff of the natural order was condemned at the time by those late Victorians who resisted the march of technology, and William Morris described the Bridge as the \"supremest specimen of all ugliness\". In response, Benjamin Baker insisted that its beauty lay in its functional elegance. Contrasting the bridge with the only comparable structure of the period, the Eiffel Tower, he concluded: \"The Eiffel Tower is a foolish piece of work, ugly, ill-proportioned and of no real use to anyone.\" But the beauty and fascination of the Forth Bridge lies not simply in its functional performance, but in its scale and power. Over a mile long and higher than the dome of St. Peter's in Rome, it rivals the natural phenomena that the philosophers of the 18th century identified as sources of sublime beauty. Immanuel Kant pointed to hurricanes, boundless oceans and high waterfalls as objects of sublime contemplation, \"because they raise the forces of the soul above the heights of the vulgar commonplace, and discover within us a power of resistance of quite another kind, which gives us courage to be able to measure ourselves against the seeming omnipotence of nature\". In the 19th century the awe-inspiring feats of nature were rivalled by the inventions of the engineers, and the thrill of the waterfall or the lightning flash was eclipsed by the sight of the roaring locomotive dashing across the majestic span of the Forth Bridge.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1  The Neighbor Nation  a historical and geography overview of the countryChapter 2  A Walk in Time  Ethan and his young friend take a walking tour of Mexico CityChapter 3  Magic in Mexico  Visits to national wonders  the butterfly forest of Rosario and the floating gardens of Xochimilco, which lead to ecological and environmental discussions and activitiesChapter 4  The Past is the Present  A trip to two ancient civilization sites of Teotihaucan and the Mayan Chichen Itza ruinsChapter 5  Coast to Coast  A fun overview of the different coastal cultures in Mexico as our soccer players continue on a trip to the Maya Riviera and CozumelChapter 6  Sport Si!  Back to Mexico City to talk sports  specifically soccer and the traditional and fun sport of Lucha Libre wrestlingChapter 7  Adios  Ethan and his friend say goodbye, exchange gifts, generate a give back charity project and talk about the next Soccer World Adventure! Glossary","brand":"Edition Axel Menges","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48889370476887,"sku":"9783930698189","price":26.1,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783930698189.jpg?v=1722554051"},{"product_id":"britains-coastal-road-bridges-9781398120693","title":"Britains Coastal Road Bridges","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIllustrated with over a hundred colour photographs, this book is an fascinating guide to Britain's coastal road bridges.","brand":"Amberley Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49083889516887,"sku":"9781398120693","price":14.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781398120693.jpg?v=1725550340"},{"product_id":"70-years-of-china-s-bridges-9789819928774","title":"70 Years of China’s Bridges","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book takes time as the axis, selecting 98 bridges (or bridge groups) across the country and 7 representative bridges out of the country, reflecting the steps and development of China's bridge construction in related majors and engineering technicians in colleges and universities. This book aims to let the general public understand the arduous history of China's bridge construction and the rapid development of China's bridge construction without the country's economic development, strength, and hard work of the bridge people. It is also hoped that the public will enjoy the convenience of bridges, highways, railroads, and urban roads and at the same time enhance their awareness of bridge knowledge, knowledge, love, and scientific use of bridges. This book is used by the general public to understand the development of China's bridge construction, but also as a reference book for teachers and students of bridge engineering-related majors and engineering technicians in colleges and universities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 1 The Origin and Development of Bridges.- Chapter 2 Using Foreign Experience for Reference and Laying a Foundation for Further Bridge Development.- Chapter 3 Taking Full Advantage of Local Materials and Innovating in Bridge Technology.- Chapter 4 Learning Advanced Technology and Starting Rising.- Chapter 5 Rapid Development and Becoming a World Power in the Number of Bridges. Chapter 6 Making Technological Breakthrough and Becoming a World Power in Bridge Technology.- Chapter 7 Entering Foreign Lands and Becoming Established on the World Stage.- Chapter 8 Looking Back at the Past whilst Looking Forward to the Future.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Verlag, Singapore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49372754248023,"sku":"9789819928774","price":35.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789819928774.jpg?v=1730164072"},{"product_id":"the-covered-bridges-of-monroe-county-9780253041289","title":"The Covered Bridges of Monroe County","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Indiana University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49400586961239,"sku":"9780253041289","price":18.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780253041289.jpg?v=1730471050"},{"product_id":"dynamics-of-highspeed-railway-bridges-9780415467674","title":"Dynamics of HighSpeed Railway Bridges","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe dynamic behaviour of bridges strongly affects the infrastructure system of high-speed railways, and is a crucial factor in safety issues and passenger comfort. \u003cstrong\u003eDynamics of High-Speed Railway Bridges\u003c\/strong\u003e covers the latest research in this field, including: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Recently developed dynamic analysis techniques;  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Train excitations;\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Design issues for high-speed railway bridges\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Fatigue conduct of viaducts and large span bridges;\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Bridge dynamic behaviour;\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Case studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDynamics of High-Speed Railway Bridges\u003c\/strong\u003e will be invaluable to professionals, scientists, public institutions and students involved in the design, construction and maintenance of high-speed railway bridges.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTable of contents Preface 1 Dynamic behaviour of rail bridges: The train excitation 2 Design issues related to dynamic effects for high speed railway bridges in Spain 3 Dynamics of bridges under moving loads (past, present and future) 4 Experimental verifications of vibration – and fatigue conduct of viaducts and large span bridges, crossed by high-speed trains 5 Last developments of dynamic analysis of bridges under moving train loads 6 Assessment of the dynamic response of high-speed railway bridges in interoperable lines 7 Dynamic behaviour of ballast on railway bridges 8 Dynamic analysis of structures under high speed train loads: case studies in Spain 9 Dynamic calculations of high-speed railway bridges in France – some case studies 10 Recent advances in the understanding of bridge dynamic behaviour on The West Coast Main Line Route Modernisation Project","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402125746519,"sku":"9780415467674","price":148.36,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780415467674.jpg?v=1730479469"},{"product_id":"cable-supported-bridges-9780470666289","title":"Cable Supported Bridges","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFourteen years after its last edition, this work has been significantly updated with corrections and brand new imagery throughout. Since the appearance of the second edition the dynamic response of cable supported bridges has increased in focus, and this development is recognized with a new chapter on dynamic actions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Pleasingly, this book is comprehensively referenced for those wishing to delve into further detail. While not a manual for detailed design, the contents of the book provide a comprehensive knowledge base for students and experienced engineers seeking to expand their understanding of these structures, which themselves continually challenge the boundaries of what is possible.\" (\u003ci\u003eEngineering and Computational Mechanics\u003c\/i\u003e, 11 October 2013)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"The book is well organised into components: cables, pylons and anchorages, and goes into every possible detail ... The book strikes a perfect balance between theory and practice. Professors Gimsing and Georgakis set out to give us an authoritative book about the evolution, trends and technical response of cable-supported bridges, and they have achieved that well.\" (\u003ci\u003eThe Structural Engineer\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 April 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Comprehensively updated to discuss improvements in technology in the fourteen years since its last printing, the third edition of this volume on the theory and design of cable supported bridges provides a detailed, element-by-element discussion of the core principles of suspension bridge design.\" (\u003ci\u003eBook News\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 April 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e“The book strikes a perfect balance between theory and practice.  Professors Gimsing and Georgakis set out to give us an authoritative book about the evolution, trends and technical response of cable-supported bridges, and they have achieved that well.”  (\u003ci\u003eThe Structural Engineer\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 April 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the Third Edition ix  \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Evolution of Cable Supported Bridges 7\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Cables 85\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Basic Types of Cables 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Helical bridge strands (spiral strands) 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Locked-coil strands 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Parallel-wire strands for suspension bridge main cables 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.4 New PWS stay cables 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.5 Parallel-strand stay cables 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.6 Bar stay cables 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.7 Multi-strand stay cables 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.8 Parallel-wire suspension bridge main cables 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.9 Comparison between different cable types 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Corrosion Protection 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Suspension bridge main cables 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Stay cables 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Mechanical Properties 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Static strength 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Relaxation 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Fatigue strength 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Hysteresis of helical strands 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 The Single Cable as a Structural Element 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Transversally loaded cable 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Axially loaded cable 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Static Analysis of Cables 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Equation of state for a cable subjected to vertical load 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Stay cable under varying chord force 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Limit length and efficiency ratio of a stay cable 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Bending of Cables 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Dynamic Behaviour of the Single Cable 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Cable System 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Pure cable systems 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Cable steel quantity comparison 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Stability of the cable system 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Suspension System 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Dead load geometry 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Preliminary cable dimensions 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Quantity of cable steel 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Quantity in the pylon 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Total cost of cable system and pylon 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6 Optimum pylon height 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.7 Size effect 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.8 Structural systems 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Fan System 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Anchor cable 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Preliminary cable dimensions 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Quantity of cable steel 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Quantity in the pylon 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Simplified expressions 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.6 Total cost of cable systems and pylons 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.7 Comparison between suspension and fan system 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.8 Inclined pylons 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.9 Deformational characteristics 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.10 Structural systems 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.11 Reduction of sag variations 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Harp System 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Dead load geometry 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Intermediate supports 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Preliminary cable dimensions 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Quantity of cable steel 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Quantity of the pylon 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.6 Simplified expressions 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.7 Total cost 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.8 Structural systems 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Hybrid Suspension and Cable Stayed System 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Multi-Span Cable System 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 True multi-span cable supported bridges 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Non-traditional multi-span suspension bridges 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Fixing of column-type pylons to piers 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 Triangular pylon structures 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.5 Horizontal tie cable between pylon tops 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.6 Comparison between deflections of different multi-span cable stayed systems 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Cable Systems under Lateral Loading 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Spatial Cable Systems 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Oscillation of Cable Systems 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.1 Global oscillations 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Deck (Stiffening Girder) 287\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Action of the Deck 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Axial stiffness 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Flexural stiffness in the vertical direction 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Flexural stiffness in the transverse direction 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Torsional stiffness 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Supporting Conditions 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Distribution of Dead Load Moments 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 The dead load condition 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Cross Section 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Bridge floor 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Cross section of the deck 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Cross section of stiffening trusses 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Partial Earth Anchoring 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Limit of span length for self-anchored cable stayed bridges 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Axial compression in the deck of the self anchored cable stayed bridge 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Lateral bending of the deck 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Partial earth anchoring of a cable stayed bridge 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5 Improving the lateral stability 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.6 Construction procedure for partially earth anchored cable stayed bridges 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Pylons 353\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Structural Behaviour of the Pylon 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Pylons Subjected Primarily to Vertical Forces from the Cable System 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Pylons Subjected to Longitudinal Forces from the Cable System 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Cross Section 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Cable Anchorage and Connection 413\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Anchoring of the Single Strand 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Connection between Cable and Deck 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Connection between Main Cable and Hanger 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Connection between Cable and Pylon 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Connection between Cable and Anchor Block 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Erection 463\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Construction of Pylons 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Erection of Suspension Bridge Main Cables 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Erection of Stay Cables 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Deck Erection - Earth Anchored Suspension Bridges 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Deck Erection - Self Anchored Cable Stayed Bridges 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Aerodynamics 517\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Historical Overview 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Nineteenth-century bridge failures 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 The Carmody Board 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.4 The Fyksesund Bridge 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 The Bridge Deck and Pylon 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Torsional divergence 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Coupled flutter 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Buffeting 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Vortex-shedding 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.5 Wind tunnel testing 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.6 During construction 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.7 Effects of vehicles 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.8 Pylon aerodynamics 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.9 Vibration control 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.10 Future trends 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Cables 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Introduction 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Incidences of wind-induced cable vibrations 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Rain-wind-induced vibrations 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Dry galloping 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Scruton number 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.6 Wake galloping 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.7 Aerodynamic countermeasures 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.8 Mechanical damping 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.9 Cable aerodynamic damping 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.10 Cross ties 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Particular Issues 559\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Pedestrian-Induced Vibrations 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Lateral vibrations 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Vertical vibrations 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Serviceability limit states 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.4 Vibration control 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Seismic Design 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Earthquake intensity 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Pylon design 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Deck design 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Foundations 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.5 Seismic analysis 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Structural Health Monitoring 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Equipment 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Snow and Ice Removal and Prevention Systems 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Mechanical removal 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Thermal systems 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Passive protection 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 587\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402396803415,"sku":"9780470666289","price":120.56,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470666289.jpg?v=1730480275"},{"product_id":"bridge-design-9780470843635","title":"Bridge Design","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eA comprehensive guide to bridge design\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBridge Design - Concepts and Analysis\u003c\/i\u003eprovides a unique approach, combining the fundamentals of concept design and structural analysis of bridges in a single volume. The book discusses design solutions from the authors' practical experience and provides insights into conceptual design with concrete, steel or composite bridge solutions as alternatives.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey features:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ePrincipal design concepts and analysis are dealt with in a unified approach.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExecution methods and evolution of the static scheme during construction are dealt with for steel, concrete and composite bridges.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAesthetics and environmental integration of bridges are considered as an issue for concept design.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eBridge analysis, including modelling and detail design aspects, is discussed for different bridge typologies and structural materials.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSpecific design verification aspects are discussed on the basis o\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout the Authors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Generalities 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Definitions and Terminology 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Bridge Classification 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Bridge Typology 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Some Historical References 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Masonry Bridges 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Timber Bridges 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3 Metal Bridges 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.4 Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Bridges 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.5 Cable Supported Bridges 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Bridge Design: Site Data and Basic Conditions 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Design Phases and Methodology 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Basic Site Data 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Generalities 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Topographic Data 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Geological and Geotechnical Data 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Hydraulic Data 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Other Data 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Bridge Location. Alignment, Bridge Length and Hydraulic Conditions 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 The Horizontal and Vertical Alignments 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 The Transverse Alignment 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Elements Integrated in Bridge Decks 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Road Bridges 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1.1 Surfacing and Deck Waterproofing 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1.2 Walkways, Parapets and Handrails 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1.3 Fascia Beams 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1.4 Drainage System 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1.5 Lighting System 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1.6 Expansion Joints 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Railway Decks 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.1 Track System 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.2 Power Traction System (Catenary System) 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.3 Footways, Parapets\/Handrails, Drainage and Lighting Systems 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Actions and Structural Safety 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Types of Actions and Limit State Design 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Permanent Actions 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Highway Traffic Loading – Vertical Forces 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Braking, Acceleration and Centrifugal Forces in Highway Bridges 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Actions on Footways or Cycle Tracks and Parapets, of Highway Bridges 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Actions for Abutments and Walls Adjacent to Highway Bridges 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Traffic Loads for Railway Bridges 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 General 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Load Models 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Braking, Acceleration and Centrifugal Forces in Railway Bridges: Nosing Forces 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Actions on Maintenance Walkways and Earth Pressure Effects for Railway Bridges 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Dynamic Load Effects 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.1 Basic Concepts 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.2 Dynamic Effects for Railway Bridges 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Wind Actions and Aerodynamic Stability of Bridges 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.1 Design Wind Velocities and Peak Velocities Pressures 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.2 Wind as a Static Action on Bridge Decks and Piers 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.3 Aerodynamic Response: Basic Concepts 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.3.1 Vortex Shedding 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11.3.2 Divergent Amplitudes: Aerodynamic Instability 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 Hydrodynamic Actions 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13 Thermal Actions and Thermal Effects 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13.1 Basic Concepts 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13.2 Thermal Effects 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13.3 Design Values 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14 Shrinkage, Creep and Relaxation in Concrete Bridges 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.15 Actions Due to Imposed Deformations. Differential Settlements 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16 Actions Due to Friction in Bridge Bearings 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17 Seismic Actions 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17.1 Basis of Design 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17.2 Response Spectrums for Bridge Seismic Analysis 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.18 Accidental Actions 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.19 Actions During Construction 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.20 Basic Criteria for Bridge Design 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Conceptual Design and Execution Methods 129\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Concept Design: Introduction 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Span Distribution and Deck Continuity 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Span Layout 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Deck Continuity and Expansion Joints 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 The Influence of the Execution Method 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 A Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Deck 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 A Steel‐Concrete Composite Steel Deck 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Concept Design and Execution: Preliminary Conclusions 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Superstructure: Concrete Bridges 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Options for the Bridge Deck 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 The Concrete Material – Main Proprieties 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.1 Concrete 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.2 Reinforcing Steel 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.3 Prestressing Steel 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Slab and Voided Slab Decks 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Ribbed Slab and Slab‐Girder Decks 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.5 Precasted Slab‐Girder Decks 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.6 Box Girder Decks 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Superstructure: Steel and Steel‐Concrete Composite Bridges 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Options for Bridge Type: Plated Structures 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Steels for Metal Bridges and Corrosion Protection 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.1 Materials and Weldability 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.2 Corrosion Protection 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Slab Deck: Concrete Slabs and Orthotropic Plates 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.1 Concrete Slab Decks 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.2 Steel Orthotropic Plate Decks 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Plate Girder Bridges 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4.1 Superstructure Components 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4.2 Preliminary Design of the Main Girders 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4.3 Vertical Bracing System 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4.4 Horizontal Bracing System 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5 Box Girder Bridges 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5.1 General 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5.2 Superstructure Components 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5.3 Pre‐Design of Composite Box Girder Sections 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5.4 Pre‐Design of Diaphragms or Cross Frames 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.6 Typical Steel Quantities 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Superstructure: Execution Methods 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 General Aspects 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Execution Methods for Concrete Decks 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.1 General 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.2 Scaffoldings and Falseworks 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.3 Formwork Launching Girders 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.4 Incremental Launching 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.5 Cantilever Construction 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.6 Precasted Segmental Cantilever Construction 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.7 Other Methods 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Erection Methods for Steel and Composite Bridges 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3.1 Erection Methods, Transport and Erection Joints 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3.2 Erection with Cranes Supported from the Ground 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3.3 Incremental Launching 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3.4 Erection by the Cantilever Method 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3.5 Other Methods 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Substructure: Conceptual Design and Execution Methods 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Elements and Functions 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Bridge Piers 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2.1 Structural Materials and Pier Typology 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2.2 Piers Pre‐Design 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2.3 Execution Method of the Deck and Pier Concept Design 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2.4 Construction Methods for Piers 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Abutments 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3.1 Functions of the Abutments 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3.2 Abutment Concepts and Typology 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4 Bridge Foundations 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4.1 Foundation Typology 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4.2 Direct Foundations 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4.3 Pile Foundations 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4.4 Special Bridge Foundations 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4.5 Bridge Pier Foundations in Rivers 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Aesthetics and Environmental Integration 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Integration and Formal Aspects 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Bridge Environment 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Shape and Function 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Order and Continuity 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Slenderness and Transparency 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Symmetries, Asymmetries and Proximity with Other Bridges 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Piers Aesthetics 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Colours, Shadows, and Detailing 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Urban Bridges 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Superstructure: Analysis and Design 279\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Structural Models 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Deck Slabs 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 General 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Overall Bending: Shear Lag Effects 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Local Bending Effects: Influence Surfaces 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Elastic Restraint of Deck Slabs 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Transverse Prestressing of Deck Slabs 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.6 Steel Orthotropic Plate Decks 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Transverse Analysis of Bridge Decks 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Use of Influence Lines for Transverse Load Distribution 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Transverse Load Distribution Coefficients for Load Effects 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Transverse Load Distribution Methods 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3.1 Rigid Cross Beam Methods: Courbon Method 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3.2 Transverse Load Distribution on Cross Beams 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3.3 Extensions of the Courbon Method: Influence of Torsional Stiffness of Main Girders and Deformability of Cross Beams 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3.4 The Orthotropic Plate Approach 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3.5 Other Transverse Load Distribution Methods 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Deck Analysis by Grid and FEM Models 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Grid Models 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.1 Fundamentals 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.2 Deck Modelling 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.3 Properties of Beam Elements in Grid Models 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.4 Limitations and Extensions of Plane Grid Modelling 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 FEM Models 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2.1 Fundamentals 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2.2 FEM for Analysis of Bridge Decks 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Longitudinal Analysis of the Superstructure 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Generalities – Geometrical Non‐Linear Effects: Cables and Arches 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Frame and Arch Effects 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Effect of Longitudinal Variation of Cross Sections 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4 Torsion Effects in Bridge Decks – Non‐Uniform Torsion 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.5 Torsion in Steel‐Concrete Composite Decks 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.5.1 Composite Box Girder Decks 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.5.2 Composite Plate Girder Decks 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.5.3 Transverse Load Distribution in Open Section Decks 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.6 Curved Bridges 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.6.1 Statics of Curved Bridges 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.6.2 Simply Supported Curved Bridge Deck 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.6.3 Approximate Method 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.6.4 Bearing System and Deck Elongations 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Influence of Construction Methods on Superstructure Analysis 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1 Span by Span Erection of Prestressed Concrete Decks 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2 Cantilever Construction of Prestressed Concrete Decks 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.3 Prestressed Concrete Decks with Prefabricated Girders 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.4 Steel‐Concrete Composite Decks 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Prestressed Concrete Decks: Design Aspects 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Generalities 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 Design Concepts and Basic Criteria 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.3 Durability 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.4 Concept of Partial Prestressed Concrete (PPC) 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.5 Particular Aspects of Bridges Built by Cantilevering 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.6 Ductility and Precasted Segmental Construction 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.6.1 Internal and External Prestressing 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.7 Hyperstatic Prestressing Effects 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.8 Deflections, Vibration and Fatigue 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Steel and Composite Decks 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.1 Generalities 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.2 Design Criteria for ULS 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.3 Design Criteria for SLS 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.3.1 Stress Limitations and Web Breathing 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.3.2 Deflection Limitations and Vibrations 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.4 Design Criteria for Fatigue Limit State 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.5 Web Design of Plate and Box Girder Sections 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.5.1 Web Under in Plane Bending and Shear Forces 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.5.2 Flange Induced Buckling 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.5.3 Webs Under Patch Loading 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.5.4 Webs under Interaction of Internal Forces 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.6 Transverse Web Stiffeners 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.7 Stiffened Panels in Webs and Flanges 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.8 Diaphragms 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Reference to Special Bridges: Bowstring Arches and Cable‐Stayed Bridges 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.1 Generalities 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2 Bowstring Arch Bridges 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2.1 Geometry, Slenderness and Stability 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2.2 Hanger System and Anchorages 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2.3 Analysis of the Superstructure 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.3 Cable‐Stayed Bridges 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.3.1 Basic Concepts 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.3.2 Total and Partial Adjustment Staying Options 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.3.3 Deck Slenderness, Static and Aerodynamic Stability 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.3.4 Stays and Stay Cable Anchorages 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.3.5 Analysis of the Superstructure 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Substructure: Analysis and Design 423\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Distribution of Forces Between Piers and Abutments 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Distribution of a Longitudinal Force 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Action Due to Imposed Deformations 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Distribution of a Transverse Horizontal Force 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Effect of Deformation of Bearings and Foundations 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Design of Bridge Bearings 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Bearing Types 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Elastomeric Bearings 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Neoprene‐Teflon Bridge Bearings 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Elastomeric ‘Pot Bearings’ 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Metal Bearings 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.6 Concrete Hinges 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Reference to Seismic Devices 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Concept 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Seismic Dampers 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Abutments: Analysis and Design 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Actions and Design Criteria 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Front and Wing Walls 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Anchored Abutments 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Bridge Piers: Analysis and Design 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Basic Concepts 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1.1 Pre‐design 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1.2 Slenderness and Elastic Critical Load 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1.3 The Effect of Geometrical Initial Imperfections 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1.4 The Effect of Cracking in Concrete Bridge Piers 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1.5 Bridge Piers as ‘Beam Columns’ 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1.6 The Effect of Imposed Displacements 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1.7 The Overall Stability of a Bridge Structure 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1.8 Design Bucking Length of Bridge Piers 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Elastic Analysis of Bridge Piers 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 Elastoplastic Analysis of Bridge Piers: Ultimate Resistance 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4 Creep Effects on Concrete Bridge Piers 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.5 Analysis of Bridge Piers by Numerical Methods 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.6 Overall Stability of a Bridge Structure 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Design Examples: Concrete and Composite Options 475\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Basic Data and Bridge Options 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Bridge Function and Layout 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Typical Deck Cross Sections 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Piers, Abutments and Foundations 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Materials Adopted 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.1 Prestressed Concrete Deck 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.2 Steel‐concrete Composite Deck 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.5 Deck Construction 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Hazard Scenarios and Actions 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Limit States and Structural Safety 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Actions 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2.1 Permanent Actions and Imposed Deformations 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2.2 Variable Actions 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Prestressed Concrete Solution 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Preliminary Design of the Deck 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Structural Analysis and Slab Checks 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Structural Analysis of the Main Girders 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3.1 Traffic Loads: Transverse and Longitudinal Locations 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3.2 Internal Forces 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3.3 Prestressing Layout and Hyperstatic Effects 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3.4 Influence of the Construction Stages 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4 Structural Safety Checks: Longitudinal Direction 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4.1 Decompression Limit State – Prestressing Design 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4.2 Ultimate Limit States – Bending and Shear Resistance 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Steel–Concrete Composite Solution 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Preliminary Design of the Deck 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Structural Analysis and Slab Design Checks 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Structural Analysis of the Main Girders 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3.1 Traffic Loads Transverse and Longitudinal Positioning 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3.2 Internal Forces 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3.3 Shrinkage Effects 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3.4 Imposed Deformation Effect 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3.5 Influence of the Construction Stages 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 Safety Checks: Longitudinal Direction 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4.1 Ultimate Limit States – Bending and Shear Resistance 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4.2 Serviceability Limit States – Stresses and Crack Widths Control 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnnex A: Buckling and Ultimate Strength of Flat Plates 511\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Critical Stresses and Buckling Modes of Flat Plates 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1.1 Plate Simply Supported along the four Edges and under a Uniform Compression (\u003ci\u003eψ\u003c\/i\u003e = 1) 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1.2 Bending of Long Rectangular Plates Supported at both Longitudinal Edges or with a Free Edge 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1.3 Buckling of Rectangular Plates under Shear 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Buckling of Stiffened Plates 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.1 Plates with One Longitudinal Stiffener at the Centreline under Uniform Compression 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2 Plate with Two Stiffeners under Uniform Compression 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.3 Plates with Three or More Longitudinal Stiffeners 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.4 Stiffened Plates under Variable Compression. Approximate Formulas 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 Post‐Buckling Behaviour and Ultimate Strength of Flat Plates 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3.1 Effective Width Concept 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3.2 Effective Width Formulas 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 525\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402435567959,"sku":"9780470843635","price":82.6,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470843635.jpg?v=1730480387"},{"product_id":"the-final-leap-9780520272408","title":"The Final Leap","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Golden Gate Bridge is one of the most photographed structures in the world. It's also the most deadly. Since it opened in 1937, more than 1,500 people have died jumping off the bridge, making it the top suicide site on earth. This title leads us on a journey that uncovers the reasons for the design decision that led to so many deaths.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"The appearance of the publication of this sensitive and humane apologia signifies the continuing struggle for maturity and depth in an American civilization capable of creating such a breathtaking path of sculptured steel across the entrance to a bay and a city so evocative of life.\" San Francisco Chronicle \"The appearance of the publication of this sensitive and humane apologia signifies the continuing struggle for maturity and depth in an American civilization capable of creating such a breathtaking path of sculptured steel across the entrance to a bay and a city so evocative of life.\" Salt Lake Tribune \"Compelling... The Final Leap is a highly readable book ... [and] is accessible to a wide range of readers.\" -- Tony O'Brien Metapsychology Online Review \"Masterful... It is hard not to be emotionally moved by this relatively slim volume... Gripping, informative, maddening, and saddening.\" -- Daniel S. Weiss Psyccritiques\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e Prologue\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 1. Beauty and Death\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 2. Fatal Decisions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 3. Endless Ripple\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 4. Opening Up\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 5. Surviving the Fall\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 6. In Lieu of a Net\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 7. Guardians of an Icon\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 8. The Barrier Debate\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Epilogue\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Appendices\u003cbr\u003e A. Explaining Suicide\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e B. Help and Resources\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e C. Golden Gate Bridge Suicides\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Bibliography\u003cbr\u003e Index","brand":"University of California Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402856669527,"sku":"9780520272408","price":22.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780520272408.jpg?v=1730481694"},{"product_id":"arch-bridges-9780727720481","title":"Arch Bridges","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis text brings together current knowledge on all aspects of bridge behaviour, covering developments in construction, design, analysis, repair and maintenance. Case histories are used to illustrate the methods used.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeneral  Metal arches  Reinforced concrete arches  Analysis  Computer analysis  Experimental\/load tests  Flat arches  Assessment  Repair and maintenance  New masonry\/mass concrete arches","brand":"Emerald Publishing Limited","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49404117778775,"sku":"9780727720481","price":95.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780727720481.jpg?v=1730485474"},{"product_id":"stress-ribbon-and-cablesupported-pedestrian-bridges-9780727741462","title":"Stress Ribbon and CableSupported Pedestrian","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIllustrated throughout, Stress Ribbon and Cable-Supported Pedestrian Bridges provides numerous international examples and case studies of outstanding structures. This new edition has been fully updated to bring text in to line with Eurocodes and includes new examples and case studies to showcase the advances in design techniques and testing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eForeword 1.\tIntroduction 2.\tStructural systems and members 3.\tDesign criteria 4.\tCable analysis 5.\tEffects of prestressing 6.\tCreep and shrinkage of concrete 7.\tStress ribbon structures 8.\tSuspension structures 9.\tCable stayed structures 10.\tCurved structures 11.\tExamples","brand":"Emerald Publishing Limited","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49404123480407,"sku":"9780727741462","price":117.32,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780727741462.jpg?v=1730485489"},{"product_id":"bridge-design-to-eurocodes-uk-implementation-9780727741509","title":"Bridge Design to Eurocodes UK Implementation","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn enduring record of the UK's Eurocodes implementation for bridge design, with papers written by invited experts who have been at the very heart of Eurocode developments in the UK.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSECTION 1-1:  Overview of Eurocode implementation and programme SECTION 1-2:  EN1990 - Basis of Structural Design SECTION 1-3:  EN1991 - Actions EN1998 - Seismic Design SECTION 1-4:  EN1992 - Concrete SECTION 2-1:  EN1993 - Steel  SECTION 2-2:  EN1994 - Composite EN1995 - Timber  SECTION 2-3:  EN1997 - Geotechnical  SECTION 2-4:  Application  Future developments","brand":"Emerald Publishing Limited","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49404123840855,"sku":"9780727741509","price":146.78,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780727741509.jpg?v=1730485490"},{"product_id":"movable-bridge-design-9780727758040","title":"Movable Bridge Design","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAgainst the background of worldwide development, this book provides a fascinating and comprehensive guide of both past and current approaches to the design of a wide range of movable bridges.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction Movable bridge architecture Traditional superstructure forms Non-traditional superstructure forms Design specifications and standards Materials of construction Material strength and failure Power transmission components Span drive machinery arrangements Stabilizing machinery Structural design Mechanical design Gearing and speed reducer design Hydraulic system design Electrical system design Future trends","brand":"Emerald Publishing Limited","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49404124594519,"sku":"9780727758040","price":124.45,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780727758040.jpg?v=1730485493"},{"product_id":"bridge-construction-equipment-9780727758088","title":"Bridge Construction Equipment","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eBridge Construction Equipment provides exhaustive coverage of new and emerging bridge construction technology and modern construction methods for all bridge professionals looking to save time, labour and costs, reduce risk, and increase the value and quality of projects through mechanized bridge construction.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBridge construction equipment is becoming increasingly more complex and sophisticated. With extensive illustrations, the book explores industry trends for every family of machines and their configurations for operations, loading, kinematics, launch and lock systems, performance, productivity and structure-equipment interaction. Each chapter also includes extensive coverage of deck fabrication.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThrough numerous case studies, the book examines design and operational flaws, as identified by the author throughout his 31 years in the industry, describes the design and procurement of specialist equipment, and provides an outline of technical specifications for easy adapta\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface List of symbols Introduction Launching gantries for precast I-beams Launching gantries for span-by-span erection of precast segments Launching forming systems for span-by-span in-place casting Launching units for balanced cantilever construction Form travellers for segmental casting of the deck slab of composite bridges Placement systems for precast spans Design loads Specific design issues Drafts of technical specifications References\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Emerald Publishing Limited","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49404124692823,"sku":"9780727758088","price":110.68,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780727758088.jpg?v=1730485493"},{"product_id":"bridge-monitoring-9780727760593","title":"Bridge Monitoring","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eBridge Monitoring provides practical guidance on the monitoring of bridges, with a particular focus on the use of sensor technologies and bridge monitoring systems. As vital infrastructure assets, it is important that bridges are monitored effectively to ensure that they continue to be safe, operational and appropriately maintained.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBridge Monitoring:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eprovides a new look at the reasons for, and possible outcomes from, monitoring bridges\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ediscusses how to specify and plan for the instalment of a monitoring system\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eoutlines recent developments in sensor technologies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eincludes a selection of international bridge monitoring case studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart of a series of best practice guides written by experts at the Cambridge Centre for Smart Infrastructure and Construction (CSIC), this book provides valuable information which will be useful to a range of stakeholders involved in the design, construction and management of bridges.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Emerald Publishing Limited","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49404125643095,"sku":"9780727760593","price":79.32,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780727760593.jpg?v=1730485497"},{"product_id":"railway-bridge-maintenance-9780727760654","title":"Railway Bridge Maintenance","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRailway Bridge Maintenance, Second edition\u003c\/em\u003e provides a thorough overview to assist those involved in the maintenance and management of existing railway bridges, dating from the early nineteenth century to the present, that are essential in supporting railway operations.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe second edition has been updated to reflect the current challenges bridge engineers face in assessing conditions and making informed decisions on cost-effective maintenance, repairs, upgrades and replacements. It also provides support to infrastructure engineers and planners who analyse, interpret and make decisions on large populations of bridge structures as part of the long-term planning and preparation of maintenance budgets.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRailway Bridge Maintenance, Second edition:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e is fully updated to reflect the modern methods of asset management, remote condition monitoring and the use of new materials\u003cbr\u003e contains over 80 illustration to provide guidance for common defects\u003cbr\u003e offers a r\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Emerald Publishing Limited","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49404125675863,"sku":"9780727760654","price":73.62,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780727760654.jpg?v=1730485496"},{"product_id":"highway-bridge-management-9780727765543","title":"Highway Bridge Management","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHighway Bridge Management provides the bridge maintenance engineer and bridge manager with key information necessary to effectively manage highway bridges and other structures.","brand":"Emerald Publishing Limited","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49404128952663,"sku":"9780727765543","price":72.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780727765543.jpg?v=1730485507"},{"product_id":"the-george-washington-bridge-poetry-in-steel-9780813594613","title":"The George Washington Bridge Poetry in Steel","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSince opening in 1931, the George Washington Bridge, linking New York and New Jersey, has become the busiest bridge in the world. Many people also consider it the most beautiful. Intimate and engaging, this revised and expanded edition of Michael Rockland's rich narrative presents a range of perspectives on the GWB.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Like the magnificent bridge it honors, this book is graceful, intelligently composed, elegant, durable, and solid as steel.\"\u003cbr\u003e   -- Phillip Lopate * author of Waterfront: A Walk Around Manhattan *\u003cbr\u003e\"\u003ci\u003eThe George Washington Bridge: Poetry in Steel\u003c\/i\u003e is a well-rounded tribute to a national landmark. The author weaves together history, popular culture, behind-the-scenes tours, and personal insight in his living portrait of a modern marvel.\" \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e   -- Darl Rastorfer * author of Six Bridges: The Legacy of Othmar H. Ammann *\u003cbr\u003eLeonard Lopate at Large on WBAI Radio in New York: Michael Aaron Rockland on his latest book \u003ci\u003eThe George Washington Bridge: Poetry in Steel \u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/leonard-lopate\/michael-aaron-rockland-on-his-latest-book-the-george-washington-bridge-poetry-in-steel-1920 * \"Leonard Lopate at Large\" *\u003cbr\u003e\"An essential book about what the professor rightly argues is America’s most important bridge.\" * Newark Star-Ledger *\u003cbr\u003eOld Ways in NJ, guest Michael Aaron Rockland\u003cbr\u003e https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IfYtiz2F_bs * EB-TV *\u003cbr\u003e\"A special afternoon with Morristown scholar Michael Rockland: ‘The George Washington Bridge: Poetry in Steel,’ March 22\" * Morristown Green *\u003cbr\u003e\"A definitive history and cultural study of the span.\" * New Jersey Monthly *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContents\u003cbr\u003e  1.         Growing up With the G.W.B.: An Introduction\u003cbr\u003e  2.         A Day on the George Washington Bridge    \u003cbr\u003e  3.        The George and the Brooklyn: New Jersey and New York\u003cbr\u003e  4.        Othmar Ammann\u003cbr\u003e  5.        Building the Bridge\u003cbr\u003e  6.        The Accidental Icon\u003cbr\u003e  7.        The “Martha”\u003cbr\u003e  8.        The George Washington Bridge in Literature\u003cbr\u003e  9.        The G.W.B.  in the Other Arts\u003cbr\u003e  10.      Life Along the Walkways\u003cbr\u003e  11,      Dangers, Disasters, and Tragedies\u003cbr\u003e  12,       Bridgegate\u003cbr\u003e  13.      The G.W.B. and Me\u003cbr\u003e Acknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e Notes\u003cbr\u003e About the Author\u003cbr\u003e Selected Bibliography\u003cbr\u003e Index\u003cbr\u003e  ","brand":"Rutgers University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49405799530839,"sku":"9780813594613","price":26.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780813594613.jpg?v=1730493660"},{"product_id":"the-bridge-the-epic-story-of-an-australian-icon-the-sydney-harbour-bridge-9781761067297","title":"The Bridge: The epic story of an Australian icon","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eNinety years on from its opening in 1932, the Sydney Harbour Bridge remains the most recognisable symbol of Australia. The iconic arch took almost nine years to complete - at a cost of sixteen lives and more than six million pounds - and the people, political wranglings and incredible feats of engineering behind its creation have become the stuff of legend.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Bridge \u003c\/i\u003ebrings to life the stories of those who dreamed it, built it and were drawn to it: Lennie Gwyther, the nine-year-old boy who made a 900-mile solo journey on horseback to witness the opening; Dr J.J.C. Bradfield who eventually realised his dream of connecting Sydney's two shores; Vince Kelly, the larger-than-life boilermaker who fell from the arch and survived; and many other fascinating characters.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is the lively history of a bridge that has garnered the collective pride of the nation and become one of the world's most famous structures.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'. . . in world terms, that great arch defined Sydney and for the most part, Australia . . .' - Hon. Paul Keating, former Prime Minister of Australia\u003cbr\u003e'Lalor has written a most intimately affectionate version of an epic story' \u003ci\u003eCanberra Times\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContents\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Closing the arch\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. A bridge too far\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Bradfield's big plans\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. The first sod\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. Work starts\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6. The price of progress\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7. Tenders\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8. Building the bridge\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9. Characters and calamities\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10. Design controversy\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11. Lennie Gwyther's great adventure\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12. Lang robs the bank ... de Groot steals the show\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13. The people's bridge\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14. Bridge lives","brand":"Allen \u0026 Unwin","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49411572531543,"sku":"9781761067297","price":21.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781761067297.jpg?v=1730514037"},{"product_id":"the-forth-bridge-a-picture-history-9781780276960","title":"The Forth Bridge: A Picture History","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the time of its construction, the Forth Bridge was the largest bridge in the world, and to this day it remains a breathtaking monument to the vision and confidence of the Victorian age which created it. For seven years, thousands of men from all over Europe worked beneath the waters of the Forth and hundreds of feet in the sky on what was widely regarded as the eighth wonder of the modern world.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eSheila Mackay vividly recounts the story of the bridge from its inception to the opening ceremony in 1890. Featuring more than a hundred archive photographs which detail every stage of the project, this book is a magnificent celebration of one of humankind’s most impressive engineering achievements.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e'Dramatic photographs of the Bridge under construction ... masterpieces of clarity and precision from the early days of photography'\u003c\/p\u003e * The Scotsman *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e'A book to stir wonder and pride'\u003c\/p\u003e * The Herald *","brand":"Birlinn General","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49411740926295,"sku":"9781780276960","price":13.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781780276960.jpg?v=1730514544"},{"product_id":"bridges-9781782745761","title":"Bridges","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom abandoned structures that have long ceased to take you anywhere to today’s feats of engineering, \u003ci\u003eBridges\u003c\/i\u003e is a pictorial celebration of 150 suspension bridges, iron bridges, stone bridges, aqueducts, viaducts, railway bridges, footbridges and rope bridges. \u003cbr\u003eOrganised in sections such as abandoned bridges, classic bridges and superstructures, the book contains an immense range of wooden, stone, iron, steel and concrete bridges. There are tiny village bridges and vast bridges, narrow bridges and motorway-wide bridges, bridges that act as dams and bridges that support buildings, covered bridges, famous bridges and little-known gems. \u003cbr\u003eFrom San Francisco’s Golden Gate bridge to the 21st century Millau Viaduct in France – the tallest bridge in the world, from the Roman aqueduct in Segovia, Spain, to farmers still building bamboo bridges, the book draws examples from all over the world. Ranging from the Rocky Mountains to Siberia and Iran, a picture emerges of not only how new technologies have made it possible for bridges to be built, but also how bridges have themselves been catalysts for social change. And when they have been abandoned, such as in former gold rush towns, these bridges tell their own stories of how the world moves on. \u003cbr\u003ePresented in a landscape format and with 150 outstanding colour photographs, \u003ci\u003eBridges\u003c\/i\u003e is a stunning collection of images.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eContents to include\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAncient and Medieval bridges, 62 BCE–1499 \u003cbr\u003eKapellbrücke (Chapel Bridge), Lucerne, Switzerland \u003cbr\u003ePonte Fabricio, Rome, Italy \u003cbr\u003ePuente Trajan (Trajan's Bridge) Alcántara, Estremadura, Spain \u003cbr\u003ePonte di Tiberio (Tiberius Bridge), Rimini, Italy \u003cbr\u003eAcueducto de los Milagros (Aqueduct of the Miracles), Mérida, Spain \u003cbr\u003ePont du Gard, Nîmes, France \u003cbr\u003ePuente Romano (Roman Bridge), Córdoba, Spain \u003cbr\u003eSegovia Aqueduct, Spain \u003cbr\u003eSegura Aqueduct, Castelo Branco, Portugal \u003cbr\u003eAdana Roman Bridge, Turkey \u003cbr\u003ePonte Sant' Angelo, Rome, Italy \u003cbr\u003eAqueduct of Valens, Istanbul, Turkey \u003cbr\u003eMalabadi Bridge, Diyarbakir Province, Turkey \u003cbr\u003eAnji (Zhaozhu) Bridge, Hebei Province, China \u003cbr\u003eDicle Bridge, Diyarbakir, Turkey \u003cbr\u003ePuente la Reina (Queen's Bridge), Navarre, Spain \u003cbr\u003ePont Vieux (Old Bridge), Albi, France \u003cbr\u003ePuente Viejo (Old Bridge), Besalú, Catalonia, Spain \u003cbr\u003eHigh Bridge, Lincoln, England \u003cbr\u003eLugou or Marco Polo Bridge, Beijing, China \u003cbr\u003eVieux Pont (Old Bridge), Béziers, France \u003cbr\u003eHasankeyf Bridge, Anatolia, Turkey \u003cbr\u003eSalahin Bridge, Alaverdi, Armenia \u003cbr\u003eCitadel Bridge, Aleppo, Syria \u003cbr\u003ePonts Couverts, Strasbourg, France \u003cbr\u003eMonnow Bridge, Monmouth, Wales \u003cbr\u003eStarý Most (Old Bridge), Písek, South Bohemia, Czech Republic \u003cbr\u003ePonte Castelvecchio, Verona, Italy \u003cbr\u003eKraemerbrücke (Merchant's Bridge), Erfurt, Germany \u003cbr\u003ePont Valentré, Cahors, France \u003cbr\u003ePuente de San Martin, Toledo, Spain \u003cbr\u003ePuente de Frías, Burgos Province, Spain \u003cbr\u003ePonte Vecchio (Old Bridge), Florence, Italy \u003cbr\u003ePonte Visconti, Valeggio sul Mincio, Italy \u003cbr\u003eKasteel Doorwerth, Gelderland, Netherlands \u003cbr\u003eObere Brücke (Upper Bridge), Bamberg, Germany \u003cbr\u003eKarlův Most (Charles Bridge), Prague, Czech Republic\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Early Modern Period, 1500-1700 \u003cbr\u003eBrig o' Doon, Alloway, Scotland \u003cbr\u003eSlaters' Bridge, Cumbria, England \u003cbr\u003eOld Bridge, Stirling, Scotland \u003cbr\u003eDyavolski Most (Devil's Bridge), Ardino, Bulgaria \u003cbr\u003eBar Aqueduct, Stari Bar, Montenegro \u003cbr\u003eStari Most ('Old Bridge'), Mostar, Bosnia-Herzegovina \u003cbr\u003eEssex Bridge, Shugborough, England \u003cbr\u003ePadre Tembleque Aqueduct, Tepeyahualco, Mexico \u003cbr\u003eMehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge, Visegrad, Bosnia-Herzegovina \u003cbr\u003ePonte dei Tre Archi, Venice, Italy \u003cbr\u003ePuente de Segovia, Madrid, Spain \u003cbr\u003eSeher-Cehajina Ćuprija (Governor's Bridge), Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina \u003cbr\u003eJapanese Covered Bridge, Hoi An, Vietnam \u003cbr\u003ePonte di Rialto, Venice, Italy \u003cbr\u003eStara Ćuprija (Old Bridge), Konjic, Bosnia-Herzegovina \u003cbr\u003eMalmsmead Bridge, Oare, Somerset, England \u003cbr\u003eYulong Bridge, Yangshuo, China \u003cbr\u003eShaharah Bridge, Yemen \u003cbr\u003ePonte dei Sospiri (Bridge of Sighs), Venice, Italy \u003cbr\u003eSi-o-se Pol (33-Arch Bridge), Isfahan, Iran \u003cbr\u003ePont Neuf, Paris, France \u003cbr\u003ePuente de Piedra (Stone Bridge), Zamora, Spain \u003cbr\u003eArta Bridge, Arachthos River, Greece \u003cbr\u003eSomerset Lifting Bridge, Bermuda \u003cbr\u003eGongchen Bridge, Hangzhou, China \u003cbr\u003eKorenbeursbrug (Cornmarket Bridge), Leiden, Netherlands \u003cbr\u003ePol e-Khaju (Khaju Bridge), Isfahan, Iran \u003cbr\u003eWatendlath Bridge, Cumbria, England \u003cbr\u003eKintai Bridge, Iwakuni, Japan\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEighteenth and Nineteenth Century Bridges \u003cbr\u003ePuente Nuevo (New Bridge), Ronda, Spain \u003cbr\u003eHolzbrücke (Wooden Bridge), Bad Säckingen, Germany \u003cbr\u003eLuding Chain Bridge, China \u003cbr\u003eThe 'Seventeen Hole' Bridge, Beijing, China \u003cbr\u003eArcos da Lapa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil \u003cbr\u003ePuente de Toledo, Madrid, Spain \u003cbr\u003eLejonströmsbron (Lejonström Bridge), Skellefteå, Sweden \u003cbr\u003eVenedictos Bridge, Grevena Prefecture, Greece \u003cbr\u003eJade Belt Bridge, Beijing, China \u003cbr\u003ePulteney Bridge, Bath, England \u003cbr\u003eFigured Bridge, Tsaritsyno Park, Moscow, Russia \u003cbr\u003eSiberian Marble Gallery, Tsarskoe Selo, Russia \u003cbr\u003eThe Iron Bridge, Ironbridge, England \u003cbr\u003eLomonosov Bridge, St Petersburg, Russia \u003cbr\u003eAlte Brücke (Old Bridge), Heidelberg, Germany \u003cbr\u003ePont de la Concorde, Paris, France \u003cbr\u003eHalfpenny Bridge, Lechlade, England \u003cbr\u003ePuente Nuevo (New Bridge), Ronda, Spain \u003cbr\u003eNorrbro (North Bridge), Stockholm, Sweden \u003cbr\u003eOld Bridge, Bewdley, England \u003cbr\u003ePontcysyllte Aqueduct, Llangollen, Wales \u003cbr\u003eHa'penny Bridge, Dublin, Ireland \u003cbr\u003eSligachan Old Bridge, Isle of Skye, Scotland \u003cbr\u003eConwy Suspension Bridge, Conwy, Wales \u003cbr\u003ePont de Pierre (Stone Bridge), Bordeaux, France \u003cbr\u003eKilenclyukú Híd (Nine-Hole Bridge), Hortobágy National Park, Hungary \u003cbr\u003eSzéchenyi Bridge, Budapest, Hungary \u003cbr\u003eRoyal Border Bridge, Berwick, England \u003cbr\u003eU Bein Bridge, Amarapura, Myanmar \u003cbr\u003eBridge of Sighs, Cambridge, England \u003cbr\u003e'Bridge of Lies', Sibiu, Romania \u003cbr\u003eRakotzbrücke, Park Kromlau, Germany \u003cbr\u003eHuc Bridge, Hanoi, Vietnam \u003cbr\u003eClifton Suspension Bridge, Bristol, England \u003cbr\u003eKonitsa Bridge, Greece \u003cbr\u003eKuldiga Bridge, Latvia \u003cbr\u003eMargit Híd (Margaret Bridge), Budapest, Hungary \u003cbr\u003eBrooklyn Bridge, New York, USA \u003cbr\u003eCapilano Suspension Bridge, Vancouver, Canada \u003cbr\u003eFlume Covered Bridge, New Hampshire, USA \u003cbr\u003eForth Railway Bridge, Scotland \u003cbr\u003eLispole Viaduct, Kerry, Ireland \u003cbr\u003eTower Bridge, London, England\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwentieth Century Bridges \u003cbr\u003eTower Bridge, Sacramento, USA \u003cbr\u003eMexican Canyon Trestle, New Mexico, USA \u003cbr\u003eVictoria Falls Bridge, Zimbabwe\/Zambia \u003cbr\u003eSolkan Bridge, Slovenia, Europe \u003cbr\u003eGlienicke Bridge, Germany \u003cbr\u003eYutengping Bridge, Taiwan \u003cbr\u003eZverynas Bridge. Vilnius, Lithuania \u003cbr\u003eCassagne Bridge, France \u003cbr\u003eBolsheokhtinsky Bridge, Saint Petersburg, Russia \u003cbr\u003eManhattan Bridge, New York City, USA \u003cbr\u003eChengyang Wind and Rain Bridge, China \u003cbr\u003eQuebec Bridge, Quebec, Canada \u003cbr\u003eMichigan Avenue Bridge, Chicago, USA \u003cbr\u003eNine Arches Bridges, Demodara, Sri Lanka \u003cbr\u003eSydney Harbour Bridge, Australia \u003cbr\u003eGolden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, \u003cbr\u003eRoyal gorge Bridge, Colorado, USA \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Washington Bridge, Washington Heights, USA \u003cbr\u003eLions Gate Bridge, Vancouver, Canada \u003cbr\u003eGoodpasture Covered Bridge, Oregon, USA \u003cbr\u003eBridge over Tara river canyon, Montenegro \u003cbr\u003eKolkata Howrah Bridge, India \u003cbr\u003eBridge of the River Kwai, Kanchanaburi, Thailand \u003cbr\u003eLake Pontchartrain Causeway, Louisiana, USA \u003cbr\u003eCrescent City Connection Bridge, New Orleans, Louisiana \u003cbr\u003eEvergreen point floating bridge, Washington, USA \u003cbr\u003eThe Zeelandbrug (Zeeland Bridge), Zeeland, The Netherlands \u003cbr\u003eSevern Bridge, England \u003cbr\u003eSan Mateo Bridge, California, USA \u003cbr\u003eOland Bridge, Kalmar, Sweden \u003cbr\u003eBosphorus Bridge, Istanbul, Turkey \u003cbr\u003eNew River Gorge Bridge, West Virginia, USA \u003cbr\u003eKrk Bridge, Krk, Croatia \u003cbr\u003eBob Graham Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Florida, USA \u003cbr\u003eAkashi Kaikyo Bridge, Kobe, Japan \u003cbr\u003eThe Nanpu Bridge, in Shanghai, China \u003cbr\u003eLusitania Bridge, Merida, Spain \u003cbr\u003eRainbow Bridge, Tokyo, Japan \u003cbr\u003eWildlife crossing, Banff, Canada \u003cbr\u003eLos Angeles 110 and 105 freeway interchange bridges, California, USA \u003cbr\u003eTsing Ma Bridge, Hong Kong, China \u003cbr\u003eConfederation Bridge, Canada \u003cbr\u003eThe Great Belt Bridge, Denmark \u003cbr\u003eVasco da gama bridge. Lisbon Portugal \u003cbr\u003eChesapeake Bay Bridge, USA \u003cbr\u003eAkashi Kaikyo bridge, Kobe, Japan\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21st Century Bridges \u003cbr\u003eTradeston Bridge, Glasgow, Scotland \u003cbr\u003eMillennium Bridge, London \u003cbr\u003ePuente de la Mujer, Buenos Aires, Argentina \u003cbr\u003eGoodwill Bridge, Brisbane, Australia \u003cbr\u003eBeipan River Bridge, Guizhou province, China. \u003cbr\u003eMubarak Peace Bridge, Suez Canal, Egypt \u003cbr\u003ePython Bridge, Amsterdam \u003cbr\u003eJK Bridge, Brasilia, Brazil \u003cbr\u003eDongting Lake Bridge, China \u003cbr\u003eRama IX Bridge, Bangkok, Thailand \u003cbr\u003eSeri Wawasan Bridge, Malaysia \u003cbr\u003eLalon Shah Bridge, Bangladesh \u003cbr\u003eBolshoy Obukhovsky Bridge, Russia \u003cbr\u003eMillau Viaduct, France \u003cbr\u003eBP Bridge Chicago, USA \u003cbr\u003eSundial bridge, Sacramento, California \u003cbr\u003eSea Cliff Bridge, New South Wales, Australia \u003cbr\u003eDonghai Bridge, China \u003cbr\u003eLangkawi Air Bridge, Malaysia \u003cbr\u003eSvinesund Bridge, Norway\/Sweden \u003cbr\u003eZhivopisny Bridge, Moscow, Russia \u003cbr\u003eHenderson Waves Bridge, Singapore \u003cbr\u003eAssut de l'Or Bridge, Spain \u003cbr\u003eAl Garhoud bridge, Creek, Dubai, UAR \u003cbr\u003eChaotianmen Bridge, Chongqing, China \u003cbr\u003eEstaiada Bridge, Sao Paulo, Brazil \u003cbr\u003eHelix Bridge, Singapore \u003cbr\u003eJiaozhou Bay Bridge, Qingdao Haiwan bay, China \u003cbr\u003eTokyo Gate Bridge, Tokyo Bay, Japan \u003cbr\u003eRussky Bridge, Eastern Bosphorus strait, Russia \u003cbr\u003eZolotoy Bridge, Vladistok, Russia \u003cbr\u003eMargaret Hunt Hill Bridge, Dallas, USA \u003cbr\u003eNew Lift Bridge, Gironde, France \u003cbr\u003eDragon Bridge, Da Nang, Vietnam \u003cbr\u003eTrojan Bridge, Prague, Czech Republic \u003cbr\u003eOsman Gazi Bridge, Turkey \u003cbr\u003eCharles Kuonen Suspension Bridge, Switzerland\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Amber Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49411978297687,"sku":"9781782745761","price":16.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781782745761.jpg?v=1730515263"},{"product_id":"coast-where-the-land-meets-the-sea-9781782748984","title":"Coast: Where The Land Meets The Sea","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eBeaches, marshes, mangroves; cliffs, deserts, forests; bays, deltas, estuaries – coastlines take many different forms and are put to very different uses. From deserted beaches to busy ports, from pretty fishing villages to a surfers’ paradise, a salt marsh to a ship-breakers’ yard, \u003ci\u003eCoasts\u003c\/i\u003e celebrates where the land meets the sea. \u003cbr\u003eFrom beautiful coastal paths to the shipwrecks left high and dry in the Aral Sea, from world famous locations such as Copacabana Beach in Brazil and Big Sur in California to the little explored coastlines of Yemen and Oman, from Algeria to Antarctica, the Amalfi Coast to the Dead Sea, the book celebrates a huge range in coastlines from all around the world. \u003cbr\u003eIncluding nature reserves and tourist resorts, rugged landscapes and desert island tranquility, fjords and fossils, eroding cliffs to whole towns lost to the waters, the book explores coastlines in all climates and conditions around the globe. \u003cbr\u003ePresented in a landscape format and with captions explaining the story behind each entry, \u003ci\u003eCoasts\u003c\/i\u003e is a stunning collection of images and stories.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntroduction \u003cbr\u003eIveragh Peninsula, County Kerry, Ireland \u003cbr\u003eEdava, Kerala, India\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThe Americas \u003cbr\u003eLake Argentino, Argentina \u003cbr\u003eCormorants, Patagonia, Argentina \u003cbr\u003ePerito Moreno Glacier, Lake Argentino, Argentina \u003cbr\u003e‘La Portada’, Antofagasta, Chile \u003cbr\u003eBottlenose Dolphins, Peru \u003cbr\u003eCabo de la Vela, La Guajira, Colombia \u003cbr\u003ePacific Coast, Costa Rica \u003cbr\u003eCorumbau, Bahia, Brazil \u003cbr\u003eBartolomé Island, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador \u003cbr\u003ePinnacle Rock, Bartolomé Island, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador \u003cbr\u003ePunta del Diablo Beach, Uruguay \u003cbr\u003eCozumel Island, Yucatán, Mexico \u003cbr\u003eMalibu, California, USA \u003cbr\u003eCabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico \u003cbr\u003eThor’s Well, Oregon, USA \u003cbr\u003eFlorida, USA \u003cbr\u003eExuma Keys, Bahamas \u003cbr\u003eDriftwood Beach, Jekyll Island, Georgia, USA \u003cbr\u003eLake Michigan, USA \u003cbr\u003eIndian River, Dagsboro, Delaware, USA \u003cbr\u003eAcadia National Park, Maine, USA \u003cbr\u003eYork Beach, Maine, USA \u003cbr\u003ePortsmouth, New Hampshire, USA \u003cbr\u003eGrand Island, New Hampshire, USA \u003cbr\u003eCastle Hill Lighthouse, Newport, Rhode Island, USA \u003cbr\u003eWildwood, New Jersey, USA \u003cbr\u003eManhattan, New York, USA \u003cbr\u003eNa Pali, Kauai, Hawaii, USA \u003cbr\u003eKenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA \u003cbr\u003eKnight Inlet, British Columbia, Canada \u003cbr\u003eBaffin Island, Nunavut, Canada \u003cbr\u003eFrobisher Bay, Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada \u003cbr\u003eIlulissat, Greenland\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEurope \u003cbr\u003ePonta de São Lourenço Madeira, Portugal \u003cbr\u003eFajã do Ouvidor, São Jorge, Azores, Portugal \u003cbr\u003eRia Formosa, Algarve, Portugal \u003cbr\u003eCosta Quebrada, Cantabria, Spain \u003cbr\u003eDenia, Alicante Province, Spain \u003cbr\u003eFlysch Coast, Zumaia, Basque Country, Spain \u003cbr\u003eVulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy \u003cbr\u003eGrand Canal, Venice, Italy \u003cbr\u003eMontenegro, Adriatic Sea \u003cbr\u003ePloumanac’h Lighthouse, Brittany, France \u003cbr\u003eBonifacio, Corsica, France \u003cbr\u003eMont St Michel, Normandy, France \u003cbr\u003eBanc d’Arguin, Bassin d’Arcachon, Gironde, Aquitaine, France \u003cbr\u003eGrand Crohot Beach, Lège-Cap-Ferret, Gironde, Aquitaine, France \u003cbr\u003eCalanques National Park, Provence, France \u003cbr\u003eSt Agnes, Cornwall, England \u003cbr\u003eLizard Point, Cornwall, England \u003cbr\u003eLadram Bay, Devon, England \u003cbr\u003eChesil Beach, Dorset, England \u003cbr\u003eDurdle Door, Lulworth Cove, Dorset, England \u003cbr\u003eBat’s Head, Devon, England \u003cbr\u003eBlackpool, Lancashire, England \u003cbr\u003eSouthwold, Suffolk, England \u003cbr\u003eBeach Huts, Wells-next-the-Sea, Norfolk, England \u003cbr\u003eCrosby Beach, Merseyside, England \u003cbr\u003eBamburgh Castle, Northumberland, England \u003cbr\u003eBow Fiddle Rock, Moray, Scotland \u003cbr\u003eLoch Ness, Inverness-shire Scotland \u003cbr\u003eGiant’s Causeway, County Antrim, Northern Ireland \u003cbr\u003eCliffs of Moher, County Clare, Republic of Ireland \u003cbr\u003eSylt, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany \u003cbr\u003eFischland, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany \u003cbr\u003eMúlafossur Waterfall, Vágar, Faroe Islands, Denmark \u003cbr\u003eNear Gothenburg, Sweden \u003cbr\u003ePorkkala Peninsula, Finland \u003cbr\u003eHel Peninsula, Pomerania, Poland \u003cbr\u003eJurkalne, Latvia \u003cbr\u003eKaliningrad, Russia \u003cbr\u003eReine, Lofoten Islands, Norway \u003cbr\u003eSegla Peak, Senja Island, Troms, Norway\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsia \u003cbr\u003eSeaweed farm, Xiapu, Fujian, China \u003cbr\u003eChaka 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