{"title":"Alternative and renewable energy sources Books","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"turn-me-on-9781423605195","title":"Turn Me on","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Gibbs M. Smith Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47836942270807,"sku":"9781423605195","price":7.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781423605195.jpg?v=1710386361"},{"product_id":"cradle-to-cradle-9780099535478","title":"Cradle to Cradle","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRecycling is good, isn't it? \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eIn this visionary book, chemist Michael Braungart and architect William McDonough challenge this status quo and put forward a manifesto for an intriguing and radically different philosophy of environmentalism.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReduce, reuse, recycle. This is the standard cradle to grave manufacturing model dating back to the Industrial Revolution that we still follow today. In this thought-provoking read, the authors propose that instead of minimising waste, we should be striving to create value. This is the essence of Cradle to Cradle: waste need not to exist at all. By providing a framework of redesign of everything from carpets to corporate campuses, McDonough and Braungart make a revolutionary yet viable case for change and for remaking the way we make things.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe best argument for good design is that it lasts. The best argument for good science is that it deplores waste. I'm bored with guilty and technologically illiterate environmental Luddites describing a future of guilt and privation led in caves. There's an alternative responsible future persuasively offered by Braungart and McDonough. The survival of the planet can be re-stated in terms of \u003cbr\u003estimulus, opportunity, challenge and reward. Works for me.\u003c\/p\u003e -- Stephen Bayley\u003cbr\u003eAlready embraced by far-thinking manufacturers and governments. * Food Ethics Magazine *\u003cbr\u003eIt's one of the most thought-provoking books I've ever read -- Ellen Macarthur * Daily Express *\u003cbr\u003eEnvironmentalists too rarely apply the ecological wisdom of life to our problems. Asking how a cherry tree would design an energy efficient building is only one of the creative 'practices' that McDonough and Braungart spread, like a field of wild flowers, before their readers. This book will give you renewed hope that, indeed, 'it is darkest before the dawn' -- Carl Pope, Executive Director of the Sierra Club\u003cbr\u003eAchieving the great economic transition to more equitable, ecologically sustainable societies requires nothing less than a design revolution - beyond today's fossilized industrialism. This enlightened and enlightening book shows us how - and indeed, that 'God is in the details.' A must for every library and every concerned citizen -- Hazel Henderson, author of \"Building a Win-Win World and Beyond Globalization: Shaping a Sustainable Global Economy\"","brand":"Vintage Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732276588887,"sku":"9780099535478","price":9.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780099535478.jpg?v=1719996235"},{"product_id":"renewable-energy-9780198759751","title":"Renewable Energy","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eThe provision of sustainable energy supplies for an expanding and increasingly productive world is one of the major issues facing civilisation today.  Renewable Energy  examines both the practical and economic potential of the renewable energy sources to meet this challenge. The underlying physical and technological principles behind deriving power from direct solar (solar thermal and photovoltaics), indirect solar (biomass, hydro, wind and wave) and non-solar (tidal and geothermal) energy sources are explained, within the context of their environmental impacts, their economics and their future prospects. Renewable Energy  provides both perspective and detail on the relative merits and state of progress of technologies for utilizing the various ''renewables''. The analysis considers emissions, sustainability, cost implications and energy security, as political and economic pressures move society towards a low-carbon future. From an overview of basic energy conversion processes, through\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/h2\u003eReview from previous edition I have reviewed many textbooks on renewable energy and this one stands clearly above them all. It provides an excellent balance between technical content and practical application. * Douglas J Reinemann, Professor of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA *\u003cbr\u003eThe quality of illustrations in  Renewable Energy , as well as the inclusion of energy data for North America, make this and its sister volume,  Energy Systems and Sustainability , my top choice for any energy program in higher education. * James Leidel, Director of Clean Energy Syctems, Oakland University, USA *\u003cbr\u003eA great introductory text for teaching, and an excellent reference for your bookshelf. * Ian Mason, University of Canterbury, NZ *\u003cbr\u003eAn excellent overview of all the principal renewable energy technologies, placing them in the context of the overall power system. Individual chapters are all written by experts, but edited into a common style so that the level of detail is comparable across all chapters. The best book of its sort on the market. * Paul Younger, University of Glasgow *\u003cbr\u003eExcellent textbook for an introductory course on renewable energy systems. Some mathematical principles are introduced to reinforce concepts. Overall excellent material to get undergraduate students engaged with the field before digging into the detail. * Tom Norton, Harper Adams University, UK *\u003cbr\u003eThis textbook continues the high standards of previous editions in terms of the clarity with which it explains the technologies while offering high quality graphics. * Peter Connor, University of Exeter *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e1: Introducing Renewable Energy 2: Thermodynamics and Heat Pumps 3: Solar Thermal Energy 4: Solar Photovoltaics 5: Bioenergy 6: Hydroelectricity 7: Tidal Power 8: Wind Energy 9: Wave Energy 10: Geothermal Energy 11: Integrating Renewable Energy 12: Renewable Energy Futures A1: Appendix: Investing in renewable energy A2: Appendix: Units","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732779643223,"sku":"9780198759751","price":60.79,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780198759751.jpg?v=1719998364"},{"product_id":"renewable-energy-9780198825401","title":"Renewable Energy","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eWith growing concerns over climate change and air pollution, the need to switch from fossil fuels to clean and renewable sources of energy has become pressing. Here, Nick Jelley describes the main renewables, explains how wind and solar farms can provide the cheapest energy in many parts of the world, and calls for urgent action.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/h2\u003eA wonderful combination of a tour of the basics of renewable energy, and a great update on the ever-changing statistics in this fast changing, and world-changing energy sector. * Professor Daniel M Kammen, University of California, Berkeley *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003eList of illustrations 1: What are renewables? 2: Why do we need renewables? 3: Biomass, solar heat, and hydropower 4: Wind power 5: Solar photovoltaics 6: Other low carbon technologies 7: Renewable electricity and energy storage 8: Renewable heat and electric vehicles 9: The transition to renewablesFurther readingIndex","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48732798419287,"sku":"9780198825401","price":12.21,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"sustainable-energy-choosing-among-options-the-mit-press-9780262017473","title":"Sustainable Energy Choosing Among Options The MIT","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"MIT Press Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48733443227991,"sku":"9780262017473","price":81.7,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780262017473.jpg?v=1720000101"},{"product_id":"improving-product-reliability-and-software-quality-strategies-tools-process-and-implementation-2e-9781119179399","title":"Improving Product Reliability and Software","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout the Authors xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Figures xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Tables xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeries Editor's Foreword xxvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeries Foreword Second Edition xxix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeries Foreword First Edition xxxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword First Edition xxxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface Second Edition xxxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface First Edition xxxvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xli\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary xliii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Reliability and Software Quality – It’s a Matter of Survival \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 The Need for a New Paradigm for Hardware Reliability and Software Quality \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Rapidly Shifting Challenges for Hardware Reliability and Software Quality 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Gaining Competitive Advantage 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Competing in the Next Decade –Winners Will Compete on Reliability 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Concurrent Engineering 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Reducing the Number of Engineering Change Orders at Product Release 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Time-to-Market Advantage 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Accelerating Product Development 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Identifying and Managing Risks 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 ICM, a Process to Mitigate Risk 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Software Quality Overview 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Barriers to Implementing Hardware Reliability and Software Quality \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e15\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Lack of Understanding 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Internal Barriers 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Implementing Change and Change Agents 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Building Credibility 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Perceived External Barriers 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Time to Gain Acceptance 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 External Barrier 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Barriers to Software Process Improvement 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Understanding Why Products Fail \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e25\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Why Things Fail 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Parts Have Improved, Everyone Can Build Quality Products 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Hardware Reliability and Software Quality –The New Paradigm 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Reliability vs. Quality Escapes 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Why Software Quality Improvement Programs Are Unsuccessful 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Alternative Approaches to Implementing Reliability \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e33\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Hiring Consultants for HALT Testing 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Outsourcing Reliability Testing 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Using Consultants to Develop and Implement a Reliability Program 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Hiring Reliability Engineers 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Unraveling the Mystery \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e37\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 The Product Life Cycle \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e39\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Six Phases of the Product Life Cycle 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Risk Mitigation 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 The ICM Process for a Small Company 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Design Guidelines 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Warranty 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReliability Process 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDFM 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Reliability Concepts \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e49\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 The Bathtub Curve 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Mean Time between Failure 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Warranty Costs 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Availability 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Reliability Growth 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Reliability Demonstration Testing 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Maintenance and Availability 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Component Derating 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Component Uprating 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReliability Growth 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReliability Demonstration 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrognostics and Health Management 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 FMEA \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e73\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Benefits of FMEA 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Components of FMEA 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Preparing for the FMEA 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Barriers to the FMEA Process 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 FMEA Ground Rules 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Using Macros to Improve FMEA Efficiency and Effectiveness 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Software FMEA 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Software Fault Tree Analysis (SFTA) 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Process FMEAs 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 FMMEA 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 The Reliability Toolbox \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e101\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 The HALT Process 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Highly Accelerated Stress Screening (HASS) 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 HALT and HASS Test Chambers 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Accelerated Reliability Growth (ARG) 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Accelerated Early Life Test (ELT) 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 SPC Tool 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 FIFO Tool 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFMEA 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHALT 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHASS 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBurn-in 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eESS 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUp Rating 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Software Quality Goals and Metrics \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Setting Software Quality Goals 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Software Metrics 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Lines of Code (LOC) 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Defect Density 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Defect Models 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Defect Run Chart 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Escaped Defect Rate 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Code Coverage 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Software Quality Analysis Techniques \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e151\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Root Cause Analysis 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 The 5 Whys 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Cause and Effect Diagrams 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Pareto Charts 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Defect Prevention, Defect Detection, and Defensive Programming 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Effort Estimation 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Software Life Cycles \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e159\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Waterfall 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Agile 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 CMMI 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 How to Choose a Software Life Cycle 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Software Procedures and Techniques \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e167\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Gathering Requirements 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Documenting Requirements 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Documentation 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Code Comments 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Reviews and Inspections 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Traceability 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Defect Tracking 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Software and Hardware Integration 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Why Hardware Reliability and Software Quality Improvement Efforts Fail \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e183\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Lack of Commitment to the Reliability Process 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Inability to Embrace and Mitigate Technologies Risk Issues 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Choosing the Wrong People for the Job 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Inadequate Funding 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Inadequate Resources 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 MIL-HDBK 217 –Why It Is Obsolete 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Finding But Not Fixing Problems 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Nondynamic Testing 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Vibration Testing Too Difficult to Implement 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 The Impact of Late Hardware or Late Software Delivery 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.11 Supplier Reliability 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Supplier Management \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e199\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Purchasing Interface 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Identifying Your Critical Suppliers 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Develop a Thorough Supplier Audit Process 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Develop Rapid Nonconformance Feedback 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Develop a Materials Review Board (MRB) 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Counterfeit Parts and Materials 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Steps to Successful Implementation \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e205\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Establishing a Reliability Lab \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Staffing for Reliability 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 The Reliability Lab 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Facility Requirements 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Liquid Nitrogen Requirements 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Air Compressor Requirements 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Selecting a Reliability Lab Location 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Selecting a Halt Test Chamber 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Hiring and Staffing the Right People \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Staffing for Reliability 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Staffing for Software Engineers 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Choosing the Wrong People for the Job 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Implementing the Reliability Process \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e229\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Reliability Is Everyone’s Job 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Formalizing the Reliability Process 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Implementing the Reliability Process 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Rolling Out the Reliability Process 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Developing a Reliability Culture 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Setting Reliability Goals 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Training 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.8 Product Life Cycle Defined 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.9 Proactive and Reactive Reliability Activities 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReliability Process 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV Reliability and Quality Process for Product Development \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Product Concept Phase \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Reliability Activities in the Product Concept Phase 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Establish the Reliability Organization 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Define the Reliability Process 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Define the Product Reliability Requirements 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Capture and Apply Lessons Learned 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Mitigate Risk 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Design Concept Phase \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Reliability Activities in the Design Concept Phase 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Set Reliability Requirements and Budgets 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Define Reliability Design Guidelines 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Revise Risk Mitigation 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Schedule Reliability Activities and Capital Budgets 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Decide Risk Mitigation Sign-off Day 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Reflect on What Worked Well 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Product Design Phase \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e273\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Product Design Phase 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Reliability Estimates 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Implementing Risk Mitigation Plans 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Design for Reliability Guidelines (DFR) 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Design FMEA 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Installing a Failure Reporting Analysis and Corrective Action System 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 HALT Planning 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8 HALT Test Development 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9 Risk Mitigation Meeting 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFMEA 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHALT 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Design Validation Phase \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e299\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Design Validation 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Using HALT to Precipitate Failures 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Proof of Screen (POS) 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Highly Accelerated Stress Screen (HASS) 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Operate FRACAS 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Design FMEA 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7 Closure of Risk Issues 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFMEA 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcceleration Methods 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eESS 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHALT 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Software Testing and Debugging \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Unit Tests 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Integration Tests 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 System Tests 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Regression Tests 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Security Tests 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Guidelines for Creating Test Cases 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 Test Plans 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.8 Defect Isolation Techniques 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.9 Instrumentation and Logging 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Applying Software Quality Procedures \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e335\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Using Defect Model to Create Defect Run Chart 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Using Defect Run Chart to Know When You Have Achieved the Quality Target 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Using Root Cause Analysis on Defects to Improve Organizational Quality Delivery 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Continuous Integration and Test 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Production Phase \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e341\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Accelerating Design Maturity 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Reliability Growth 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Design and Process FMEA 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFMEA 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReliability Growth 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBurn-In 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHASS 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 End-of-Life Phase \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e359\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Managing Obsolescence 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Product Termination 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Project Assessment 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 Field Service \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e363\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Design for Ease of Access 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 Identify High Replacement Assemblies (FRUs) 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Wearout Replacement 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4 Preemptive Servicing 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5 Servicing Tools 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.6 Service Loops 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.7 Availability or Repair Time Turnaround 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.8 Avoid System Failure Through Redundancy 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.9 Random versus Wearout Failures 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e369\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Reliability Consultants 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Graduate Reliability Engineering Programs and Reliability Certification Programs 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 Reliability Professional Organizations and Societies 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4 Reliability Training Classes 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5 Environmental Testing Services 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.6 HALT Test Chambers 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.7 Reliability Websites 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.8 Reliability Software 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.9 Reliability Seminars and Conferences 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.10 Reliability Journals 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix B \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e387\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1 MTBF, FIT, and PPM Conversions 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2 Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3 Estimating Field Failures 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3.1 Comparing Repairable to Nonrepairable Systems 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 399\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738357870935,"sku":"9781119179399","price":80.06,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"geologic-fundamentals-of-geothermal-energy-9781498708777","title":"Geologic Fundamentals of Geothermal Energy","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeothermal energy stands out because it can be used as a baseload resource. This book, unlike others, examines the geology related to geothermal applications. Geology dictates (a) how geothermal resources can be found, (b) the nature of the geothermal resource (such as liquid- or vapor-dominated) and (c) how the resource might be developed ultimately (such as flash or binary geothermal plants). The compilation and distillation of geological elements of geothermal systems into a single reference fills a notable gap.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Anyone in the business of geothermal energy would find this book to be a valuable reference and an excellent treatise on why understanding the geological setting of geothermal systems is essential for a profitable enterprise. The book will also be of interest to geoscientists and engineers involved in the discovery and mining of metallic ore deposits.\"\u003cbr\u003e— Jonathan G. Price, Nevada State Geologist Emeritus; Reno University of Nevada, Reno, USA\u003cem\u003e \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"I really like the focus on the geologic aspects of geothermal energy, and the description of the physical and chemical properties of water and its importance in extracting heat from the earth and altering the host rock is excellent. I’m excited to bring this book into my classroom. The end-of-chapter questions are thought provoking and could be easily incorporated into an exam, in-class discussion or role-playing activity. I think this text will be an excellent contribution to geothermal energy classrooms and as a reference for geothermal geologists.\" \u003cbr\u003e— Pete Stelling, Western Washington University, USA\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"The topics are well thought out and organized. Dr. Boden has a rarely matched diversity of experience in metals exploration, geothermal exploration, and teaching in both subjects, which gives him a unique perspective and makes him eminently qualified to write this book.\"\u003cbr\u003e—Mark Coolbaugh, Nevada Bureau of Mines and University of Nevada, Reno, USA\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntroduction. Classification and uses of geothermal systems. Geology and heat architecture of earth's interior. Fundamental geologic elements of geothermal systems. Subsurface flow of geothermal fluids. Physical and chemical characteristics of geothermal systems. Geologic settings and case studies of geothermal systems. Exploration and discovery of geothermal systems. Environmental considerations of geothermal operations. Geothermal systems and mineral deposits. New generation geothermal systems. The future of geothermal energy. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48739781771607,"sku":"9781498708777","price":195.06,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781498708777.jpg?v=1720053130"},{"product_id":"turbine-steam-path-maintenance-repair-volume-iiia-9781593700096","title":"Turbine Steam Path Maintenance \u0026 Repair: Volume","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eThis ready-reference contains valuable insight for the engineer faced with design and manufacture decisions. A continuation of Sanders' two volumes on maintenance and repair, this volume represents the first in a subsequent two volume set on mechanical design and manufacture, completing the remaining portion of his popular seminar. In this volume, Sanders turns his focus to design options and the challenges faced in selecting and arranging the components to optimize unit performance efficiency, reliability, and safety, providing the reader with the necessary information to evaluate the performance, refurbishment, and upgrading of a unit. This book lets you: select the right components and find optimal unit arrangement; understand the mechanical design and development process; and, organize and prepare performance testing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003eThe Basic Considerations of Thermodynamic Design; The Turbine Steam Path Mechanical Design Process; Turbine Steam Path Performance and the Factors Affecting It; Performance Testing; Appendix.","brand":"PennWell Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48740575510871,"sku":"9781593700096","price":88.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"future-of-fusion-energy-the-9781786345424","title":"Future Of Fusion Energy, The","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e'The text provides an interesting history of previous and anticipated accomplishments, ending with a chapter on the relationship of fusion power to nuclear weaponry. They conclude on an optimistic note, well worth being understood by the general public.'CHOICEThe gap between the state of fusion energy research and public understanding is vast. In an entertaining and engaging narrative, this popular science book gives readers the basic tools to understand how fusion works, its potential, and contemporary research problems.Written by two young researchers in the field, The Future of Fusion Energy explains how physical laws and the Earth's energy resources motivate the current fusion program — a program that is approaching a critical point. The world's largest science project and biggest ever fusion reactor, ITER, is nearing completion. Its success could trigger a worldwide race to build a power plant, but failure could delay fusion by decades. To these ends, this book details how ITER's results could be used to design an economically competitive power plant as well as some of the many alternative fusion concepts.","brand":"World Scientific Europe Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48741446811991,"sku":"9781786345424","price":85.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781786345424.jpg?v=1791477299"},{"product_id":"recent-developments-in-functional-materials-for-artificial-photosynthesis-9781839164422","title":"Recent Developments in Functional Materials for","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eArtificial photosynthesis is the process of converting solar energy into useful fuels and represents a significant achievement in the production of clean energy for the planet. In the process, energy is generated from water and CO2 reduction using solar-powered photocatalysis. This book provides a comprehensive overview of recently developed, multifunctional materials as visible light-driven catalysts, their mechanisms and applications in solar energy utilisation and conversion. Chapters highlight the use of different approaches such as molecular catalysis, nanomaterials systems, as well as thin-films for solar-driven evolution of renewable fuels, such as hydrogen. This is the first book to give an overview of this area, with chapters specifically interesting for those looking towards industrial applications. With in-depth discussions ranging from understanding, to engineering of materials and applied devices, it will be suitable for industry professionals, researchers and students interested in understanding of the current state of photocatalysis research and its possible applications in the energy domain.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003eMultidisciplinary Approaches to Solar-driven Water Splitting and Carbon Dioxide Conversion;SrTiO3-based Perovskite Photocatalysts for Efficient Solar-driven Overall Water Splitting and CO2 Reduction;Recent Developments in (Oxy)nitride Photocatalysts With Narrow Bandgaps for Solar-driven Water Splitting;Recent Advances in (Oxy)sulfide Photocatalysts for Solar-driven Water Splitting and CO2 Reduction;Efficacy of Bismuth Oxyhalides (BiOX-based) Materials for Enhanced Photocatalysis;Molecular Catalysts Immobilised on Photocathodes for Solar Fuel Generation;Recent Advances in the Development of Metal–Organic Frameworks-based Photocatalysts for Water Splitting and CO2 Reduction;2D Nanomaterials-based Heterostructures for H2O Splitting and CO2 Reduction;Role of Co-catalysts for Photocatalytic H2O Splitting and CO2 Reduction;Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Water Splitting and CO2 Photoreduction;Computational Approaches to Materials Design for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity;Scaling Up Photocatalysts and New Devices for Solar Water Splitting and CO2 Reduction","brand":"Royal Society of Chemistry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48741984895319,"sku":"9781839164422","price":170.05,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781839164422.jpg?v=1791478326"},{"product_id":"achieving-the-paris-climate-agreement-goals-global-and-regional-100-renewable-energy-scenarios-with-non-energy-ghg-pathways-for-1-5degc-and-2degc-9783030058425","title":"Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals:","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis open access book presents detailed pathways to achieve 100% renewable energy by 2050, globally and across ten geographical regions. Based on state-of-the-art scenario modelling, it provides the vital missing link between renewable energy targets and the measures needed to achieve them. Bringing together the latest research in climate science, renewable energy technology, employment and resource impacts, the book breaks new ground by covering all the elements essential to achieving the ambitious climate mitigation targets set out in the Paris Climate Agreement. For example, sectoral implementation pathways, with special emphasis on differences between developed and developing countries and regional conditions, provide tools to implement the scenarios globally and domestically. Non-energy greenhouse gas mitigation scenarios define a sustainable pathway for land-use change and the agricultural sector. Furthermore, results of the impact of the scenarios on employment and mineral and resource requirements provide vital insight on economic and resource management implications. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book clearly demonstrates that the goals of the Paris Agreement are achievable and feasible with current technology and are beneficial in economic and employment terms. It is essential reading for anyone with responsibility for implementing renewable energy or climate targets internationally or domestically, including climate policy negotiators, policy-makers at all levels of government, businesses with renewable energy commitments, researchers and the renewable energy industry.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart 2 of this title can be found at this Link: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-030-99177-7\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/h2\u003e“Based on state-of-the-art scenario modelling, the book provides the vital missing link between renewable energy targets and the measures needed to achieve them. Its robustly modelled scenarios indicate how to achieve 100% renewable energy by 2050, globally and across ten geographical regions. … The book is an essential read for anyone who is responsible for implementing renewable energy or climate targets internationally or domestically, including climate policy negotiators, policy-makers at all levels of government, businesses … .” (eurekalert.org, February, 5, 2019)​\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743022821719,"sku":"9783030058425","price":40.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030058425.jpg?v=1720063784"},{"product_id":"economics-of-bioresources-concepts-tools-experiences-9783030146177","title":"Economics of Bioresources: Concepts, Tools,","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis fundamental book provides a cross-sectoral, multi-disciplinary view on the biobased economy. It explains opportunities for the value-adding production and use of bioresources, while also discussing the main drivers and obstacles involved. The book is divided into three major parts, the first of which introduces readers to the basics of bioresource economics and engineering. In terms of economics, it discusses decision-making from the policy, producer, investor, and citizen perspectives; in terms of engineering, it addresses key technologies and the processing of bioresources, as well as the development of biorefineries for high-value products on large and small scales. In turn, the book’s second part presents cases focused on different types of energy use, and written by practitioners. The cases illustrate the businesses and technologies involved, as well as the roles of citizens, social organisations and policies. The book’s third and last part highlights opportunities in sustainable agriculture, valuable industrial products and innovative services, while also outlining key conditions for success. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten by a team of scholars and practitioners from various engineering, natural-science and social-science disciplines, the book is primarily intended for undergraduate and graduate students, and for practitioners in business and policy who wish to explore the sustainable production and use of bioresources. All theoretical issues are explained with the aid of real-world examples, making the content highly accessible.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.Introduction: Yoram Krozer, Maarten Arentsen, Michael Narodoslawsky (10 pages).- Part I: Basics (20-25 pages each chapter).- 2.Bioresources basics: Michael Narodoslawsky.- 3.Bioresources for electricity: Andrej Gubina.- 4.Economic basics: Yoram Krozer.- 5.Regional capabilities: Frans Coenen.- 6.Market behavior: Boglarka Vajda and Yoram Krozer.- 7.Business development: Yoram Krozer and Petra Doelman.- 8.Policy development: Maarten Arentsen .- Part II Cases  (5-10 pages each chapter).- 9.Willows for localized fuels: Sandor Bartha.- 10.Modern bio-refineries: Louis Duarte.- 11.Supplies for bioenergy markets: Devrim Yazan.- 12.Food chain waste processing: Ina  Körner.- 13.Reuse of edible oils: Avinash Narayanswamy.- 14.Manure for energy: Willem van Laarhoven.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743025475927,"sku":"9783030146177","price":44.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030146177.jpg?v=1720063795"},{"product_id":"carbon-management-for-a-sustainable-environment-9783030350642","title":"Carbon Management for a Sustainable Environment","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis textbook presents students with a systematic approach for the quantification and management of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and provides best practices for optimal carbon management and quantification. The book begins with an overview of climate change basics and goes on to discuss carbon footprint measurements, carbon management concepts, and concludes by presenting carbon reduction solutions with applications for green buildings, smart transportation, waste management, and carbon trading and offsetting. The author provides practical examples and carbon management models that support innovative reduction solutions and presents a roadmap for the implementation and development of carbon management strategies, making it a useful resource for both upper undergraduate and graduate students as well as practitioners seeking a comprehensive framework to conduct carbon management.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eClimate Change Basics.- Carbon footprint measurement.- Carbon trading and offsetting.- Carbon management concepts.- Total carbon management.- Carbon management maturity model.- Innovation solutions.  \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743033667927,"sku":"9783030350642","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030350642.jpg?v=1791480475"},{"product_id":"renewable-energy-crash-course-a-concise-introduction-9783030700515","title":"Renewable Energy Crash Course: A Concise","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eThis book is a concise reader-friendly introductory guide to understanding renewable energy technologies. By using simplified classroom-tested methods developed while teaching the subject to engineering students, the authors explain in simple language an otherwise complex subject in terms that enable readers to gain a rapid fundamental understanding of renewable energy, including basic principles, the different types, energy storage, grid integration, and economies. This powerful tutorial is a great resource for students, engineers, technicians, analysts, investors, and other busy professionals who need to quickly acquire a solid understanding of the science of renewable energy technology.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003eChapter 1 . Renewable Energy Basics.- Chapter 2. Hydroelectric Power.- Chapter 3. Wind Power.- Chapter 4. Ocean Power.- Chapter 5. Bioenergy.- Chapter 6. Geothermal Energy.- Chapter 7. Solar Thermal Energy.- Chapter 8. Solar Photovoltaics.- Chapter 9. Energy Storage.- Chapter 10. Grid Integration of Renewable Energy.- Chapter 11. Economic Aspects of Renewable Energy.- Chapter 12. Challenges of Renewable Sources of Energy.- Chapter 13. Comparative Study of Renewable Sources of Energy.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743045955927,"sku":"9783030700515","price":42.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030700515.jpg?v=1720063871"},{"product_id":"new-frontiers-in-sustainable-aviation-9783030807818","title":"New Frontiers in Sustainable Aviation","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eThis book examines recent progress and new technological developments in sustainable aviation. It covers alternative fuel types, propulsion technologies, and aerial vehicle (unmanned aerial vehicles, drones, passenger air) emission reduction technologies. The effects of these technologies on vehicle performance, cost, and environmental impact are discussed, and case studies, practical applications, and engineering solutions and methodologies are provided. 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It is a complete guide to energy history and generation in these countries, including renewable energy, storage, and use. The authors follow the same analytical approach for each country to construct comprehensive surveys of all aspects of energy systems, examining the advantages and disadvantages of each country’s energy infrastructures. The handbook aims to raise awareness about the condition and deficiencies of energy systems in developing countries, and the potential for the countries to improve, grow, and advance the technologies for energy generation – especially by turning to renewable energy sources to increase energy storage capacities and optimizing the way subsystems are integrated. \u003cbr\u003eThe book serves as a must-have guide for decision-makers, investors, business people, and other professionals to understand the global distribution of energy generation, transmission, and each country’s carbon footprint and identify opportunities for energy system improvement worldwide. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003ePart I Introduction Chapter 1 World Energy Overview.- Chapter 2 Energy Research Methodology.- Chapter 3 Financing energy projects.-  PART II Africa Chapter 4 Angola.- Chapter 5 Botswana.- Chapter 6 Congo.- Chapter  7 Egypt.- Chapter 8 Ethiopia.- Chapter 9 Morocco.- Chapter 10 Nigeria.- Chapter 11 Rwanda.- Chapter 12 South Africa.- Chapter 13 Tanzania.- Chapter 14 Uganda.- Chapter 15 Zambia.-  Chapter 16 Zimbabwe.- PART III ASIA Chapter 17 Cambodia.- Chapter 18 China.- Chapter 19 Indonesia.- Chapter 20 Japan.- Chapter 21 Lebanon.- Chapter 22 Pakistan.- Chapter 23 Qatar.- Chapter 24 Thailand.- Chapter 25 Vietnam.- Part IV Americas Chapter 26 Argentina.- Chapter 27 Canada.- Chapter 28 Cuba.- Chapter 29 Haiti.- Chapter 30 Panama.- Chapter 31 Puerto Rico.- Chapter 32 Uruguay.- Chapter 33 Uruguay.- Chapter 34 Venezuela.- Part V Europe Chapter 35 European Union.- Chapter 36 Macedonia.- Chapter 37 Switzerland.- Chapter 38 Ukraine.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743080919383,"sku":"9783031316241","price":75.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783031316241.jpg?v=1791480665"},{"product_id":"fundamentals-of-geothermal-heat-pump-systems-design-and-application-9783031321757","title":"Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems:","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems: Design and Application\u003c\/em\u003e is written for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in renewable energy and heat transfer. This classroom-tested text covers ground heat exchanger modeling, secondary loop ground-source system design, pumping energy, thermal response testing, commercial building applications, and horizontal and groundwater ground heat exchangers.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book is oriented to practical applications, including the economic analysis of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems, but more theoretical sections are provided covering research-related geothermal applications. Chapters on heat transfer fundamentals and heat pump concepts are included for readers less familiar with thermal engineering concepts. A chapter covering the economic analysis of GSHP systems is also included. All of the examples and problems in the book are solved using the open-source Python programming language.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book will provide students in geothermal energy courses with a solid understanding of the subject. It will also be a valuable reference for professionals working in the field of renewable energy.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeothermal Energy.- Heat Transfer Fundamentals and Building Loads.- Introduction to Heat Pumps.- Ground Heat Exchanger Modeling Outside the Borehole.- Ground Heat Exchanger Modeling Inside the Borehole.- Design of Secondary Loop Ground-Source Systems.- Pumping Energy.- Introduction to Commercial Buildings Applications.- Thermal Response Tests (TRT).- Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger.- Groundwater Ground Heat Exchangers.- Economic Analysis.- Advanced Topics in GSHP Analysis.- Appendix A: Heat Pump Performance Ratings.- Appendix B: DR-Nominal Sizes.- Appendix C: Hardy-Cross Method.- Appendix D: Python Libraries.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743081345367,"sku":"9783031321757","price":71.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783031321757.jpg?v=1791480665"},{"product_id":"big-data-for-urban-sustainability-a-human-centered-perspective-9783319736082","title":"Big Data for Urban Sustainability: A","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book presents a practical framework for the application of big data, cloud, and pervasive and complex systems to sustainable solutions for urban environmental challenges.  It covers the technologies, potential, and possible and impact of big data on energy efficiency and the urban environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book first introduces key aspects of big data, cloud services, pervasive computing, and mobile technologies from a pragmatic design perspective, including sample open source firmware. Cloud services, mobile and embedded platforms, interfaces, operating system design methods, networking, and middleware are all considered. The authors then explore in detail the framework, design principles, architecture and key components of developing energy systems to support sustainable urban environments. The included case study provides a pathway to improve the eco-efficiency of urban transport, demonstrating how to design an energy efficient next generation urban navigation system by leveraging vast cloud data sets on user-behavior. Ultimately, this resource maps big data’s pivotal intersection with rapid global urbanization along the path to a sustainable future.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart I Features of Big data Systems.- Big Data Introduction.-Big data Systems landscape\/ overview.-  Part II Developing Sustainable Big data systems.- The trends of Big data systems.- Platform Architecture.- Reference Architecture.- ISUNS system design (Case Study).- Part III Future Development to Enhance Eco-efficiency.- Potential Applications for Big data systems.- Performance Evaluation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer International Publishing AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743103660375,"sku":"9783319736082","price":82.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783319736082.jpg?v=1720064126"},{"product_id":"energy-for-a-sustainable-world-from-the-oil-age-to-a-sun-powered-future-9783527325405","title":"Energy for a Sustainable World: From the Oil Age","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eAn easy read, balancing the pros and cons, this book surveys the energy issue from a broad scientific perspective while considering environmental, economic, and social factors. It explains the basic concepts, provides a historical overview of energy resources, assesses our unsustainable energy system based on fossil fuels, and shows that the energy crisis is not only a tough challenge, but also an unprecedented opportunity to become more concerned about the world in which we live and the society we have built up. By outlining the alternatives for today and the future, it gives an extensive overview on nuclear energy, solar thermal and photovoltaics, solar fuels, wind power, ocean energies and other renewables, highlighting the increasing importance of electricity and the long-term perspectives of a hydrogen-based economy. An excellent source of updated and carefully documented information on the entangled aspects of the energy issue, this book is a guide for scientists, students and teachers looking for ways out of the energy and climate crisis, and the problems and disparities generated during the fossil fuel era.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e“The subjects are presented in a way that makes reading a real pleasure and promotes reflecting on the complex issues, thereby presenting the reader sustainable knowledge in its best sense. A clear recommendation!.”  (\u003ci\u003eEnergy Technology\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 August 2014)\u003c\/p\u003e \"It describes the complexity and importance of energy, and opportunities for future energy technologies and practices that will enhance sustainable development. Summing Up: Recommend. All readers.\" (Choice, 1 January 2012)  \u003cp\u003e\"The appeal of this as a compact reference volume is therefore broad and I would strongly recommend it for all who are interested in finding out more about the energy issues that we need to think about in modern and future society.\" (Chemistry World, 1 August 2011)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"An excellent source of updated and carefully documented information on the entangled aspects of the energy issue, this book is a guide for scientists, students and teachers looking for ways out of the energy and climate crisis, and the problems and disparities generated during the fossil fuel era.\" (ETDE Energy database, 14 February 2011)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003ePreface\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e PART I: Living on Spaceship Earth\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e THE ENERGY CHALLENGE\u003cbr\u003e Our Spaceship Earth\u003cbr\u003e An Unsustainable Growth in an Unequal World\u003cbr\u003e Energy and Climate Crisis\u003cbr\u003e Dealing with Change\u003cbr\u003e Unavoidable Questions\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e CONCEPTS AND MISCONCEPTS\u003cbr\u003e The Elusive Definition of Energy\u003cbr\u003e A Taste of Basic Principles\u003cbr\u003e Converting Primary Energy into Useful Energy\u003cbr\u003e It Takes Energy to Make Energy: The EROI\u003cbr\u003e Embodied Energy\u003cbr\u003e Energy Units and Conversions\u003cbr\u003e The Immense Energy and Power Scales\u003cbr\u003e Some Energy Key Parameters\u003cbr\u003e Energy Pervasiveness Versus Energy Illiteracy\u003cbr\u003e Key Numbers: An Abacus for Energy Literacy\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e ENERGY IN HISTORY\u003cbr\u003e Historia Magistra Vitae\u003cbr\u003e Animal Power\u003cbr\u003e Human Slaves and Energy Slaves\u003cbr\u003e Waterwheels and Windwheels\u003cbr\u003e From Wood to Coal\u003cbr\u003e Steam-Powered Machines\u003cbr\u003e Road Vehicles\u003cbr\u003e Aircraft\u003cbr\u003e Conventional Engines\u003cbr\u003e Jet Engines\u003cbr\u003e Electricity\u003cbr\u003e Early Development\u003cbr\u003e From Wayfarers to ICT\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e PART II: Fossil Fuels\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e OIL\u003cbr\u003e What is Oil\u003cbr\u003e Oil History, Exploration, Drilling, Production\u003cbr\u003e Oil Transportation\u003cbr\u003e Oil Refining\u003cbr\u003e Oil Storage\u003cbr\u003e Unconventional Oil\u003cbr\u003e Petrochemicals\u003cbr\u003e Oil as a Fuel\u003cbr\u003e America's Addiction to Oil\u003cbr\u003e Oil Price\u003cbr\u003e Oil Peak and Reserves\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e NATURAL GAS\u003cbr\u003e What is Natural Gas and Where It Comes From\u003cbr\u003e Gas Properties and Definitions\u003cbr\u003e Brief Historical Notes on Gas Exploitation\u003cbr\u003e Gas Production, Consumption, and Reserves\u003cbr\u003e Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)\u003cbr\u003e Natural Gas Processing\u003cbr\u003e Transport, Storage, and Distribution\u003cbr\u003e Gas Uses: Energy and Feedstock\u003cbr\u003e Unconventional Gas\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e COAL\u003cbr\u003e What is Coal\u003cbr\u003e Coal Extraction\u003cbr\u003e Coal Transportation and Industrial Uses\u003cbr\u003e Coal Gasification\u003cbr\u003e Coal Production, Consumption, and Reserves\u003cbr\u003e Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)\u003cbr\u003e Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e FOSSIL LEGACY\u003cbr\u003e The Energy Dark Sides\u003cbr\u003e Alteration of the Carbon Cycle by Fossil Fuel Combustion\u003cbr\u003e Anthropogenic Climate Change\u003cbr\u003e Air Pollution and Global Warming\u003cbr\u003e Counterbalancing our Climate Influence\u003cbr\u003e Putting a Limit to CO2\u003cbr\u003e Air Pollution and Human Health\u003cbr\u003e Land and Water Degradation\u003cbr\u003e So, What?\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e PART III: Nuclear Energy\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e NUCLEAR ENERGY\u003cbr\u003e Principles of Nuclear Fission and Fusion\u003cbr\u003e Power from Nuclear Fission\u003cbr\u003e Civilian Use of Nuclear Fusion?\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e PART IV: Renewable Energies\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e SOLAR ENERGY BASICS\u003cbr\u003e The Origin of Sunshine\u003cbr\u003e Solar Radiation and Attenuation\u003cbr\u003e Abundant, Fairly Distributed, Vital\u003cbr\u003e Sun's Limits: Dilution and Intermittency\u003cbr\u003e The Conversion of Solar Energy: Heat, Fuels, Electricity\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e SOLAR HEAT AND ELECTRICITY\u003cbr\u003e Passive Solar Harnessing in Buildings\u003cbr\u003e Thermal Conversion: Unconcentrated Solar Flux\u003cbr\u003e Thermal Conversion: Concentrated Solar Flux\u003cbr\u003e The Birth and Rise of Photovoltaics\u003cbr\u003e Inorganic Photovoltaics: Key Principles\u003cbr\u003e Silicon Solar Cells\u003cbr\u003e Thin Film Solar Cells\u003cbr\u003e Organic Solar Cells\u003cbr\u003e Concentrated Photovoltaics and Other Innovative Concepts\u003cbr\u003e Photovoltaics: Global Installation and Market Trends\u003cbr\u003e Solar Energy: Sustainable and Affordable\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e SOLAR FUELS\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Natural Photosynthesis\u003cbr\u003e Biomass and Biofuels\u003cbr\u003e Future Options for Transportation Fuels\u003cbr\u003e Artificial Photosynthesis\u003cbr\u003e Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells\u003cbr\u003e The Solar Fuel Challenge\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e OTHER RENEWABLES\u003cbr\u003e Hydroelectric Energy\u003cbr\u003e Wind Energy\u003cbr\u003e Ocean Energies\u003cbr\u003e Geothermal Energy\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e PART V: Energy Carriers\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e ELECTRICITY\u003cbr\u003e Basic Concepts\u003cbr\u003e Illumination\u003cbr\u003e Traditional Power Generation\u003cbr\u003e Traditional Electricity Grid\u003cbr\u003e Power Generation from New Renewables\u003cbr\u003e Energy Storage for Electricity Supply Networks\u003cbr\u003e Plugging-In Transportation\u003cbr\u003e Smart Grid\u003cbr\u003e Towards an Electricity Powered World\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e HYDROGEN\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Properties and Industrial Uses\u003cbr\u003e Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier: The Scale of the Task\u003cbr\u003e Methods for Producing Hydrogen\u003cbr\u003e Hydrogen Storage\u003cbr\u003e Hydrogen Transportation and Distribution\u003cbr\u003e End Uses of Hydrogen Fuel\u003cbr\u003e Hydrogen Powered Vehicles\u003cbr\u003e Towards a Hydrogen Economy?\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e PART VI: Scenarios for a Sustainable Future\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e THE CHALLENGE AHEAD\u003cbr\u003e Reflection on the State of Our Planet: Now We Know\u003cbr\u003e Energy Demand and Supply\u003cbr\u003e Energy and the Quality of Life\u003cbr\u003e Saving the Climate\u003cbr\u003e Phasing Out Fossil Fuels\u003cbr\u003e Avoiding Nuclear Energy\u003cbr\u003e Ecological Sustainability\u003cbr\u003e Why We Need to Develop Renewable Energies\u003cbr\u003e Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e APPENDIX\u003cbr\u003e Did You Know That...?\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743116210519,"sku":"9783527325405","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783527325405.jpg?v=1791481929"},{"product_id":"advanced-characterization-techniques-for-thin-film-solar-cells-9783527339921","title":"Advanced Characterization Techniques for Thin","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eThe book focuses on advanced characterization methods for thin-film solar cells that have proven their relevance both for academic and corporate photovoltaic research and development. After an introduction to thin-film photovoltaics, highly experienced experts report on device and materials characterization methods such as electroluminescence analysis, capacitance spectroscopy, and various microscopy methods. In the final part of the book simulation techniques are presented which are used for ab-initio calculations of relevant semiconductors and for device simulations in 1D, 2D and 3D. \u003cp\u003eBuilding on a proven concept, this new edition also covers thermography, transient optoelectronic methods, and absorption and photocurrent spectroscopy.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003ePART I. Introduction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e INTRODUCTION TO THIN-FILM PHOTOVOLTAICS\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e The Photovoltaic Principle\u003cbr\u003e Functional Layers in Thin-Film Solar Cells\u003cbr\u003e Comjparison of Various Thin-Film Solar-Cell Types\u003cbr\u003e Conclusions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e PART II. Device Characterization\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e FUNDAMENTAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Current\/Voltage Curves\u003cbr\u003e Quantum-Efficiency Measurements\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e ELECTROLUMINESCENCE ANALYSIS OF SOLAR CELLS AND SOLAR MODULES\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Basics\u003cbr\u003e Spectrally Resolved EL\u003cbr\u003e Spatially Resolved EL of c-Si Solar Cells\u003cbr\u003e EL Imaging of Thin-Film Solar Cells and Modules\u003cbr\u003e Electromodulated Luminescence under Illumination\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e CAPACITANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Admittance Basics\u003cbr\u003e Sample Requirements\u003cbr\u003e Instrumentation\u003cbr\u003e CV Profiling and the Depletion Approximation\u003cbr\u003e Admittance Response of Deep States\u003cbr\u003e The Influence of Deep States on CV Profiles\u003cbr\u003e Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy\u003cbr\u003e Admittance Spectroscopy\u003cbr\u003e Drive-Level Capacitance Profiling\u003cbr\u003e Photocapacitance\u003cbr\u003e The Meyer-Neldel Rule\u003cbr\u003e Spatial Inhomogeneities and Interface States\u003cbr\u003e Metastability\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e TIME-OF-FLIGHT ANALYSIS\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Fundamentals of TOF Measurements\u003cbr\u003e Experimental Details\u003cbr\u003e Analysis of TOF Results\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e TRANSIENT OPTOELECTRONIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Measurement Setup\u003cbr\u003e Charge Extraction and Transient Photovoltage\u003cbr\u003e CE with Linearly Increased Voltage\u003cbr\u003e Time-Delayed Collection Field Method\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e STEADY-STATE PHOTOCARRIER GRATING METHOD\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Basic Analysis of SSPG and Photocurrent Response\u003cbr\u003e Experimental Setup\u003cbr\u003e Data Analysis\u003cbr\u003e Results\u003cbr\u003e DOS Determination\u003cbr\u003e Data Collection by Automization and Combination with other Experiments\u003cbr\u003e Summary\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e PART III. Materials Characterization\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e ABSORPTION AND PHOTOCURRENT SPECTROSCOPY WITH HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy\u003cbr\u003e Fourier Transform Photocurrent Spectroscopy\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Theory\u003cbr\u003e Ellipsometry Instrumentation\u003cbr\u003e Data Analysis\u003cbr\u003e Spectroscopic Ellipsometry forThin-Film Photovoltaics\u003cbr\u003e Summary and Outlook\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e CHARACTERIZING THE LIGHT-TRAPPING PROPERTIES OF TEXTURED SURFACES WITH SCANNING NEAR-FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e How Does a Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope Work?\u003cbr\u003e The Role of Evanescent Modes for Light Trapping\u003cbr\u003e Analysis of Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy Images by Fast Fourier Transformation\u003cbr\u003e Investigation of Individua lWaveguide Modes\u003cbr\u003e Light Propagation inThin-Film Solar Cells Investigated with Dual-Probe SNOM\u003cbr\u003e Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e PHOTOLUMINESCENCE ANALYSIS OF THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Experimental Issues\u003cbr\u003e Basic Transitions\u003cbr\u003e Case Studies\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE (ESR) IN HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS SILICON (a-Si:H)\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Basics of ESR\u003cbr\u003e How to Measure ESR\u003cbr\u003e The g Tensor and Hyperfine Interaction in Disordered Solids\u003cbr\u003e Discussion of Selected Results\u003cbr\u003e Alternative ESR Detection\u003cbr\u003e Concluding Remarks\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY ON INORGANIC THIN FILMS FOR SOLAR CELLS\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Experimental Background\u003cbr\u003e Selected Applications\u003cbr\u003e Summary\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ON THIN FILMS FOR SOLAR CELLS\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Scanning Electron Microscopy\u003cbr\u003e Transmission Electron Microscopy\u003cbr\u003e Sample Preparation Techniques\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e X-RAY AND NEUTRON DIFFRACTION ON MATERIALS FOR THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Diffraction of X-Rays and Neutron by Matter\u003cbr\u003e Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXRD)\u003cbr\u003e Neutron Diffraction of Absorber Materials for Thin-Film Solar Cells\u003cbr\u003e Anomalous Scattering of Synchrotron X-Rays\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e IN SITU REAL-TIME CHARACTERIZATION OF THIN-FILM GROWTH\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Real-Time In Situ Characterization Techniques for Thin-Film Growth\u003cbr\u003e X-Ray Methods for Real-Time Growth Analysis\u003cbr\u003e Light Scattering and Reflection\u003cbr\u003e Summary\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY ON THIN FILMS FOR SOLAR CELLS\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Fundamentals of Raman Spectroscopy\u003cbr\u003e Vibrational Modes in Crystalline Materials\u003cbr\u003e Experimental Considerations\u003cbr\u003e Characterization of Thin-Film Photovoltaic Materials\u003cbr\u003e Conclusions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e SOFT X-RAY AND ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY: A UNIQUE \"TOOL CHEST\" TO CHARACTERIZE THE CHEMICAL AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF SURFACES AND INTERFACES\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e Charact","brand":"Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743119159639,"sku":"9783527339921","price":229.46,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"ecological-economics-sustainability-in-practice-9789400719712","title":"Ecological Economics: Sustainability in Practice","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn a concise and crisp manner, this book presents the state of the art in ecological economics, an interdisciplinary field focused on the analysis of sustainability of global, national and regional economic systems. An elegant guide, the book offers a range of cutting edge methods used in sustainability research including multicriteria decision aid (MCDA), input-output analysis, and life cycle analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book is packed with references for students with some background in economics, environmental science or mathematics who aim to develop the analytical skills required for redirecting our development path towards sustainability in government, international organisations, academia, non-profit sector and business. As such, the book is primarily aimed at MSc and first year PhD students reading for degrees in Environmental Change and Management, Ecological Economics, Environmental Management, Philosophy, Politics and Economics, and those taking part in similar programmes. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book strives to develop the idea that a significant adjustment of the current economic theories is required, an idea supported by the emerged world economic crisis, the climatic and biodiversity crisis the world is currently facing and the enormously slow progress that has been made in the field of reorientation of the global economy towards sustainability.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003eThe practical case studies provided focus on the most pressing topics of today, and the book adopts a positive approach for problem solving and strategic development, which is aimed at educating the future decision makers and business leaders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart I: Theory of Ecological Economics\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. The Economic System and the Environment\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. Industrial Ecology: Material and Energy Flows, Life Cycle Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. The Big Picture Vision and the Environment: An International Perspective\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4. Economic Valuation and Decision Making: MCDA as a tool for the Future\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5. Macroeconomy: Market Failures and Externalities: What Can Be Done\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6. Economic Models and the Environment: Input-Output Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7. Sustainable Development: Measuring Progress \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart II: Ecological-Economic Applications\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8. Climate Change and Renewable Energy: How to Choose the Optimal Pool of Technologies\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9. Biodiversity Loss: New Methods for Evaluating Ecosystems\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e10. Sustainable Cities: Interdisciplinary Perspective\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11. Regional Waste Management: Multicriteria Modelling \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12. Business and Sustainable Development: CSR in Practice\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndex\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743258095959,"sku":"9789400719712","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789400719712.jpg?v=1791483529"},{"product_id":"how-water-influences-our-lives-9789811019371","title":"How Water Influences Our Lives","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis beautifully illustrated book explains how water influences our culture; the many phases of water from ice to gas, its simple but still so unpredictable nature, and water resources on Earth; how water is distributed in ice, oceans, rivers, lakes and more; how it creates transport possibilities; how it produces and absorbs energy; how it is constantly changing the surface of the Earth; how there is enough water on Earth, yet sometimes there is too much or too little; the role of water in recreation; and how water supplies us with food in a myriad of ways.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eFew things are like water – a subtle and thought-provoking element, so simple and yet complicated, so conspicuous yet unpredictable, so soft and peaceful yet powerful, and so universal yet unique. Water is by far the world’s largest commodity. Though it belongs to all of us, it is still not shared by all. We very seldom take time to reflect on the many ways that water affects our lives.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eThough it would be too ambitious to believe that it claims all the meanings and roles of water, this book, by showcasing water’s versatility and by sharing the experiences and insights gained by the two authors during their many travels across the globe, contributes to a greater awareness of the most important substance in our society – water.  The book offers an insightful and intriguing read for anyone interested in science and culture related to water, from laymen to students and decision-makers.­­­­­­­­\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e  \u003c\/strong\u003eWater.- Water in Culture and Social Development.- Snow and ice.- The Oceans.- Rivers and lakes.- The transport source.- The energy source.- Erosion.- Water consumption.- Recreation.- The food source.","brand":"Springer Verlag, Singapore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743273365847,"sku":"9789811019371","price":35.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789811019371.jpg?v=1791483769"},{"product_id":"china-s-electricity-sector-9789811081910","title":"China’s Electricity Sector","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eThis book provides a concise introduction to China’s electricity sector, suitable for university students and business analysts. It is business focused, combining an introduction from an established regional electricity consultancy with five academic chapters covering governance, market stakeholders and reform, wind and solar power, environmental regulation, and developments in financing. It is written in an accessible but rigorous style for people with limited knowledge of the topic, with minimal jargon but full referencing throughout the academic chapters. Each academic chapter starts with a summary and three key points to guide the reader’s understanding.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003ePart I1. China's Power SectorPart II2. Governance of the Electricity Sector3. Mapping China's Power Sector Under Market Reform4. Wind and Solar Power in China5. Environmental Regulation.- 6. Financing China's Electricity SectorPart III7. The Last Word: Chinese Exceptionalism","brand":"Springer Verlag, Singapore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743275069783,"sku":"9789811081910","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"the-essentials-of-power-system-dynamics-and-control-9789811089138","title":"The Essentials of Power System Dynamics and","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book presents a general framework for modelling power system devices to develop complete electromechanical models for synchronous machines, induction machines, and power electronic devices. It also presents linear system analysis tools that are specific to power systems and which are not generally taught in undergraduate linear system courses. Lastly, the book covers the application of the models, analysis and tools to the design of automatic voltage controllers and power system stabilisers, both for single-machine-infinite-bus systems and multi-machine interconnected systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn most textbooks modelling, dynamic analysis, and control are closely linked to the computation methods used for analysis and design. In contrast, this book separates the essential principles and the computational methods used for power system dynamics and control. The clear distinction between principles and methods makes the potentially daunting task of designing controllers for power systems much easier to approach.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA rich set of exercises is also included, and represents an integral part of the book. Students can immediately apply—using any computational tool or software—the essential principles discussed here to practical problems, helping them master the essentials.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe dq0 Transformation \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eDevice Models \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eNetwork Modelling \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Synchronous Machines\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eThe Model \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eEquations in Per Unit System \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eSteady-state Conditions \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eSingle Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eExercises\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Direct-axis Transient Inductance \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Quadrature-axis Transient Inductance \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Steady-state Output Power \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Voltage behind Transient Inductance \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Equivalence of two models \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Power Transfer Curves \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Simulation I \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Steady-state \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Simulation II \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Simulation III \u003c\/p\u003e      Three-phase Short-circuit Simulation \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Equal-Area Criterion \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Step Change in field voltage\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      V-curves \u003c\/p\u003e      Phasor to dq-Frame - Part I \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Phasor to dq-Frame - Part II \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Transmission line inductance \u003c\/p\u003e      Terminal Voltage\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Operational Impedance \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e      Operational Impedance \u0026amp; 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These latter two energy resources in particular require further development and the current book describes the latest advances coupled with pointing possible paths forward.","brand":"World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48743278051671,"sku":"9789811225918","price":90.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9789811225918.jpg?v=1720064891"},{"product_id":"wind-energy-explained-9780470015001","title":"Wind Energy Explained","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eNow fully revised, this second edition of  Wind Energy Explained: Theory, Design and Application  builds on its highly successful predecessor, now the leading textbook for wind energy degree courses.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003eAbout the Authors ix  \u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction: Modern Wind Energy and its Origins 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Modern Wind Turbines 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 History of Wind Energy 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Wind Characteristics and Resources 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 General Characteristics of the Wind Resource 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Wind Data Analysis and Resource Estimation 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Wind Turbine Energy Production Estimates Using\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical Techniques 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Regional Wind Resource Assessment 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Wind Prediction and Forecasting 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Wind Measurement and Instrumentation 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Advanced Topics 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines 91\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 General Overview 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 One-dimensional Momentum Theory and the Betz Limit 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Ideal Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine with Wake Rotation 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Airfoils and General Concepts of Aerodynamics 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Blade Design for Modern Wind Turbines 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Momentum Theory and Blade Element Theory 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Blade Shape for Ideal Rotor without Wake Rotation 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 General Rotor Blade Shape Performance Prediction 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Blade Shape for Optimum Rotor with Wake Rotation 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Generalized Rotor Design Procedure 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Simplified HAWT Rotor Performance Calculation Procedure 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 Effect of Drag and Blade Number on Optimum Performance 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13 Computational and Aerodynamic Issues in Aerodynamic Design 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14 Aerodynamics of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Mechanics and Dynamics 157\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Background 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Wind Turbine Loads 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 General Principles of Mechanics 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Wind Turbine Rotor Dynamics 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Methods for Modeling Wind Turbine Structural Response 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Electrical Aspects of Wind Turbines 205\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Overview 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Basic Concepts of Electrical Power 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Power Transformers 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Electrical Machines 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Power Converters 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Electrical Aspects of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Ancillary Electrical Equipment 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Wind Turbine Materials and Components 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Overview 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Material Fatigue 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Wind Turbine Materials 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Machine Elements 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Principal Wind Turbine Components 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Wind Turbine Design and Testing 311\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Overview 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Design Procedure 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Wind Turbine Topologies 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Wind Turbine Standards, Technical Specifications, and Certification 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Wind Turbine Design Loads 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Load Scaling Relations 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Power Curve Prediction 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Computer Codes for Wind Turbine Design 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Design Evaluation 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Wind Turbine and Component Testing 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Wind Turbine Control 359\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Overview of Wind Turbine Control Systems 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Typical Grid-connected Turbine Operation 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Supervisory Control Overview and Implementation 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Dynamic Control Theory and Implementation 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Wind Turbine Siting, System Design, and Integration 407\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 General Overview 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Wind Turbine Siting 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Installation and Operation Issues 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Wind Farms 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Wind Turbines and Wind Farms in Electrical Grids 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Wind Energy Applications 449\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 General Overview 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Distributed Generation 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Hybrid Power Systems 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Offshore Wind Energy 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Operation in Severe Climates 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Special Purpose Applications 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Energy Storage 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Fuel Production 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Wind Energy System Economics 505\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Overview of Economic Assessment of Wind Energy Systems 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Capital Costs of Wind Energy Systems 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Operation and Maintenance Costs 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Value of Wind Energy 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Economic Analysis Methods 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Wind Energy Market Considerations 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Wind Energy Systems: Environmental Aspects and Impacts 547\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Avian\/Bat Interaction with Wind Turbines 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Visual Impact of Wind Turbines 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Wind Turbine Noise 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Electromagnetic Interference Effects 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Land-Use Environmental Impacts 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Other Environmental Considerations 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A Nomenclature 593\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Note on Nomenclature and Units 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Chapter 2 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 Chapter 3 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4 Chapter 4 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5 Chapter 5 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.6 Chapter 6 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.7 Chapter 7 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.8 Chapter 8 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.9 Chapter 9 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.10 Chapter 10 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.11 Chapter 11 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.12 Chapter 12 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.13 Abbreviations 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix B Problems 617\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1 Problem Solving 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2 Chapter 2 Problems 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3 Chapter 3 Problems 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.4 Chapter 4 Problems 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.5 Chapter 5 Problems 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.6 Chapter 6 Problems 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.7 Chapter 7 Problems 639\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.8 Chapter 8 Problems 642\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.9 Chapter 9 Problems 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.10 Chapter 10 Problems 652\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.11 Chapter 11 Problems 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.12 Chapter 12 Problems 658\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix C Data Analysis and Data Synthesis 661\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.1 Overview 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2 Data Analysis 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.3 Data Synthesis 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 675\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 677\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864620970327,"sku":"9780470015001","price":74.05,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470015001.jpg?v=1722272764"},{"product_id":"alternative-energy-for-dummies-9780470430620","title":"Alternative Energy For Dummies","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eThe myths and facts about alternative fuels--and how they impact our lives As the price of energy continues to soar, so too has the demand for alternative energy. But there's no clear winner in the race to replace fossil fuels.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/h2\u003e\"...this book really does offer a comprehensive picture of the possible future of energy...well priced.\" (UK-Energy-Saving.com, August 6th 2009)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I: The Basic Facts of Energy Life 9\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 1: What a Mess! 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 2: What Energy Is and How It’s Used (Politically and Practically) 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 3: Putting Together Each Piece of the Energy Puzzle 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II: Digging Deeper into the Current State of Affairs 57\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 4: Developing a Snapshot of Fossil Fuel Use and Availability 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 5: Burning Up with Conventional Energy Sources 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 6: The First Alternative-Energy Sources: Efficiency and Conservation 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 7: Understanding the Demand For Alternatives 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III: Alternatives — Buildings 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 8: Going Nuclear 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 9: Harnessing the Sun with Solar Power 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 10: Treading Water with Hydropower 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 11: Blowing Away with Wind Power 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 12: Digging into Geothermal 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 13: Exploring Biomass 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 14: Burning Wood 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 15: Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV: Alternatives — Transportation 261\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 16: Alternative Transport Technologies 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 17: Alternative-Fuel Vehicles 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 18: Plugging In: Electric Vehicles 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 19: Hybrid-Electric Vehicles 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 20: Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Vehicles 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 21: Exotic Propulsion Systems 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart V: The Part of Tens 325\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 22: Ten or So Myths about Energy 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 23: Ten-Plus Ways to Invest in an Alternative-Energy Future 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 343\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864627982679,"sku":"9780470430620","price":15.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470430620.jpg?v=1722272799"},{"product_id":"solar-power-your-home-for-dummies-9780470596784","title":"Solar Power Your Home For Dummies","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe bestselling alternative energy reference book in North Americanow in an updated edition\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003eWant to take advantage of solar power in your home? Whether you're looking to save on your energy costs by adding a few solar components or you want to build a solar-powered house from the ground up, \u003ci\u003eSolar Power For Dummies, 2nd Edition\u003c\/i\u003e takes the mystery out of this energy source and shows you how to put it to work for you!\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis new edition gives you hands-on tips and techniques for making your home more energy-efficient though solar powerand helping the planet at the same time. Plus, you'll get all the latest information on changes to federal, state, and local regulations, laws, and tax incentives that seek to make solar-power adoption more feasible.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eExpanded coverage of the technology that underpins full-scale solar-power systems for the home\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNew small- and mid-sized solar products, projects, and applications\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRik DeGunther is a design eng\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eIntroduction.\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I: Playing the Energy Game\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 1: Helping the World through Solar Power.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 2: Surveying Your Household Energy Efficiency and Use.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 3: Making Your Home Energy Efficient.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II: Understanding Solar — Just the Facts, Ma'am.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 4: Working with Solar Basics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 5: Evaluating Your Solar Potential.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 6: Calculating Payback on Your Solar Investment.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 7: Installing Your Solar System.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III: Applications Aplenty: Projects from Small to Large.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 8: Digging In to Landscape Projects.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 9: Jumping In to Small Projects with Big Results.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 10: Heating and Purifying Water.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 11: Diving In to Swimming Pool Projects.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 12: Supplementing Your Domestic Water Heater.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 13: Breezeway: Directing Wind within Your House.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 14: Solar Pumps, Wind Power, Hydro Power, and Batteries in Applications.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 15: Glass Houses (and Plastic, Too): Greenhouses and Sunrooms.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV: Exploring Full-Scale Photovoltaic Systems.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 16: Taking a Close Look at Photovoltaic Systems.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 17: Is a Full-Scale PV System Worth the Investment?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 18: Divorcing the Grid: Going Solo with Solar Power Systems.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 19: Do It Yourself or Contract Out?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 20: Finding the Cash to Get the Job Done.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart V: Buying, Selling, and Building a Solar Home.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 21: Building a Solar Home from the Ground Up.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 22: Buying and Selling a Solar Home.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart VI: The Part of Tens.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 23: Ten Best Solar Investments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 24: Ten or So Best Do-It-Yourself Projects.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 25: Ten Cheap Solar Projects and Devices.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 26: Ten or So Worst Solar Mistakes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIndex.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48864633553239,"sku":"9780470596784","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"empowering-electricity-9780774831444","title":"Empowering Electricity","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eThis revealing analysis of Canada's electrical power co-operatives challenges our understanding of their history and shines a light on their potential within the nation's electricity sector.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cem\u003eEmpowering Electricity\u003c\/em\u003e is an empirically-grounded contribution to the literature on citizen engagement and energy policy in Canada. In particular, it provides a fresh take on BC energy politics that gets beyond the entrenched public\/private dichotomy to explore one possible middle ground. While MacArthur implies that electricity co-operatives have the potential to erode public power in BC, her suggestion of co-operatives partnering with municipalities and First Nations may actually offer a new, politically viable approach to public power develpment that is both more democratic and locally acceptable than the current model. -- Nichole Dusyk * BC Studies *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface and Acknowledgments\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1 A Climate for Change\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 Governing Sustainability: From Crisis to Empowerment\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3 Co-operatives in Canadian Political Economy\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4 International Forces for Power-Sector Restructuring\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5 Continental, Private, and Green(er)? Canadian Electricity Restructuring\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 Electricity Co-operatives: The Power of Public Policy\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7 Off the Ground and on the Grid: New Electricity Co-operative Development\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 Co-operative Networks and the Politics of Community Power\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9 Empowering Electricity\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAppendices\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNotes\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlossary\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndex\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"University of British Columbia Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48865868611927,"sku":"9780774831444","price":25.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780774831444.jpg?v=1722275967"},{"product_id":"sustainable-energy-without-the-hot-air-9780954452933","title":"Sustainable Energy  without the hot air","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe enlightening, best-selling book on understanding sustainable energy and how we can make energy plans that add up.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIf you''ve ever wondered how much energy we use, and where it comes from  and where it could come from  but are fed up with all the hot air and ''greenwash'', this is the book for you. Renewable resources \u003ci\u003eare\u003c\/i\u003e ''huge'', but our energy consumption is also ''huge''. To compare ''huge'' things with each other, we need numbers, not adjectives.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eSustainable Energy  without the hot air\u003c\/i\u003e addresses the energy crisis objectively, cutting through all the contradictory statements from the media, government, and lobbies of all sides. It gives you the numbers and the facts you need, in bite-sized chunks, so you can understand the issues yourself and organises a plan for change on both a personal level and an international scale  for Europe, the United States, and the world. In case study format, this informative book also answers questions surround\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/h2\u003e\"For anyone with influence on energy policy, whether in government, business or a campaign group, this book should be compulsory reading.\" -- Tony Juniper (Former Executive Director, Friends of the Earth)\u003cbr\u003e\"At last a book that comprehensively reveals the true facts about sustainable energy in a form that is both highly readable and entertaining.\" -- Robert Sansom (EDF Energy)\u003cbr\u003e\"MacKay brings a welcome dose of common sense into the discussion of energy sources and use. Fresh air replacing hot air.\" -- Prof Mike Ashby Royal Society Research Professor, Principal Investigator, Engineering Design Centre, Cambridge\u003cbr\u003e\"This year's must-read book about tackling our future energy needs.\" -- The Guardian\u003cbr\u003e\"... may be the best technical book about the environment that I've ever read. This is to energy and climate what Freakonomics is to economics.\" -- Cory Doctorow * Boing Boing *\u003cbr\u003e\"The book is a tour de force ... As a work of popular science it is exemplary ... For anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the real problems involved [it] is the place to start.\" * The Economist *\u003cbr\u003e\"The first factual meme on renewable energy? A book about climate change that gets rave reviews from folk at oil companies, environmental groups and the Number One Blog of All Time has to be worth a peek.\" -- energysource blog * The Financial Times *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003eI Numbers, not adjectives    1 Motivations    2 The balance sheet    3 Cars    4 Wind    5 Planes    6 Solar    7 Heating and cooling    8 Hydroelectricity    9 Light    10 Offshore wind    11 Gadgets    12 Wave    13 Food and farming    14 Tide    15 Stuff    16 Geothermal .    17 Public services    18 Can we live on renewables?     II Making a difference    19 Every BIG helps    20 Better transport    21 Smarter heating    22 Efficient electricity use    23 Sustainable fossil fuels?    24 Nuclear?    25 Living on other countries’ renewables?    26 Fluctuations and storage    27 Five energy plans for Britain    28 Putting costs in perspective    29 What to do now .    30 Energy plans for Europe, America, and the World    31 The last thing we should talk about    32 Saying yes     Acknowledgments    III Technical chapters     A Cars II    B Wind II      C Planes II      D Solar II    E Heating II      F Waves II      G Tide II     H Stuff II      IV Useful data      I Quick reference      J Populations and areas    K UK energy history      List of web links    Bibliography    Index    About the author","brand":"Bloomsbury Publishing PLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866201731415,"sku":"9780954452933","price":20.69,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780954452933.jpg?v=1722277555"},{"product_id":"carbon-capture-storage-and-utilization-9781032653891","title":"Carbon Capture Storage and Utilization","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eCarbon capture and storage (CCS) is among the advanced energy technologies suggested to make the conventional fossil fuel sources environmentally sustainable. It is of particular importance to coal-based economies. This book deals at length with the various aspects of carbon dioxide capture, its utilization and takes a closer look at the earth processes in carbon dioxide storage. It discusses potential of Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization as innovative energy technology towards a sustainable energy future. Various techniques of carbon dioxide recovery from power plants by physical, chemical, and biological means as well as challenges and prospects in biomimetic carbon sequestration are described. Carbon fixation potential in coal mines and in saline aquifers is also discussed.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlease note: This volume is Co-published with The Energy and Resources Institute Press, New Delhi. Taylor \u0026amp; Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan,\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CRC Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866314420567,"sku":"9781032653891","price":45.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781032653891.jpg?v=1791469365"},{"product_id":"renewable-energy-in-power-systems-9781118649930","title":"Renewable Energy in Power Systems","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eWith the growth in renewable energy (RE) generation installed capacity, many countries such as the UK are relying on higher levels of RE generation to meet targets for reduced greenhouse gas emissions. In the face of this, the integration issue is now of increasing concern, in particular to system operators.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eForeword xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the First Edition xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Energy and Electricity \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 The World Energy Scene 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 History 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 World Energy Consumption 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.3 Finite Resources 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.4 Energy Security and Disparity of Use 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 The Environmental Impact of Energy Use 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 The Problem 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 The Science 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 The Kyoto Protocol 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Economics of Mitigation 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Efficient Energy Use 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.6 The Electricity Sector 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.7 Possible Solutions and Sustainability 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Generating Electricity 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Conversion from Other Energy Forms – The Importance of Efficiency 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 The Nuclear Path 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Renewables 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 The Electrical Power System 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Structure of the Electrical Power System 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Integrating Renewables into Power Systems 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Distributed Generation 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Renewable Energy Penetration 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Network Stability 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Features of Conventional and Renewable Generation \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Conventional Sources: Coal, Gas and Nuclear 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Hydroelectric Power 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Large-Scale Hydro 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Small Hydro 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.1 Turbine Designs 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Wind Power 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 The Resource 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Wind Variability 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Wind Turbines 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Power Variability 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4.1 Variability from Second to Second 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4.2 Variability from Minute to Minute 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4.3 Variability from Hour to Hour and from Day-to-Day 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4.4 Seasonal Variability 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.5 Offshore Wind 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 PV and Solar Thermal Electricity 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 The Resource 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 The Technology 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Photovoltaic Systems 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 Solar Thermal Electric Systems 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Tidal Power 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 The Resource 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Tidal Enhancement 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2.1 Funnelling 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2.2 Resonance 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2.3 Coriolis Effect 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Tidal Barrages 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.4 Operational Strategies 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.4.1 Power Variability 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.5 Tidal Current Schemes 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Wave Power 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 The Resource 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2 The Technology 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.3 Variability 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Biomass 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.1 The Resource 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.2 Resource Sustainability 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Summary of Power Generation Characteristics 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Combining Sources 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Power Balance\/Frequency Control \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e67\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 The Power Balance Issue 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Electricity Demand 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Demand Curves 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Load Aggregation 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Demand-Side Management – Deferrable Loads 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Power Governing 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Power Conversion Chain 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Governor Steady State Characteristics 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Parallel Operation of Two Generators 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 A Multi-Generator System 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 The Steady State Power–Frequency Relationship 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Dynamic Frequency Control of Large Systems 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Demand Matching 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Demand Forecasting 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Frequency Limits 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Generation Scheduling and Reserve 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Frequency Control at Different Timescales 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.6 Meeting Demand and Ensuring Reliability 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.7 Capacity Factor and Capacity Credit 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Impact of Renewable Generation on Frequency Control and Reliability 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Introduction 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Aggregation of Sources 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2.1 The Monthly Distribution of Power Availability 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2.2 The Daily Distribution of Power Availability 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2.3 Short Term Variability 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2.4 The Capacity Factor 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Value of Energy from the Wind 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Impact on Balancing 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.5 Impact on Reliability 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.6 Discarded\/Curtailed Energy 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.7 Overall Penalties Due to Increasing Penetration 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.8 Combining Different Renewable Sources 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.9 Differences Between Electricity Systems 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.10 Limits of Penetration from Non-Dispatchable Sources 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Frequency Response Services from Renewables 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1.1 Wind Power 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1.2 Biofuels 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1.3 Waterpower 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1.4 Photovoltaics 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Frequency Control Modelling 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Background 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1.1 Modelling a Generator 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1.2 Modelling Released Demand 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1.3 Modelling the Grid’s Inertial Energy Store 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 A Modelling Example 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Energy Storage 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.1 Introduction 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.2 Storage Devices 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.3 Dynamic Demand Control 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Electrical Power Generation and Conditioning \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e115\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 The Conversion of Renewable Energy into Electrical Form 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The Synchronous Generator 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Construction and Mode of Operation 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 The Rotating Magnetic Field 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Synchronous Generator Operation When Grid Connected 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 The Synchronous Generator Equivalent Circuit 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Power Transfer Equations 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6 Three-Phase Equations 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.7 Four-Quadrant Operation 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.8 Power–Load Angle Characteristic 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 The Transformer 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Transformer Basics 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 The Transformer Equivalent Circuit 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Further Details on Transformers 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 The Asynchronous Generator 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Construction and Properties 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 The Induction Machine Equivalent Circuit 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 The Induction Machine Efficiency 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 The Induction Machine Speed-Torque Characteristic 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.5 Induction Generator Reactive Power 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.6 Comparison Between Synchronous and Asynchronous Generators 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Power Electronics 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Introduction 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Power-Semiconductor Devices 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.1 Diodes 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.2 Thyristors 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.3 Transistors 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Diode Bridge Rectifier 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Harmonics 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5 The Thyristor Bridge Converter 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.6 The Transistor Bridge 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.6.1 Basic Square Wave 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.6.2 Quasi-Sine Wave (Modified Square Wave) 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.6.3 Pulse-Width Modulation 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.6.4 Comparison of Switching Methods 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.6.5 Output Control in a Grid-Connected Inverter 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.6.6 The Three-Phase Bridge 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.7 Converter Internal Control Systems 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.8 DC–DC Converters 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.8.1 Step-Down DC–DC Converter 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.8.2 Step-Up DC–DC Converter 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.9 Multi-Level Converters 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.10 Matrix Converters 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.11 Z-Source Converters 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Applications to Renewable Energy Generators 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Applications to PV Systems 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.1 PV System Characteristics 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.2 Basic Grid-Connected PV Inverter 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.3 Transformerless Grid-Connected PV Inverter 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.4 PV Inverter Using a High-Frequency Transformer 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.5 PV Inverter Using a Steering Bridge 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.6 PV Inverters for Stand-Alone Operation 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Applications to Wind Power 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.1 Fixed Versus Variable Speed – Energy Capture [4] 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.2 Fixed Versus Variable Speed – Dynamics 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Synchronous Generator Supplying an Autonomous Network 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3.1 Fixed-Speed Wind Turbines 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3.2 Variable Slip Wind Turbines 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 The Principle of Slip Energy Recovery 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4.1 DFIG Wind Turbines 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4.2 Wind Turbines with Full Converters 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.5 Synchronous Generators in Wind Turbines 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.6 Gearless Wind Turbines 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.7 Hybrid Drive Train Designs 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.8 DC Transmission for Wind 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Applications to Small Scale Hydro 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Applications to Tidal Stream Turbines 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Power-System Analysis \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e171\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The Transmission System 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Single-Phase Representation 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Transmission and Distribution Systems 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Example Networks 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Voltage Control 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Power Flow in an Individual Section of Line 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Electrical Characteristics of Lines and Cables 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Single-Phase Equivalent Circuit 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Voltage Drop Calculation 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Simplifications and Conclusions 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Reactive Power Management 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Reactive Power Compensation Equipment 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1.1 Tap Changers and Voltage Regulators 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1.2 AVRs 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1.3 Static Compensators 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1.4 FACTS 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1.5 RE Generator Interfaces 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Load-Flow and Power-System Simulation 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Uses of Load Flow 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 A Particular Case 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Network Data 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4 Load\/Generation Data 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4.1 Time Dependence 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4.2 Types of Nodes (Buses) 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.5 The Load-Flow Calculations 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.6 Results 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.7 Unbalanced Load-Flow 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Faults and Protection 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Short-Circuit Fault Currents 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Symmetrical Three-Phase Fault Current 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Fault Currents in General 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.4 Fault Level (Short-Circuit Level) –Weak Grids 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.5 Thévenin Equivalent Circuit 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Time Varying and Dynamic Simulations 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Power-System Stability 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1 Equal Area Stability Criterion 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.2 Power-System Stabilisers 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Dynamic Line Rating 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Reliability Analysis 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Renewable Energy Generation in Power Systems \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e199\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Distributed Generation 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Introduction 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Point of Common Coupling (PCC) 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 Connection Voltage 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Voltage Effects 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Steady State Voltage Rise 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Automatic Voltage Control – Tap Changers 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Active and Reactive Power from Renewable Energy Generators 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Example Load Flow 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Thermal Limits 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Overhead Lines and Cables 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Transformers 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Other Embedded Generation Issues 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Flicker, Voltage Steps and Dips 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.1 Flicker 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.2 Steps and Dips 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Harmonics\/Distortion 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Phase Voltage Imbalance 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Network Reinforcement 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.5 Network Losses 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.6 Fault Level Increase 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Islanding 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Introduction 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Loss-of-Mains Protection for Rotating Machines 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Loss-of-Mains Protection for Inverters 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Fault Ride-Through 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Generator and Converter Characteristics 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Power System Economics and the Electricity Market \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e219\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 The Costs of Electricity Generation 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Capital and Running Costs of Renewable and Conventional Generation Plant 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Total Generation Costs 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Economic Optimisation in Power Systems 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Diversity of Generator Characteristics in a Power System 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Optimum Economic Dispatch 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Equal Incremental Cost Dispatch 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 OED with Several Units and Generation Limit\u003ci\u003es \u003c\/i\u003e225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Costs on a Level Playing Field 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 External Costs 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Introduction 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Types of External Cost 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 The Kyoto Protocol and Subsequent Agreements 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Costing Pollution 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Effects of Embedded Generation 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Value of Energy At Various Points of the Network 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 An Example Cash-Flow Analysis 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Value of Embedded Generation – Regional and Local Issues 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 Capacity Credit 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.5 Summary 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Support Mechanisms for Renewable Energy 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Introduction 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Feed-in Law 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 Quota System 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3.1 Renewables Obligation (RO) 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3.2 Contract for Difference (CFD) 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4 Carbon Tax 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4.1 Climate Change Levy 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4.2 Eco-Tax Reform 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4.3 Tax Relief 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Electricity Markets 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Introduction 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 The UK Electricity Supply Industry 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.1 The State-Owned Central Electricity-Generating Board 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.2 The Electricity Pool 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.3 The Operation of the Pool and Pool Rules 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.4 Hedging 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.5 Electricity Market Reform (EMR) 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.6 Ancillary Services 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.7 Marketing Green Electricity 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 The Future – Towards a Sustainable Electricity Supply System \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e249\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 The Future of Wind Power 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Large Wind Turbines 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Offshore Wind Farm Development 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.1 Electrical Integration 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.2 DC Transmission for Wind 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.3 Innovative Collector Systems 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.4 A Proposed European DC Supergrid 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.5 Smarter Wind Farms 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Building Integrated Wind Turbines 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 The Future of Solar Power 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 PV Technology Development 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1.1 Different Deployment Options 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Solar Thermal Electric Systems 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 The Future of Biofuels 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Geothermal Power 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 The Future of Hydro and Marine Power 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 The Shape of Future Networks 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Transmission System Evolution 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.2 Low Inertia Power Systems 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.3 Distribution Network Evolution 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.3.1 Active Networks 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.4 Problems Associated with Distributed Generation 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.4.1 Fault Levels 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.4.2 Voltage Levels 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.4.3 Network Security 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.4.4 Network Stability 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.5 Options to Ameliorate the Technical Difficulties 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.5.1 Planning Standards 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.5.2 Using Power Electronics Technology 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.5.3 Islanding 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.5.4 Dynamic Loads 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.5.5 Demand-Side Management of Loads 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.5.6 Storage 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.5.7 Microgrids 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.5.8 Virtual Power Stations 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Conclusions 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A Basic Electric Power Engineering Concepts \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e289\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Introduction 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Generators and Consumers of Energy 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 Why AC? 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4 AC Waveforms 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5 Response of Circuit Components to AC 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.1 Resistance 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.2 Inductance 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5.3 Capacitance 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.6 Phasors 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.7 Phasor Addition 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.8 Rectangular Notation 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.9 Reactance and Impedance 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.9.1 Resistance 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.9.2 Inductance 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.9.3 Capacitance 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.9.4 Impedance 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.10 Power in AC Circuits 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.11 Reactive Power 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.12 Complex Power 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.13 Conservation of Active and Reactive Power 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.14 Effects of Reactive Power Flow – Power Factor Correction 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.15 Three-Phase AC 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.16 The Thévenin Equivalent Circuit 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 313\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866375139671,"sku":"9781118649930","price":48.4,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118649930.jpg?v=1722278351"},{"product_id":"hybrid-electric-vehicles-9781118970560","title":"Hybrid Electric Vehicles","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe latest developments in the field of hybrid electric vehicles\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHybrid Electric Vehicles\u003c\/i\u003e provides an introduction to hybrid vehicles, which include purely electric, hybrid electric, hybrid hydraulic, fuel cell vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric, and off-road hybrid vehicular systems. It focuses on the power and propulsion systems for these vehicles, including issues related to power and energy management. Other topics covered include hybrid vs. pure electric, HEV system architecture (including plug-in \u0026amp; charging control and hydraulic), off-road and other industrial utility vehicles, safety and EMC, storage technologies, vehicular power and energy management, diagnostics and prognostics, and electromechanical vibration issues.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHybrid Electric Vehicles, Second Edition\u003c\/i\u003e is a comprehensively updated new edition with four new chapters covering recent advances in hybrid vehicle technology. New areas covered include battery modelling, charger design, and w\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout the Authors xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the First Edition xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Sustainable Transportation 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Population, Energy, and Transportation 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 Environment 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.3 Economic Growth 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.4 New Fuel Economy Requirement 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 A Brief History of HEVs 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Why EVs Emerged and Failed in the 1990s, and What We Can Learn 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Architectures of HEVs 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Series HEVs 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Parallel HEVs 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Series–Parallel HEVs 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Complex HEVs 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Diesel Hybrids 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.6 Other Approaches to Vehicle Hybridization 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.7 Hybridization Ratio 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Interdisciplinary Nature of HEVs 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 State of the Art of HEVs 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Toyota Prius 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2 The Honda Civic 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.3 The Ford Escape 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.4 The Two]Mode Hybrid 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Challenges and Key Technology of HEVs 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 The Invisible Hand–Government Support 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Latest Development in EV and HEV, China’s Surge in EV Sales 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Concept of Hybridization of the Automobile 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Vehicle Basics 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Constituents of a Conventional Vehicle 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Vehicle and Propulsion Load 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Drive Cycles and Drive Terrain 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Basics of the EV 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Why EV? 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Constituents of an EV 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Vehicle and Propulsion Loads 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Basics of the HEV 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Why HEV? 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Constituents of an HEV 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Basics of Plug]In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Why PHEV? 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Constituents of a PHEV 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Comparison of HEV and PHEV 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Basics of Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Why FCV? 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Constituents of a FCV 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Some Issues Related to Fuel Cells 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 HEV Fundamentals 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Vehicle Model 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Vehicle Performance 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 EV Powertrain Component Sizing 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Series Hybrid Vehicle 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Parallel Hybrid Vehicle 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Electrically Peaking Hybrid Concept 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 ICE Characteristics 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Gradability Requirement 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 Selection of Gear Ratio from ICE to Wheel 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Wheel Slip Dynamics 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Advanced HEV Architectures and Dynamics of HEV Powertrain 73\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Principle of Planetary Gears 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Toyota Prius and Ford Escape Hybrid Powertrain 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 GM Two]Mode Hybrid Transmission 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Operating Principle of the Two]Mode Powertrain 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Mode 0: Vehicle Launch and Backup 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Mode 1: Low Range 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Mode 2: High Range 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Mode 3: Regenerative Braking 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 Transition between Modes 0, 1, 2, and 3 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Dual]Clutch Hybrid Transmissions 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Conventional DCT Technology 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Gear Shift Schedule 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 DCT]Based Hybrid Powertrain 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Operation of DCT]Based Hybrid Powertrain 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4.1 Motor]Alone Mode 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4.2 Combined Mode 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4.3 Engine]Alone Mode 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4.4 Regenerative Braking Mode 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4.5 Power Split Mode 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4.6 Standstill Charge Mode 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4.7 Series Hybrid Mode 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Hybrid Transmission Proposed by Zhang et al. 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Motor]Alone Mode 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Combined Power Mode 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Engine]Alone Mode 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Electric CVT Mode 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5 Energy Recovery Mode 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.6 Standstill Mode 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Renault IVT Hybrid Transmission 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Timken Two]Mode Hybrid Transmission 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Mode 0: Launch and Reverse 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Mode 1: Low]Speed Operation 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Mode 2: High]Speed Operation 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4 Mode 4: Series Operating Mode 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.5 Mode Transition 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Tsai’s Hybrid Transmission 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Hybrid Transmission with Both Speed and Torque Coupling Mechanism 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Toyota Highlander and Lexus Hybrid, E]Four]Wheel Drive 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 CAMRY Hybrid 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Chevy Volt Powertrain 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 Non]Ideal Gears in the Planetary System 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14 Dynamics of the Transmission 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15 Conclusions 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Plug]In Hybrid Electric Vehicles 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction to PHEVs 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 PHEVs and EREVs 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Blended PHEVs 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Why PHEV? 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4 Electricity for PHEV Use 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 PHEV Architectures 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Equivalent Electric Range of Blended PHEVs 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Fuel Economy of PHEVs 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Well]to]Wheel Efficiency 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 PHEV Fuel Economy 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Utility Factor 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Power Management of PHEVs 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 PHEV Design and Component Sizing 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Component Sizing of EREVs 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Component Sizing of Blended PHEVs 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 HEV to PHEV Conversions 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1 Replacing the Existing Battery Pack 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.2 Adding an Extra Battery Pack 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.3 Converting Conventional Vehicles to PHEVs 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Other Topics on PHEVs 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.1 End]of]Life Battery for Electric Power Grid Support 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.2 Cold Start Emissions Reduction in PHEVs 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.3 Cold Weather\/Hot Weather Performance Enhancement in PHEVs 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.4 PHEV Maintenance 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.5 Safety of PHEVs 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Vehicle]to]Grid Technology 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.1 PHEV Battery Charging 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.2 Impact of G2V 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.3 The Concept of V2G 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.4 Advantages of V2G 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.5 Case Studies of V2G 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12 Conclusion 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Special Hybrid Vehicles 143\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Regenerative Braking in HHVs 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Off]Road HEVs 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Hybrid Excavators 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Hybrid Excavator Design Considerations 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Diesel HEVs 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Electric or Hybrid Ships, Aircraft, and Locomotives 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Ships 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Aircraft 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Locomotives 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Other Industrial Utility Application Vehicles 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 HEV Applications for Military Vehicles 175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Why HEVs Can Be Beneficial for Military Applications 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Ground Vehicle Applications 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Architecture – Series, Parallel, Complex 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Vehicles that Are of Most Benefit 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Non]Ground]Vehicle Military Applications 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Electromagnetic Launchers 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Hybrid]Powered Ships 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Aircraft Applications 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Dismounted Soldier Applications 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Ruggedness Issues 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Diagnostics, Prognostics, Reliability, EMC, and Other Topics \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eRelated to HEVs 189\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Diagnostics and Prognostics in HEVs and EVs 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Onboard Diagnostics 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Prognostics Issues 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Reliability of HEVs 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Analyzing the Reliability of HEV Architectures 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Reliability and Graceful Degradation 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Software Reliability Issues 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Issues 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Noise Vibration Harshness (NVH), Electromechanical, and Other Issues 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 End]of]Life Issues 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Power Electronics in HEVs 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Principles of Power Electronics 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Rectifiers Used in HEVs 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Ideal Rectifier 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Practical Rectifier 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Single]Phase Rectifier 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Voltage Ripple 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Buck Converter Used in HEVs 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Operating Principle 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Nonlinear Model 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Non]Isolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converter 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Operating Principle 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Maintaining Constant Torque Range and Power Capability 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Reducing Current Ripple in the Battery 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.4 Regenerative Braking 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Voltage Source Inverter 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Current Source Inverter 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Isolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converter 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.1 Basic Principle and Steady State Operations 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.1.1 Heavy Load Conditions 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.1.2 Light Load Condition 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.1.3 Output Voltage 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.1.4 Output Power 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.2 Voltage Ripple 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 PWM Rectifier in HEVs 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9.1 Rectifier Operation of Inverter 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 EV and PHEV Battery Chargers 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10.1 Forward\/Flyback Converters 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10.2 Half]Bridge DC–DC Converter 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10.3 Full]Bridge DC–DC Converter 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10.4 Power Factor Correction Stage 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10.4.1 Decreasing Impact on the Grid 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10.4.2 Decreasing the Impact on the Switches 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10.5 Bidirectional Battery Chargers 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10.6 Other Charger Topologies 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10.7 Contactless Charging 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10.8 Wireless Charging 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11 Modeling and Simulation of HEV Power Electronics 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11.1 Device]Level Simulation 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11.2 System]Level Model 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.12 Emerging Power Electronics Devices 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.13 Circuit Packaging 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14 Thermal Management of HEV Power Electronics 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.15 Conclusions 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Electric Machines and Drives in HEVs 261\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Induction Motor Drives 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Principle of Induction Motors 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motor 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Speed Control of Induction Machine 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Variable Frequency, Variable Voltage Control of Induction Motors 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 Efficiency and Losses of Induction Machine 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.6 Additional Loss in Induction Motors Due to PWM Supply 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.7 Field]Oriented Control of Induction Machine 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Permanent Magnet Motor Drives 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Basic Configuration of PM Motors 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Basic Principle and Operation of PM Motors 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Magnetic Circuit Analysis of IPM Motors 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3.1 Unsaturated Motor 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3.2 Saturated Motor 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3.3 Operation under Load 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3.4 Flux Concentration 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Sizing of Magnets in PM Motors 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4.1 Input Power 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4.2 Direct]Axis Armature Reaction Factor 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4.3 Magnetic Usage Ratio and Flux Leakage Coefficient 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4.4 Maximum Armature Current 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4.5 Inner Power Angle 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5 Eddy Current Losses in the Magnets of PM Machines 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Switched Reluctance Motors 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Machines 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Design and Sizing of Traction Motors 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Selection of A and B 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Speed Rating of the Traction Motor 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 Determination of the Inner Power 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Thermal Analysis and Modeling of Traction Motors 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 The Thermal Resistance of the Air Gap, Rag 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 The Radial Conduction Thermal Resistance of the Rotor Core, Rrs 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.3 The Radial Conduction Thermal Resistance of the Poles, Rmr 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.4 The Thermal Resistance of the Shaft, Rshf 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.5 The Radial Conduction Thermal Resistance of Stator Teeth, Rst 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.6 The Radial Conduction Thermal Resistance of the Stator Yoke, Rsy 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.7 The Conduction Thermal Resistance between the Windings and Stator, Rws 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.8 Convective Thermal Resistance Between Windings External to the Stator and Adjoining Air, Rwa 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Conclusions 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Electric Energy Sources and Storage Devices 333\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Characterization of Batteries 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Battery Capacity 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Energy Stored in a Battery 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 State of Charge in Battery (SOC) and Measurement of SOC 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3.1 SOC Determination 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3.2 Direct measurement 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3.3 Amp]hr Based Measurement 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3.4 Some Better Methods 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3.5 Initialization Process 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Depth of Discharge (DOD) of a Battery 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Specific Power and Energy Density 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.6 Ampere]Hour (Charge and Discharge) Efficiency 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.7 Number of Deep Cycles and Battery Life 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.8 Some Practical Issues About Batteries and Battery Life 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.8.1 Acronyms and Definitions 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.8.2 State of Health Issue in Batteries 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.8.3 Two]Pulse Load Method to Evaluate State of Health of a Battery [4, 6] 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.8.4 Battery Management Implementation 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.8.5 What to Do with All the Above Information 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Comparison of Energy Storage Technologies 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Lead Acid Battery 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Nickel Metal Hydride Battery 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Lithium]Ion Battery 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Ultracapacitors 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Electric Circuit Model for Batteries and Ultracapacitors 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Battery Modeling 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Electric Circuit Models for Ultracapacitors 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Flywheel Energy Storage System 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Fuel Cell Based Hybrid Vehicular Systems 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1 Introduction to Fuel Cells 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1.1 Types of Fuel Cells 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2 System Level Applications 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.3 Fuel Cell Modeling 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Summary and Discussion 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Battery Modeling 371\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Modeling of Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) Battery 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Chemistry of an NiMH Battery 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Modeling of Lithium]Ion (Li]Ion) Battery 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Chemistry in Li]Ion Battery 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Parameter Estimation for Battery Models 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Example Case of Using Battery Model in an EV System 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Summary and Observations on Modeling\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eand Simulation for Batteries 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 EV and PHEV Battery Charger Design 385\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Main Features of the LLC Resonant Charger 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Analysis in the Time Domain 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Operation Modes and Distribution Analysis 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Design Considerations for an LLC Converter for a PHEV Battery Charger 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Charging Trajectory Design 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Key Design Parameters 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Design Constraints 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Design Procedures 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Experimental Results 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Conclusions 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Modeling and Simulation of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles 409\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Fundamentals of Vehicle System Modeling 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 HEV Modeling Using ADVISOR 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 HEV Modeling Using PSAT 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Physics]Based Modeling 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 RCF Modeling Technique 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.2 Hybrid Powertrain Modeling 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.3 Modeling of a DC Machine 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.4 Modeling of DC–DC Boost Converter 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.5 Modeling of Vehicle Dynamics 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.6 Wheel Slip Model 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Bond Graph and Other Modeling Techniques 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.1 Bond Graph Modeling for HEVs 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.2 HEV Modeling Using PSIM 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.3 HEV Modeling Using Simplorer and V]Elph 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Consideration of Numerical Integration Methods 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Conclusion 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 HEV Component Sizing and Design Optimization 433\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Global Optimization Algorithms for HEV Design 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 DIRECT 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Simulated Annealing 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2.1 Algorithm Description 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2.2 Tunable Parameters 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2.3 Flow Chart 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Genetic Algorithms 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3.1 Flow Chart 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3.2 Operators and Selection Method 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3.3 Tunable Parameters 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Particle Swarm Optimization 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4.1 Algorithm Description 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4.2 Flow Chart 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5 Advantages\/Disadvantages of Different Optimization Algorithms 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5.1 DIRECT 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5.2 SA 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5.3 GA 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5.4 PSO 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Model]in]the]Loop Design Optimization Process 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Parallel HEV Design Optimization Example 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Series HEV Design Optimization Example 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.1 Control Framework of a Series HEV Powertrain 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.2 Series HEV Parameter Optimization 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.3 Optimization Results 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Conclusion 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Applications 461\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Fundamental Theory 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Magnetic Coupler Design 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Coupler for Stationary Charging 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Coupler for Dynamic Charging 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Compensation Network 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Power Electronics Converters and Power Control 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Methods of Study 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Additional Discussion 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7.1 Safety Concerns 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7.2 Vehicle to Grid Benefits 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7.3 Wireless Communications 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7.4 Cost 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 A Double]Sided LCC Compensation Topology and its Parameter Design 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.1 The Double]Sided LCC Compensation Topology 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.2 Parameter Tuning for Zero Voltage Switching 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.3 Parameter Design 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.4 Simulation and Experiment Results 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.4.1 Simulation Results 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.4.2 Experimental Results 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 An LCLC Based Wireless Charger Using Capacitive Power Transfer Principle 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.1 Circuit Topology Design 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.2 Capacitance Analysis 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.3 A 2.4 kW CPT System Design 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.4 Experiment 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.10 Summary 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Vehicular Power Control Strategy and Energy Management 521\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 A Generic Framework, Definition, and Needs 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Methodology to Implement 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Methodologies for Optimization 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2 Cost Function Optimization 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Benefits of Energy Management 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Commercialization and Standardization of HEV Technology and Future Transportation 539\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 What Is Commercialization and Why Is It Important for HEVs? 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Enablers of Commercialization 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Standardization and Commercialization 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Commercialization Issues and Effects on Various Types of Vehicles 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Commercialization of HEVs for Trucks and Off]Road Applications 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Commercialization and Future of HEVs and Transportation 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 A Holistic Perspective on Vehicle Electrification 545\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Vehicle Electrification – What Does it Involve? 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 To What Extent Should Vehicles Be Electrified? 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 What Other Industries Are Involved or Affected in Vehicle Electrification? 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 A More Complete Picture Towards Vehicle Electrification 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 The Ultimate Issue: To Electrify Vehicles or Not? 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 555\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866383397207,"sku":"9781118970560","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118970560.jpg?v=1722278386"},{"product_id":"wave-and-tidal-energy-9781119014447","title":"Wave and Tidal Energy","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eA comprehensive text covering all aspects of wave and tidal energy    Wave and Tidal Energy provides a comprehensive and self-contained review of the developing marine renewable energy sector, drawing from the latest research and from the experience of device testing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xviii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword xx\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDeborah Greaves and Gregorio Iglesias\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Background\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 1.2 History of Wave and Tidal Energy 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Unknowns and Challenges Remaining for Wave and Tidal Energy 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Synopsis 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The Marine Resource 15\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGregorio Iglesias\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The Wave Resource 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 The Tidal Stream Resource 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Wave Energy Technology 52\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDeborah Greaves\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Fundamentals 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Hydrodynamics of Wave Energy Conversion 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Classification of Wave Energy Converters 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Oscillating Water Columns 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Overtopping Systems 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Oscillating Bodies 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Other Technologies 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 The Wave Energy Array 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Tidal Energy Technology 105\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eTim O’Doherty, Daphne M. O’Doherty and Allan Mason]Jones\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 General Introduction 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Location of Operation 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Environmental Impacts 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Tides 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Tidal Range Generation 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Tidal Stream 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Types of Devices 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Oscillating Hydrofoils 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Venturi Effect Devices 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Other Devices 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Computational Fluid Dynamics 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Security, Installation and Maintenance 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 Worked Examples 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Device Design 151\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLars Johanning, Sam D. Weller, Phillip R. Thies, Brian Holmes and John Griffiths\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Standards and Certification in Marine Energy 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Reliability 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Moorings and Anchors 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Foundations 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Power Systems 191\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAndrew R. Plummer, Andrew J. Hillis and Carlos Perez]Collazo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction to Power Take]Off Systems 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Electrical Generators 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Turbines for WEC Power Take]Off 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Hydraulic Power Transmission Systems 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Hydraulic PTO Designs for WECs 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Direct Mechanical Power Take]Off 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Control for Maximum Energy Capture 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Electrical Infrastructure and Grid Integration 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Summary of Challenges for PTO Design and Development 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Physical Modelling 233\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMartyn Hann and Carlos Perez]Collazo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Device Development and Test Planning 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Scaling and Similitude 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Scaling MRE Devices 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Common Problems Scaling MRE Devices 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Model Design and Construction 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Fixing and Mooring 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Instrumentation 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Model Calibration 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Modelling the Environment 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Test Facilities 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Recommended Tests 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Numerical Modelling 289\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eThomas Vyzikas and Deborah Greaves\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Review of Hydrodynamics 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Numerical Modelling Techniques 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Numerical Modelling of Water Waves 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Commonly Used Open]Source Software 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Applicability of Numerical Models in MRE 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Environmental Effects 364\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGregorio Iglesias, Javier Abanades Tercero, Teresa Simas, Inês Machado and Erica Cruz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Wave Farm Effects on the Wave Field 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Wave Farm Effects on Coastal Processes 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Tidal Stream Farm Effects on Hydrodynamics and Sedimentary Processes 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Marine Biota 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 The Environmental Impact Assessment 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Consenting and Legal Aspects 455\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnne Marie O’Hagan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 International Law 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Regional Law 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 EU Law and Policy 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 National Consenting Systems 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Gaps and Opportunities 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgement 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 The Economics of Wave and Tidal Energy 513\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGregorio Iglesias, Sharay Astariz and Angela Vazquez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Individual Costs 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Levelised Cost 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Externalities 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Project Development 533\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePaul Vigars, Kwangsoo Lee, Sungwon Shin, Boel Ekergard, Mats Leijon, Yago Torre]Enciso, Dorleta\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003eMarina and Deborah Greaves\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Alstom Ocean Energy OCEADE™ Tidal Stream Turbine: The Route to Commercial Readiness 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Seabased Wave Energy Converter 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Lake Sihwa Tidal Power Plant, Korea 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Mutriku Wave Power Plant 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 584\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Regional Activities 587\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDeborah Greaves, Carlos Perez]Collazo, Curran Crawford, Bradley Buckham, Vanesa Magar, Francisco\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003eAcuña, Sungwon Shin, Hongda Shi and Chenyu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Europe 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 North America 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Latin America 616\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Asia]Pacific 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 China 630\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpilogue: The Future of Wave and Tidal Energy 659\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eDeborah Greaves\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 662\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866384478551,"sku":"9781119014447","price":108.86,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119014447.jpg?v=1722278393"},{"product_id":"system-reliability-theory-9781119373520","title":"System Reliability Theory","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHandbook and reference for industrial statisticians and system reliability engineers\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSystem Reliability Theory: Models, Statistical Methods, and Applications, Third Edition\u003c\/i\u003epresents an updated and revised look at system reliability theory, modeling, and analytical methods. The new edition is based on feedback to the second edition from numerous students, professors,researchers,and industries around the world. New sections and chapters are added together with new real-world industry examples,andstandards and problemsare revised and updated.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSystem Reliability Theory\u003c\/i\u003ecovers a broad and deep array of system reliability topics, including:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In depth discussion of failures and failure modes\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The main system reliability assessment methods\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Common-cause failure modeling\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Deterioration modeling\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Maintenance modeling andassessmentusing Python code\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Bayesian probability and methods\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Life data analysis using R\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xxix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 What is Reliability? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Service Reliability 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 Past and Future Reliability 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 The Importance of Reliability 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Related Applications 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Basic Reliability Concepts 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Reliability 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Maintainability and Maintenance 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Availability 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Quality 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.5 Dependability 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.6 Safety and Security 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.7 RAM and RAMS 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Reliability Metrics 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Reliability Metrics for a Technical Item 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Reliability Metrics for a Service 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Approaches to Reliability Analysis 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 The Physical Approach to Reliability 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Systems Approach to Reliability 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Reliability Engineering 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Roles of the Reliability Engineer 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2 Timing of Reliability Studies 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Objectives, Scope, and Delimitations of the Book 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Trends and Challenges 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Standards and Guidelines 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 History of System Reliability 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 Problems 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The Study Object and its Functions \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 System and System Elements 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Item 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Embedded Item 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Boundary Conditions 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Closed and Open Systems 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Operating Context 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Functions and Performance Requirements 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Functions 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Performance Requirements 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Classification of Functions 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 Functional Modeling and Analysis 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.5 Function Trees 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.6 SADT and IDEF 0 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 System Analysis 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Synthesis 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Simple, Complicated, and Complex Systems 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 System Structure Modeling 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.1 Reliability Block Diagram 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.2 Series Structure 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.3 Parallel Structure 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.4 Redundancy 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.5 Voted Structure 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.6 Standby Structure 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.7 More Complicated Structures 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.8 Two Different System Functions 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.9 Practical Construction of RBDs 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Problems 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Failures and Faults \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 States and Transitions 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Operational Modes 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Failures 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Failures in a State 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Failures During Transition 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Faults 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Failure Modes 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Failure Causes and Effects 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Failure Causes 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Proximate Causes and Root Causes 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Hierarchy of Causes 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Classification of Failures and Failure Modes 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Classification According to Local Consequence 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Classification According to Cause 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Failure Mechanisms 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 Software Faults 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.5 Failure Effects 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Failure\/Fault Analysis 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Cause and Effect Analysis 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Root Cause Analysis 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Problems 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Qualitative System Reliability Analysis \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Deductive Versus Inductive Analysis 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 FMEA\/FMECA 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Types of FMECA 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Objectives of FMECA 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 FMECA Procedure 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Applications 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Fault Tree Analysis 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Fault Tree Symbols and Elements 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Definition of the Problem and the Boundary Conditions 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Constructing the Fault Tree 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Identification of Minimal Cut and Path Sets 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 MOCUS 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 Qualitative Evaluation of the Fault Tree 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.7 Dynamic Fault Trees 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Event Tree Analysis 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Initiating Event 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Safety Functions 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Event Tree Construction 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Description of Resulting Event Sequences 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Fault Trees versus Reliability Block Diagrams 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Recommendation 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Structure Function 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Series Structure 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Parallel Structure 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 \u003ci\u003ek\u003c\/i\u003eoo\u003ci\u003en\u003c\/i\u003e:G Structure 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Truth Tables 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 System Structure Analysis 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Single Points of Failure 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Coherent Structures 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 General Properties of Coherent Structures 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4 Structures Represented by Paths and Cuts 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.5 Pivotal Decomposition 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.6 Modules of Coherent Structures 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Bayesian Networks 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Illustrative Examples 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Problems 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Probability Distributions in Reliability Analysis \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e141\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 State Variable 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Time-to-Failure 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 A Dataset 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Relative Frequency Distribution 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Empirical Distribution and Survivor Function 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 General Characteristics of Time-to-Failure Distributions 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Survivor Function 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Failure Rate Function 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Conditional Survivor Function 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Mean Time-to-Failure 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Additional Probability Metrics 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.6 Mean Residual Lifetime 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.7 Mixture of Time-to-Failure Distributions 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Some Time-to-Failure Distributions 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 The Exponential Distribution 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 The Gamma Distribution 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 TheWeibull Distribution 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 The Normal Distribution 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.5 The Lognormal Distribution 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.6 Additional Time-to-Failure Distributions 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Extreme Value Distributions 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 The Gumbel Distribution of the Smallest Extreme 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 The Gumbel Distribution of the Largest Extreme 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 TheWeibull Distribution of the Smallest Extreme 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Time-to-Failure Models With Covariates 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Accelerated Failure Time Models 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 The Arrhenius Model 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Proportional Hazards Models 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Additional Continuous Distributions 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 The Uniform Distribution 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 The Beta Distribution 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Discrete Distributions 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.1 Binomial Situation 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.2 The Binomial Distribution 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.3 The Geometric Distribution 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.4 The Negative Binomial Distribution 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.5 The Homogeneous Poisson Process 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Classes of Time-to-Failure Distributions 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1 IFR and DFR Distributions 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.2 IFRA and DFRA Distributions 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.3 NBU and NWU Distributions 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.4 NBUE and NWUE Distributions 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.5 Some Implications 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Summary of Time-to-Failure Distributions 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Problems 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 System Reliability Analysis \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Assumptions 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 System Reliability 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Reliability of Series Structures 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Reliability of Parallel Structures 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Reliability of \u003ci\u003ek\u003c\/i\u003eoo\u003ci\u003en \u003c\/i\u003eStructures 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Pivotal Decomposition 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Critical Component 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Nonrepairable Systems 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Nonrepairable Series Structures 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Nonrepairable Parallel Structures 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Nonrepairable 2oo3 Structures 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 A Brief Comparison 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Nonrepairable \u003ci\u003ek\u003c\/i\u003eoo\u003ci\u003en \u003c\/i\u003eStructures 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Standby Redundancy 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Passive Redundancy, Perfect Switching, No Repairs 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Cold Standby, Imperfect Switch, No Repairs 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Partly Loaded Redundancy, Imperfect Switch, No Repairs 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Single Repairable Items 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Availability 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Average Availability with Perfect Repair 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Availability of a Single Item with Constant Failure and Repair Rates 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Operational Availability 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.5 Production Availability 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.6 Punctuality 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.7 Failure Rate of Repairable Items 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Availability of Repairable Systems 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 The MUT and MDT of Repairable Systems 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Computation Based on Minimal Cut Sets 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Uptimes and Downtimes for Reparable Systems 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Quantitative Fault Tree Analysis 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1 Terminology and Symbols 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2 Delimitations and Assumptions 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.3 Fault Trees with a Single AND-Gate 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.4 Fault Tree with a Single OR-Gate 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.5 The Upper Bound Approximation Formula for \u003ci\u003eQ\u003c\/i\u003e0(\u003ci\u003et\u003c\/i\u003e) 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.6 The Inclusion–Exclusion Principle 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.7 ROCOF of a Minimal Cut Parallel Structure 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.8 Frequency of the TOP Event 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.9 Binary Decision Diagrams 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Event Tree Analysis 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Bayesian Networks 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.1 Influence and Cause 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.2 Independence Assumptions 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.3 Conditional Probability Table 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.4 Conditional Independence 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.5 Inference and Learning 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.6 BN and Fault Tree Analysis 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Monte Carlo Simulation 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.1 Random Number Generation 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2 Monte Carlo Next Event Simulation 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.3 Simulation of Multicomponent Systems 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Problems 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Reliability Importance Metrics \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e299\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Objectives of Reliability Importance Metrics 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Reliability Importance Metrics Considered 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Assumptions and Notation 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Critical Components 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Birnbaum’s Metric for Structural Importance 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Birnbaum’s Metric of Reliability Importance 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Birnbaum’s Metric in Fault Tree Analysis 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 A Second Definition of Birnbaum’s Metric 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 A Third Definition of Birnbaum’s Metric 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Computation of Birnbaum’s Metric for Structural Importance 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5 Variants of Birnbaum’s Metric 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Improvement Potential 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Relation to Birnbaum’s Metric 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 A Variant of the Improvement Potential 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Criticality Importance 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Fussell–Vesely’s Metric 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Derivation of Formulas for Fussell–Vesely’s Metric 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Relationship to Other Metrics for Importance 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Differential Importance Metric 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.1 Option 1 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.2 Option 2 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Importance Metrics for Safety Features 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.1 Risk AchievementWorth 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.2 Risk ReductionWorth 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.3 Relationship with the Improvement Potential 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Barlow–Proschan’s Metric 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Problems 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Dependent Failures \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e337\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Dependent Events and Variables 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Correlated Variables 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Types of Dependence 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Cascading Failures 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Tight Coupling 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Common-Cause Failures 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Multiple Failures that Are Not a CCF 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Causes of CCF 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Defenses Against CCF 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 CCF Models and Analysis 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Explicit Modeling 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Implicit Modeling 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Modeling Approach 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 Model Assumptions 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Basic Parameter Model 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Probability of a Specific Multiplicity 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Conditional Probability of a Specific Multiplicity 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Beta-Factor Model 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Relation to the BPM 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.2 Beta-Factor Model in System Analysis 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.3 Beta-Factor Model for Nonidentical Components 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.4 \u003ci\u003eC\u003c\/i\u003e-Factor Model 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Multi-parameter Models 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.1 Binomial Failure Rate Model 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.2 Multiple Greek Letter Model 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.3 Alpha-Factor Model 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.4 Multiple Beta-Factor Model 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Problems 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Maintenance and Maintenance Strategies \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e371\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 What is Maintenance? 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Maintainability 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Maintenance Categories 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Completeness of a Repair Task 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Condition Monitoring 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Maintenance Downtime 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Downtime Caused by Failures 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Downtime of a Series Structure 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Downtime of a Parallel Structure 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Downtime of a General Structure 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Reliability Centered Maintenance 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 What is RCM? 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Main Steps of an RCM Analysis 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Total Productive Maintenance 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Problems 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Counting Processes \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e401\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Counting Processes 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Basic Concepts 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Martingale Theory 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.4 Four Types of Counting Processes 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Homogeneous Poisson Processes 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Main Features of the HPP 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Asymptotic Properties 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Estimate and Confidence Interval 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Sum and Decomposition of HPPs 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 Conditional Distribution of Failure Time 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.6 Compound HPPs 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Renewal Processes 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Basic Concepts 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 The Distribution of \u003ci\u003eSn \u003c\/i\u003e418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 The Distribution of \u003ci\u003eN\u003c\/i\u003e(\u003ci\u003et\u003c\/i\u003e) 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 The Renewal Function 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5 The Renewal Density 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.6 Age and Remaining Lifetime 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.7 Bounds for the Renewal Function 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.8 Superimposed Renewal Processes 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.9 Renewal Reward Processes 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.10 Delayed Renewal Processes 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.11 Alternating Renewal Processes 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Nonhomogeneous Poisson Processes 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Introduction and Definitions 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Some Results 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Parametric NHPP Models 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Statistical Tests of Trend 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Imperfect Repair Processes 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Brown and Proschan’s model 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Failure Rate Reduction Models 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Age Reduction Models 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.4 Trend Renewal Process 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Model Selection 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Problems 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Markov Analysis \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e473\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Markov Property 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Markov Processes 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Procedure to Establish the Transition Rate Matrix 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Chapman–Kolmogorov Equations 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Kolmogorov Differential Equations 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 State Equations 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Asymptotic Solution 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 System Performance Metrics 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Parallel and Series Structures 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Parallel Structures of Independent Components 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Series Structures of Independent Components 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Series Structure of Components Where Failure of One Component Prevents Failure of the Other 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Mean Time to First System Failure 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Absorbing States 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Survivor Function 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3 Mean Time to the First System Failure 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Systems with Dependent Components 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1 Common Cause Failures 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Load-Sharing Systems 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Standby Systems 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1 Parallel System with Cold Standby and Perfect Switching 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2 Parallel System with Cold Standby and Perfect Switching (Item \u003ci\u003eA \u003c\/i\u003eis the Main Operating Item) 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.3 Parallel System with Cold Standby and Imperfect Switching (Item \u003ci\u003eA \u003c\/i\u003eis the Main Operating Item) 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.4 Parallel System with Partly Loaded Standby and Perfect Switching (Item \u003ci\u003eA \u003c\/i\u003eis the Main Operating Item) 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Markov Analysis in Fault Tree Analysis 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.1 Cut Set Information 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.2 System Information 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Time-Dependent Solution 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9.1 Laplace Transforms 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Semi-Markov Processes 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Multiphase Markov Processes 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11.1 Changing the Transition Rates 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11.2 Changing the Initial State 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Piecewise Deterministic Markov Processes 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12.1 Definition of PDMP 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12.2 State Probabilities 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12.3 A Specific Case 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.13 Simulation of a Markov Process 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14 Problems 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Preventive Maintenance \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e545\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Terminology and Cost Function 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Time-Based Preventive Maintenance 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Age Replacement 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Block Replacement 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 \u003ci\u003eP\u003c\/i\u003e–\u003ci\u003eF \u003c\/i\u003eIntervals 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Degradation Models 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Remaining Useful Lifetime 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Trend Models; Regression-Based Models 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Models with Increments 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Shock Models 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.5 Stochastic Processes with Discrete States 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.6 Failure Rate Models 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Condition-Based Maintenance 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 CBM Strategy 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Continuous Monitoring and Finite Discrete State Space 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Continuous Monitoring and Continuous State Space 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.4 Inspection-Based Monitoring and Finite Discrete State Space 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.5 Inspection-Based Monitoring and Continuous State Space 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Maintenance of Multi-Item Systems 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1 System Model 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.2 Maintenance Models 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.3 An Illustrative Example 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Problems 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Reliability of Safety Systems \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e605\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Safety-Instrumented Systems 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Main SIS Functions 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Testing of SIS Functions 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3 Failure Classification 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Probability of Failure on Demand 611\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Probability of Failure on Demand 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Approximation Formulas 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Mean Downtime in a Test Interval 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Mean Number of Test Intervals Until First Failure 619\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.5 Staggered Testing 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.6 Nonnegligible Repair Time 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Safety Unavailability 622\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Probability of Critical Situation 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Spurious Trips 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Failures Detected by Diagnostic Self-Testing 625\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Common Cause Failures 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Diagnostic Self-Testing and CCFs 629\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 CCFs Between Groups and Subsystems 631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 CCFs Between Voted Groups 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 CCFs Between Subsystems 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 IEC 61508 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.1 Safety Lifecycle 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.2 Safety Integrity Level 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.3 Compliance with IEC 61508 635\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 The PDS Method 638\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Markov Approach 639\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9.1 All Failures are Repaired After Each Test 643\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9.2 All Critical Failures Are Repaired after Each Test 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9.3 Imperfect Repair after Each Test 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Problems 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 652\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Reliability Data Analysis \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e655\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 655\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.1 Purpose of the Chapter 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Some Basic Concepts 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Datasets 657\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Survival Times 658\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Categories of Censored Datasets 660\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4 Field Data Collection Exercises 662\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5 At-Risk-Set 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Exploratory Data Analysis 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 A Complete Dataset 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Sample Metrics 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3 Histogram 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.4 Density Plot 670\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.5 Empirical Survivor Function 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.6 Q–Q Plot 673\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Parameter Estimation 674\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Estimators and Estimates 675\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Properties of Estimators 675\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3 Method of Moments Estimation 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.4 Maximum Likelihood Estimation 680\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.5 Exponentially Distributed Lifetimes 686\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.6 Weibull Distributed Lifetimes 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 The Kaplan–Meier Estimate 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 Motivation for the Kaplan–Meier Estimate Based a Complete Dataset 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.2 The Kaplan–Meier Estimator for a Censored Dataset 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Cumulative Failure Rate Plots 701\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.1 The Nelson–Aalen Estimate of the Cumulative Failure Rate 703\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Total-Time-on-Test Plotting 708\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.1 Total-Time-on-Test Plot for Complete Datasets 708\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.2 Total-Time-on-Test Plot for Censored Datasets 721\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.3 A Brief Comparison 722\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Survival Analysis with Covariates 723\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8.1 Proportional Hazards Model 723\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8.2 Cox Models 726\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8.3 Estimating the Parameters of the Cox Model 727\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 Problems 730\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 736\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Bayesian Reliability Analysis \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e739\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 739\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.1 Three Interpretations of Probability 739\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.2 Bayes’ Formula 741\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Bayesian Data Analysis 742\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Frequentist Data Analysis 743\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Bayesian Data Analysis 743\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Model for Observed Data 745\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Prior Distribution 745\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5 Observed Data 746\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.6 Likelihood Function 746\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.7 Posterior Distribution 747\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Selection of Prior Distribution 749\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Binomial Model 749\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Exponential Model – Single Observation 752\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Exponential Model – Multiple Observations 753\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.4 Homogeneous Poisson Process 755\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.5 Noninformative Prior Distributions 757\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Bayesian Estimation 758\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Bayesian Point Estimation 758\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Credible Intervals 760\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Predictive Distribution 761\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Models with Multiple Parameters 762\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Bayesian Analysis with R 762\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Problems 764\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 766\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Reliability Data: Sources and Quality \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e767\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 767\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.1 Categories of Input Data 767\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.2 Parameters Estimates 768\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Generic Reliability Databases 769\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 OREDA 770\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 PDS Data Handbook 772\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.3 PERD 773\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.4 SERH 773\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.5 NPRD, EPRD, and FMD 773\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.6 GADS 774\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.7 GIDEP 774\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.8 FMEDA Approach 775\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.9 Failure Event Databases 775\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Reliability Prediction 775\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 MIL-HDBK-217 Approach 776\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Similar Methods 778\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Common Cause Failure Data 778\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.1 ICDE 779\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.2 IEC 61508 Method 779\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Data Analysis and Data Quality 780\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.1 Outdated Technology 780\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.2 Inventory Data 781\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.3 Constant Failure Rates 781\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.4 Multiple Samples 783\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.5 Data From Manufacturers 785\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.6 Questioning the Data Quality 785\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Data Dossier 785\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.1 Final Remarks 785\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 787\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A Acronyms \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e789\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix B Laplace Transforms \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e793\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1 Important Properties of Laplace Transforms 794\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2 Laplace Transforms of Some Selected Functions 794\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthor Index 797\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubject Index 803\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866393882967,"sku":"9781119373520","price":127.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119373520.jpg?v=1722278441"},{"product_id":"climate-capitalism-winning-the-global-race-to-zero-emissions-an-important-read-for-anyone-in-need-of-optimism-bill-gates-9781529329926","title":"Climate Capitalism: Winning the Global Race to","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA \u003ci\u003eTHE TIMES \u003c\/i\u003eBEST SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT BOOK OF THE YEAR\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'AN IMPORTANT READ FOR ANYONE IN NEED OF OPTIMISM' BILL GATES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'DAZZLING AND DEEPLY REPORTED' DAVID 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ENGAGING STORIES OF PEOPLE BEHIND SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ADVANCES IN RECENT DECADES' \u003ci\u003eFINANCIAL TIMES\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eIt's now cheaper to save the world than destroy it.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOur age will be defined by the climate emergency. But contrary to the doomist narrative that's taken hold, the world has already begun deploying the solutions needed to deal with it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOn a journey across five continents, \u003ci\u003eClimate Capitalism\u003c\/i\u003e tracks the unlikely heroes driving the fight against climate change. 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This inspiring blend of business, science, and history provides the framework for ensuring that future generations can live in prosperity and that the wheels of progress don't falter.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/h2\u003eFew books on either climate or capitalism manage to be as insightful as they are readable, but Rathi cracks it.\u003cb\u003e He delivers his powerful and hopeful message with both substance and style,\u003c\/b\u003e and reminds us of the immensely important role of great storytelling as we reimagine our economy -- Paul Polman, co-author of NET-POSITIVE and former CEO of Unilever\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e[A] bold new book. \u003c\/b\u003eClimate change is a crisis that requires urgent action, but Rathi shows how we can harness capitalism to tackle it. Give it to the doomsayer in your life -- John Schwartz, journalism professor at UT Austin and veteran NYT reporter\u003cbr\u003eAre you suffering from climate anxiety? Go\u003cb\u003e take a few deep breaths and then pre-order this book\u003c\/b\u003e. You'll learn about fascinating people who show that solutions for climate change are both possible and profitable -- Will Mathis, reporter for Bloomberg News\u003cbr\u003eThere are very few people as well-situated as Akshat Rathi is to describe and assess our current efforts to cope with climate change . . . Here he puts it all together in\u003cb\u003e a marvelous report \u003c\/b\u003e. . . [Rathi] gives hope that we might make it work. \u003cb\u003eAn inspiring book!\u003c\/b\u003e -- Kim Stanley Robinson\u003cbr\u003eIt's easy to feel fear or despair in the face of humanity's greatest challenge, but fortunately work on solutions began decades ago . . . Rathi's \u003cb\u003ebrilliantly written\u003c\/b\u003e account of some of those stories is \u003cb\u003ean inspiration to keep going\u003c\/b\u003e in a fight which we have no other option than to win -- Bryony Worthington, member of the UK’s House of Lords\u003cbr\u003eAddressing climate change will make us richer, happier, healthier, more equal and more safe. Do we take the bargain? That is the animating question of Rathi's \u003cb\u003eilluminating and incisive\u003c\/b\u003e book, which offers the \u003cb\u003edazzling and deeply reported\u003c\/b\u003e argument that the answer should be, overwhelmingly, yes -- David Wallace-Wells, author of THE UNINHABITABLE EARTH\u003cbr\u003eClimate innovation has accelerated far faster than many realize and by shining a spotlight on the solutions and innovators driving progress, \u003ci\u003eClimate Capitalism\u003c\/i\u003e is \u003cb\u003ean important read for anyone in need of optimism\u003c\/b\u003e about our ability to build a clean energy future -- Bill Gates\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eA \u003cb\u003ehighly readable \u003c\/b\u003ereminder that efforts to cut emissions are achieving a lot more than is widely realised. Rathi brings this shift to life with \u003cb\u003eengaging stories of people behind some of the most important advances\u003c\/b\u003e in recent decades\u003c\/p\u003e -- Pilita Clark, Financial Times","brand":"John Murray Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48867507994967,"sku":"9781529329926","price":17.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781529329926.jpg?v=1722283614"},{"product_id":"mobile-solar-power-made-easy-mobile-12-volt-off-grid-solar-system-design-and-installation-rvs-vans-cars-and-boats-do-it-yourself-step-by-step-instructions-9781546567110","title":"Mobile Solar Power Made Easy!: Mobile 12 volt off","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Createspace Independent Publishing Platform","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48867554754903,"sku":"9781546567110","price":12.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"install-your-own-solar-panels-designing-and-installing-a-photovoltaic-system-to-power-your-home-9781612128252","title":"Install Your Own Solar Panels: Designing and","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eLabor and related costs account for more than half of the price of the average home solar installation. But homeowners can save thousands of dollars with this user-friendly manual, which follows the same process professional contractors use. Through detailed directions and step-by-step photos, veteran solar installer Joseph Burdick and seasoned builder Philip Schmidt teach you how to determine the size, placement, and type of installation you’ll need. This comprehensive DIY guide covers everything from assembling rooftop racking or building a ground-mount structure to setting up the electrical connections and making a battery bank for off-grid systems.","brand":"Workman Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48867756704087,"sku":"9781612128252","price":14.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781612128252.jpg?v=1722284816"},{"product_id":"designing-and-building-mini-and-micro-hydro-power-schemes-9781853396465","title":"Designing and Building Mini and Micro Hydro Power","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eSmall hydro power installations have the potential to provide a renewable supply of energy to people in remote, hilly communities, far from the national gird. This book is based on the authors'' considerable experience of installing hydroelectric schemes that produce up to 500kW for powering small communities. The book describes not only the electro-mechanical equipment and how it is installed, but also the correct setting of the installation and how to design and build the channels leading up to the turbine so as to optimize performance. These civil works can be carried out by local manpower, using materials that are usually available locally. Chapters cover the main components of small hydroelectric plants from the intake and the headrace channel, via the conveyance channel, to the forebay tank, penstock, turbine, and generator. This practical manual is a major new addition to the resources available for micro-hydro power project and programme managers worldwide and represents excellent value for such a detailed technical reference handbook.","brand":"Practical Action Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48868799742295,"sku":"9781853396465","price":26.55,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781853396465.jpg?v=1791478966"},{"product_id":"do-it-yourself-12-volt-solar-power-9781856232425","title":"Do It Yourself 12 Volt Solar Power","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eIf you want to introduce alternative power supplies around the home and garden or even live totally off-grid in your boat, caravan or yurt and need a practical introduction to solar power and 12 volt supplies, here is an essential guide to the subject. Not only will it save you money, it will show you how to run your lights, laptop, DVDs and music, and even your tools and household products, from a simple 12 volt system. Be in control of more of your home's own energy supply, develop a low impact way of living and be prepared for power cuts and for power down situations in the future! Do It Yourself 12 Volt Solar Power begins with a lesson in how electricity works and the main components of a DIY solar system. The author uses clear diagrams and terms. There is, of course, more technical information as the book progresses, but don't worry, this no-nonsense guide provides a useful, back-to-basics approach for the layperson. This is a reference book that will help you trouble-shoot and get the best value for money from what you can find hidden in the back of the garage. Quirky and humorous, it also shows you how to make a sun following system using just a bicycle wheel, a pallet and the motor from a CD player!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/h2\u003eThis book is unique. As far as I know no-one else has collected together a full range of the techniques you can use to live happily off the grid with solar electricity. At present it's mostly relevant to travellers and people living beyond the reach of the mains, but the day when it becomes important for all of us may be nearer than we think. Patrick Whitefield, author of the Earth Care Manual","brand":"Permanent Publications","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48868815667543,"sku":"9781856232425","price":11.66,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781856232425.jpg?v=1722289844"},{"product_id":"solar-energy-the-physics-and-engineering-of-photovoltaic-conversion-technologies-and-systems-9781906860325","title":"Solar Energy: The physics and engineering of","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cb\u003eThis book provides a broad overview on the different aspects of solar energy, with a focus on photovoltaics, which is the technology that allows light energy to be converted into electric energy.\u003c\/b\u003e  Renewable energy sources have become increasingly popular in recent years, and solar is one of the most adaptable and attractive types – from solar farms to support the National Grid to roof panels\/tiles used for solar thermal heating systems, and small solar garden lights.   Written by Delft University researchers, \u003ci\u003eSolar Energy\u003c\/i\u003e uniquely covers both the physics of photovoltaic (PV) cells and the design of PV systems for real-life applications, from a concise history of solar cells components and location issues of current systems. The book is designed to make this complicated subject accessible to all, and is packed with fascinating graphs and charts, as well as useful exercises to cement the topics covered in each chapter.  \u003ci\u003eSolar Energy\u003c\/i\u003e outlines the fundamental principles of semiconductor solar cells, as well as PV technology: crystalline silicon solar cells, thin-film cells, PV modules, and third-generation concepts. There is also background on PV systems, from simple stand-alone to complex systems connected to the grid. This is an invaluable reference for physics students, researchers, industrial engineers and designers working in solar energy generation, as well those with a general interest in renewable energy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cb\u003eI. Introduction\u003c\/b\u003e 1. Energy 2. Status and prospects of PV technology 3. The working principle of a solar cell  \u003cb\u003eII. PV Fundamentals\u003c\/b\u003e 4. Electrodynamic basics 5. Solar radiation 6. Basic semiconductor physics 7. Generation and recombination of electron-hole pairs 8. Semiconductor junctions 9. Solar cell parameters and equivalent circuit 10. Losses and efficiency limits  \u003cb\u003eIII. PV technology\u003c\/b\u003e 11. A short history of solar cells 12. Crystalline silicon solar cells 13. Thin-film solar cells 14. A closer look to some processes 15. PV modules 16. Third generation concepts  \u003cb\u003eIV. PV systems\u003c\/b\u003e 17. Introduction to PV systems 18. Location issues 19. Components of PV systems 20. PV system design 21. PV System economics and ecology  \u003cb\u003eV. Alternative solar energy conversion technologies\u003c\/b\u003e 22. Solar thermal energy 23. Solar fuels  \u003cb\u003eAppendix\u003c\/b\u003e A. Derivations in electrodynamics B. Derivation of homojunctions \u003ci\u003eJ-V\u003c\/i\u003e curves C. Some aspects of surface recombination D. The morphology of selected TCO samples E. Some aspects on location issues F. Derivations for DC-DC converters G. Fluid-dynamic model  \u003ci\u003eBibliography Index\u003c\/i\u003e","brand":"Bloomsbury Publishing PLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48868909875543,"sku":"9781906860325","price":25.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781906860325.jpg?v=1722290301"},{"product_id":"renewable-energy-crash-course-a-concise-introduction-9783030700485","title":"Renewable Energy Crash Course: A Concise","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eThis book is a concise reader-friendly introductory guide to understanding renewable energy technologies. By using simplified classroom-tested methods developed while teaching the subject to engineering students, the authors explain in simple language an otherwise complex subject in terms that enable readers to gain a rapid fundamental understanding of renewable energy, including basic principles, the different types, energy storage, grid integration, and economies. This powerful tutorial is a great resource for students, engineers, technicians, analysts, investors, and other busy professionals who need to quickly acquire a solid understanding of the science of renewable energy technology.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003eChapter 1 . Renewable Energy Basics.- Chapter 2. Hydroelectric Power.- Chapter 3. Wind Power.- Chapter 4. Ocean Power.- Chapter 5. Bioenergy.- Chapter 6. Geothermal Energy.- Chapter 7. Solar Thermal Energy.- Chapter 8. Solar Photovoltaics.- Chapter 9. Energy Storage.- Chapter 10. Grid Integration of Renewable Energy.- Chapter 11. Economic Aspects of Renewable Energy.- Chapter 12. Challenges of Renewable Sources of Energy.- Chapter 13. Comparative Study of Renewable Sources of Energy.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48869361680727,"sku":"9783030700485","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030700485.jpg?v=1791480520"},{"product_id":"windpower-9780764329692","title":"Windpower","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eWind energy is today''s most developed form of green power on the planet. This comprehensive survey examines the history of wind power, from early peoples' technology to harness the wind for basic mechanical tasks (such as turning grain to flour) through today''s Wind Rush. The process of building a wind farm and the growth of off-shore wind farms are included. 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They teach at the University of Paris.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/h2\u003e'The blistering conclusions of this fascinating and original book are sure to spark off many debates.'\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLe Monde Diplomatique\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'The authors of this book are the first to show how large a constraint energy imposes on the evolution of civilizations. They do so in a style accessible to the lay person while remaining interesting to the specialist.'\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLa Vie Francaise\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'In the Servitude of Power goes beyond energy to present a fine panorama of humanity from its origins onwards.'\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLa Tribune\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eForeword: Energy Crisis and Economic Crisis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1. Energy and Society\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2. From Prehistory to Antiquity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3. The Chinese Energy Model\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4. Ecological Constraints and Mechanical Innovation in the Medieval West\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5. Energy Revolution and European Industrialization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6. Expansion of the Capitalist Energy System: The Age of Networks\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7. Two Sides of a Crisis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8. Searching for a Way Out: Genesis and Problems of Nuclear Power\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e9. A Very Cartesian Nuclear Establishment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e10. Nuclear Power in Trouble\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e11. Energy, Ecology, Capitalism: The Turning Point\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNotes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlossary\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndex\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Bloomsbury Publishing PLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48884821360983,"sku":"9780862329433","price":39.33,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"photovoltaic-pv-system-delivery-as-reliable-energy-infrastructure-9781119571193","title":"Photovoltaic PV System Delivery as Reliable","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eA practical guide to improving photovoltaic power plant lifecycle performance and output  Photovoltaic (PV) System Delivery as Reliable Energy Infrastructure introduces a Preemptive Analytical Maintenance (PAM) for photovoltaic systems engineering, and the Repowering planning approach, as a structured integrated system delivery process. A team of veteran photovoltaics professionals delivers a robust discussion of the lessons learned from mature industriesincluding PV, aerospace, utilities, rail, marine, and automotiveas applied to the photovoltaic industry. The book offers real-world technical and fiscal examples of the impact of photovoltaics to all stakeholders during the concept, specification, operations, maintenance, and Repowering phases.  In each chapter, readers will learn to develop RAMS specifications, reliability data collection, and tasks while becoming familiar with the inherent benefits of how these affect the cost of design and development, maintenance, spares, and syste","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48885275984215,"sku":"9781119571193","price":97.65,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119571193.jpg?v=1722535688"},{"product_id":"sustainable-energy-si-edition-9781337551670","title":"Sustainable Energy SI Edition","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eExplore present and future energy needs as well as options for continued use of fossil fuels and alternative energy sources with Dunlap's SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, 2nd Edition. Individual chapters thoroughly investigate each energy approach as the book covers both current energy production and future strategies. The author assumes you are familiar with basic concepts of freshman-level physics and chemistry. This edition emphasizes the complexity of energy issues and need for a multidisciplinary approach to solving energy problems. Quantitative end-of-chapter problems help you practice analyzing information, correlating data from various sources, and interpreting graphical data and interpolate values. You see real problems in producing and using energy as you realize that while exact calculations are important, a broad-based analysis is often most appropriate.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003ePart I: BACKGROUND. 1. Energy Basics. 2. Past, Present, and Future World Energy Use. Part II: FOSSIL FUELS. 3. Fossil Fuel Resources and Use. 4. Environmental Consequences of Fossil Fuel Use. Part III: NUCLEAR ENERGY. 5. Some Basic Nuclear Physics. 6. Energy from Nuclear Fission. 7. Energy from Nuclear Fusion. Part IV: RENEWABLE ENERGY. 8. Direct Use of Solar Energy. 9. Electricity from Solar Energy. 10. Wind Energy. 11. Hydroelectric Energy. 12. Wave Energy. 13. Tidal Energy. 14. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion and Ocean Salinity Gradient Energy. 15. Geothermal Energy. 16. Biomass Energy. Part V: ENERGY CONSERVATION, ENERGY STORAGE, AND TRANSPORTATION. 17. Energy Conservation. 18. Energy Storage. 19. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). 20. Hydrogen. Part VI: THE FUTURE. 21. Future Prospects and Research and Design Projects. Appendix A: Powers of Ten. Appendix B: Physical Constants. Appendix C: Energy Conversion Factors. Appendix D: Miscellaneous Conversion Factors. Appendix E: Energy Content of Fuels. Appendix F: R-values in Metric and British Units. Appendix G: The Elements. Appendix H: Table of Acronyms.","brand":"Cengage Learning, Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48885433336151,"sku":"9781337551670","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781337551670.jpg?v=1722536366"},{"product_id":"advances-in-energy-research-volume-27-9781536123050","title":"Advances in Energy Research: Volume 27","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886068576599,"sku":"9781536123050","price":205.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781536123050.jpg?v=1722538705"},{"product_id":"organic-solar-cells-advances-in-research-applications-9781536124019","title":"Organic Solar Cells: Advances in Research \u0026","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003eThe last two decades have seen unprecedented research progress made in the fabrication and testing of organic solar cell (OSC) devices due to, among other things, rapid growth of interest in the development of organic materials for photovoltaic applications, the ease of processing, and the prospect of achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) cost effectively. The effects of impurity doping at the ppm level in photovoltaic organic semiconductors, including: (i) Seven-nines purification of organic semiconductors, (ii) pn-control of single and co-deposited organic semiconductors by impurity doping, (iii) ionisation sensitisation of doping showing the doping efficiency of 100%, (iv) ppm-doping effects in the simplest n+p-homojunction organic photovoltaic cells, and (v) the Hall effect of bulk-doped organic single crystals, are discussed in Chapter One. In Chapter Two the fabrication and characterisation of perovskite-type solar cells are reviewed and summarised such as CH3NH3PbI3, [HC(NH2)2]PbI3, and CsSnI3, which are expected for solar cell materials. Chapter Three proposes an experimental method to tailor SDE and optimise the power conversion efficiency (PCE), based on the electrical transport curve. Chapter Four provides a brief history of organic photovoltaic cell devices, factors limiting stability and power conversion efficiency, fundamental parameters that have been reported to improve the general performance of the devices, and recent developments in organic solar cell devices.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886069887319,"sku":"9781536124019","price":78.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"steam-generators-design-types-applications-9781536125108","title":"Steam Generators: Design, Types \u0026 Applications","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48886071492951,"sku":"9781536125108","price":148.79,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/collections\/alternative-and-renewable-energy-sources.oembed?page=25","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}