{"title":"Books by Karl Marx","description":"\u003cp\u003eKarl Marx remains one of the most influential thinkers of the nineteenth century, whose analysis of capitalism and social change reshaped political and economic thought. His works blend philosophy, history, and economics to explore how material conditions and class relations drive human progress, making him a cornerstone of modern social theory.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReaders continue to engage with Marx's ideas for their enduring relevance to debates about labour, inequality, and power. Whether approached as a revolutionary text or a critical study of economic systems, his writing challenges assumptions and invites reflection on the structures that shape everyday life.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAre you this author? Drop us a line to update your details \u003cb\u003ehello@bookcurl.com\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"capital-volumes-one-and-two-9781840226997","title":"Capital: Volumes One and Two","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFew writers have had a more demonstrable impact on the development of the modern world than has Karl Marx (1818-1883). Born in Trier into a middle-class Jewish family in 1818, by the time of his death in London in 1883, Marx claimed a growing international reputation. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Of central importance then and later was his book \u003cem\u003eDas Kapital\u003c\/em\u003e, or, as it is known to English readers, simply \u003cem\u003eCapital\u003c\/em\u003e. Volume One of \u003cem\u003eCapital\u003c\/em\u003e was published in Paris in 1867. This was the only volume published during Marx’s lifetime and the only to have come directly from his pen. Volume Two, published in 1884, was based on notes Marx left, but written by his friend and collaborator, Friedrich Engels (1820-1895). \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Readers from the nineteenth century to the present have been captivated by the unmistakable power and urgency of this classic of world literature. Marx’s critique of the capitalist system is rife with big themes: his theory of ‘surplus value’, his discussion of the exploitation of the working class, and his forecast of class conflict on a grand scale. Marx wrote with purpose. As he famously put it, ‘Philosophers have previously tried to explain the world, our task is to change it.’","brand":"Wordsworth Editions Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47850805461335,"sku":"9781840226997","price":6.83,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781840226997.jpg?v=1710621834"},{"product_id":"the-communist-manifesto-the-condition-of-the-working-class-in-england-in-1844-socialism-utopian-and-scientific-9781840220964","title":"The Communist Manifesto: The Condition of the","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWith an introduction by Dr. Laurence Marlow.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA spectre is haunting Europe (and the world). Not, in the twenty-first century, the spectre of communism, but the spectre of capitalism. Marx's prediction that the state would wither away of its own accord has proved inaccurate, and he did not foresee the tyrannies which have ruled large parts of the globe in his name. Indeed, he would have been appalled if he had witnessed them. But his analysis of the evils and dangers of raw capitalism is as correct now as when it was written, and some of his suggestions (progressive income tax, abolition of child labour, free education for all children) are now accepted with little question. In a world where capitalism is no longer held in check by fear of a communist alternative, \u003cem\u003eThe Communist Manifesto\u003c\/em\u003e (with \u003cem\u003eSocialism Utopian and Scientific\u003c\/em\u003e, Engels's brief and clear exposition of Marxist thought) is essential reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Condition of the Working Class in England\u003c\/em\u003e in 1844 is Engels's first, and probably best-known, book. With Henry Mayhew's London Labour and the London Poor, it was and is the outstanding study of the working class in Victorian England.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wordsworth Editions Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47850826760535,"sku":"9781840220964","price":6.83,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781840220964.jpg?v=1710622289"},{"product_id":"the-communist-manifesto-9780099540748","title":"The Communist Manifesto","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eWITH AN INTRODUCTION BY DAVID AARONOVITCH\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Communist Manifesto\u003c\/i\u003e was first published in London, by two young men in their late twenties, in 1848. Its impact reverberated across the globe and throughout the next century, and it has come to be recognised as one of the most important political texts ever written. Maintaining that the history of all societies is a history of class struggle, the manifesto proclaims that communism is the only route to equality, and is a call to action aimed at the proletariat. It is an essential read for anyone seeking to understand our modern political landscape.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA brilliant piece of writing, easily accessible, and which really did change the world * Daily Mail *\u003cbr\u003eContemporary, ironic, cool, biting writing style * Observer *\u003cbr\u003eIrreverent, mocking, sarcastic, witty, savage, provocative and with a driving, irresistible argument * Independent *\u003cbr\u003eAs a force for change, its influence has been surpassed only by the Bible. As a piece of writing, it is a masterpiece * Guardian *\u003cbr\u003eA short work, written in punchy, accessible style. It can be read in an hour. * Sunday Mirror *","brand":"Vintage Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732282224983,"sku":"9780099540748","price":5.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780099540748.jpg?v=1719996256"},{"product_id":"the-portable-karl-marx-cxii-portable-library-9780140150964","title":"The Portable Karl Marx cxii Portable Library","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIncludes the complete \u003ci\u003eCommunist Manifesto\u003c\/i\u003e and substantial extracts from \u003ci\u003eOn the Jewish Question, the German Ideology, Grundrisse, \u003c\/i\u003eand \u003ci\u003eCapital\u003c\/i\u003e, a broad representation of his letters, and lesser-known works, especially his long-unavailable, early works.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eBibliographical Note and Acknowledgments\u003cbr\u003eChronology: Marx's Life\u003cbr\u003eChronology: Marx's Chief Works\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eI. Marx the Man: Documents, Letters, and Reminiscences\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e[Birth Certificate]\u003cbr\u003eCertificate of Matriculation of a Pupil at the High School at Trier\u003cbr\u003e[Marx's Record of Studies Issued by the University of Bonn]\u003cbr\u003e[From Marx's Sister Sophie]\u003cbr\u003e[Heinrich Marx to His Son]\u003cbr\u003e[Karl Marx to His Father]\u003cbr\u003e[Heinrich Marx to His Son]\u003cbr\u003e[Bruno Bruno Bauer to Marx]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx's Record of Studies in the University of Berlin]\u003cbr\u003e[Letter of Professor C. F. Bachmann, Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy in the University of Jena, Presenting Marx's Doctoral Thesis to the Faculty for Consideration]\u003cbr\u003e[Moses Hess on Karl Marx]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx to Arnold Ruge]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx to Arnold Ruge]\u003cbr\u003e[Jenny von Westphalen to Marx]\u003cbr\u003e[Arnold Ruge to Ludwig Feuerbach on Marx]\u003cbr\u003e[Bakunin's Reminiscence]\u003cbr\u003e[P. Annenkov: Karl Marx in 1846]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx to Engels in Paris]\u003cbr\u003e[Carl Schurz on Marx in Cologne Summer 1848]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx to Engels in Brussels]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx to Engels in Lausanne]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx to Engels in Lausanne]\u003cbr\u003e[Jenny Marx to Joseph Weydemeyer]\u003cbr\u003e[Gustave Techow to a Friend]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx to Engels]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx to Engels]\u003cbr\u003e[A Prussian Police Agent's Report]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx to Engels]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx to Engels]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx to Engels]\u003cbr\u003e[Karl Marx to His Wife]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx to Engels]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx to Engels]\u003cbr\u003e[Eleanor Marx on Her Father]\u003cbr\u003e[Marx to Engels in Manchester]\u003cbr\u003e[Confessions of Marx]\u003cbr\u003e[Karl Marx to Laura Marx]\u003cbr\u003e[Karl Marx to François Lafargue]\u003cbr\u003e[Karl Marx to Paul Lafargue]\u003cbr\u003e[From R. Landor's Interview with Marx]\u003cbr\u003e[Report on Karl Marx in Karlsbad]\u003cbr\u003e[From the \u003ci\u003eChicago Tribune\u003c\/i\u003e's Interview with Marx]\u003cbr\u003e[Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant-Duff to Empress Frederick]\u003cbr\u003e[Karl Marx to Laura Lafargue]\u003cbr\u003e[Engels's Speech at the Graveside of Karl Marx]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eII. Karl Marx's Writings\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Formation of a Young Radical: Early Writings, 1841-1844\u003cbr\u003eFrom Doctoral Dissertation, \u003ci\u003eThe Difference between the Democritean and the Epicurean Philosophy of Nature\u003ci\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"The Draft Divorce Law\"\u003cbr\u003eFrom the Kreuznach Manuscripts: Critique of Hegel's \u003ci\u003ePhilosophy of Right\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrom a Correspondence of 1843\u003cbr\u003eFrom \"On the Jewish Questions\"\u003cbr\u003eFrom \"Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's \u003ci\u003ePhilosophy of Right\u003c\/i\u003e: Introduction\"\u003cbr\u003e2. Beyond Philosophy to Communism, Political Economy, and the Materialist Conception of History: Transitional Writings, 1844-1847\u003cbr\u003eFrom Economico-Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844\u003cbr\u003eFrom the First Manuscript: \"Alienated Labor\"\u003cbr\u003eFrom the Third Manuscript: \"Private Property and Communism\"\u003cbr\u003eFrom \"Critical Notes on the Article 'The King of Prussia and Social Reform. By a Prussian\"\"\u003cbr\u003e\"Theses on Feuerbach\"\u003cbr\u003eFrom A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy\u003cbr\u003eFrom \u003ci\u003eThe German Ideology\u003c\/i\u003e, Volume One:\u003cbr\u003ePreface\u003cbr\u003e[The Materialist Conception of History]\u003cbr\u003e[On History]\u003cbr\u003e[Consciousness and the Division of Labour]\u003cbr\u003e[Law and the Materialist Conception of History]\u003cbr\u003e[The Role of Violence in History]\u003cbr\u003e[Communism as the End of History]\u003cbr\u003e3. Revolution and Counter-Revolution: Political Writings, 1848-1852\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eManifesto of the Communist Party\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Demands of the Communist Party in Germany\u003cbr\u003eAddress of the Central Committee to the Communist League\u003cbr\u003eFrom \u003ci\u003eThe Class Struggles in France: 1848 to 1850\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrom \u003ci\u003eThe Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. Journalism and Politics: 1853-1864\u003cbr\u003eThe British Rule in India\u003cbr\u003eFrom \"The Future Results of British Rule in India\"\u003cbr\u003eRevolution in China and in Europe\u003cbr\u003eThe Indian Revolt\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eInaugural Address and Provisional Rules of the International Working Men's Association\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. \"Wading Through Economic Filth\": Economic Writings, 1857-1867\u003cbr\u003eFrom \u003ci\u003eGrundrisse\u003c\/i\u003e, Introduction\u003cbr\u003eFrom \u003ci\u003eValue, Price and Profit\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrom \u003ci\u003eCapital, Volume I\u003c\/i\u003e:\u003cbr\u003eFrom the Preface to the First German Edition\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1: \"Commodities\"\u003cbr\u003eChapter 26: \"The Secret of Primitive Accumulation\"\u003cbr\u003eFrom Chapter 27: \"The Expropriation of the Agricultural Population from the Land\"\u003cbr\u003eChapter 31: \"The Genesis of the Industrial Capitalist\"\u003cbr\u003eChapter 32: \"The Historical Tendency of Capitalist Accumulation\"\u003cbr\u003eChapter 33: \"The Modern Theory of Colonisation\"\u003cbr\u003e6. The Paris Commune and the Future of Socialism: 1870-1882\u003cbr\u003eFrom \u003ci\u003eThe Civil War in France\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e:Address of the General Council of the International Working Men's Association\u003cbr\u003eFrom the First Draft: \"The Character of the Commune\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarginal Notes to the Programme of the German Workers' Party [Critique of the Gotha Programme]\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the Russian Edition of the \u003ci\u003eCommunist Manifesto\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReader's Guide\u003cbr\u003eIndex \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732346843479,"sku":"9780140150964","price":11.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780140150964.jpg?v=1719996507"},{"product_id":"capital-critique-of-political-economy-9780140445688","title":"Capital Critique of Political Economy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMarx's major work was the product of 30 years' close study of the most advanced industrial society of his day. Marx devoted most of his adult life to analyzing the\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCapital Introduction by Ernest Mandel\u003cbr\u003eTranslator's Preface\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the First Edition\u003cbr\u003ePostface to the Second Edition\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the French Edition\u003cbr\u003ePostface to the French Edition\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the Third Edition (by Engels)\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the English Edition (by Engels)\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the Fourth Edition (by Engels)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBOOK I: THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF CAPITAL \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart One: Commodities and Money\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1: The Commodity\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Two Factors of the Commodity: Use-Value and Value (Substance of VAlue, Magnitude of Value)\u003cbr\u003e2. The Dual Character of the Labour Embodied in Commodities\u003cbr\u003e3. The Value-Form, or Exchange-Value\u003cbr\u003e(a) The Simple, Isolated, or Accidental Form of Value\u003cbr\u003e(1) The two poles of the expression of value: the relative form of value and the equivalent form\u003cbr\u003e(2) The relative form of value\u003cbr\u003e(i) The content of the relative form of value\u003cbr\u003e(ii) The quantitative determinacy of the relative form of value\u003cbr\u003e(iii) The equivalent form\u003cbr\u003e(iv) The simple form of value considered as a whole\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Total or Expanded Form of Value\u003cbr\u003e(1) The expanded relative form of value\u003cbr\u003e(2) The particular equivalent form\u003cbr\u003e(3) Defects of the total or expanded form of value\u003cbr\u003e(c) The General Form of Value\u003cbr\u003e(1) The changed character of the form of value\u003cbr\u003e(2) The development of the relative and equivalent forms of value: their interdependence\u003cbr\u003e(3) The transition from the general form of value to the money form\u003cbr\u003e(d) The Money Form\u003cbr\u003e4. The Fetishism of the Commodity and Its Secret\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2: The Process of Exchange \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3: Money, or the Circulation of Commodities\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Measure of Values\u003cbr\u003e2. The Means of Circulation\u003cbr\u003e(a) The Metamorphosis of Commodities\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Circulation of Money\u003cbr\u003e(c) Coin. The Symbol of Value\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Money\u003cbr\u003e(a) Hoarding\u003cbr\u003e(b) Means of Payment\u003cbr\u003e(c) World Money\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART TWO: THE TRANSFORMATION OF MONEY INTO CAPITAL \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4: The General Formula for Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5: Contradictions in the General Formula\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6: The Sale and Purchase of Labour-Power\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART THREE: THE PRODUCTION OF ABSOLUTE SURPLUS-VALUE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7: The Labour Process and the Valorization Process\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Labour Process\u003cbr\u003e2. The Valorization Process\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8: Constant Capital and Variable Capital \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9: The Rate of Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Degree of Exploitation of Labour-Power\u003cbr\u003e2. The Representation of the Value of the Product by Corresponding Proportional Parts of the Product\u003cbr\u003e3. Senior's \"Last Hour\"\u003cbr\u003e4. The Surplus Product\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10: The Working Day \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Limits of the Working Day\u003cbr\u003e2. The Voracious Appetite for Surplus Labour. Manufacturer and Boyar\u003cbr\u003e3. Branches of English Industry without Legal Limits to Exploitation\u003cbr\u003e4. Day Work and Night Work. The Shift System\u003cbr\u003e5. The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Laws for the Compulsory Extension of the Working Day, from the Middle of the Fourteenth to the End of the Seventeenth Century\u003cbr\u003e6. The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Laws for the Compulsory Limitation of Working Hours. The English Factory Legislation of 1833-64\u003cbr\u003e7. The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Impact of the English Factory Legislation on Other Countries\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11: The Rate and Mass of Surplus-Value \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART FOUR: THE PRODUCTION OF RELATIVE SURPLUS-VALUE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12: The Concept of Relative Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13: Co-operation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14: The Division of Labour and Manufacture\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Dual Origin of Manufacture\u003cbr\u003e2. The Specialized Worker and His Tools\u003cbr\u003e3. The Two Fundamental Forms of Manufacture - Heterogeneous and Organic\u003cbr\u003e4. The Division of Labour in Manufacture, and the Division of Labour in Society\u003cbr\u003e5. The Capitalist Character of Manufacture\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15: Machinery and Large-Scale Industry \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Development of Machinery\u003cbr\u003e2. The Value Transferred by the Machinery to the Product\u003cbr\u003e3. The Most Immediate Effects of Machine Production on the Worker\u003cbr\u003e(a) Appropriation of Supplementary Labour-Power by Capital. The Employment of Women and Children\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Prolongation of the Working Day\u003cbr\u003e(c) Intensification of Labour\u003cbr\u003e4. The Factory\u003cbr\u003e5. The Struggle between Worker and Machine\u003cbr\u003e6. The Compensation Theory, with Regard to the Workers Displaced by Machinery\u003cbr\u003e7. Repulsion and Attraction of Workers through the Development of Machine Production. Crises in the Cotton Industry\u003cbr\u003e8. The Revolutionary Impact of Large-Scale Industry on Manufacture, Handicrafts and Domestic Industry\u003cbr\u003e(a) Overthrow of Co-operation Based on Handicrafts and on the Division of Labour\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Impact of the Factory System on Manufacture and Domestic Industries\u003cbr\u003e(c) Modern Manufacture\u003cbr\u003e(d) Modern Domestic Industry\u003cbr\u003e(e) Transition from Modern Manufacture and Domestic Industry to Large-Scale Industry. The Hastening of this Revolution by the Application of the Factory Acts to those Industries\u003cbr\u003e9. The Health and Education Clauses of the Factory Acts. The General Extension of Factory Legislation in England\u003cbr\u003e10. Large-Scale Industry and Agriculture\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART FIVE: THE PRODUCTION OF ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE SURPLUS-VALUE \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16: Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17: Changes of Magnitude in the Price of Labour-Power and in Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Length of the Working Day and the Intensity of Labour Constant; the Productivity of Labour Variable\u003cbr\u003e2. The Length of the Working Day and the Productivity of Labour Constant; the Intensity of Labour Variable\u003cbr\u003e3. The Productivity and Intensity of Labour Constant; the Length of the Working Day Variable\u003cbr\u003e4. Simultaneous Variations in the Duration, Productivity and Intensity of Labour\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18: Different Formulae for the Rate of Surplus-Value \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART SIX: WAGES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19: The Transformation of the Value (and Respectively the Price) of Labour-Power into Wages\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20: Time-Wages\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21: Piece-Wages\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 22: National Differences in Wages\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART SEVEN: THE PROCESS OF ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 23: Simple Reproduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 24: The Transformation of Surplus-Value into Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Capitalist Production on a Progressively Increasing Scale. The Inversion which Converts the Property Laws of Commodity Production into Laws of Capitalist Appropriation\u003cbr\u003e2. The Political Economists' Erroneous Conception of Reproduction on an Increasing Scale\u003cbr\u003e3. Division of Surplus-Value into Capital and Revenue. The Abstinence Theory\u003cbr\u003e4. The Circumstances which, Independently of the Proportional Division of Surplus-Value into Capital and Revenue, Determine the Extent of Accumulation, namely, the Degree of Exploitation of Labour-Power, the Productivity of Labour, the Growing Difference in Amount between Capital Employed and Capital Consumed, and the Magnitude of the Capital Advanced\u003cbr\u003e5. The So-Called Labour Fund\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 25: The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. A Growing Demand for Labour-Power Accompanies Accumulation if the Composition of Capital Remains the Same\u003cbr\u003e2. A Relative Diminution of the Variable Part of Capital Occurs in the Course of the Further Progress of Accumulation and of the Concentration Accompanying It\u003cbr\u003e3. The Progressive Reduction of a Relative Surpluse Population or Industrial Reserve Army\u003cbr\u003e4. Different Forms of Existence of the Relative Surplus Population. The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation\u003cbr\u003e5. Illustrations of the General Law of Capitalist Accumulation\u003cbr\u003e(a) England from 1846 to 1866\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Badly Paid Strata of the British Industrial Working Class\u003cbr\u003e(c) The Nomadic Population\u003cbr\u003e(d) Effect of Crises on the Best Paid Section of the Working Class\u003cbr\u003e(e) The British Agricultural Proletariat\u003cbr\u003e(f) Ireland\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART EIGHT: SO-CALLED PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 26: The Secret of Primitive Accumulation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 27: The Expropriation of the Agricultural Population from the Land\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 28: Bloody Legislation against the Expropriated since the End of the Fifteenth Century. The Forcing Down of Wages by Act of Parliament\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 29: The Genesis of the Capitalist Farmer\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 30: Impact of the Agricultural Revolution on Industry. The Creation of a Home Market for Industrial Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 31: The Genesis of the Industrial Capitalist\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 32: The Historical Tendency of Capitalist Accumulation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 33: The Modern Theory of Colonization\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix: Results of the Immediate Process of Production \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction by Ernest Mandel\u003cbr\u003eI. Commodities as the Product of Capital\u003cbr\u003eII. Capitalist Production as the Production of Surplus-Value\u003cbr\u003eIII. Capitalist Production is the Production and Reproduction of the Specifically Capitalist Relations of Production\u003cbr\u003eIV. Isolated Fragments\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuotations in Languages Other than English and German\u003cbr\u003eIndex of Authorities Quoted\u003cbr\u003eGeneral Index\u003cbr\u003eNote on Previous Editions of the Works of Marx and Engels\u003cbr\u003eChronology of Works by Marx and Engels\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732375646551,"sku":"9780140445688","price":17.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780140445688.jpg?v=1719996611"},{"product_id":"grundrisse-9780140445756","title":"Grundrisse","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWritten during the winter of 1857-8, the Grundrisse was considered by Marx to be the first scientific elaboration of communist theory. A collection of seven notebooks on capital and money, it both develops the arguments outlined in the Communist Manifesto (1848) and explores the themes and theses that were to dominate his great later work Capital. Here, for the first time, Marx set out his own version of Hegel''s dialectics and developed his mature views on labour, surplus value and profit, offering many fresh insights into alienation, automation and the dangers of capitalist society. Yet while the theories in Grundrisse make it a vital precursor to Capital, it also provides invaluable descriptions of Marx''s wider-ranging philosophy, making it a unique insight into his beliefs and hopes for the foundation of a communist state.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction (Notebook M)1. Production in general\u003cbr\u003e2. General relation between production, distribution, exchange and consumption\u003cbr\u003e3. The method of political economy\u003cbr\u003e4. Means (forces) of production and relations of production, relations of production and relations of circulation\u003cbr\u003eThe Chapter on Money (Notebooks I and II, pp. 1-7)Darimon's theory of crises\u003cbr\u003eGold export and crises\u003cbr\u003eConvertibility and note circulation\u003cbr\u003eValue and price\u003cbr\u003eTransformation of the commodity into exchange value; money\u003cbr\u003eContradictions in the money relation:\u003cbr\u003e(1) Contradiction between commodity as product and commodity as exchange value\u003cbr\u003e(2) Contradiction between purchase and sale\u003cbr\u003e(3) Contradiction between exchange for the sake of exchange and exchange for the sake of commodities\u003cbr\u003e(4) Contradiction between money as particular commodity and money as general commodity (\u003ci\u003eThe Economist\u003c\/i\u003e and the \u003ci\u003eMorning Star\u003c\/i\u003e on money)\u003cbr\u003eAttempts to overcome the contradictions by the issue of time-chits\u003cbr\u003eExchange value as mediation of private interests\u003cbr\u003eExchange value (money) as social bond\u003cbr\u003eSocial relations which create an undeveloped system of exchange\u003cbr\u003eThe product becomes a commodity; the commodity becomes exchange value; the exchange value of the commodity becomes money\u003cbr\u003eMoney as measure\u003cbr\u003eMoney as objectification of general labour time (Incidental remark on gold and silver)\u003cbr\u003eDistinction between particular labor time and general labour time\u003cbr\u003eDistinction between planned distribution of labour time and measurement of exchange values by labour time (Strabo on money among the Albanians)\u003cbr\u003eThe precious metals as subjects of the money relation:\u003cbr\u003e(a) Gold and silver in relation to the other metals\u003cbr\u003e(b) Fluctuations in the value-relations between the different metals\u003cbr\u003e(c) and (d) (headings only): Sources of gold and silver; money as coin\u003cbr\u003eCirculation of money and opposite circulation of commodities\u003cbr\u003eGeneral concept of circulation:\u003cbr\u003e(a) Circulation circulates exchange values in the form of prices (Distinction between real money and accounting money)\u003cbr\u003e(b) Money as the medium of exchange (What determines the quantity of money required for circulation) (Comment on (a))\u003cbr\u003eCommodity circulation requires appropriation through alienation\u003cbr\u003eCirculation as an endlessly repeated process\u003cbr\u003eThe price as external to and independent of the commodity: Creation of general medium of exchange; exchange as a special business\u003cbr\u003eDouble motion of circulation: C-M; M-C, and M-C; C-M\u003cbr\u003eThree contradictory functions of money:\u003cbr\u003e(1) Money as general material of contracts, as measuring unit of exchange values\u003cbr\u003e(2) Money as medium of exchange and realizer of prices\u003cbr\u003e(Money, as representative of price, allows commodities to be exchanged at equivalent prices)\u003cbr\u003e(An example of confusion between the contradictory functions of money)\u003cbr\u003e(Money as particular commodity and money as general commodity)\u003cbr\u003e(3) Money as money: as material representative of wealth (accumulation of money)\u003cbr\u003e(Dissolution of ancient communities through money)\u003cbr\u003e(Money, unlike coin, has a universal character)\u003cbr\u003e(Money in its third function is the negation #negative unity# of its character as medium of circulation and measure)\u003cbr\u003e(Money in its metallic being; accumulation of gold and silver)\u003cbr\u003e(Headings on money, to be elaborated later)\u003cbr\u003eThe Chapter on Capital (Notebooks II pp. 8-28, III, IV, V, VI and VII)The Chapter on Money as Capital:\u003cbr\u003eDifficulty in grasping money in its fully developed character as money\u003cbr\u003eSimple exchange: relations between the exchangers (Critique of socialists and harmonizers: Bastiat, Proudhon)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection One: The Production Process of Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNothing is expressed when capital is characterized merely as a sum of values\u003cbr\u003eLanded property and capital\u003cbr\u003eCapital comes from circulation; its content is exchange value; merchant capital, money capital, and money interest\u003cbr\u003eCirculation presupposes another process; motion between presupposed extremes\u003cbr\u003eTransition from circulation to capitalist production \u003cbr\u003e\"Capital is accumulated labour (etc.)\"\u003cbr\u003e\"Capital is a sum of values used for the production of values\"\u003cbr\u003eCirculation, and exchange value deriving from circulation, the presupposition of capital\u003cbr\u003eExchange value emerging from circulation, a presupposition of ciruclation, preserving and multiplying itself in it by means of labour\u003cbr\u003eProduct and capital.  Value and capital.  Proudhon\u003cbr\u003eCapital and labour.  Exchange value and use value for exchange value\u003cbr\u003eMoney and its use value (labour) in this relation capital: Self-multiplication of value is its only movement\u003cbr\u003eCapital, as regards substance, objectified labour.  Its antithesis, living, productive labour\u003cbr\u003eProductive labour and labour as performance of a service\u003cbr\u003eProductive and unproductive labour.  A. Smith etc.\u003cbr\u003eThe two different processes in the exchange of capital with labour\u003cbr\u003eCapital and modern landed property\u003cbr\u003eThe market\u003cbr\u003eExchange between capital and labour.  Piecework wages\u003cbr\u003eValue of labour power\u003cbr\u003eShare of the wage labourer in general wealth determined only quantitatively\u003cbr\u003eMoney is the worker's equivalent; he thus confronts capital as an equal\u003cbr\u003eBut the aim of his exchange is satisfaction of his need.  Money for him is only medium of circulation\u003cbr\u003eSavings, self-denial as means of the worker's enrichment\u003cbr\u003eValuelessness and devaluation of the worker a condition of capital\u003cbr\u003e(Labour power as capital!)\u003cbr\u003eWages not productive\u003cbr\u003eThe exchange between capital and labour belongs within simple circulation, does not enrich the worker\u003cbr\u003eSeparation of labour and property the precondition of this exchange\u003cbr\u003eLabour as object absolute poverty, labour as subject general possibility of wealth\u003cbr\u003eLabour without particular specificity confronts capital\u003cbr\u003eLabour process absorbed into capital\u003cbr\u003e(Capital and capitalist)\u003cbr\u003eProduction process as content of capital\u003cbr\u003eThe worker relates to his labour as exchange value, the capitalist as use value\u003cbr\u003eThe worker divests himself of labour as the wealth-producing power; capital appropriates it as such\u003cbr\u003eTranformation of labour into capital\u003cbr\u003eRealization process\u003cbr\u003e(Costs of production)\u003cbr\u003eMere self-preservation, non-multiplication of value contradicts the essence of capital\u003cbr\u003eCapital enters the cost of production as capital.  Interest bearing capital (Parentheses on: original accumulation of capital, historic presuppositions of capital, production in general)\u003cbr\u003eSurplus value.  Surplus labour time\u003cbr\u003eValue of labour.  How it is determined\u003cbr\u003eConditions for the self-realization of capital\u003cbr\u003eCapital is productive as creator of surplus labour\u003cbr\u003eBut this is only a historical and transitory phenomenon\u003cbr\u003eTheories of surplus value (Ricardo; the Physiocrats; Adam Smith; Ricardo again)\u003cbr\u003eSurplus value and productive force.  Relation when these increase\u003cbr\u003eResult: in proportion as necessary labour is already diminished, the realization of capital becomes more difficult\u003cbr\u003eConcerning increases in the value of capital\u003cbr\u003eLabour does not reproduce the value of material and instrument, but rather preserves it by relating to them in the labour process as to their objective conditions\u003cbr\u003eAbsolute surplus labour time.  Relative\u003cbr\u003eIt is not the quantity of living labour, but rather its quality as labour which preserves the labour time already contained in the material\u003cbr\u003eThe change of form and substance in the direct production process\u003cbr\u003eIt is inherent in the simple production process that the previous stage of production is preserved through the subsequent one\u003cbr\u003ePreservation of the old use value by new labour\u003cbr\u003eThe quantity of objectified labour is preserved because contact with living labour preserves its quality as use value for new labour\u003cbr\u003eIn the real production process, the separation of labour from its objective moments of existence is suspended.  But in this process labour is already incorporated in capital\u003cbr\u003eThe capitalist obtains surplus labour free of charge together with the maintenance of the value of material and instrument\u003cbr\u003eThrough the appropriation of present labour, capital already possesses a claim to the appropriation of future labour\u003cbr\u003eConfusion of profit and surplus value.  Carey's erroneous calculation\u003cbr\u003eThe capitalist, who does not pay the worker for the preservation of the old value, then demands remuneration for giving the worker permission to preserve the old capital\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSurplus Value and Profit\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDifference between consumption of the instrument and of wages.  The former consumed in the production process, the latter outside it\u003cbr\u003eIncrease of surplus value and decrease in rate of profit\u003cbr\u003eMultiplication of simultaneous working days\u003cbr\u003eMachinery\u003cbr\u003eGrowth of the constant part of capital in relation to the variable part spent on wages=growth of the productivity of labour\u003cbr\u003eProportion in which capital has to increase in order to employ the same number of workers if productivity rises\u003cbr\u003ePercentage of total capital can express very different relations\u003cbr\u003eCapital (like property in general) rests on the productivity of labour\u003cbr\u003eIncrease of surplus labour time.  Increase of simultaneous working days. (Population)\u003cbr\u003e(Population can increase in proportion as necessary labour time becomes smaller)\u003cbr\u003eTransition from the process of the production of capital into the process of circulation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection Two: The Circulation Process of Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDevaluation of capital itself owing to increase of productive forces\u003cbr\u003e(Competition)\u003cbr\u003eCapital as unity and contradiction of the production process and the realization process\u003cbr\u003eCapital as limit to production.  Overproduction\u003cbr\u003eDemand by the workers themselves\u003cbr\u003eBarriers to capitalist production\u003cbr\u003eOVerproduction; Proudhon\u003cbr\u003ePrice of the commodity and labour time\u003cbr\u003eThe capitalist does not sell too dear; but still above what the thing costs him\u003cbr\u003ePrice can fall below value without damage to capital\u003cbr\u003eNumber and unit (measure) important in the multiplication of prices\u003cbr\u003eSpecific accumulation of capital.  (Transformation of surplus labour into capital)\u003cbr\u003eThe determination of value and of prices\u003cbr\u003eThe general rate of profit\u003cbr\u003eIf the capitalist merely sells at his own cost of production, then it is a transfer to another capitalist.  The worker gains almost nothing thereby\u003cbr\u003eBarrier of capitalist production.  Relation of surplus labour to necessary labour.  Proportion of the surplus consumed by capital to that transformed into capital\u003cbr\u003eDevaluation during crises\u003cbr\u003eCapital coming out of the production process becomes money again\u003cbr\u003e(Parenthesis on capital in general)\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSurplus Labour or Surplus Value Becomes Surplus Capital\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAll the determinants of capitalist production now appear as the result of (wage) labour itself\u003cbr\u003eThe realization process of labour at the same time its de-realization process\u003cbr\u003eFormation of surplus capital I\u003cbr\u003eSurplus capital II\u003cbr\u003eInversion of the law of appropriation\u003cbr\u003eChief result of the production and realization process\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eOriginal accumulation of capital\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOnce developed historically, capital itself creates the conditions of its existence\u003cbr\u003e(Performance of personal services, as opposed to wage labour)\u003cbr\u003e(Parenthesis on inversion of the law of property, real alien relation of the worker to his product, division of labour, machinery)\u003cbr\u003eForms which precede capitalist production.  (Concerning the process which precedes the formation of the capital relation or of original accumulation)\u003cbr\u003eExchange of labour for labour rests on the worker's propertylessness\u003cbr\u003eCirculation of capital and circulation of money\u003cbr\u003eProduction process and circulation process moments of production.  The productivity of the different capitals (branches of industry) determines that of the individual capital\u003cbr\u003eCirculation period.  Velocity of circulation substitutes for volume of capital.  Mutual dependence of capitals in the velocity of their circulation\u003cbr\u003eThe four moments in the turnover of capital\u003cbr\u003eMoment II to be considered here: transformation of the product into money; duration of this operation. Transport costs.  Circulation costs.  Means of communication and transport\u003cbr\u003eDivision of the branches of labour\u003cbr\u003eConcentration of many workers; productive force of this concentration\u003cbr\u003eGeneral as distinct from particular conditions of production\u003cbr\u003eTransport to market (spatial condition of circulation) belongs in the production process\u003cbr\u003eCredit, the temporal moment of circulation\u003cbr\u003eCapital is circulating capital\u003cbr\u003eInfluence of circulation on the determination of value; circulation time=time of devaluation\u003cbr\u003eDifference between the capitalist mode of production and all earlier ones (universality, propagandistic nature)\u003cbr\u003e(Capital itself is the contradiction)\u003cbr\u003eCirculation and creation of value\u003cbr\u003eCapital not a source of value-creation\u003cbr\u003eContinuity of production presupposes suspension of circulation time\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eTheories of Surplus Value\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRamsay's view that capital is its own source of profit\u003cbr\u003eNo surplus value according to Ricardo's law\u003cbr\u003eRicardo's theory of value.  Wages and profit\u003cbr\u003eQuincey\u003cbr\u003eRicardo\u003cbr\u003eWakefield.  Conditions of capitalist production in colonies\u003cbr\u003eSurplus value and profit.  Example (Malthus)\u003cbr\u003eDifference between labour and labour capacity\u003cbr\u003eCarey's theory of the cheapening of capital for the worker\u003cbr\u003eCarey's theory of the decline of the rate of profit\u003cbr\u003eWakefield on the contradiction between Ricardo's theories of wage labour and of value\u003cbr\u003eBailey on dormant capital and increase of production without previous increase of capital\u003cbr\u003eWade's explanation of capital.  Capital, collective force.  Capital, civilization.\u003cbr\u003eRossi.  What is capital?  Is raw material capital?  Are wages necessary for it?\u003cbr\u003eMalthus.  Theory of value and of wages\u003cbr\u003eAim of capitalist production value (money), not commodity, use value etc. Chalmers\u003cbr\u003eDifference in return.  Interruption of the production process.  Total duration of the production process.  Unequal periods of production\u003cbr\u003eThe concept of the free labourer contains the pauper.  Population and overpopulation\u003cbr\u003eNecessary labour.  Surplus labour.  Surplus population.  Surplus capital\u003cbr\u003eAdam Smith: work as sacrifice\u003cbr\u003eAdam Smith: the origin of profit\u003cbr\u003eSurplus labour.  Profit.  Wages\u003cbr\u003eImmovable capital.  Return of capital.  Fixed capital.  John Stuart Mill\u003cbr\u003eTurnover of capital.  Circulation process.  Production process.  Circulation costs.  Circulation time\u003cbr\u003eCapital's change of form and of substance; different forms of capital; circulation capital as general character of capital\u003cbr\u003eFixed (tied down) capital and circulating capital\u003cbr\u003eConstant and variable capital\u003cbr\u003eCompetition\u003cbr\u003eSurplus value.  Production time.  Circulation time.  Turnover time\u003cbr\u003eCompetition (continued)\u003cbr\u003ePart of capital in production time, part in circulation time\u003cbr\u003eSurplus value and production phase.  Number of reproductions of capital = number of turnovers\u003cbr\u003eChange of form and of matter in the circulation of capital.  C-M-C.  M-C-M\u003cbr\u003eDifference between production time and labour time\u003cbr\u003eFormation of a mercantile estate; credit\u003cbr\u003eSmall-scale circulation.  The process of exchange between capital and labour capacity generally\u003cbr\u003eThreefold character, or mode, of circulation\u003cbr\u003eFixed capital and circulating capital\u003cbr\u003eInfluence of fixed capital on the total turnover time of capital\u003cbr\u003eFixed capital.  Means of labour.  Machine\u003cbr\u003eTransposition of powers of labour into powers of capital both in fixed and in circulatin capital\u003cbr\u003eTo what extent fixed capital (machine) creates value\u003cbr\u003eFixed capital and continuity of the production process.  Machinery and living labour.\u003cbr\u003eContradiction between the foundation of bourgeois production (value as measure) and its development\u003cbr\u003eSignificance of the development of fixed capital (for the development of capital generally)\u003cbr\u003eThe chief role of capital is to create disposable time; contradictory form of this in capital\u003cbr\u003eDurability of fixed capital\u003cbr\u003eReal saving (economy)=saving of labour time=development of productive force\u003cbr\u003eTrue conception of the process of social production\u003cbr\u003eOwen's historical conception of industrial (capitalist) production\u003cbr\u003eCapital and value of natural agencies\u003cbr\u003eScope of fixed capital indicates the level of capitalist production\u003cbr\u003eIs money fixed capital or circulating capital?\u003cbr\u003eTurnover time of capital consisting of fixed capital and circulating capital.  Reproduction time of fixed capital\u003cbr\u003eThe same commodity sometimes circulating capital, sometimes fixed capital\u003cbr\u003eEvery moment which is a presupposition of production is at the same time its result, in that it reproductes its own conditions\u003cbr\u003eThe counter-value of circulating capital must be produced within the year.  Not so for fixed capital.  It engages the production of subsequent years\u003cbr\u003eMaintanence costs of fixed capital\u003cbr\u003eRevenue of fixed capital and circulating capital\u003cbr\u003eFree labour=latent pauperism.  Eden\u003cbr\u003eThe smaller the value of fixed capital in relation to its product, the more useful\u003cbr\u003eMovable and immovable, fixed and circulating\u003cbr\u003eConnection of circulation and reproduction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection Three: Capital as Fructiferous.  Tranformation of Surplus Value into Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRate of profit.  Fall of the rate of profit\u003cbr\u003eSurplus value as profit always expresses a lesser proportion\u003cbr\u003eWakefield, Carey and Bastiat on the rate of profit\u003cbr\u003eCapital and revenue (profit).  Production and distribution.  Sismondi\u003cbr\u003eTransformation of surplus value into profit\u003cbr\u003eLaws of this and transformation\u003cbr\u003eSurplus value=relation of surplus labour to necessary labour\u003cbr\u003eValue of fixed capital and its productive power\u003cbr\u003eMachinery and surplus labour.  Recapitulation of the doctrine of surplus value generally\u003cbr\u003eRelation between the objective conditions of production.  Change in the proportion of the component parts of capital\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eMiscellaneous\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMoney and fixed capital: presupposes a certain amount of wealth.  Relation of fixed capital and circulating capital \u003ci\u003e(Economist)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSlavery and wage labour; profit upon alienation (Steuart)\u003cbr\u003eSteuart, Montanari and Gouge on money\u003cbr\u003eThe wool industry in England since Elizabeth; silk-manufacture; iron; cotton\u003cbr\u003eOrigin of free wage labour.  Vagabondage.  (Tuckett)\u003cbr\u003eBlake on accumulation and rate of profit; dormant capital\u003cbr\u003eDomestic agriculture at the beginning of the sixteenth century.  (Tuckett)\u003cbr\u003eProfit.  Interest.  Influence of machinery on the wage fund.  \u003ci\u003e(Westminster Review)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMoney as measure of values and yardstick of prices.  Critique of theories of the standard measure of money\u003cbr\u003eTransformation of the medium of circulation into money.  Formation of treasures.  Means of payment.  Prices of commodities and quantity of circulating money.  Value of money\u003cbr\u003eCapital, not labour, determines the value of money (Torrens)\u003cbr\u003eThe minimum of wages\u003cbr\u003eCotton machinery and working men in 1826.  (Hodgskin)\u003cbr\u003eHow the machine creates raw material.  \u003ci\u003e(Economist)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMachinery and surplus labour\u003cbr\u003eCapital and profit.  Relation of the worker to the conditions of labour in capitalist production.  All parts of capital bring a profit\u003cbr\u003eTendency of the machine to prolong labour\u003cbr\u003eCotton factories in England.  Example for machinery and surplus labour\u003cbr\u003eExamples from Glasgow for the rate of profit\u003cbr\u003eAlienation of the conditions of labour with the development of capital.  Inversion\u003cbr\u003eMerivale.  Natural dependence of the worker in colonies to be replaced by artificial restrictions\u003cbr\u003eHow the machine saves material.  Bread.  Dureau de la Malle\u003cbr\u003eDevelopment of money and interest\u003cbr\u003eProductive consumpion.  Newman.  Transformations of capital.  Economic cycle\u003cbr\u003eDr. Price.  Innate power of capital\u003cbr\u003eProudhon.  Capital and simple exchange.  Surplus\u003cbr\u003eNecessity of the worker's propertylessness\u003cbr\u003eGaliani\u003cbr\u003eTheory of savings.  Storch\u003cbr\u003eMacCulloch.  Surplus.  Profit\u003cbr\u003eArnd.  Natural interest\u003cbr\u003eInterest and profit.  Carey\u003cbr\u003eHow merchant takes the place of master\u003cbr\u003eMerchant wealth\u003cbr\u003eCommerce with equivalents impossible.  Opdyke\u003cbr\u003ePrincipal and interest\u003cbr\u003eDouble standard\u003cbr\u003eOn money\u003cbr\u003eJames Mill's false theory of prices\u003cbr\u003eRicardo on currency\u003cbr\u003eOn money\u003cbr\u003eTheory of foreign trade.  Two nations may exchange according to the law of profit in such a way that both gain, but one is always defrauded\u003cbr\u003eMoney in its third role, as money\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e(I) Value (This section to be brought forward)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBastiat and Carey\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBastiat's economic harmonies\u003cbr\u003eBastiat on wages\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732375712087,"sku":"9780140445756","price":17.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780140445756.jpg?v=1719996611"},{"product_id":"capital-9780140445701","title":"Capital","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUnfinished at the time of Marx''s death in 1883 and first published with a preface by Frederick Engels in 1894, the third volume of Das Kapital strove to combine the theories and concepts of the two previous volumes in order to prove conclusively that capitalism is inherently unworkable as a permanent system for society. Here, Marx asserts controversially that - regardless of the efforts of individual capitalists, public authorities or even generous philanthropists - any market economy is inevitably doomed to endure a series of worsening, explosive crises leading finally to complete collapse. But healso offers an inspirational and compelling prediction: that the end of capitalism will culminate, ultimately, in the birth of a far greater form of society.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction by Ernest Mandel\u003cbr\u003ePreface (Frederick Engels)\u003cbr\u003eBOOK III: THE PROCESS OF CAPITALIST PRODUCTION AS A WHOLE\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART ONE: THE TRANSFORMATION OF SURPLUS-VALUE INTO PROFIT, AND OF THE RATE OF SURPLUS-VALUE INTO THE RATE OF PROFIT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1: Cost Price and Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2: The Rate of Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3: The Relationship between Rate of Profit and Rate of Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4: The Effect of the Turnover on the Rate of Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5: Economy in the Use of Constant Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. General Considerations\u003cbr\u003e2. Saving on the Conditions of Work at the Workers' Expense\u003cbr\u003e3. Economy in the Generation and Transmission of Power, and on Buildings\u003cbr\u003e4. Utilization of the Refuse of Production\u003cbr\u003e5. Economy through Inventions\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6: The Effect of Changes in Price \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Fluctuations in the Price of Raw Material; Their Direct Effects on the Rate of Profit\u003cbr\u003e2. Revaluation and Devaluation of Capital; Release and Tying-Up of Capital\u003cbr\u003e3. General Illustration: The Cotton Crisis 1861-5\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7: Supplementary Remarks \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART TWO: THE TRANSFORMATION OF PROFIT INTO AVERAGE PROFIT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8: Different Compositions of Capital in Different Branches of Production, and the Resulting Variation in Rates of Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9: Formation of a General Rate of Profit (Average Rate of Profit), and Transformation of Commodity Values into Prices of Production\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10: The Equalization of the General Rate of Profit through Competition. Market Prices and Market Values. Surplus Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11: The Effects of General Fluctuations in Wages on the Prices of Production\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12: Supplementary Remarks\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Causes of a Change in the Price of Production\u003cbr\u003e2. The Production Price of Commodities of Average Composition\u003cbr\u003e3. The Capitalist's Grounds for Compensation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART THREE: THE LAW OF THE TENDENTIAL FALL IN THE RATE OF PROFIT \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13: The Law Itself\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14: Counteracting Factors\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. More Intense Exploitation of Labour\u003cbr\u003e2. Reduction of Wages below their Value\u003cbr\u003e3. Cheapening of the Elements of Constant Capital\u003cbr\u003e4. The Relative Surplus Population\u003cbr\u003e5. Foreign Trade\u003cbr\u003e6. The Increase in Share Capital\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15: Development of the Law's Internal Contradictions \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. General Considerations\u003cbr\u003e2. The Conflict between the Extension of Production and Valorization\u003cbr\u003e3. Surplus Capital alongside Surplus Population\u003cbr\u003e4. Supplementary Remarks\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART FOUR: THE TRANSFORMATION OF COMMODITY CAPITAL AND MONEY CAPITAL INTO COMMERCIAL CAPITAL AND MONEY-DEALING CAPITAL (MERCHANT'S CAPITAL) \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16: Commercial Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17: Commercial Profit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18: The Turnover of Commercial Capital. Prices\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19. Money-Dealing Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20: Historical Material on Merchant's Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART FIVE: THE DIVISION OF PROFIT INTO INTEREST AND PROFIT OF ENTERPRISE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21: Interest-Bearing Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 22: Division of Profit. Rate of Interest. \"Natural\" Rate of Interest\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 23: Interest and Profit of Enterprise\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 24: Interest-Bearing Capital as the Superficial Form of the Capital Relation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 25: Credit and Fictitious Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 26: Accumulation of Money Capital, and its Influence on the Rate of Interest\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 27: The Role of Credit in Capitalist Production\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 28: Means of Circulation and CApital. The Views of Tooke and Fullarton\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 29: Banking Capital's Component Parts\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 30: Money Capital and Real Capital: I\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 31: Money Capital and Real Capital: II (Continuation)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Transformation of Money into Loan Capital\u003cbr\u003e2. Transformation of Capital or Revenue into Money that is Transformed into Loan Capital\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 32: Money Capital and Real Capital: III (Conclusion) \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 33: The Means of Circulation under the Credit System\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 34: The Currency Principle and the English Bank Legislation of 1844\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 35: Precious Metal and Rate of Exchange\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Movement of the Gold Reserve\u003cbr\u003e2. The Exchange Rate\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 36: Pre-Capitalist Relations \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART SIX: THE TRANSFORMATION OF SURPLUS PROFIT INTO GROUND-RENT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 37: Introduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 38: Differential Rent in General\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 39: The First Form of Differential Rent (Differential Rent I)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 40: The Second Form of Differential Rent (Differential Rent II)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 41: Differential Rent II - First Case: Price of Production Constant\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 42: Differential Rent II - Second Case: Price of Production Falling\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. With the Productivity of the Extra Capital Investment Remaining Constant\u003cbr\u003e2. A Falling Rate of Productivity for the Extra Capital\u003cbr\u003e3. A Rising Rate of Productivity for the Extra Capital\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 43: Differential Rent II - Third Case: Rising Price of Production. Results \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 44: Differential Rent Even on the Poorest Land Cultivated\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 45: Absolute Ground-Rent\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 46: Rent of Buildings. Rent of Mines. Price of Land\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 47: The Genesis of Capitalist Ground-Rent\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2. Labour Rent\u003cbr\u003e3. Rent in Kind\u003cbr\u003e4. Money Rent\u003cbr\u003e5. Share-Cropping and Small-Scale Peasant Ownership\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART SEVEN: THE REVENUES AND THEIR SOURCES \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 48: The Trinity Formula\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 49: On the Analysis of the Production Process\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 50: The Illusion Created by Competition\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 51: Relations of Distribution and Relations of Production\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 52: Classes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSupplement and Addendum to Volume 3 of \u003ci\u003eCapital\u003c\/i\u003e (Frederick Engels) \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Law of Value and Rate of Profit\u003cbr\u003e2. The Stock Exchange\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuotations in Languages Other than English and German\u003cbr\u003eIndex of Authorities Quoted\u003cbr\u003eGeneral Index\u003cbr\u003eNote on Previous Editions of the Works of Marx and Engels\u003cbr\u003eChronology of Works by Marx and Engels\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732375744855,"sku":"9780140445701","price":17.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780140445701.jpg?v=1719996611"},{"product_id":"capital-9780140445695","title":"Capital","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe forgotten second volume of Capital, Marx''s world-shaking analysis of economics, politics, and history, contains the vital discussion of commodity, the cornerstone to Marx''s theories.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCapital Volume 2       Introduction\u003cbr\u003eTranslator's Preface\u003cbr\u003ePreface (Frederick Engels)\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the Second Edition (Frederick Engels)\u003cbr\u003eBook II: The Process of Circulation of Capital\u003cbr\u003ePart One: The Metamorphoses of Capital and their Circuit\u003cb\u003eChapter 1: The Circuit of Money Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. First Stage. M-C\u003cbr\u003e2. Second Stage. The Function of Productive Capital\u003cbr\u003e3. Third Stage. C'-M'\u003cbr\u003e4. The Circuit as a Whole\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2: The Circuit of Productive Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Simple Reproduction\u003cbr\u003e2. Accumulation and Reproduction on an Expanded Scale\u003cbr\u003e3. Accumulation of Money\u003cbr\u003e4. The Reserve Fund\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3: The Circuit of Commodity Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4: The Three Figures of the Circuit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e(Natural Economy, Money Economy and Credit Economy)\u003cbr\u003e(The Matching of Demand and Supply)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5: Circulation Time\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6: The Costs of Circulation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Pure Circulation Costs\u003cbr\u003e(a) Buying and Selling Time\u003cbr\u003e(b) Book-keeping\u003cbr\u003e(c) Money\u003cbr\u003e2. Costs of Storage\u003cbr\u003e(a) Stock Formation in General\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Commodity Stock Proper\u003cbr\u003e3. Transport Costs\u003cbr\u003ePart Two: The Turnover of Capital\u003cb\u003eChapter 7: Turnover Time and Number of Turnovers\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8: Fixed Capital and Circulating Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Formal Distinctions\u003cbr\u003e2. Components, Replacement, Repairs and Accumulation of the Fixed Capital\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9: The Overall Turnover of the Capital Advanced. Turnover Cycles\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10: Theories of Fixed and Circulating Capital. The Physiocrats and Adam Smith\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11: Theories of Fixed and Circulating Capital. Ricardo\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12: The Working Period\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13: Production Time\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14: Circulation Time\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15: Effect of Circulation Time on the Magnitude of the Capital Advanced\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Working Period and Circulation Period Equal\u003cbr\u003e2. Working Period Longer than Circulation Period\u003cbr\u003e3. Working Period Shorter than Circulation Period\u003cbr\u003e4. Results\u003cbr\u003e5. Effect of Changes in Price\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16: The Turnover of Variable Capital\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Annual Rate of Surplus-Value\u003cbr\u003e2. The Turnover of an Individual Variable Capital\u003cbr\u003e3. The Turnover of Variable Capital Considered from the Social Point of View\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17: The Circulation of Surplus-Value\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Simple Reproduction\u003cbr\u003e2. Accumulation and Expanded Reproduction\u003cbr\u003ePart Three: The Reproduction and Circulation of the Total Social Capital\u003cb\u003eChapter 18: Introduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Object of the Inquiry\u003cbr\u003e2. The Role of Money Capital\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19: Former Presentations of the Subject\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. The Physiocrats\u003cbr\u003e2. Adam Smith\u003cbr\u003e(a) Smith's General Perspectives\u003cbr\u003e(b) Smith's Resolution of Exchange-Value into v+s\u003cbr\u003e(c) The Constant Capital Component\u003cbr\u003e(d) Capital and Revenue in Adam Smith\u003cbr\u003e(e) Summary\u003cbr\u003e3. Later Writers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20: Simple Reproduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Formulation of the Problem\u003cbr\u003e2. The Two Departments of Social Production\u003cbr\u003e3. Exchange Between the Two Departments: I against II\u003cbr\u003e4. Exchange Within Department II. Necessary Means of Subsistence and Luxury Items\u003cbr\u003e5. The Mediation of the Exchanges by Monetary Circulation\u003cbr\u003e6. The Constant Capital in Department I\u003cbr\u003e7. Variable Capital and Surplus-Value in the Two Departments\u003cbr\u003e8. The Constant Capital in Both Departments\u003cbr\u003e9. A Look Back at Adam Smith, Storch and Ramsay\u003cbr\u003e10. Capital and Revenue: Variable Capital and Wages\u003cbr\u003e11. Replacement of the Fixed Capital\u003cbr\u003e(a) Replacement of the Depreciation Component in the Money Form\u003cbr\u003e(b) Replacement of the Fixed Capital in Kind\u003cbr\u003e(c) Results\u003cbr\u003e12. The Reproduction of the Money Material\u003cbr\u003e13. Destutt de Tracy's Theory of Reproduction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21: Accumulation and Reproduction on an Expanded Scale\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Accumulation in Department I\u003cbr\u003e(a) Hoard Formation\u003cbr\u003e(b) The Additional Constant Capital\u003cbr\u003e(c) The Additional Variable Capital\u003cbr\u003e2. Accumulation in Department II\u003cbr\u003e3. Schematic Presentation of Accumulation\u003cbr\u003e(a) First Example\u003cbr\u003e(b) Second Example\u003cbr\u003e(c) The Exchange of II in the Case of Accumulation\u003cbr\u003e4. Supplementary Remarks\u003cbr\u003eQuotations in Languages Other than English and German\u003cbr\u003eIndex of Authorities Quoted\u003cbr\u003eGeneral Index\u003cbr\u003eNote on Previous Editions of the Works of Marx and Engels\u003cbr\u003eChronology of Works by Marx and Engels","brand":"Penguin Books Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732375777623,"sku":"9780140445695","price":15.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780140445695.jpg?v=1719996612"},{"product_id":"the-communist-manifesto-9780199535712","title":"The Communist Manifesto","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Communist Manifesto is one of the most influential pieces of political propaganda ever written. It is a summary of the whole Marxist vision of history and is the foundation document of the Marxist movement.Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were aged 29 and 27 respectively when The Communist Manifesto was published on the eve of the 1848 revolutions. The authors had been close collaborators since 1844, and the Manifesto is a condensed and incisive account of the world-view they had evolved during their hectic intellectual and political involvement of the previous few years.This new edition is critically and textually up to date, and includes the Prefaces written by Marx and Engels subsequent to the 1848 edition. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World''s Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford''s commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn excellent and scholarly edition with a very useful introduction and notes - very accessible and informative for students with little to no background knowledge. \/ Rebecca Braun, Lancaster University","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732844163415,"sku":"9780199535712","price":6.23,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199535712.jpg?v=1719998638"},{"product_id":"capital-an-abridged-edition-oxford-worlds-classics-9780199535705","title":"Capital An Abridged Edition Oxford Worlds","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA classic of early modernism, Capital combines vivid historical detail with economic analysis to produce a bitter denunciation of mid-Victorian capitalist society. It has also proved to be the most influential work in social science in the twentieth century; Marx did for social science what Darwin had done for biology.  Millions of readers this century have treated Capital as a sacred text, subjecting it to as many different interpretations as the bible itself. No mere work of dry economics, Marx''s great work depicts the unfolding of industrial capitalism as a tragic drama - with a message which has lost none of its relevance today.  This is the only abridged edition to take account of the whole of Capital. It offers virtually all of Volume 1, which Marx himself published in 1867, excerpts from a new translation of `The Result of the Immediate Process of Production'', and a selection of key chapters from Volume 3, which Engels published in 1895. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World''s Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford''s commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732844196183,"sku":"9780199535705","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780199535705.jpg?v=1719998638"},{"product_id":"the-communist-manifesto-with-an-introduction-by-yanis-varoufakis-9781784873691","title":"The Communist Manifesto: with an introduction by","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Communist Manifesto \u003c\/i\u003eis a timeless classic providing intelligent insight into socialism, communism and today’s group identity politics.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e                                                                                                                                                                                    This pocket edition includes a new introduction by the economist and bestselling author of \u003ci\u003eAdults in the Room\u003c\/i\u003e, Yanis Varoufakis.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Communist Manifesto\u003c\/i\u003e was first published in London in 1848, by two young men in their late twenties. Its impact reverberated across the globe and throughout the next century, and it has come to be recognised as one of the most important political texts ever written. Maintaining that the history of all societies is a history of class struggle, the manifesto proclaims that communism is the only route to equality, and is a call to action aimed at the proletariat. It is an essential read for anyone seeking to understand our modern political landscape.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Vintage Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48741296701783,"sku":"9781784873691","price":6.83,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781784873691.jpg?v=1720057169"},{"product_id":"the-political-writings-9781788736862","title":"The Political Writings","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKarl Marx was not only the great theorist of capitalism, he was also a superb journalist, politician and historian. For the first time ever, this book brings together all of his essential political and historical writings in one volume. These writings allow us to see the depth and range of Marx's mature work from the tumultuous revolutions of 1848 that rocked European society through to the end of his life. Including \u003ci\u003eThe Communist Manifesto, The Class Struggles in France\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eThe Critique of the Gotha Programme\u003c\/i\u003e, this volume shows Marx at his most astute, analysing the forces of global capitalism as they played out in actual events.","brand":"Verso Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48741628346711,"sku":"9781788736862","price":27.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781788736862.jpg?v=1720058198"},{"product_id":"the-communist-manifesto-the-april-theses-9781839764233","title":"The Communist Manifesto \/ The April Theses","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was the 1917 Russian Revolution that transformed the scale of the Communist Manifesto, making it the key text for socialists everywhere. On the centenary of this upheaval, this volume pairs Marx and Engels's most famous work with Lenin's own revolutionary manifesto, \"The April Theses,\" which lifts politics from the level of everyday banalities to become an art-form.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Communist Manifesto\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e\"Oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.\"\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Communist Manifesto\u003c\/i\u003e is the most influential political text ever written-few other calls to action have stirred and changed the world. Now, in the wake of a punishing financial crisis, in a world built on regimes of permanent austerity, each rife with horrific disparities in wealth, this short book remains a reference point for those trying to understand the transformations being wrought by capitalism and its concomitant forms of exploitation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis centenary edition includes a new introduction by Tariq Ali, contextualizing the period-the eve of the 1848 revolutions-in which Marx and Engels penned their masterpiece and argues that it desperately needs a successor.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\"The April Theses\"\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e\"The chain breaks first at its weakest link.\"\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Lenin's \"April Theses,\" written in 1917, he presented his ten analytical maxims, outlining a programme to accelerate and complete the revolution that had begun in February of that year. Now, on the revolution's centenary, Verso presents them here alongside Lenin's 'Letters from Afar', written in exile that March and addressed to his comrades in Petrograd. In these missives, he offers advice and instruction to comrades pushing ahead with their ideals in the aftermath of the February revolution.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe introduction by Tariq Ali traces \u003ci\u003eThe Communist Manifesto\u003c\/i\u003e's influence on Lenin's \"April Theses,\" the text that brought the manifesto to life and made it one of the most widely read books in history. For Lenin, writes Ali, it was the birth of imperialism, the legitimate offspring of capitalism, that signalled the end of the latter's \"progressive capacities.\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is still one of the most influential political documents ever written. * Guardian *","brand":"Verso Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48742011175255,"sku":"9781839764233","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"the-german-ideology-a-new-abridgement-9781913462956","title":"The German Ideology: A New Abridgement","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA new abridgement of Marx and Engels's 1846 reckoning with the philosophical tradition, edited and with an introduction by philosopher Tom Whyman.  Edited and with an introduction by philosopher Tom Whyman, this new abridged version The German Ideology sheds new light on one of the most difficult, disputed texts in Marx's oeuvre.  Written in 1846 and subsequently abandoned by Marx and Engels, only to be rescued in the 1930s by researchers in the USSR, The German Ideology is the high point of Marx's philosophical thought: a brilliantly insightful, still thrillingly radical work of materialist philosophical therapy. Yet there remains no wholly satisfactory stand-alone version in English, with only a heavily abridged 1970 edition edited by C.J. Arthur, or a facsimile edition taken from Vol. 5 of the Marx-Engels Collected Works, which does not include satisfactory scholarly notes, currently available.   In this new Repeater Classics edition, Tom Whyman seeks to remedy this. By expanding on generally-available abridgements to include the bulk of the section on Max Stirner, as well as amending the translation, adding notes and providing a new critical introduction, this new edition of The German Ideology will allow non-specialists to engage with this critical work for the first time.   At a time when interest in Marx's work is increasing, as people look for an alternative to our currently failing political system, this new edition of The German Ideology will bring Marx's most substantial vision of what communism might actually be like to a whole new audience.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"A much-needed popular edition of The German Ideology. Read this if you want to understand the explosive philosophy of Marx and Engels.\"","brand":"Watkins Media Limited","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48742737314135,"sku":"9781913462956","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781913462956.jpg?v=1720062619"},{"product_id":"wagelabour-and-capital-and-value-price-and-profit-9780717804702","title":"WageLabour and Capital and Value Price and Profit","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"International Publishers Co Inc.,U.S.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48865629995351,"sku":"9780717804702","price":14.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"marx-selected-writings-9780872202184","title":"Marx Selected Writings","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFeaturing the works from Marx's enormous corpus, this title covers Marx's development from the Hegelian idealism of his youth to the mature socialism of his later works. It includes writings from Marx's early philosophical works, and the central writings on historical materialism.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Introductions are solid, accurate, readable, authoritative. The editor is well informed, and the selections provide a balanced introduction to Marx's central thoughts. --Daniel Little, Colgate University\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Hackett Publishing Co, Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866127249751,"sku":"9780872202184","price":21.84,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780872202184.jpg?v=1722277171"},{"product_id":"the-communist-manifesto-selected-writings-9781509852956","title":"The Communist Manifesto \u0026 Selected Writings","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eDesigned to appeal to the booklover, the Macmillan Collector's Library is a series of beautiful gift editions of much loved classic titles. Macmillan Collector's Library are books to love and treasure. This edition contains the most salient extracts from Marx's great work, selected and introduced by Hugh Griffith.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKarl Marx’s \u003ci\u003eCommunist Manifesto\u003c\/i\u003e, first printed just before the French revolution of 1848, is his most accessible and famous work.  In his powerful call to arms, Marx expounds his famous theory that class struggle is the real determinant of historical change. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNext in this volume comes his treatise, \u003ci\u003eWages, Price and Profit\u003c\/i\u003e, written in 1865, which serves as an accessible introduction to the ideas which Marx went on to develop in \u003ci\u003eCapital\u003c\/i\u003e, his masterful, multi-volume analysis of how the world was irreversibly changed by the industrial revolution. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhilst old-style Marxism is now dead and buried, today's conflicts within capitalism are as sharp as ever and Marx’s brilliant, painstaking writings remain incredibly relevant.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pan Macmillan","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48867407823191,"sku":"9781509852956","price":10.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"the-communist-manifesto-9781804470251","title":"The Communist Manifesto","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWorking men of all countries, unite! First published in 1848, The Communist Manifesto is one of the most influential pieces of writing of all time. Written by two leading German philosophers whose names are now universally known, The Communist Manifesto is a documentation of class struggle and the plight of workers under capitalism, and a call for redress. In it, Marx and Engels lay out a searing account of the damage wrought by capitalism, and set out a route towards an alternative: a society without class, private property or a state. Beating a path for revolution and the overthrow of capitalism, The Communist Manifesto is a stirring call to arms that resounds with truth and power today.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'As a force for change, its influence has been surpassed only by the Bible. As a piece of writing, it is a masterpiece.' (Guardian) 'The words of The Communist Manifesto flare like the fiery writing on the wall above the crumbling bastions of capitalist society.' 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